314:
20:
157:, reorganised Carinthia into Frankish counties soon after. The division of Carinthia may have occurred as early as before 819 or perhaps simultaneously with division of Friuli. Before this, the Carinthians were still ruled by native dukes. The new comital administration was mixed Bavarian-Slavic.
216:
inherited
Bavaria and confirmed Arnulf in Carinthia by an agreement with Carloman. Bavaria, however, was ruled more or less by Arnulf. Arnulf had ruled Bavaria during the summer and autumn of 879 while his father arranged his succession and he himself was granted "Pannonia," in the words of the
280:(called the "march of Carinthia" because it was the march of the Bavarian duchy and later under the Carinthian duchy) broke off from Carinthia. The Carantanian march was later to become the
193:. In 863, Louis, fearing a filial rebellion, invaded Carinthia, Carloman's home base. Gundachar went over to the king with a large army he had been given to command the defence of the
592:
567:
23:
The Holy Roman Empire during the tenth century. The march of
Carinthia is the central portion of the collection of Bavarian marches hatched in purple in the lower right.
562:
572:
577:
300:
200:
When
Carloman reconciled with his father and was created King of Bavaria, he granted Carinthia to his son by a Carinthian concubine,
190:
557:
166:
142:
303:
Duke of
Bavaria and separated the Carinthian march and the other marches from the duchy. He made Carinthia a duchy for the
582:
524:
587:
307:
528:. (Manchester Medieval series, Ninth-Century Histories, Volume II.) Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1992.
70:
in 976, a new
Carinthian march (that is, a march defending the Carinthian duchy) was created. It became the later
186:
384:
Reuter, 79–80. The region itself, however, did not rebel, as the lack of confiscatory repercussinons indicates.
212:) and the Carinthians treated him as their native duke. After Carloman was incapacitated by a stroke in 879,
322:
123:
482:
251:
raids. In 901, just two years after their first contact with western Europe, Carinthia was ravaged by the
197:. Consequently, Carloman was captured and deprived of his prefecture, which was bestowed on Gundachar.
540:
Kingship and
Politics in the Late Ninth Century: Charles the Fat and the end of the Carolingian Empire
284:. The only known Carinthian margrave from this period — though many counts are known — is
66:
throne, were united in the hands of a single authority. When the march of
Carinthia was raised into a
170:
201:
178:
285:
487:"The Barrier Boundary of the Mediterranean Basin and Its Northern Breaches as Factors in History"
318:
310:, who acted as a sort of "chief of the border police," controlling Istria, Friuli, and Carniola.
67:
36:
62:. The realm was divided into counties which, after the succession of the Carinthian duke to the
511:
244:
224:
219:
213:
194:
182:
130:
506:
498:
256:
240:
150:
91:
52:
141:
reorganised Friuli into four counties, the two northernmost of which — Carinthia and
313:
296:
281:
276:
260:
236:
154:
146:
138:
119:
115:
111:
87:
71:
185:, and in 858 campaigned heavily against Rastislav, forcing him to come to terms. In 861,
519:
551:
321:
shown in brown with the marches of Verona, Istria, Carniola and Styria, according to
247:. The southernmost marches, Carinthia and Carniola, were especially susceptible to
174:
63:
40:
189:, margrave of Carinthia, rebelled with his counts and Carloman replaced him with
304:
239:, Arnulf created a march of Carinthia. Alongside it were the marches of Istria,
107:
99:
502:
103:
83:
59:
267:
205:
181:(856). Carloman took control of the other eastern marches, Carinthia and
271:
252:
248:
134:
56:
32:
165:
The territory remained within the
Bavarian kingdom of Louis. In 855,
95:
486:
19:
110:
fully integrated the territory of
Carinthia (Carantania) into the
48:
44:
18:
98:. With this, the Bavarian frontier was extended and Odilo's son,
177:
suzerainty. In place of Radbod, Louis appointed his eldest son
122:. Under him, missionary work increased, especially through the
51:(or semi-Slavic) princes at first independently and then under
102:, began the Christianisation of the Slavic tribes beyond the
86:, an independent Slavic principality, with the growth of the
129:
Between 819 and 823, the native Slavic population supported
392:
390:
133:
in revolt against
Frankish overlordship. In 827, the
39:
created in 889. Before it was a march, it had been a
16:Former frontier district of the Carolingian Empire
491:Annals of the Association of American Geographers
533:Germany in the Early Middle Ages 800–1056
380:
378:
593:States and territories established in the 970s
568:States and territories established in the 880s
317:Holy Roman Empire about 1000: The succeeding
8:
459:Sources dispute whether before or after 955.
510:
255:. In 952, Carinthia was placed under the
312:
335:
7:
274:. In the tenth century, a so-called
114:by making it a part of the extended
542:. Cambridge University Press: 2003.
223:, or "Carantanum," in the words of
169:was deposed for unfaithfulness and
14:
563:Marches of the Holy Roman Empire
259:, as were Carniola, Istria, and
137:attacked Carinthia and, in 828,
149:and incorporated into Bavaria.
145:— were detached from the
266:The march's major cities were
167:Radbod, Prefect of the Ostmark
1:
512:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t2c825k1f
573:Medieval history of Slovenia
578:Medieval history of Austria
414:AF(M), 882 (p. 104 and n3).
609:
535:. New York: Longman, 1991.
405:AF, 863 (pp 49–50 and n6).
204:. Arnulf kept his seat at
94:, himself a vassal of the
503:10.1080/00045601509357037
237:King of all East Francia
235:After he in turn became
483:Semple, Ellen Churchill
423:AF(B), 884 (pp 108–11).
396:AF, 861 (p. 48 and n6).
323:William Robert Shepherd
124:Archdiocese of Salzburg
342:It is also known as a
326:
24:
558:976 disestablishments
316:
90:threat, submitted to
47:ruled by native-born
22:
441:AF(B), 901 (p. 142).
171:Rastislav of Moravia
583:Carolingian marches
525:The Annals of Fulda
290:preses de Carinthia
161:Carloman and Arnulf
588:889 establishments
327:
319:Duchy of Carinthia
37:Carolingian Empire
29:March of Carinthia
25:
531:Reuter, Timothy.
277:Carantanian march
220:Annales Fuldenses
214:Louis the Younger
173:rebelled against
131:Ljudevit Posavski
118:, along with the
55:and subsequently
33:frontier district
600:
538:MacLean, Simon.
516:
514:
469:
466:
460:
457:
451:
448:
442:
439:
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415:
412:
406:
403:
397:
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385:
382:
373:
370:
364:
361:
355:
340:
299:made his nephew
257:Duchy of Bavaria
92:Odilo of Bavaria
608:
607:
603:
602:
601:
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597:
548:
547:
520:Reuter, Timothy
481:
478:
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467:
463:
458:
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395:
388:
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371:
367:
362:
358:
341:
337:
332:
297:Emperor Otto II
282:Duchy of Styria
233:
163:
155:King of Bavaria
147:Italian kingdom
139:Louis the Pious
120:March of Istria
116:Duchy of Friuli
112:Frankish Empire
80:
72:March of Styria
35:(march) of the
17:
12:
11:
5:
606:
604:
596:
595:
590:
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580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
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536:
529:
517:
477:
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461:
452:
443:
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407:
398:
386:
374:
365:
356:
352:Markgrafschaft
334:
333:
331:
328:
232:
229:
225:Regino of Prüm
162:
159:
143:Lower Pannonia
79:
76:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
605:
594:
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586:
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579:
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566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
553:
546:
541:
537:
534:
530:
527:
526:
521:
518:
513:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:
475:
465:
462:
456:
453:
447:
444:
438:
435:
432:MacLean, 135.
429:
426:
420:
417:
411:
408:
402:
399:
393:
391:
387:
381:
379:
375:
369:
366:
360:
357:
353:
349:
348:margrav(i)ate
345:
339:
336:
329:
324:
320:
315:
311:
309:
306:
305:Liutpoldinger
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
250:
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228:
226:
222:
221:
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207:
203:
198:
196:
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188:
184:
180:
176:
175:East Frankish
172:
168:
160:
158:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
77:
75:
73:
69:
65:
64:East Frankish
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
545:
539:
532:
523:
494:
490:
464:
455:
446:
437:
428:
419:
410:
401:
368:
359:
351:
347:
343:
338:
295:In 976, the
294:
289:
288:, who was a
286:Markward III
275:
265:
234:
218:
209:
199:
164:
128:
81:
41:principality
28:
26:
468:Semple, 43.
450:Semple, 42.
372:Reuter, 57.
363:Reuter, 54.
108:Charlemagne
100:Tassilo III
552:Categories
106:. In 788,
84:Carantania
78:Background
60:suzerainty
522:(trans.)
497:: 27–59.
350:, German
191:Gundachar
485:(1915).
268:Friesach
245:Carniola
210:Mosapurc
206:Moosburg
195:Schwarza
183:Pannonia
179:Carloman
82:In 745,
57:Frankish
53:Bavarian
476:Sources
272:Villach
253:Magyars
241:Austria
135:Bulgars
325:, 1923
301:Otto I
261:Friuli
249:Magyar
243:, and
202:Arnulf
96:Franks
49:Slavic
31:was a
330:Notes
308:Henry
231:March
151:Louis
68:Duchy
45:duchy
344:mark
270:and
187:Pabo
104:Enns
88:Avar
27:The
507:hdl
499:doi
346:or
263:.
126:.
43:or
554::
505:.
493:.
489:.
389:^
377:^
292:.
227:.
153:,
74:.
515:.
509::
501::
495:5
354:.
208:(
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