1294:, ended up winning the election by 5%. The Socialist Party had called for the removal of Spanish troops from Iraq during its campaigning. Rodríguez Zapatero promised to remove Spanish troops by 30 June 2004, and the troops were withdrawn a month earlier than expected. Twenty-eight percent of voters said that the bombings influenced their opinions and vote. An estimated 1 million voters switched their vote to the Socialist Party after the Madrid bombings. These voters who switched their votes were no longer willing to support the Popular Party's stance on war policy. The bombings also influenced 1,700,000 citizens to vote who did not plan on originally voting. On the other hand, the terrorist attacks discouraged 300,000 people from voting. Overall, there was a net 4 percent increase in voter turnout.
801:, south of Madrid, as the base of operations for the individuals suspected of being the perpetrators of the Madrid and AVE attacks. The suspected militants, Sarhane Abdelmaji "the Tunisian" and Jamal Ahmidan "the Chinese", were trapped inside the apartment by a police raid on the evening of 3 April. At 9:03 pm, when the police attempted to breach the premises, the militants committed suicide by setting off explosives, killing themselves and one of the police officers. Investigators subsequently found that the explosives used in the Leganés explosion were of the same type as those used in the 11 March attacks (though it had not been possible to identify a brand of dynamite from samples taken from the trains) and in the thwarted bombing of the AVE line.
775:
979:, stated in 2004 that the history of the Moroccan Combat Group is directly tied to the rise of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan. According to Darif, "Since its inception at the end of the 1990s and until 2001, the role of the organisation was restricted to giving logistic support to al-Qaeda in Morocco, finding its members places to live, providing them with false papers, with the opportunity of marrying Moroccans and with false identities to allow them to travel to Europe. Since 11 September, however, which brought the Kingdom of Morocco in on the side of the fight against terrorism, the organisation switched strategies and opted for terrorist attacks within Morocco itself."
908:
380:
Daoiz y
Velarde sports facility. Bystanders and local residents helped relief workers, as hospitals were told to expect the arrival of many casualties. At 08:43, firefighters reported 15 dead at El Pozo. By 09:00, the police had confirmed the death of at least 30 people – 20 at El Pozo and about 10 in Santa Eugenia and Atocha. People combed the city's major hospitals in search of family members who they thought were aboard the trains. There were 193 confirmed dead victims, the last victim dying in 2014 after having been in a coma for 10 years due to one of the Atocha explosions and not having been able to recover from their injuries.
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561:
441:
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541:
312:
701:
3708:"Connections have also been drawn between the drivers of a van found on the outskirts of Madrid on 29 February containing 500 kg of explosive and the Islamists: the two men in the van are alleged to be members of ETA, and also to have been among a group of Basques who expressed strong support for Iraq against the Anglo-American invasion. But so far the evidence does not go beyond the circumstantial." Retrieved 1 September 2009.
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421:
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2273:"The biggest surprise was that two men originally accused of planning the attack were convicted only of belonging to a terrorist group, not of the Madrid killings... 'We're very surprised by the acquittal,' said Jose Maria de Pablos, attorney of a victims' association linked to conspiracy theories. 'If it wasn't them, we have to find out who it was. Somebody gave the order.'"
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481:
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501:
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1495:
401:
58:
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members who were detained while driving the outskirts of Madrid in a van containing 500 kg of explosives 11 days before the train bombings. The Madrid judge Coro Cillán continued to hear conspiracy theory cases, including one accusing government officials of ordering the scrapping of the bombed train cars in order to destroy evidence.
1509:
261:(Euskadi Ta Askatasuna) was responsible for the bombings, while the opposition claimed that the PP was trying to prevent the public from knowing it had been an Islamist attack, which would be interpreted as the direct result of Spain's involvement in Iraq, an unpopular war which the government had entered without the approval of the
1187:. According to the provincial chief of the TEDAX, deactivated rucksacks contained some other type of explosive. The 13th bomb, which was transferred to a police station, contained dynamite, although it did not explode because it was missing two wires connecting the explosives to the detonator. That bomb used a mobile phone (
343:) arriving at the scenes of the explosions detonated two of the remaining three IEDs in controlled explosions, but the third was not found until later in the evening, having been stored inadvertently with luggage taken from one of the trains. The following timeline of events comes from the judicial investigation.
3529:"For the first time in its history al-Qa'ida has used not the cheap and primitive fertiliser-based bombs familiar in attacks from Yemen to Istanbul, but Goma 2 ECO gelignite, detonated by mobile phones. This sophisticated twin technique has previously been the trademark of ETA, the Basque separatist group."
1431:
As
Spanish and international investigations continue to claim the unlikeliness of ETA's active implication, these claims have shifted from direct accusations involving the Basque separatist organisation to less specific insinuations and general scepticism. Additionally, there is controversy over the
1238:
Security forces carried out a controlled explosion of a suspicious package found near the Atocha station and subsequently deactivated the two undetonated devices on the Téllez train. A third unexploded device was later brought from the station at El Pozo to a police station in
Vallecas, and became a
844:
In memory of the victims of the attacks of 11 March 2004, who were transported to the field hospital established here in the
Municipal Sports Centre of Daoiz y Velarde. As an expression of sympathy from Madrid's citizens, and of gratitude for the courage and generosity of all the services and people
804:
Based on the assumption that the militants killed at Leganés were indeed the individuals responsible for the train bombings, the ensuing investigation focused on how they obtained their estimated 200 kg of explosives. The investigation revealed that they had been bought from a retired miner who
379:
At 08:00, emergency relief workers began arriving at the scenes of the bombings. The police reported numerous victims and spoke of 50 wounded and several dead. By 08:30 the emergency ambulance service, SAMUR (Servicio de
Asistencia Municipal de Urgencia y Rescate), had set up a field hospital at the
367:
El Pozo del Tío
Raimundo Station (train number 21435) – At approximately 07:38, just as the train (six cars and double-decker) was starting to leave the station, two bombs exploded in different carriages. The carriages affected were the fourth and fifth. Another bomb was found in the third wagon and
358:
Atocha
Station (train number 21431) – Three bombs exploded. Based on the video recording from the station security system, the first bomb exploded at 07:37, and two others exploded within 4 seconds of each other at 07:38. The train cars affected were the sixth, fifth and fourth. A fourth device
1762:
While the bombers may have been inspired by bin Laden, a two-year investigation into the attacks has found no evidence that al-Qa'ida helped plan, finance or carry out the bombings, or even knew about them in advance. Ten bombs in backpacks and other small bags, such as gym bags, exploded. One bomb
1385:
In the investigations carried out to find out what went wrong in the security services, many individual instances of negligence and miscoordination between different branches of the police were found. The group dealing with
Islamist extremists was very small and in spite of having carried out some
374:
Calle Téllez (train number 17305), approximately 800 meters from Atocha
Station – Four bombs exploded in different carriages of the train at approximately 07:39. The wagons affected were the first, the fourth, the fifth and sixth. The train was slowing down to stop and wait for train 21431 to
272:
Following the attacks, there were nationwide demonstrations and protests demanding that the government "tell the truth." The prevailing opinion of political analysts is that the Aznar administration lost the general elections as a result of the handling and representation of the terrorist attacks,
1272:
and members of the security forces and national and foreign (Moroccan) secret services were involved in the bombings. Defenders of the claims that ETA participated in some form in the 11 March attacks have affirmed that there is circumstantial evidence linking the
Islamic extremists with two ETA
1206:
developed an extensive action plan to monitor records corresponding with the use of weapons and explosives. There were 166,000 inspections conducted throughout the country between March 2004 and November 2004. About 2,500 violations were discovered and over 3 tons of explosives, 11 kilometers of
1143:
chief claimed that they knew that the unexploded explosive found in the Kangoo van was Goma-2 ECO the very day of the bombings. He also asserted that "it is impossible to know" the components of the explosives that went off in the trains – though he later asserted that it was dynamite. The Judge
1060:
Although ETA has a history of mounting bomb attacks in Madrid, the 11 March attacks exceeded any attack previously attempted by a European organisation. This led some experts to point out that the tactics used were more typical of militant Islamic extremist groups, perhaps with a certain link to
1396:
At the time of the Madrid bombings, Spain was well equipped with internal security structures that were, for the most part, effective in the fight against terrorism. It became evident that there were coordination issues between police forces as well as within each of them. The Interior Ministry
1152:
A radio report mentioned a plastic explosive called "Special C". However, the government said that the explosive found in an unexploded device, discovered among bags thought to be victims' lost luggage, was the Spanish made Goma-2 ECO. The unexploded device contained 10 kg (22 lb) of
1076:
Political analysts believe ETA's guilt would have strengthened the PP's chances of being re-elected, as this would have been regarded as the death throes of a terrorist organisation reduced to desperate measures by the strong anti-terrorist policy of the Aznar government. On the other hand, an
1401:
to strengthen their counter-terrorism services, led to an increase in jobs aimed at preventing and fighting global terrorism. Counter-terrorism services increased its employment by nearly 35% during the legislature. Human resources in external information services, dealing with international
303:, investigations and probes conducted by Spanish officials did not find any links to al-Qaeda. Findings issued by the Spanish judiciary in September 2007 found 21 individuals of participating in the attacks, while rejecting the involvement of an external mastermind or direct al-Qaeda links.
1357:
described the Madrid trial as "a complete farce" stating that "There isn't the slightest bit of evidence of any operational relationship with al-Qaida". Instead, "The overwhelming majority of in Europe have nothing to do with al-Qaida other than a vague relationship of ideology."
898:
On 17 March 2008, Basel Ghalyoun, Mohamed Almallah Dabas, Abdelillah El-Fadual El-Akil and Raúl González Peña, having been found guilty by the Audiencia Nacional, were released after a Higher Court ruling. This court also verified the release of the Egyptian Rabei Osman al-Sayed.
1446:
In the aftermath of the bombings, there were massive street demonstrations across Spain to protest against the train bombings. Two people died in political violence about the ETA controversy. The international reaction was also notable, as the scale of the attack became clearer.
1344:, "the Court dismantled one by one all conspiracy theories" and demonstrated that any link with or involvement in the bombings by ETA was either misleading or groundless. During the trial the defendants retracted their previous statements and denied any involvement. According to
1352:
also claimed -among other misgivings that the Spanish judiciary reached "scientifically unsound" conclusions about the kind of explosives used in the trains, and that no direct al-Qaeda link was found, thus "debunking the key argument of the official version". Anthropologist
986:
said "There isn't the slightest bit of evidence of any relationship with al-Qaida. We've been looking at it closely for years and we've been briefed by everybody under the sun... and nothing connects them." He provides a detailed timeline that lends credence to this view.
990:
According to the European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center, the Islamic extremists' alliance with ETA is highly dubious and "there is not anyway any terror case whatsoever to this day in which islamist internationalists collaborated with non-muslims".
368:
was detonated hours later by the TEDAX team on the platform, slightly damaging the third wagon. Yet another bomb was found in the second carriage; it was disabled hours later in the nearby Parque Azorín, and allowed the police to find several suspects.
1281:
The public seemed convinced that the Madrid Bombings were a result of the Aznar government's alignment with the U.S. and its invasion of Iraq. Before the attack, the incumbent Popular Party led the polls by 5 percent. It is believed that the
1365:
in May, protesting against the allegedly "unfair" role of political parties and media in the legal proceedings. Judge Javier Gómez Bermúdez refused to suspend the trial despite the strike, and the hunger strikers ended their fast on 21 May.
1337:, "the notes found on the Moroccan informer 'Cartagena' prove that the Police had the leaders of the cell responsible for the 11 March attacks under surveillance." However, none of the notes refer to the preparation of any terrorist attack.
818:
about 11 March 2004 as an example of what could happen unless the government considered their petitions (in reference to the 2004 electoral swing), although the source also makes it clear that ETA 'had nothing to do' with the attack itself.
3409:"The bombers used Titadine, a kind of compressed dynamite also found in a bomb-laden van intercepted last month as it headed for Madrid, a source at Aznar's office said, speaking on condition of anonymity. Officials blamed ETA then, too."
1065:, or maybe to a new generation of ETA activists using al-Qaeda as a role model. Observers also noted that ETA customarily, but not always, issues warnings before its mass bombings and that there had been no warning for this attack.
363:
team two hours later in the first car, which was scheduled to explode when emergency services arrived. Two hours after the first explosions, the bomb was detonated by the bomb disposal team in the first car in a controlled
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1397:
focused on correcting these weaknesses. It was Spain's goal to strengthen its police intelligence in order to deal with the risks and threats of international terrorism. This decision for the National Police and the
1034:
in Spain, the situation had many political interpretations. The United States also initially believed ETA was responsible, then questioning if Islamic extremists were responsible. Spain's third-largest newspaper,
894:
reported that Algerian Ouhnane Daoud, who is considered to be the mastermind of the 11-M bombings, has been searching for ways to return to Spain to prepare further attacks, though this has not been confirmed.
1376:
handed down its judgements. Of the 28 defendants in the trial, 21 were found guilty on a range of charges from forgery to murder. Two of the defendants were sentenced each to more than 40,000 years in prison.
1199:
Muslims were arrested for the attacks, it was confirmed that the attacks came from an Islamist group. Only one of the five persons (the Moroccan Jamal Zougam) detained that day was finally prosecuted.
288:
seem to suggest that indeed the bombings had important electoral impact (turning the electoral outcome against the incumbent People's Party and handing government over to the Socialist Party, PSOE).
1655:
1049:
identified ETA as the prime suspect, but the group, which usually claims responsibility for its actions, denied any involvement. Later evidence strongly pointed to the involvement of extremist
790:) on 2 April. The Spanish judiciary chose not to investigate that incident and the perpetrators remain unknown. The device used in the AVE incident was unable to explode because it lacked an
346:
All four trains had departed the Alcalá de Henares station between 07:01 and 07:14. The explosions took place between 07:37 and 07:40, as described below (all times given are in local time
5158:
4030:: "The main suspect remains Moroccan Jamal Zougam, who allegedly had close ties to Islamist militants and who has been under watch by Spanish, French, and Moroccan agents since 2001"
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5153:
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1575:
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radio station, continue to support theories relating the attack to a vast conspiracy to remove the governing party from power. Support for the conspiracy was also given by the
1239:
central piece of evidence for the investigation. It appears that the El Pozo bomb failed to detonate because a cell-phone alarm used to trigger the bomb was set 12 hours late.
2785:
2259:
The al-Qaeda leader who created, trained and directed the terrorist cell that carried out the Madrid train bombings has been held in a CIA "ghost prison" for more than a year.
1077:
Islamic extremist attack would have been perceived as the direct result of Spain's involvement in Iraq, an unpopular war that had not been approved by the Spanish Parliament.
1235:(GEO) (Spanish special police assault unit) police officer and wounding eleven policemen. According to witnesses and media, between five and eight suspects escaped that day.
4049:"The lead suspect is Jamal Zougam, who allegedly has close ties with Islamist militants and has been under watch by Spanish, French and Moroccan agents since 2001 at least."
1348:
the questions of "by whom, why, when and where the Madrid train attacks were planned" are still "unanswered", because the alleged masterminds of the attacks were acquitted.
1195:
card to activate the alarm and thereby detonate. The analysis of the SIM card allowed the police to arrest an alleged perpetrator. On 13 March, when three Moroccans and two
3791:
2039:
Cf. Meso Ayeldi, K. "Teléfonos móviles e Internet, nuevas tecnologías para construir un espacio público contrainformativo: El ejemplo de los flash mob en la tarde del 13M"
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1415:
238:
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the principle of availability which began to be discussed after the Madrid bombings, was signed by Germany, Spain, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Austria, and Belgium.
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4787:
5040:
3709:
1788:
The cell was inspired by al-Qaida but had no direct links to it, nor did it receive financing from Osama bin Laden's terrorist organization, Spanish investigators say
323:). The date, 11 March, led to the abbreviation of the incident as "11-M". All the affected trains were traveling on the same line and in the same direction between
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5143:
4920:
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charge for local Al-Qaida groups" of choosing that day. Actually, because 2004 was a leap year, 912 days had elapsed between 11 September 2001 and 11 March 2004.
3744:
3106:"Anyway, to this day here has never been any example of a terrorist action by international Islamists made in collaboration with non-Muslims." French original:
1834:
1420:
The authorship of the bombings remains a controversial issue in Spain. Sectors of the Partido Popular (PP) and some of the PP-friendly media outlets (primarily
1124:
experts of the Spanish police) declared on 12 July 2004 that damage in the trains could not be caused by dynamite, but by some type of military explosive, like
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surveillances, they were unable to stop the bombings. Also, some of the criminals involved in the "Little Mafia" who provided the explosives were police
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Il n'y a d'ailleurs à ce jour aucun example d'une action terroriste menée par des islamistes internationalistes en collaboration avec des non-musulmans
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952:. U.S. officials note that this group is "notoriously unreliable". In August 2007, al-Qaeda claimed to be "proud" about the Madrid 2004 bombings.
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traffickers of Moroccan origin, remotely linked to an al-Qaeda cell that had been already captured. These groups bought the explosives (dynamite
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director Jürgen Storbeck commented that the bombings "could have been ETA... But we're dealing with an attack that doesn't correspond to the
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1658:. The 192nd victim (Laura Vega) died in 2014, after a decade in coma in a hospital of Madrid. She was the last hospitalized injured person.
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Scholar Rogelio Alonso said in 2007, "the investigation had uncovered a link between the Madrid suspects and the wider world of al-Qaida".
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Montalvo, José G. (2011). "Voting After the Bombings: A Natural Experiment on the Effect of Terrorist Attacks on Democratic Elections".
1978:
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242:
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The total number of victims was higher than in any other terrorist attack in Spain, far surpassing the 21 killed and 40 wounded from a
191:
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On Sunday, a Basque-language daily published a statement by ETA in which the group for a second time denied involvement in the attacks
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reported that "Those who invented the new kind of rucksack bomb used in the attacks are said to have been taught in training camps in
3419:
1739:
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claimed that the PP government erased all of the computer files related to the Madrid bombings, leaving only the documents on paper.
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During the peak of Madrid rush hour on the morning of Thursday, 11 March 2004, ten explosions occurred aboard four commuter trains (
257:'s PP was defeated. Immediately after the bombing, leaders of the PP claimed evidence indicating the Basque separatist organization
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On 25 March 2005, prosecutor Olga Sánchez asserted that the bombings happened 911 days (exactly 2 and a half years) after the
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Santa Eugenia Station (train number 21713) – One bomb exploded at approximately 07:38. The only wagon affected was the fourth.
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ECO with a detonator and 136 meters of wire (connected to nothing) was found on the track of a high-speed railway line (
299:, among several others, for his participation carrying out the attack. Although claims were made that attacks were linked to
249:(PP)—accusing each other of concealing or distorting evidence for electoral reasons. The bombings occurred three days before
3775:"Las notas del confidente marroquí 'Cartagena' prueban que la Policía controlaba a la cúpula del 11-M - españa - elmundo.es"
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Five to eight suspects believed to be involved in the 11 March attacks managed to escape. In December 2006, the newspaper
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found "local cells of Islamic extremists inspired through the Internet" guilty for the 11 March attacks, rather than the
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1157:. In the aftermath of the attacks, however, the chief coroner alleged that no shrapnel was found in any of the victims.
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No evidence has been found of al-Qaeda involvement, although an al-Qaeda claim was made the day of the attacks by the
791:
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49:
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Some of the alleged perpetrators of the bombing were reportedly under surveillance by the Spanish police since 2001.
1030:. The Spanish government maintained this theory for two days. Because the bombs were detonated three days before the
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Immediate reactions to the attacks in Madrid were the several press conferences held by the Spanish prime minister
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revisaron "dos veces" todos los vagones del 11-M sin encontrar Goma 2 ni la mochila de Vallecas (Libertad Digital)
2756:"El TS absuelve a cuatro procesados del 11-M por falta de pruebas y un error en un registro ordenado por Del Olmo"
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radio station) claim that there are inconsistencies and contradictions in the Spanish judicial investigation.
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1467:, the victims' families, and representatives from numerous other countries, including British prime minister
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1132:. An unnamed source from the Aznar administration claimed that the explosive used in the attacks had been
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755:
278:
258:
3540:"elmundo.es - La Policía encuentra una decimotercera mochila bomba en la comisaría de Puente de Vallecas"
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Goma-2 ECO was never before used by al-Qaeda, but the explosive and the modus operandi were described by
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254:
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3444:[The former head of Tedax acknowledges that his analysis left 'questions' about the explosive].
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4183:"Veinte años del asesinato de Ángel Berrueta en Pamplona, víctima indirecta del 11M: "Eres un etarra""
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3124:"Spain's Former Prime Minister José María Aznar on the Arab Awakening and How the West Should React"
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223:. The explosions killed 193 people and injured around 2,050. The bombings constituted the deadliest
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The Spanish judiciary stated that a loose group of Moroccan, Syrian, and Algerian Muslims and two
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Due to the government theory, statements issued shortly after the Madrid attacks, including from
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2877:"Los dos cómplices clave de los autores del 11-M eran confidentes policiales | elmundo.es"
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and current head of the Tripoli Military Council, was suspected of complicity in the bombings.
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at a Hipercor chain supermarket in Barcelona. On that occasion, responsibility was claimed by
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events that took place between the bombings and the general elections held three days later.
17:
4880:
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3558:"elmundo.es - Continúan declarando los cinco primeros detenidos por su relación con el 11-M"
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plan was upgraded to orange level. In Italy, the government declared a state of high alert.
4062:[An inspector assures that several accused were being pursued since January 2003].
3863:"El 11-M se queda sin autores intelectuales al quedar absueltos los tres acusados de serlo"
3696:, 19 April 2004. Article defending a number of conspiracy theories related to the bombings.
2333:"El 11-M se queda sin autores intelectuales al quedar absueltos los tres acusados de serlo"
1763:
did not explode and was defused. The police did controlled explosions on three other bombs.
1361:
Though the trial proceeded smoothly in its opening months, 14 of the 29 defendants began a
964:, Afghanistan, under instruction from members of Morocco's radical Islamist Combat Group."
4434:
4153:
4096:
4046:
3656:
3623:
3442:"El ex jefe de Tedax reconoce que sus análisis dejaron 'interrogantes' sobre el explosivo"
3427:
3395:
3103:
2611:
2140:
2047:
2040:
2027:
1982:
1890:
1749:
1744:
1129:
1036:
956:
810:
2426:
2100:
2082:
2064:
1975:
Lago, I. (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) Del 11-M al 14-M: Los mecanismos del cambio electoral
2208:"Del Olmo sólo tiene ya un presunto autor material del 11-M para sentar en el banquillo"
4039:
3209:
3187:
1472:
1098:
1070:
231:. The attacks were carried out by individuals who opposed Spanish involvement in the
5107:
5097:
3917:"El tribunal del 11-M desbarata la tesis clave de la versión oficial en su sentencia"
2393:"El tribunal del 11-M desbarata la tesis clave de la versión oficial en su sentencia"
1514:
1455:
A memorial service for the victims of this incident was held on 25 March 2004 at the
1403:
1398:
1362:
1323:
1303:
1203:
1121:
942:
934:
336:
292:
3827:"Madrid bombing 'mastermind' protests innocence", 15 February 2007, 1:59 pm ET
2193:
5085:
4293:
3832:
3502:"Ni clavos, ni tuercas, ni tornillos; no había metralla entre nuestros 191 muertos"
3096:
1862:"Terrorism Monitor | The Madrid Attacks: Results of Investigations Two Years Later"
1808:
1677:
1500:
1480:
1231:, south Madrid, four terrorists died in an apparent suicide explosion, killing one
1110:
296:
175:
4060:"Un inspector asegura que perseguían a varios de los acusados desde enero de 2003"
3933:
2952:"Al Qaeda dice sentirse 'orgullosa' de la destrucción que afectó a Madrid el 11-M"
3792:
Comienza en Madrid el juicio por el mayor atentado islamista registrado en Europa
2549:
1974:
4298:
3269:
2815:
2630:
2580:
1563:
1354:
1258:
1043:
1014:
983:
706:
129:
2490:
2026:
92% of the Spanish population expressed its disagreement with the intervention
1153:
explosive with 1 kg (2.2 lb) of nails and screws packed around it as
4324:
3796:
3591:"elmundo.es - Al Qaeda reivindica los atentados en un vídeo hallado en Madrid"
2719:
2701:
Un factor "cabalístico" en la elección de la fecha de la matanza en los trenes
2686:
1490:
1468:
1390:
and had leaked to their case officers some tips that were not followed up on.
1387:
1228:
1220:
1188:
976:
890:
881:
851:
798:
102:
5055:
5042:
4251:
2786:"Tribunal Supremo concluye vista de recursos contra sentencia atentados 11-M"
2717:
El argelino huido tras perpetrar el 11-M preparaba nuevos atentados en España
2423:"Sound of the second wave of bombs recorded in a cellular phone conversation"
1286:
would have won the election if it had not been for the terrorist attack. The
3845:"Irak, Zougam, ETA, el explosivo... y otras claves de la sentencia del 11-M"
2840:
2303:"ETA, Irak, Zougam, el explosivo... y otras claves de la sentencia del 11-M"
1102:
961:
938:
930:
in Europe, appeared in a videotape claiming responsibility for the attacks.
916:
763:
224:
137:
1933:
1106:
941:
were suspected of having carried out the attacks. On 11 April 2006, Judge
57:
4389:
3247:
2554:
2505:"Archivan las investigaciones sobre el intento de atentado contra el AVE"
2177:
1327:
1144:
Javier Gómez Bermúdez replied "I cannot understand" to these assertions.
1133:
1101:
van was found parked outside the station at Alcalá de Henares containing
1090:
1086:
1062:
1050:
927:
869:
566:
526:
466:
300:
207:) were a series of coordinated, nearly simultaneous bombings against the
187:
117:
41:
4109:"Las tesis poco claras de la fiscalía en sus conclusiones sobre el 11-M"
3328:"From Bali to Madrid, attackers seek to inflict ever-greater casualties"
2185:
833:
4025:"Spain: State Funeral For Madrid Bombing Victims Gathers World Leaders"
1779:
1315:
1180:
1066:
726:
606:
586:
446:
426:
265:. The scale and precise planning of the attacks reared memories of the
133:
1905:"Madrid: The Aftermath: Spain admits bombs were the work of Islamists"
4168:"Bombs were Spanish-made explosives | Millions pack Madrid's streets"
2859:"Principales procesados por los atentados del 11-M | elmundo.es"
2789:
2609:[The group reminded the Executive of the precedent of 11-M].
1319:
1018:
Anonymous protest: "The brave are brave as long as the coward wants".
838:
783:
646:
626:
506:
241:
by the government arose, with Spain's two main political parties—the
239:
Controversy regarding the handling and representation of the bombings
212:
148:
74:
3950:
3706:
Madrid: The Aftermath: Spain admits bombs were the work of Islamists
3527:
Madrid: The Aftermath: Spain admits bombs were the work of Islamists
1136:(used by ETA, and intercepted on its way to Madrid 11 days before).
3810:
El Morabit niega ahora haber sido avisado de los atentados del 11-M
3123:
1995:"Selected bibliography on political analysis of the 11-M aftermath"
1508:
1402:
terrorism, grew by 72% in the National Police force and 22% in the
1340:
The trial of 29 defendants began on 15 February 2007. According to
3387:
1214:
1184:
1140:
1117:
1013:
906:
832:
797:
Shortly after the AVE incident, police identified an apartment in
773:
666:
406:
360:
340:
310:
216:
945:
charged 29 suspects for their involvement in the train bombings.
273:
rather than because of the bombings per se. Results published in
3128:
1183:
stations, numbers 11 and 12, were detonated accidentally by the
1039:, immediately labelled the attacks as "ETA's bloodiest attack."
837:
Plaque in memory of the casualties in the 11-M terror attack in
686:
486:
227:
carried out in the history of Spain and the deadliest in Europe
4328:
4255:
3072:"Talking to the Enemy by Scott Atran – A Review by Jason Burke"
2740:
2535:
787:
3422:[The 11M learned that the explosive was Goma 2 ECO].
3407:
CBS News: Madrid Massacre Probe Widens. Madrid, 11 March 2004
2239:"Spain furious as US blocks access to Madrid bombing 'chief'"
2895:"Suspects indicted in Madrid train attacks (OnlineNewsHous)"
1265:(AVT), Spain's largest association of victims of terrorism.
3226:[ETA commits the bloodiest attack in its history].
2661:"The Terrorist Threat to the Italian Elections (Jamestown)"
758:. It was Europe's worst terror attack since the bombing of
1776:"Trial Opens in Madrid for Train Bombings That Killed 191"
1085:
All of the devices are thought to have been hidden inside
3669:
Zaplana claims PSOE "afraid that the truth will come out"
1636:[The automatic processing for 11-M - Documents].
1207:
detonating cord, and over 15,000 detonators were seized.
1706:
Genzmer, Herbert; Kershner, Sybille; Schutz, Christian.
4210:"World Leaders Converge in Spain to Mourn Bomb Victims"
3326:
Ewen MacAskill; Richard Norton-Taylor (12 March 2004).
2507:. Libertaddigital.com. 26 November 2008. Archived from
1369:
The last hearing of the trial was held on 2 July 2007.
331:
station in Madrid. It was later reported that thirteen
3224:"ETA comete el atentado más sangriento de su historia"
2607:"La banda recordó al Ejecutivo el precedente del 11-M"
5069:
3899:"El final del principio en la investigación del 11-M"
3045:"21 guilty, seven cleared over Madrid train bombings"
2363:"El final del principio en la investigación del 11-M"
1825:
1823:
1740:"Madrid bombers 'were inspired by bin Laden address'"
1673:"21 guilty, seven cleared over Madrid train bombings"
1666:
1664:
1576:
List of terrorist incidents involving railway systems
1089:. The police investigated reports of three people in
219:, on the morning of 11 March 2004—three days before
4990:
4964:
4955:
4919:
4866:
4681:
4628:
4612:
4586:
4512:
4476:
4450:
4443:
4362:
1634:"El auto de procesamiento por el 11-M - Documentos"
1330:using money from the small-scale drug trafficking.
182:
171:
163:
155:
143:
123:
109:
81:
70:
34:
1804:"Al Qaeda, Madrid bombs not linked: Spanish probe"
1539:Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings
1416:Controversies about the 2004 Madrid train bombings
814:reported that ETA reminded Spanish Prime Minister
5003:January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium
4242:Was the attempt plotted in Mohammed VI's Château?
1588:, a very similar attack barely five weeks before.
3420:"El 11M se supo que el explosivo era Goma 2 ECO"
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
4128:"Newspaper spat over Madrid bombs 'conspiracy'"
3018:"The worst Islamist attack in European history"
1093:getting on and off the trains several times at
5159:Improvised explosive device bombings in Madrid
2615:(in Spanish). 31 December 2006. Archived from
2117:. Brookings.edu. 31 March 2004. Archived from
5139:Attacks on buildings and structures in Madrid
4340:
4267:
2115:"Madrid Bombings and U.S. Policy – Brookings"
1860:Javier Jordán; Robert Wesley (9 March 2006).
1835:International Institute for Strategic Studies
1816:on 27 September 2007 – via borrull.org.
1798:
1796:
1782:Los Angeles. 15 February 2007. Archived from
8:
5154:Improvised explosive device bombings in 2004
3947:"Transcripts and videos of the Madrid trial"
3012:
3010:
2532:"Suspected Madrid bombing ringleader killed"
2477:
2475:
2022:
2020:
1970:
1968:
27:Terrorist attack on Madrid's suburban trains
5149:Filmed improvised explosive device bombings
4066:(in Spanish). 21 March 2007. Archived from
3426:(in Spanish). 15 March 2007. Archived from
3043:Paul Hamilos; Mark Tran (31 October 2007).
2575:
2573:
2550:"Madrid bomb cell neutralised (BBC Europe)"
2483:"THE LORAX: How Joe Lieberman sees himself"
1911:. London, UK. 16 March 2004. Archived from
1671:Paul Hamilos; Mark Tran (31 October 2007).
1549:Reactions to the 2004 Madrid train bombings
1522:Specifically about the 2004 Madrid bombings
1442:Reactions to the 2004 Madrid train bombings
829:Reactions to the 2004 Madrid train bombings
186:Opposition to Spanish participation in the
4961:
4648:2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers
4625:
4509:
4447:
4347:
4333:
4325:
4274:
4260:
4252:
3974:"Court finds 21 guilty of Madrid bombings"
3724:31 January 2012 edition (Madrid newspaper)
1628:
1626:
382:
31:
5224:Terrorist incidents in Spain in the 2000s
5204:Rail transport in the Community of Madrid
4653:2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers
3881:"Guía para abordar la sentencia del 11-M"
2167:
4998:2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway
4463:Shchelkovo Highway police station attack
4400:ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France
2922:"CBS News. Madrid Massacre Probe Widens"
2853:
2851:
2679:"Aznar "wiped files on Madrid bombings""
1535:, wrongfully identified via fingerprints
1322:ECO) from low-level thieves, police and
805:still had access to blasting equipment.
291:After 21 months of investigation, judge
5076:
3575:Libertad digital, los enigmas del 11-M
2988:. Real Instituto Elcano. Archived from
2438:
2436:
1622:
778:State funeral at the Almudena Cathedral
3354:"Spain Campaigned to Pin Blame on ETA"
3255:from the original on 8 November 2015.
2754:Guillermo Peris Peris (17 July 2008).
2444:"elmundo.es. Documento: Auto del 11-M"
2156:The Review of Economics and Statistics
1957:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1950:
1886:
1875:
335:(IEDs) had been placed on the trains.
275:The Review of Economics and Statistics
5219:Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2004
5144:Attacks on railway stations in Europe
4247:U.N. Security Council Resolution 1530
3504:. Libertaddigital.com. Archived from
2283:from the original on 23 February 2009
1263:Asociación de Víctimas del Terrorismo
782:A device composed of 12 kilograms of
7:
4977:Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium
4420:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
4309:National and international reactions
4126:Giles Tremlett (15 September 2006).
3677:, 30 March 2005. Recovered from the
3650:Spain's 11-M and the right's revenge
3448:(in Spanish). Spain. 14 March 2007.
3153:"Diplomacy after the Arab uprisings"
2816:"Full text: 'Al-Qaeda' Madrid claim"
2218:from the original on 12 October 2007
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1651:
1649:
1057:named as a focus of investigations.
5169:Islamic terrorist incidents in 2004
4458:2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
2462:"La lista de las víctimas del 11-M"
1592:2006 Madrid–Barajas Airport bombing
1559:2004 Madrid train bombings suspects
770:Further bombings spur investigation
62:Remains of one of the trains, near
4828:2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack
4823:Paris police headquarters stabbing
4711:2014 Tours police station stabbing
4208:Sciolino, Elaine (25 March 2004).
2237:O'Neill, Sean (15 February 2007).
1738:Elizabeth Nash (7 November 2006).
1612:2006 German train bombing attempts
1597:11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings
1586:February 2004 Moscow Metro bombing
1381:Police surveillance and informants
911:Memorial plaque to the victims in
253:in which incumbent Prime Minister
25:
5134:21st-century mass murder in Spain
4638:Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
4395:Spillover of the Syrian Civil War
4040:"Spanish investigators confident"
3998:James Sturcke (31 October 2007).
3617:Ghosh, Aparisim (14 March 2004).
2983:"The Moroccan Combat Group (PDF)"
2271:Barrett, Jane (31 October 2007).
1314:. These local cells consisted of
1251:(PP), and certain media, such as
1172:came to the opposite conclusion.
1148:Examination of unexploded devices
5091:
5079:
4753:2016 Paris police station attack
4701:Toulouse and Montauban shootings
4415:Insurgency in the North Caucasus
3972:Jane Barrett (31 October 2007).
3743:Crumley, Bruce (13 March 2005).
3452:from the original on 6 June 2011
3307:from the original on 24 May 2011
3243:"Voters Oust Spanish Government"
2962:from the original on 6 June 2011
2844:Bomb squad link in Spanish blast
2641:from the original on 11 May 2004
2403:from the original on 6 June 2011
2373:from the original on 6 June 2011
2343:from the original on 6 June 2011
2313:from the original on 6 June 2011
2005:from the original on 6 June 2011
1841:from the original on 4 June 2011
1507:
1493:
1312:Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
1055:Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
868:due to the "highly symbolic and
766:, Scotland on 21 December 1988.
719:
699:
679:
659:
639:
619:
599:
579:
559:
539:
519:
499:
479:
459:
439:
419:
399:
243:Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
56:
4876:2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting
4181:Saiz, Rodrigo (12 March 2024).
4028:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3478:. 15 March 2016. Archived from
3362:. 17 March 2004. Archived from
3295:Francie Grace (11 March 2004).
3241:Francie Grace (15 March 2004).
3070:Jason Burke (24 October 2010).
2981:Mohamed Darif (30 March 2004).
2920:Francie Grace (11 March 2004).
2685:. 14 December 2004 – via
2631:"France raises alert to orange"
1191:Trium) as a timer, requiring a
209:Cercanías commuter train system
4934:2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
4738:Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack
4425:Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe
4000:"List of sentenced defendants"
3579:Las detenciones de los hindúes
3297:"Madrid Massacre Probe Widens"
3151:Dore Gold (14 December 2011).
1812:. 9 March 2006. Archived from
1479:, and U.S. Secretary of State
1268:These theories speculate that
1223:where the four terrorists died
1073:they have adopted up to now".
1010:Allegations of ETA involvement
994:Former Spanish Prime Minister
967:Mohamed Darif, a professor of
1:
5018:2015 Saint-Denis, France raid
4803:Carcassonne and Trèbes attack
3949:. Datadiar.tv. Archived from
3934:The Madrid bombing trial blog
3270:"Madrid bombings: Defendants"
3024:. London, UK. 31 October 2007
2792:. 2 July 2008. Archived from
1233:Grupo Especial de Operaciones
1004:Libyan Islamic Fighting Group
40:Part of the spillover of the
18:March 11, 2004 Madrid attacks
4972:Opération Sentinelle, France
3691:Los agujeros negros del 11-M
3619:"A Strike at Europe's Heart"
3577:6. Las primeras detenciones
3230:(in Spanish). 11 March 2004.
2530:Goodman, Al (4 April 2004).
2245:. London, UK. Archived from
1642:(in Spanish). 11 April 2006.
1607:21 July 2005 London bombings
1554:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
1451:Memorial service for victims
1292:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
926:, a purported spokesman for
859:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
816:José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero
384:Citizenships of the victims
375:vacate platform 2 in Atocha.
333:improvised explosive devices
233:2003 US-led invasion of Iraq
114:Madrid commuter rail network
5199:Attacks in which Poles died
4788:2017 Champs-Élysées ramming
4768:2016 Normandy church attack
4663:August 2017 Brussels attack
4559:2019 London Bridge stabbing
4554:Parsons Green train bombing
4494:2017 Stockholm truck attack
4356:Islamic terrorism in Europe
1602:7 July 2005 London bombings
1374:Audiencia Nacional of Spain
50:Islamic terrorism in Europe
5245:
5229:Opposition to the Iraq War
5179:March 2004 events in Spain
5164:Islamic terrorism in Spain
5114:2004 Madrid train bombings
5023:2017 Saint Petersburg raid
5013:2016 Brussels police raids
4939:2019 Utrecht tram shooting
4853:2023 Arras school stabbing
4833:2020 Paris stabbing attack
4778:2017 Champs-Élysées attack
4716:2015 Île-de-France attacks
4599:2004 Madrid train bombings
4283:2004 Madrid train bombings
2704:, "El País", 2005 March 10
2399:. Spain. 31 October 2007.
2339:. Spain. 31 October 2007.
1459:. It was attended by King
1439:
1413:
950:Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades
826:
735:
715:
695:
675:
655:
635:
615:
595:
575:
555:
535:
515:
495:
475:
455:
435:
415:
395:
201:2004 Madrid train bombings
178:and five other individuals
35:2004 Madrid train bombings
4906:2020 Dresden knife attack
4901:2017 Hamburg knife attack
4758:2016 Magnanville stabbing
4658:June 2017 Brussels attack
4549:2017 London Bridge attack
4489:2015 Copenhagen shootings
4405:Brussels ISIL terror cell
4289:
2897:. Pbs.org. Archived from
2581:"Madrid bombing suspects"
1168:trademarks, although the
1097:between 7:00 and 7:10. A
221:Spain's general elections
55:
39:
5209:Train bombings in Europe
4896:2016 Berlin truck attack
4848:Rambouillet knife attack
4773:2017 Orly Airport attack
4743:2015 Thalys train attack
4544:Manchester Arena bombing
2046:19 November 2018 at the
2041:Universidad de La Laguna
1981:23 November 2008 at the
1372:On 31 October 2007, the
1116:The provincial chief of
295:tried Moroccan national
203:(also known in Spain as
5214:2004 disasters in Spain
4929:Murder of Theo van Gogh
4808:2018 Paris knife attack
4798:2017 Marseille stabbing
4793:Levallois-Perret attack
4564:2020 Streatham stabbing
4539:2017 Westminster attack
4484:2010 Stockholm bombings
4468:Crocus City Hall attack
4095:12 October 2007 at the
4045:12 October 2007 at the
3102:10 October 2006 at the
2050:; accessed 1 June 2018.
1528:Atocha station memorial
1277:Invasion of Iraq policy
5119:2004 in rail transport
4982:Operation Temperer, UK
4911:2024 Mannheim stabbing
4813:2018 Strasbourg attack
4783:2017 Notre Dame attack
4763:2016 Nice truck attack
4721:Charlie Hebdo shooting
4706:2013 La Défense attack
4691:Air France Flight 8969
4673:2023 Brussels shooting
4643:2016 Brussels bombings
4604:2017 Barcelona attacks
4594:2003 Istanbul bombings
4569:2020 Reading stabbings
4529:Glasgow Airport attack
3733:(Abrahms 2007, p. 186)
2141:"José García-Montalvo"
1885:Cite journal requires
1224:
1019:
919:
847:
845:who came to their aid.
779:
316:
147:Backpacks filled with
87:; 20 years ago
5189:Mass murder in Madrid
5124:2004 murders in Spain
4886:Würzburg train attack
4838:Murder of Samuel Paty
4574:Murder of David Amess
4170:. CNN. 13 March 2004.
4080:(Reinares, 2009, 371)
4070:on 25 September 2007.
3607:(Reinares, 2009, 377)
3394:28 April 2006 at the
1831:"Islam and terrorism"
1786:on 13 November 2013.
1656:ZoomNews (in Spanish)
1544:Forest of Remembrance
1218:
1017:
924:Abu Dujana al-Afghani
910:
836:
777:
314:
5056:40.40667°N 3.68944°W
4891:2016 Ansbach bombing
4524:2005 London bombings
3829:Agence France-Presse
3212:on 15 December 2010.
3190:on 15 December 2010.
2493:on 11 February 2007.
2178:10.1162/REST_a_00115
2097:"El Periódico – 11M"
2079:"El Periódico – 11M"
2061:"El Periódico – 11M"
1870:Jamestown Foundation
1748:. UK. Archived from
1475:, German chancellor
1227:On 3 April 2004, in
1219:Damaged building in
973:Hassan II University
875:On 27 May 2005, the
866:11 September attacks
279:José García Montalvo
267:September 11 attacks
5184:Mass murder in 2004
5052: /
4534:Murder of Lee Rigby
4370:Terrorism in Europe
4146:"Spanish Terrogate"
3953:on 16 February 2007
3745:"Across the Divide"
3655:23 May 2008 at the
3631:on 15 December 2011
3430:on 9 December 2008.
3359:The Washington Post
3202:"cable 04MADRID893"
3180:"cable 04MADRID827"
3122:(9 December 2011).
2743:on 5 December 2008.
2249:on 24 February 2007
1939:on 16 December 2004
1915:on 6 December 2008.
1581:2000 Madrid bombing
1471:, French president
1308:Armed Islamic Group
1243:Conspiracy theories
1211:Suicide of suspects
1139:In March 2007, the
1105:, audio tapes with
1047:Juan José Ibarretxe
937:and Spanish police
888:On 4 January 2007,
385:
5194:Massacres in Spain
5061:40.40667; -3.68944
4843:2020 Nice stabbing
4748:2015 Paris attacks
4733:2015 Nice stabbing
4620:2020 Vienna attack
4504:2022 Oslo shooting
4385:Islam and violence
4214:The New York Times
4150:nationalreview.com
3818:, 20 February 2007
3800:, 15 February 2007
3482:on 12 October 2007
3366:on 8 February 2011
3158:The Jerusalem Post
2901:on 21 January 2011
2619:on 2 January 2007.
2468:. 30 October 2007.
2429:on 5 October 2006.
1457:Almudena Cathedral
1257:newspaper and the
1225:
1175:Two bombs, one in
1020:
1000:Abdelhakim Belhadj
998:said in 2011 that
922:On 14 March 2004,
920:
857:In December 2004,
848:
780:
547:Dominican Republic
383:
317:
263:Spanish Parliament
85:11 March 2004
46:terrorism in Spain
5174:March 2004 crimes
5035:
5034:
5031:
5030:
5008:Brussels lockdown
4951:
4950:
4947:
4946:
4858:2023 Paris attack
4818:2019 Lyon bombing
4726:Hypercacher siege
4668:2018 Liège attack
4582:
4581:
4499:2017 Turku attack
4410:Cannes-Torcy cell
4380:Islamic extremism
4375:Islamic terrorism
4322:
4321:
4237:BBC News In Depth
3755:on 20 August 2008
3712:4 September 2009.
2637:. 12 March 2004.
2511:on 7 October 2008
2103:on 18 April 2009.
2085:on 18 April 2009.
2067:on 18 April 2009.
1095:Alcalá de Henares
1053:groups, with the
1032:general elections
969:political science
792:initiation system
760:Pan Am Flight 103
748:
747:
359:was found by the
325:Alcalá de Henares
251:general elections
197:
196:
97:7:37 – 7:40
16:(Redirected from
5236:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5067:
5066:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5045:
4962:
4881:Hanover stabbing
4626:
4510:
4448:
4349:
4342:
4335:
4326:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4253:
4225:
4224:
4222:
4220:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4099:
4087:
4081:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4056:
4050:
4037:
4031:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3925:
3924:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3841:
3835:
3825:
3819:
3807:
3801:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3751:. Archived from
3740:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3703:
3697:
3688:
3682:
3679:Internet Archive
3674:The Spain Herald
3666:
3660:
3659:(Open Democracy)
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3627:. Archived from
3614:
3608:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3587:
3581:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3468:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3457:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3373:
3371:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3266:
3260:
3259:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3208:. Archived from
3198:
3192:
3191:
3186:. Archived from
3176:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3120:José María Aznar
3116:
3110:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3014:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2995:on 27 March 2009
2994:
2987:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:
2928:. Archived from
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2855:
2846:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2762:. Archived from
2760:Diario Siglo XXI
2751:
2745:
2744:
2739:. Archived from
2729:
2723:
2722:, 4 January 2007
2711:
2705:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2667:on 19 July 2006.
2663:. Archived from
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2577:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2489:. Archived from
2479:
2470:
2469:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2440:
2431:
2430:
2425:. Archived from
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2223:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2171:
2162:(4): 1146–1154.
2151:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2099:. Archived from
2093:
2087:
2086:
2081:. Archived from
2075:
2069:
2068:
2063:. Archived from
2057:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2030:, 29 March 2003.
2024:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1991:
1985:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1932:. Archived from
1931:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1883:
1881:
1873:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1827:
1818:
1817:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1735:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1668:
1659:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1630:
1533:Brandon Mayfield
1517:
1512:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1477:Gerhard Schröder
1426:Libertad Digital
1024:José María Aznar
1002:, leader of the
996:José María Aznar
729:
725:
723:
722:
709:
705:
703:
702:
689:
685:
683:
682:
669:
665:
663:
662:
649:
645:
643:
642:
629:
625:
623:
622:
609:
605:
603:
602:
589:
585:
583:
582:
569:
565:
563:
562:
549:
545:
543:
542:
529:
525:
523:
522:
509:
505:
503:
502:
489:
485:
483:
482:
469:
465:
463:
462:
449:
445:
443:
442:
429:
425:
423:
422:
409:
405:
403:
402:
386:
287:
255:José María Aznar
225:terrorist attack
192:Afghanistan Wars
95:
93:
88:
60:
32:
21:
5244:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5235:
5234:
5233:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5090:
5080:
5078:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5054:
5051:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5039:
5038:
5036:
5027:
4986:
4957:
4943:
4915:
4862:
4677:
4624:
4608:
4578:
4515:
4508:
4472:
4439:
4435:Salafi jihadism
4358:
4353:
4323:
4318:
4285:
4280:
4233:
4228:
4218:
4216:
4207:
4206:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4161:
4154:National Review
4144:
4143:
4139:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4097:Wayback Machine
4088:
4084:
4079:
4075:
4058:
4057:
4053:
4047:Wayback Machine
4038:
4034:
4023:
4019:
4009:
4007:
3997:
3996:
3992:
3982:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3956:
3954:
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3932:
3928:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3897:
3896:
3892:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3826:
3822:
3808:
3804:
3790:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3720:
3716:
3704:
3700:
3689:
3685:
3667:
3663:
3657:Wayback Machine
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3589:
3588:
3584:
3573:
3569:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3508:on 15 July 2012
3500:
3499:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3455:
3453:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3401:
3396:Wayback Machine
3383:
3379:
3369:
3367:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3268:
3267:
3263:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3163:
3161:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3133:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3104:Wayback Machine
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3042:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3016:
3015:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2992:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2935:
2933:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2875:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2839:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2822:. 14 March 2004
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2796:on 19 July 2011
2784:
2783:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2766:on 10 July 2011
2753:
2752:
2748:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2712:
2708:
2698:
2694:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2590:
2588:
2587:. 10 March 2005
2579:
2578:
2571:
2561:
2559:
2558:. 14 April 2004
2548:
2547:
2543:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2481:
2480:
2473:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2406:
2404:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2346:
2344:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2316:
2314:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2252:
2250:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2221:
2219:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2169:10.1.1.717.8240
2153:
2152:
2148:
2143:. 30 June 2015.
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2108:
2095:
2094:
2090:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2048:Wayback Machine
2038:
2034:
2025:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1983:Wayback Machine
1973:
1966:
1949:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1929:
1927:"Archived copy"
1925:
1924:
1920:
1909:The Independent
1903:
1902:
1898:
1884:
1874:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1844:
1842:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1755:
1753:
1745:The Independent
1737:
1736:
1725:
1718:
1710:. p. 197.
1708:Great Disasters
1705:
1704:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1647:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1572:
1524:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1418:
1412:
1383:
1300:
1288:Socialist Party
1279:
1247:Sectors of the
1245:
1213:
1179:and another in
1170:Daily Telegraph
1162:The Independent
1150:
1083:
1012:
957:The Independent
905:
879:, implementing
877:Prüm Convention
850:In France, the
842:
831:
825:
772:
720:
718:
717:
700:
698:
697:
680:
678:
677:
660:
658:
657:
640:
638:
637:
620:
618:
617:
600:
598:
597:
580:
578:
577:
560:
558:
557:
540:
538:
537:
520:
518:
517:
500:
498:
497:
480:
478:
477:
460:
458:
457:
440:
438:
437:
420:
418:
417:
400:
398:
397:
309:
281:
247:Partido Popular
245:(PSOE) and the
126:
96:
91:
89:
86:
66:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5242:
5240:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5129:2004 in Madrid
5126:
5121:
5116:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5100:
5088:
5033:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5026:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4994:
4992:
4988:
4987:
4985:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4968:
4966:
4959:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4872:
4870:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4687:
4685:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4634:
4632:
4623:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4580:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4366:
4364:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4329:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4279:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4256:
4250:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4232:
4231:External links
4229:
4227:
4226:
4200:
4173:
4159:
4137:
4118:
4100:
4082:
4073:
4051:
4032:
4017:
3990:
3964:
3938:
3926:
3921:www.elmundo.es
3908:
3903:www.elmundo.es
3890:
3885:www.elmundo.es
3872:
3867:www.elmundo.es
3854:
3849:www.elmundo.es
3836:
3820:
3802:
3784:
3779:www.elmundo.es
3766:
3735:
3726:
3714:
3698:
3683:
3661:
3642:
3609:
3600:
3595:www.elmundo.es
3582:
3567:
3562:www.elmundo.es
3549:
3544:www.elmundo.es
3531:
3519:
3493:
3463:
3433:
3411:
3399:
3377:
3345:
3318:
3287:
3276:. 17 July 2008
3261:
3233:
3215:
3193:
3171:
3143:
3111:
3089:
3062:
3035:
3006:
2973:
2943:
2932:on 24 May 2011
2912:
2886:
2881:www.elmundo.es
2868:
2863:www.elmundo.es
2847:
2833:
2807:
2777:
2746:
2737:Metronieuws.nl
2724:
2706:
2692:
2670:
2652:
2622:
2598:
2569:
2541:
2522:
2496:
2487:The New Yorker
2471:
2453:
2448:www.elmundo.es
2432:
2414:
2384:
2354:
2324:
2294:
2263:
2229:
2199:
2146:
2132:
2121:on 6 June 2011
2106:
2088:
2070:
2052:
2032:
2016:
1986:
1964:
1918:
1896:
1887:|journal=
1852:
1819:
1792:
1767:
1752:on 6 July 2008
1723:
1716:
1691:
1660:
1645:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1583:
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1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1504:
1488:
1485:
1473:Jacques Chirac
1452:
1449:
1440:Main article:
1437:
1434:
1414:Main article:
1411:
1408:
1382:
1379:
1299:
1296:
1278:
1275:
1249:People's Party
1244:
1241:
1212:
1209:
1149:
1146:
1099:Renault Kangoo
1082:
1079:
1071:modus operandi
1011:
1008:
904:
903:Responsibility
901:
824:
821:
771:
768:
746:
745:
740:
734:
733:
730:
714:
713:
710:
694:
693:
690:
674:
673:
670:
654:
653:
650:
634:
633:
630:
614:
613:
610:
594:
593:
590:
574:
573:
570:
554:
553:
550:
534:
533:
530:
514:
513:
510:
494:
493:
490:
474:
473:
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2023:
2021:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:, pp. 12–13.
1976:
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1935:
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1717:9781445410968
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1515:Trains portal
1510:
1505:
1502:
1491:
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1470:
1466:
1462:
1461:Juan Carlos I
1458:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1410:Controversies
1409:
1407:
1405:
1404:Guardia Civil
1400:
1399:Guardia Civil
1394:
1391:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1363:hunger strike
1359:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1333:According to
1331:
1329:
1326:informers in
1325:
1324:Guardia Civil
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Juan del Olmo
1297:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1284:Popular Party
1276:
1274:
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1250:
1242:
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1236:
1234:
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1204:Guardia Civil
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1137:
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1127:
1123:
1122:bomb disposal
1119:
1114:
1112:
1108:
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1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:Investigation
1080:
1078:
1074:
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1038:
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985:
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978:
974:
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965:
963:
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953:
951:
946:
944:
943:Juan del Olmo
940:
936:
935:Guardia Civil
931:
929:
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338:
337:Bomb disposal
334:
330:
326:
322:
313:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
293:Juan del Olmo
289:
285:
280:
277:by economist
276:
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73:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
5037:
4598:
4294:Jamal Zougam
4282:
4217:. Retrieved
4213:
4203:
4191:. Retrieved
4189:(in Spanish)
4186:
4176:
4162:
4149:
4140:
4132:The Guardian
4131:
4121:
4112:
4103:
4085:
4076:
4068:the original
4063:
4054:
4035:
4020:
4008:. Retrieved
4006:. London, UK
4004:The Guardian
4003:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3977:
3967:
3955:. Retrieved
3951:the original
3941:
3936:Madrid11.net
3929:
3920:
3911:
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3884:
3875:
3866:
3857:
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3778:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3753:the original
3748:
3738:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3701:
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3672:
3664:
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:the original
3622:
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3603:
3594:
3585:
3578:
3570:
3561:
3552:
3543:
3534:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:the original
3496:
3484:. Retrieved
3480:the original
3475:
3466:
3454:. Retrieved
3445:
3436:
3428:the original
3423:
3414:
3402:
3380:
3368:. Retrieved
3364:the original
3357:
3348:
3336:. Retrieved
3334:. London, UK
3332:The Guardian
3331:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3300:
3290:
3278:. Retrieved
3273:
3264:
3256:
3246:
3236:
3227:
3218:
3210:the original
3205:
3196:
3188:the original
3183:
3174:
3162:. Retrieved
3156:
3146:
3134:. Retrieved
3127:
3114:
3107:
3092:
3080:. Retrieved
3078:. London, UK
3076:The Guardian
3075:
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3049:The Guardian
3048:
3038:
3026:. Retrieved
3022:The Guardian
3021:
2997:. Retrieved
2990:the original
2976:
2964:. Retrieved
2955:
2946:
2934:. Retrieved
2930:the original
2925:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:the original
2889:
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2871:
2862:
2836:
2824:. Retrieved
2819:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2794:the original
2780:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:the original
2749:
2741:the original
2736:
2733:"Voorpagina"
2727:
2716:
2709:
2700:
2695:
2683:The Guardian
2682:
2673:
2665:the original
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2634:
2625:
2617:the original
2610:
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2584:
2560:. Retrieved
2553:
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2509:the original
2499:
2491:the original
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2447:
2427:the original
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2396:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
2357:
2345:. Retrieved
2336:
2327:
2315:. Retrieved
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2276:
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2258:
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2247:the original
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2211:
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2119:the original
2109:
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2091:
2083:the original
2073:
2065:the original
2055:
2035:
2007:. Retrieved
1998:
1989:
1941:. Retrieved
1934:the original
1921:
1913:the original
1908:
1899:
1878:cite journal
1865:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1809:Toronto Star
1807:
1787:
1784:the original
1770:
1761:
1754:. Retrieved
1750:the original
1743:
1707:
1682:. Retrieved
1678:The Guardian
1676:
1637:
1501:Spain portal
1481:Colin Powell
1454:
1445:
1430:
1421:
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1395:
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1109:verses, and
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993:
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843:
809:
807:
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796:
781:
752:1987 bombing
749:
742:
737:
378:
345:
320:
318:
315:Bombings map
297:Jamal Zougam
290:
274:
271:
237:
204:
200:
198:
176:Jamal Zougam
172:Perpetrators
134:time bombing
29:
5059: /
4921:Netherlands
4299:Osman Rabei
4187:elDiario.es
3164:22 December
3136:22 December
2999:16 February
2800:1 September
2770:1 September
2253:16 February
1943:16 December
1756:16 February
1684:22 February
1564:Rabei Osman
1355:Scott Atran
1111:cell phones
1044:lehendakari
984:Scott Atran
870:qabbalistic
707:Philippines
389:Citizenship
307:Description
282: [
130:Mass murder
125:Attack type
5108:Categories
5044:40°24′24″N
4965:Operations
4304:Detentions
3983:31 October
3833:MyWire.com
3131:Guest Blog
2826:18 January
2591:31 October
2466:ABC España
2028:Clarin.com
1618:References
1469:Tony Blair
1388:informants
1189:Mitsubishi
1103:detonators
1026:involving
977:Mohammedia
939:informants
882:inter alia
852:Vigipirate
827:See also:
229:since 1988
151:explosives
92:2004-03-11
5047:3°41′22″W
4958:terrorism
4430:Lone wolf
4219:27 August
3206:WikiLeaks
3184:WikiLeaks
2958:. Spain.
2841:The Times
2369:. Spain.
2309:. Spain.
2243:The Times
2214:. Spain.
2164:CiteSeerX
2001:. Spain.
1436:Reactions
1290:, led by
1197:Pakistani
1091:ski masks
1087:backpacks
962:Jalalabad
917:Lanzarote
823:Aftermath
764:Lockerbie
321:cercanías
138:terrorism
118:civilians
103:UTC+01:00
4956:Counter-
4390:Jihadism
4193:22 March
4113:El Mundo
4093:Archived
4090:El Mundo
4043:Archived
3815:El Mundo
3710:Archived
3694:El Mundo
3653:Archived
3486:4 August
3450:Archived
3446:El Mundo
3392:Archived
3305:Archived
3301:CBS News
3274:BBC News
3253:Archived
3248:CBS News
3100:Archived
3051:. Madrid
2960:Archived
2956:El Mundo
2926:CBS News
2820:BBC News
2639:Archived
2635:BBC News
2585:BBC News
2555:BBC News
2401:Archived
2397:El Mundo
2371:Archived
2367:El Mundo
2341:Archived
2337:El Mundo
2311:Archived
2307:El Mundo
2281:Archived
2216:Archived
2212:El Mundo
2194:57571182
2186:41349103
2044:Archived
2003:Archived
1999:El Mundo
1979:Archived
1953:cite web
1839:Archived
1639:El Mundo
1487:See also
1463:, Queen
1424:and the
1422:El Mundo
1350:El Mundo
1346:El Mundo
1335:El Mundo
1328:Asturias
1254:El Mundo
1155:shrapnel
1134:Titadine
1107:Qur'anic
1063:al-Qaeda
1051:Islamist
928:al-Qaeda
567:Honduras
527:Colombia
467:Bulgaria
392:Victims
327:and the
301:al-Qaeda
71:Location
42:Iraq War
5072:Portals
4868:Germany
4630:Belgium
4516:Kingdom
4444:Attacks
4363:General
3978:Reuters
3797:El País
3722:El País
2720:El País
2714:El País
2687:El País
2277:Reuters
1780:KABC-TV
1342:El País
1316:hashish
1310:or the
1229:Leganés
1221:Leganés
1181:El Pozo
1067:Europol
891:El País
799:Leganés
727:Senegal
607:Ukraine
587:Morocco
447:Ecuador
427:Romania
364:manner.
339:teams (
164:Injured
144:Weapons
90: (
77:, Spain
5098:Europe
4683:France
4514:United
3472:"News"
2790:ADN.es
2192:
2184:
2166:
1714:
1320:Goma-2
1302:Judge
1177:Atocha
839:Madrid
784:Goma-2
724:
704:
684:
664:
647:Brazil
644:
627:France
624:
604:
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564:
544:
524:
507:Poland
504:
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464:
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424:
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329:Atocha
213:Madrid
183:Motive
156:Deaths
149:Goma-2
110:Target
75:Madrid
5086:Spain
4991:Raids
4587:South
4477:North
4010:5 May
3957:5 May
3759:5 May
3635:5 May
3512:5 May
3456:5 May
3388:TEDAX
3370:5 May
3338:5 May
3311:5 May
3280:5 May
3082:5 May
3055:5 May
3028:5 May
2993:(PDF)
2986:(PDF)
2966:5 May
2936:5 May
2905:5 May
2645:5 May
2562:5 May
2515:5 May
2407:5 May
2377:5 May
2347:5 May
2317:5 May
2287:5 May
2222:5 May
2190:S2CID
2182:JSTOR
2125:5 May
2009:5 May
1937:(PDF)
1930:(PDF)
1868:(5).
1845:5 May
1570:Other
1465:Sofía
1298:Trial
1185:TEDAX
1141:TEDAX
1120:(the
1118:TEDAX
913:Haría
762:over
738:Total
667:Chile
407:Spain
361:TEDAX
354:+1):
341:TEDAX
286:]
217:Spain
167:2,050
4613:West
4451:East
4221:2020
4195:2024
4012:2011
3985:2007
3959:2011
3761:2011
3749:Time
3637:2011
3624:Time
3514:2011
3488:2021
3458:2011
3372:2011
3340:2011
3313:2011
3282:2011
3166:2011
3138:2011
3129:CNBC
3084:2011
3057:2011
3030:2011
3001:2010
2968:2011
2938:2011
2907:2011
2828:2008
2802:2009
2772:2009
2647:2011
2593:2007
2564:2011
2517:2011
2409:2011
2379:2011
2349:2011
2319:2011
2289:2011
2255:2010
2224:2011
2127:2011
2011:2011
1959:link
1945:2004
1891:help
1847:2011
1758:2010
1712:ISBN
1686:2015
1259:COPE
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687:Cuba
487:Peru
412:142
199:The
190:and
188:Iraq
82:Date
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4064:ABC
3424:ABC
3385:Los
3228:ABC
3097:PDF
2612:ABC
2536:CNN
2174:doi
1270:ETA
1193:SIM
1166:ETA
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1128:or
1037:ABC
1028:ETA
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