173:
Town-bull of Ely." Although he was responsible for the majority of issues, this particular newsbook was notable for the number of counterfeits that it inspired, with as many as 17 different versions available at various times. While some would have been created to trade off the name of the original to make money, there seems to be disagreement as to who owned the "true"
395:
Nedham's later reputation was coloured by the apparent cynicism and opportunism of his wavering allegiances, and by hostility towards his republicanism from subsequent generations of
English critics. Yet even some hostile critics have conceded his literary talent and his influence. Sympathetic modern
335:
the design of this pamphlet being to undeceive the people, it must be written in a jocular way, or else it will never be cried up: for those truths which the multitude regard not in a serious dress, being represented in pleasing popular airs, make music to the common sense, and charm the fancy, which
279:
Nedham was notable as an advocate of the commercial interests of emerging capitalism in preference to the pillars of the older order. In 1652, he wrote that commercial interest "is the true zenith of every state and person...though clothed never so much with the specious disguise of religion, justice
172:
opened each issue with a satirical poem directed at various parliamentary figures and is notable for the quality of its sources. Nedham certainly didn't tone down any of the scandalous nature of his personal attacks, referring to
Cromwell at various points as "Copper- Nose," "Nose Almighty," and "The
340:
Nedham used mockery, satire and a biting wit to attack his enemies and generate as much controversy as possible. He believed that a popular audience needed to have humour in addition to the more serious business of news. Propaganda would only be effective with a large circulation. He often invokes
210:
regime (Nedham received a government payment of £50 in May 1650, probably to start this venture). This third Nedham weekly began in June 1650, on a light note: "Why should not the
Commonwealth have a Fool as well as the King had?" — but soon settled into a more serious vein as a voice of the
177:. It seems that some fellow royalists had never really accepted that Nedham had changed sides in good faith, calling him a "turne-coat and inveterate enemy to the late king." In this way they attempted to remove him from the paper.
319:. The motive for these seems to have been simply money; but he used the occasion to renew his attacks on Presbyterianism, and his final pamphlet before his death in 1678, a call for war against the French, was probably sincere.
252:
and, like others, called for a return to more republican ideals. The newspaper was widely read in
England and Europe amongst exiles and Europeans alike. Another significant innovation was the inclusion of regular advertising.
312:, while supporting Charles I during the late 1640s. He retired from political pamphleteering and worked as a doctor, although he did not entirely avoid publishing, producing two pamphlets on education and medicine.
361:
Nedham's political reversals were depicted as dishonest; but he seems to have regarded religious toleration, usually advocated by the king's party, as the best way to cure the political problems of the times.
353:
to compare the motivations for each side's actions and predicting the ensuing political climate. He pioneered this kind of analysis of an ongoing event and used it to determine his own stance
248:
also softened, with a greater emphasis on the merit of a stable state. This did not mean that he did not on occasion criticise some of the conservative and authoritarian aspects of
Cromwell's
118:
was originally edited by
Captain Thomas Audley, but it has been suggested that Nedham was responsible for the content much earlier, as the style changed little when he took over in May 1644.
215:: that "the Sword is, and ever hath been, the Foundation of all Titles to Government", and that it was hardly likely that the Commonwealth's adversaries would ever succeed in their designs.
49:
A "highly productive propagandist", he was significant in the evolution of early
English journalism, and has been strikingly (if hyperbolically) called the "press agent" of Lord Protector
138:
was a significant propaganda coup for the parliamentary forces. However, when Nedham began to launch attacks on the personality of the king and mock his stammer he drew censure from the
754:
A defence of the constitutions of government of the United States of
America: against the attack of M. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price, dated the twenty-second day of March, 1778
240:
With the royalist faction suppressed or in exile abroad, Nedham turned away from his previous scurrilous reporting and aimed to educate his readers in political principles of
888:
276:. Milton, as a secretary to the Council of State in the early 1650s, would have overseen Nedham's publishing activity; later, the two men reportedly became personal friends.
893:
316:
308:, but was able to return to England after obtaining a pardon (allegedly purchased with a bribe). Nedham helped his case by re-printing some poems, written in
229:. In 1655 Cromwell rewarded Nedham with an official post, so that Nedham was then perceived as a spokesman for the regime, albeit under the editorial aegis of
923:
908:
142:
from members who felt he had gone too far. When Nedham again attacked the king during delicate negotiations with the Scots in May 1646, he was sent to the
200:
in June 1649; he gained his release in
November by switching sides again. The result was perhaps his most significant enterprise, the weekly periodical
918:
168:, starting in September 1647 and continuing for two years. It has been claimed as "one of the wittier and less ephemeral" of the "Cavalier weeklies".
74:
883:
164:, and gained a royal pardon. Despite his history of writing parliamentary propaganda, he was commissioned to print a Royalist periodical,
450:
Baldwin, Geoff (2000), "The 'public' as a rhetorical community in early modern
England", in Shepard, Alexandra; Withington, Phil (eds.),
65:, Oxfordshire, after his father's death. His stepfather was the vicar of Burford and teacher at the local school. He was educated at
878:
791:
492:
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150:. Upon his release he was banned from publishing but probably authored some of the many anonymous pamphlets around at the time.
726:
703:
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315:
One final foray into the field of political writings came in the mid-1670s when he wrote several pamphlets attacking the
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366:, and the Scots in general, he attacked at almost every opportunity. His writing continued to be influential among the
757:(The third ed.). Philadelphia: Printed by Budd and Bartram, for William Cobbett, opposite Christ Church. p.
244:
and republicanism. As the early radicalism of the Commonwealth began to wane, the revolutionary ideas expressed in
265:
202:
66:
373:
In the 18th century, Nedham's theories of republicanism were severely criticised by American Founding Father
345:
as an ideal model for a government without a monarch. Later, he would also use the self-interest theories of
256:
Nedham was associated with a set of influential republican writers of his generation, a circle that included
269:
261:
211:
republican movement of the day. He rested the case for the Commonwealth on arguments similar to those of
126:
often refuting the royalist title point for point. Nedham also personalised the debate, declaring that
384:
In the next century, Nedham's name was used as a pseudonym by other republican political writers; both
807:
903:
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161:
131:
130:
was "So full of lying and railing, that I think he is afflicted by all the pimp." The publication of
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301:
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continued for the next decade, the term of the Commonwealth era, under alternative titles like the
758:
561:
673:
Representation and Misrepresentation in Later Stuart Britain: Partisanship and Political Culture
787:
722:
488:
106:
104:
espousing the parliamentary politics of the era, mainly written as a response to the royalist
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43:
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50:
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17:
781:
741:
Hill, Christopher, The Experience of Defeat (1984), London: Faber and Faber, p20
617:
579:
Anon (8 May 1649). "Mercurius Pragmaticus for King Charles II" – via EBBO.
544:
Anthony, H. Sylvia (October–December 1966), "Mercurius Politicus under Milton",
350:
281:
273:
39:
853:
327:
Nedham's particular style and philosophy can be summarised by his proposal for
396:
commentator Paul Rahe has called Nedham "the world's first great journalist".
385:
374:
783:
Central Ideas in the Development of American Journalism: A Narrative History
719:
Cromwell's press agent: A critical biography of Marchamont Nedham, 1620–1678
379:
A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America
304:
of the monarchy and when the king returned he went into hiding, possibly in
193:
766:
467:
Cromwell's Press Agent: A Critical Biography of Marchmont Nedham, 1620–78
241:
101:
565:
305:
62:
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who wrote official news and propaganda for both sides of the conflict.
751:
Copley, John Singleton; Smither, James; Adams, John (1 January 1797).
212:
684:
682:
557:
704:"ProQuest | Better research, better learning, better insights"
690:"ProQuest | Better research, better learning, better insights"
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ever sways the sceptre in vulgar judgement, much more than reason.
842:
Raymond, Joad (2004). "Nedham , Marchamont (bap. 1620, d. 1678)".
61:
Nedham was raised by his mother, the innkeeper of The George Inn,
604:
The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal
280:
and necessity". Consistent with this outlook, Nedham translated
392:
published pieces signed "Marchmont Nedham" in the early 1770s.
452:
Communities in Early Modern England: Networks, Place, Rhetoric
533:
Nedham, Marchamont (10 October 1643). "Mercurius Britanicus".
485:
The Oxford Handbook of Literature and The English Revolution
300:
Nedham predicted and wrote pamphlets agitating against the
96:
Nedham came to prominence in 1643 when he began working on
122:
was more overtly polemical and savage than the satirical
721:. Lantham, MD: University Press of America. p. 90.
667:
The Case Stated Between England and the United Provinces
38:(1620 – November 1678), was a journalist, publisher and
606:, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, p. 82
645:, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998; p. 71.
196:in the Civil War led to Nedham's incarceration in
134:'s personal letters which were captured after the
160:Reportedly Nedham obtained an audience with King
430:A Discourse Concerning Schools and Schoolmasters
412:The Case of the Commonwealth of England Stated
81:. He also studied medicine and pharmacology.
8:
848:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
808:"Wayback Machine has not archived that URL"
643:Drama and Politics in the English Civil War
889:17th-century newspaper publishers (people)
835:The Oxford Companion to English Literature
454:, Manchester University Press, p. 207
73:. After college he became an usher at the
469:, Lanham, MD: University Press of America
894:17th-century English publishers (people)
424:A Short History of the English Rebellion
845:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
654:
589:
442:
290:Of the Dominion or Ownership of the Sea
675:, Oxford University Press, p. 351
206:, which he used as a platform for the
7:
478:
476:
924:17th-century English businesspeople
909:Alumni of All Souls College, Oxford
837:. London: Oxford University Press.
780:Olasky, Marvin N. (16 July 2015).
25:
919:English male non-fiction writers
509:"Biography of Marchamont Nedham"
546:Journal of the History of Ideas
418:The Excellencie of a Free-State
1:
862:UK public library membership
487:. Oxford: OUP. p. 375.
884:English non-fiction writers
618:"Biography of John Thurloe"
377:in the third volume of his
940:
833:Drabble, Margaret (1997).
818:– via Find Articles.
786:. Routledge. p. 46.
879:English male journalists
483:Knoppers, Laura (2012).
400:Selected works by Nedham
75:Merchant Taylors' School
854:10.1093/ref:odnb/19847
671:Knights, Mark (2005),
465:Frank, Joseph (1980),
406:The Levellers Levell'd
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77:, and then a clerk at
602:Franklin, J. (2001),
333:
310:Mercurius Pragmaticus
166:Mercurius Pragmaticus
155:Mercurius Pragmaticus
357:Character assessment
347:Henri, Duke of Rohan
227:Public Intelligencer
98:Mercurius Britanicus
91:Mercurius Britanicus
914:People from Burford
329:Mercurius Politicus
317:Earl of Shaftesbury
223:Public Intelligence
203:Mercurius Politicus
192:The triumph of the
187:Mercurius Politicus
343:The Roman Republic
146:for two weeks for
18:Marchamont Needham
860:(Subscription or
717:Frank, J (1980).
657:, pp. 593–4.
592:, pp. 595–6.
390:Josiah Quincy Jr.
107:Mercurius Aulicus
71:Oxford University
67:All Souls College
44:English Civil War
28:Marchamont Nedham
16:(Redirected from
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904:1678 deaths
899:1620 births
569:see p. 595.
381:(1787–88).
351:Machiavelli
302:restoration
296:Restoration
282:John Selden
274:John Milton
181:Interregnum
175:Pragmaticus
170:Pragmaticus
100:, a weekly
42:during the
40:pamphleteer
873:Categories
864:required.)
827:References
728:0819111937
627:3 February
518:3 February
386:John Adams
375:John Adams
288:(1636) as
120:Britanicus
116:Britanicus
79:Gray's Inn
57:Early life
246:Politicus
219:Politicus
162:Charles I
132:Charles I
85:Civil War
32:Marchmont
767:7065581M
331:in 1650:
292:(1652).
242:humanism
235:Cromwell
124:Aulicus;
102:newsbook
566:2708343
306:Holland
128:Aulicus
114:. The
63:Burford
36:Needham
30:, also
858:
810:. CBSi
790:
765:
725:
564:
491:
432:, 1663
426:, 1661
414:, 1650
408:, 1647
272:– and
213:Hobbes
562:JSTOR
437:Notes
368:Whigs
323:Style
816:2023
788:ISBN
723:ISBN
629:2016
520:2016
489:ISBN
420:1656
388:and
349:and
34:and
850:doi
759:399
554:doi
284:'s
225:or
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681:^
620:.
560:,
550:27
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511:.
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268:,
264:,
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497:.
20:)
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