232:. A squad of 15 Germans, under the command of Gendarmerie Hauptwachmeister Albert Wietzke, ordered the Jews to gather at the entrance at 8am to be "transported for labor." Witnesses present different accounts of further events. According to an official complaint written by forester Hans Lehmann, two of the Germans opened fire at the crowded Jews without a reasonable cause. Other authors present the events as a revolt inspired by Aaron Kobrowski, chairman of the Judenrat. Panicked Jews attempted to escape through the fence into the nearby forest or back into the ghetto. The Germans then searched the ghetto, shooting any Jews on sight and destroying five secret bunkers with grenades. In total, 105 or 132 Jews were shot.
33:
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force, commanded by Berke
Aizenshtat. Most ghetto inmates were forced to work at the railway station, on the roads, in forestry, or in the mushroom-canning factory, but some managed to retain their pre-war trade. In summer 1942, 70 Jewish survivors arrived at the ghetto bringing accounts of mass
387:
396:
171:
According to a
Lithuanian report of 26 July 1941, there were 324 Jews, including 50 children under the age of 6, living in Marcinkonys. Most likely in early November 1941 (other sources provide spring 1942 after the
184:, the ghetto area was expanded from three houses to 14. The ghetto covered the area of 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres) surrounded by barbed wire and housed several dozens of Jews from nearby towns and villages, including
235:
Over the next few weeks, Germans and local collaborators searched for the escaped Jews and about 90 to 100 Jews were killed. A group of 21 Jews, including 7 women, were shot when their hideout near
1128:
1034:
239:
village was betrayed by a local man. About 46 Jews survived the war, mostly as members of the
Kobrowski partisan group, recognized as part of the Davidov brigade of the
294:
1143:
1044:
528:
250:
in 1933, was investigated and it was determined that he was sympathetic to the Jews and allowed them to escape. He was discredited and transferred. In 1943,
395:. The International Commission for the Evaluation of the Crimes of the Nazi and Soviet Occupation Regimes in Lithuania. p. 10. Archived from
61:
874:
258:. Lehmann was among the captured Germans. He was recognized by one of the escapees from Marcinkonys and executed for his role in the massacre.
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killings and other atrocities. That heightened the tensions and a group of young Jews planned to escape and join the
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Living conditions inside the ghetto were better than in other Jewish ghettos. The ghetto had its own small
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On 2 November 1942, orders were given to liquidate the ghetto and transport the Jews to
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299:. Vol. II, part A. The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. pp. 922–924.
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163:). It existed from around November 1941 to November 1942 and housed 300 to 400 Jews.
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176:), an order was given to establish the Jewish ghetto near the train station of the
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63:
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480:
McGaha, Richard (2003). "Willing
Executioners". In Tandy McConnell (ed.).
456:
The
Holocaust: a history of the Jews of Europe during the Second World War
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189:
181:
173:
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Reichelt, Katrin; Dean, Martin; Crago, Laura (2012). "Marcinkańce".
352:"The Liquidation of the Jews of Marcinkonis: A Collective Report"
510:
104:
Imprisonment, mass shootings, forced labor, starvation, exile
216:. The Judenrat even smuggled 12 guns into the ghetto.
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47:Location of Marcinkonys Ghetto within Lithuania
1045:List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
96:November 1941(spring 1942) to 2 November 1942
522:
8:
483:History in Dispute. The Holocaust, 1933–1945
459:(Reprint ed.). Macmillan. p. 489.
295:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933–1945
424:Nazi policy, Jewish workers, German killers
297:. Ghettos in German-Occupied Eastern Europe
859:
606:
529:
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1129:Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Lithuania
489:. Vol. 11. Gale. pp. 270–271.
389:Holocaust in Lithuanian province in 1941
381:
379:
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322:"Holokaustas Alytaus apskrityje 1941 m."
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1035:Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
428:. Cambridge University Press. pp.
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1144:Jewish ghettos in Nazi-occupied Poland
875:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police battalions
18:
7:
356:Yivo Annual of Jewish Social Science
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911:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
420:Browning, Christopher R. (2000).
246:Hans Lehmann, who had joined the
16:Nazi ghetto in occupied Lithuania
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1094:
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1040:History of the Jews in Lithuania
254:derailed a German train east of
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178:Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway
1:
230:Auschwitz concentration camps
117:Auschwitz concentration camp
559:Related articles by country
167:Establishment and operation
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880:Lithuanian Security Police
538:The Holocaust in Lithuania
1050:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto
1030:
977:HKP 562 forced labor camp
544:
350:Koniuchowsky, L. (1953).
325:Genocidas Ir Rezistencija
26:
987:Kauen concentration camp
982:Kailis forced labor camp
951:Ninth Fort November 1941
453:Gilbert, Martin (1987).
689:Franz Walter Stahlecker
320:Bubnys, Arūnas (2012).
946:Kaunas 29 October 1941
180:. After bribes by the
153:Second Polish Republic
77:54.06111°N 24.40000°E
813:Bronislovas Paukštys
732:Shmerke Kaczerginski
649:Aleksandras Lileikis
885:Rollkommando Hamann
684:Rudolf Joachim Seck
143:established during
73: /
1002:Marcinkonys Ghetto
808:PetronÄ—lÄ— LastienÄ—
772:Yitzhak Wittenberg
767:Elchonon Wasserman
679:Adrian von Renteln
644:Algirdas Klimaitis
619:Algimantas DailidÄ—
137:Marcinkańce Ghetto
82:54.06111; 24.40000
22:Marcinkonys Ghetto
1134:1942 in Lithuania
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1017:Ĺ venÄŤionys Ghetto
924:
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895:Ypatingasis būrys
851:
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762:Abraham Sutzkever
737:Zelig Kalmanovich
610:Perpetrators and
496:978-1-55862-455-9
466:978-0-8050-0348-2
439:978-0-521-77490-1
327:(in Lithuanian).
306:978-0-253-00202-0
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1139:Ghetto uprisings
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252:Jewish partisans
241:Soviet partisans
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843:Jan Zwartendijk
838:Chiune Sugihara
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717:Alexander Bogen
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554:The Holocaust
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145:the Holocaust
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141:Jewish ghetto
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101:Incident type
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1022:Vilna Ghetto
1001:
992:Kovno Ghetto
936:Jäger Report
863:Perpetrators
833:Anton Schmid
798:Kazys Binkis
727:Jay M. Ipson
712:Chaim Yellin
694:Martin Weiss
674:Helmut Rauca
639:Bruno Kittel
549:Main article
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397:the original
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139:was a small
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828:Ona Ĺ imaitÄ—
818:Karl Plagge
752:Abba Kovner
703:Victims and
669:Mike Pasker
659:Franz Murer
432:–160, 166.
220:Liquidation
194:Valkininkai
159:, post-war
155:, war-time
149:Marcinkonys
133:Marcinkonys
80: /
1123:Categories
1007:Ninth Fort
904:Resistance
705:resistance
634:Karl Jäger
262:References
248:Nazi Party
198:Butrimonys
65:54°03′40″N
1077:Lithuania
368:926494350
337:1392-3463
256:Białystok
243:in 1943.
226:Treblinka
151:(pre-war
113:Treblinka
68:24°24′0″E
1113:genocide
791:Rescuers
589:Slovakia
237:Musteika
190:Kabeliai
182:Judenrat
174:Passover
56:Location
1101:Judaism
1089:Germany
1063:Portals
594:Ukraine
569:Estonia
564:Belarus
362:: 213.
123:Victims
970:Places
956:Ponary
929:Events
856:Groups
603:People
584:Russia
579:Poland
574:Latvia
493:
463:
436:
366:
335:
331:(21).
303:
202:VarÄ—na
186:Rudnia
487:(PDF)
400:(PDF)
393:(PDF)
491:ISBN
461:ISBN
434:ISBN
364:OCLC
333:ISSN
301:ISBN
228:and
126:~200
115:and
109:Camp
93:Date
430:157
147:in
135:or
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408:^
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358:.
354:.
270:^
204:.
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192:,
188:,
1065::
530:e
523:t
516:v
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469:.
442:.
370:.
360:8
339:.
329:1
309:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
