1169:, below), the eight letters of χρειστός, which again added to the four of Υίος make twelve. These, however, are only the spoken names known to ordinary Christians; the unspoken names of Jesus and Christ are of twenty-four and thirty letters respectively. Either Hippolytus, or an early copyist of his, makes an attempt to solve the mystery of the unspoken names by writing at full length the letters of the name χρειστός; χεῖ, ῥώ, εἴ, ἰῶτα, σίγμα, ταῦ, οὐ, σάν; but we have here only twenty-four letters instead of thirty, so we must be content to remain in ignorance of what would seem to have been one of the most valuable secrets of this sect.
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Phoenician letters which in the next century were disused, viz., βαῦ in the sixth place, and κόππα, the Roman Q, coming after π; that these letters then took their natural place in the system of numeration, which was afterwards made complete by the addition, at the end of the letters of the alphabet, of another character to denote 900, which from its shape was at a considerably later period called σανπῖ. The character for six had not come to be identified with the abbreviation for στ in the time of Marcus, as known through
Hippolytus. In calculating the numerical value of χρειστός he counts the σ and τ separately; and he calls the former
1294:. It is possible that Marcus expressly identified his episemon with the digamma, for though in Irenaeus, the reading is undoubtedly διπλο γράμματα, the context gives probability to Dr. Hort's conjecture that Marcus wrote γάμματα. He says that this number added to the number of the twenty-four letters makes thirty. Now the double letters are already included in the twenty-four, but the Digamma stands outside the alphabet, and therefore its number might properly be added to that of the letters.
1279:, saying, for instance, that the letter ἧτα was originally an episemon, and distinguishing between the episemon of the number 6 and the digamma or episemon of Vau. He does not name his authority for this way of speaking; nor do we know that the character which was by some called βαῦ, and by others τὸ ἐπίσημον, was ever called by any one before Scaliger by the combination ἐπίσημον βαῦ. However this may be, Scaliger has been followed by all who have written on the subject since his time.
1392:); and, in particular, the material body through which the Saviour revealed Himself to men's senses, and conveyed to them that enlightenment of their ignorance in which redemption consisted. Clement, if not Marcus, finds the Saviour's higher nature represented by the episemon, which is not taken into account by one who looks merely at the order of the letters in the alphabet, but reveals itself in the system of numeration.
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itself an infinity of mysteries. Each letter makes its own sound, it knows not the sound of the adjacent letter, nor of the whole, but the restitution of all things will take place when all the letters are brought to make the same sound, and then a harmony will result of which we have an image in that made when we all sound the
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1153:, we are told, utter each its own vowel sound, the first A and so on; and it was the sound of their united doxology borne to the earth, which gave generation to all things on the earth. By the descent of Him who was with the Father from the nine into the seven, the groups of Aeons were equalized and perfect harmony produced.
998:. Such is the body of Truth, according to this magician, such the figure of the element, such the character of the letter. And he calls this element Anthropos (Man), and says that is the fountain of all speech, and the beginning of all sound, and the expression of all that is unspeakable, and the mouth of the silent
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Here, as well as in the preceding passages, episemon is used with special reference to the character for six; but
Scaliger turns into Greek the phrase "nota numeri VI." τὸ ἐπίσημον τοῦ ἑξ ἀριθμοῦ, and seems to have inferred that the marks for the numbers 90 and 900 had equal rights to the same title;
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It might appear as if we were to understand as the first of these the word ἀρχή; and this name of four syllables and thirty letters seems to correspond to a description of the system of thirty Aeons divided into two
Tetrads, a Decad, and a Dodecad. Each letter is one of the Aeons, and contains within
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Some conferred this redemption by baptism with special invocations; others went so far as to reject
Christian baptism and to substitute a mixture of oil and water which they poured over the head of the candidate. By confirmation the Gnostics intended not so much to give the Holy Ghost as to seal the
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In the Greek arithmetical notation eight letters are used to denote units, eight tens, and eight hundreds: total 888; but this is exactly the numerical value of the letters in the name Ἰησοῦς. Similarly, the Α and Ω is identified with the περιστερά which descended on Jesus, the numerical value being
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Concerning this name he gives the following account:—When the first Father, who is above thought and without substance, willed the unspeakable to become spoken, and the invisible to become formed, He opened His mouth and emitted a Word like
Himself, which being the form of the invisible, declared to
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Again, we find the fall of the twelfth Aeon, Sophia, indicated in the alphabet; for Λ, which arithmetically denotes 30, the number of the Aeons, is only the eleventh letter in the alphabet. But it set about to seek another like itself, and so the next letter is M, or ΛΛ. Again, add up the numerical
1213:. 34), τὸ ἐπίσημον is repeatedly used to denote the numerical character for six; the number 6 is ὁ ἐπίσημος ἀριθμός; the six-lettered name Ἰησοῦς is τὸ ἐπίσημον ὄνομα, etc., language perplexing to the old Latin translator, who renders the word by "insignis." A similar use of the word is found in
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The true account of these three characters seems to be that though the
Phoenicians themselves did not use the letters of their alphabet for purposes of numeration, the Greeks, who derived their alphabet from them, did so in the 5th century BC; that their alphabet then still contained two of the
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descended upon him from the invisible and indescribable places in the form of a woman . . . and expounded to him alone its own nature, and the origin of all things, which it had never before revealed to any one either of gods or men. . . . said:—I wish to show thee
Aletheia
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writes that the
Marcosians baptised people "Into the name of the unknown father of the universe, into truth, the mother of all things, into the one that descended upon Jesus." This may show that the Trinitarian baptismal formula existed at least at that time, and probably earlier, and that the
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value of all the letters of the alphabet ending with λ and we have ninety-nine; that is deficiency, a number still counted on the left hand, which they who have "knowledge" escape by following after the one which, added to ninety-nine, transfers them to the right hand. The reader will remember
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The
Marcosians had formulae and sacraments of redemption. If such great mysteries could be contained in names, it followed naturally that to know the right name of each celestial power was a matter of vital importance; and such knowledge the teachers promised to bestow. Others held that these
1221:. vi. 16); but this cannot be called a quite independent illustration, for the coincidences are found to be such as to put it beyond doubt that Clement, in his account of the mysteries of the number 6, makes unacknowledged use of the same writings of Marcus as were employed by Irenaeus.
1241:. 77, vii. 198, ed. Vallars.), suggests, as a way of reconciling the difference between the evangelists as to whether the Lord suffered at the third or the sixth hour, that a transcriber's error may have arisen from the likeness of Gamma and the Episemon,
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Sometimes Marcus counts the number of letters in a name, sometimes he reckons up the sum total, when to each letter is given its value in the Greek arithmetical notation: sometimes he uses a method which enables him to find still deeper mysteries.
843:(Truth) herself; for I have brought her down from the dwellings above, that thou mayest see her without a veil, and understand her beauty—that thou mayest also hear her speaking, and admire her wisdom. Behold, then, her head on high,
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And thence concludes that this number has the power not only of production, but of regeneration. As seven is the number of the heavens, and eight is the supercelestial ogdoad, so six denotes the material creation (see also
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Marcus points out that if we take a single letter, Δ, and write its name at full length, δέλτα, we get five letters; but we may write again the names of these at full length and get a number of letters more, and so on
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Marcus pushes into further details his designation of the Aeons as letters of the alphabet. There are twenty-four letters in the alphabet, and twenty-four is the sum of the letters of the names of the first tetrad:
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May that Charis who is before all things, and who transcends all knowledge and speech, fill thine inner being, and multiply in thee her own knowledge, by sowing the grain of mustard seed in thee as in good
1260:, a statement of an old grammarian, who, having mentioned that the Greeks denote numbers by letters, and for this purpose join to the letters of their alphabet three other characters, goes on as follows:—
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Then he would pour from their consecrated cup into a much larger one held by himself, and the liquor, miraculously increased at this prayer, would be seen to rise up and fill the larger vessel.
1477:. Probably the Egyptian religion contributed this element to Gnosticism. Some of these Marcosian formulae were in Hebrew, of which Irenaeus has preserved specimens much corrupted by copyists.
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at their meetings, he would command her on whom the lot fell boldly to utter the words which were suggested to her mind, and such words were accepted by the hearers as prophetic utterances.
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is used. He shows also (ii. 24) that it is possible to say as fine things about the properties of the number 5 as about those of the numbers which are glorified by Marcus.
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Prima est ς quae dicitur
Episimon et est nota numeri VI.; secunda est G quae vocatur kophe et valet in numero XC.; tertia est ϡ quae dicitur enneacosia quia valent DCCCC.
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descended, was for perfection; the one was merely psychical, the other spiritual. Of the latter are interpreted the words in which Jesus spoke of another baptism (
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To understand the generation of the thirty Aeons from the Ogdoad, we have only to take the first eight numbers and add them up, leaving out six—for it is the
1499:(Grace) had dropped some of her blood into the cup. Sometimes he would hand the cup to women, and bid them in his presence pronounce the eucharistic words:
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Irenaeus points out that the mysteries of Marcus all depend on the employment of the modern form of the Greek alphabet, and that they disappear when a
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cup of mingled wine and water was seen under his invocation to change to a purple red; and his disciples were told that this was because the great
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Even numbers are female, odd numbers male, by the union of the first of these, 2 and 3, was begotten the Episemon, or 6, the number of Salvation.
1028:. If the mysteries contained in a single letter be thus infinite, what must be the immensity of those contained in the name of the Propator.
1465:, by which the initiated would after death become incomprehensible and invisible, and leaving their bodies in this lower creation and their
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Himself what He was. His name consisted of four syllables successively uttered, of four, four, ten, and twelve letters respectively.
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was among Marcus's accomplishments, and apparently some chemical knowledge, with which he gained a reputation of magical skill. The
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applications could not procure spiritual redemption—only by knowledge (
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Other mysteries are found in the six letters of the name Ἰησοῦς (see
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A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines
1696: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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accuses Marcus of seducing his followers, and scornfully writes (
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was but for the forgiveness of sins, but that the redemption of
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consists of nine mutes, eight semivowels, and seven vowels. The
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I. 13, 4) that the whole sect was an affair of "silly women."
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This comparison shows an interesting point of agreement in
1687:. Vol. III. London: John Murray. pp. 827–829.
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and he also gives the name Episemon to each of the six
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usage between the Gnostics of the 2nd century and the
1577:Divine Proportion: Phi In Art, Nature, and Science
800:The marcosian system was a variation of that of
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1181:and not a letter of the usual Greek alphabet:—
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1724:Counting with 2 numbers, more gnostic counting
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1579:. Sterling Publishing Company Inc., 2005.
1310:. 3) that it is the first perfect number,
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1422:Baptism and Trinitarian Baptismal Formula
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
1103:Followed by those of the second tetrad:
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1524:Marcus taught his female disciples to
1461:candidates against the attacks of the
1275:said not to have been received by the
783:and participated in administering the
1619:Studien zur Geschichte des gr. Alphab
1418:) could such redemption be effected.
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1712:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1430:Marcosians adopted it as their own.
1351:In the new dispensation Jesus after
1369:, the number of His company became
1702:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
776:from the 2nd to the 4th century.
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1473:, ascend in their spirits to the
1194:'s "jam dextera computat annos."
1142:belong to Word and Life, but the
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540:Gnosticism and the New Testament
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1185:1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8 = 30
869:her shoulders with her hands,
16:Gnostic sect founded by Marcus
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1209:. vi. 45) and by Epiphanius (
1361:There, by the appearance of
686:Neoplatonism and Gnosticism
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1061:may be compared with what
681:Gnosticism in modern times
1615:Geschichte der Mathematik
1090:The Unspeakable (ἄῤῥητος)
1357:Mount of Transfiguration
646:Wisdom (personification)
1671:Salmon, George (1882).
1597:Scaliger, Joseph Justus
1433:Marcus taught that the
1081:The Pythagorean Tetrad.
836:The infinitely exalted
772:and active in southern
701:Theosophy (Blavatskian)
1632:Ecclesiastical History
1630:Eusebius of Caesarea,
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1344:The world was made in
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1250:Joseph Justus Scaliger
1233:. iv. 299), copied by
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602:Apocalyptic literature
1709:Catholic Encyclopedia
1601:Anim. in Chron. Euseb
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1215:Clement of Alexandria
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804:. It retained the 30
669:Esoteric Christianity
535:Clementine literature
512:List of Gnostic texts
232:List of Gnostic sects
1617:, p. 34; Kirchhoff,
1427:Eusebius of Caesarea
1355:days went up to the
1245:apparently Γ and Ϝ.
691:Perennial philosophy
317:Christian Gnosticism
1744:Early Gnostic sects
1643:St. Justin Martyr,
1603:. pp. 110–116.
1375:He suffered at the
1304:Philo of Alexandria
1162:in both cases 801.
706:Western esotericism
674:Christian theosophy
622:Paul and Gnosticism
545:Mandaean scriptures
525:Nag Hammadi library
463:Chinese Manichaeism
1542:Marcus (Marcosian)
1273:Phoenician letters
1237:or Pseudo-Jerome (
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1063:Hippolytus of Rome
629:Merkabah mysticism
607:Early Christianity
564:Cologne Mani-Codex
469:Islamic Gnosticism
457:Chinese Gnosticism
438:Persian Gnosticism
285:Samaritan Baptist
258:Judean / Israelite
42:You can assist by
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1290:, and the latter
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1455:Matthew 20:22
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1239:Brev. in Psal
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1231:Nov. Pat. Bib
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1151:seven heavens
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1130:. Again, the
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1065:tells of the
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596:Influenced by
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559:Codex Tchacos
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530:Pseudo-Abdias
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
1707:
1684:
1644:
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1626:
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1614:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1576:
1571:
1547:Colarbasians
1530:Casting lots
1523:
1515:
1502:
1494:
1484:
1459:
1432:
1425:
1415:
1412:
1394:
1386:
1380:
1379:hour of the
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1125:
1102:
1084:
1069:(viii. 10).
1051:Roman church
1044:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:ad infinitum
1025:
1022:
1018:
993:
987:
980:
974:
973:her ankles,
967:
961:
954:
948:
941:
935:
934:her thighs,
928:
922:
915:
909:
902:
896:
889:
883:
882:her breast,
876:
870:
863:
857:
850:
844:
837:
835:
827:
799:
792:
781:prophetesses
778:
770:Lyon, France
757:
755:
658:Influence on
579:Berlin Codex
424:
226:and founders
58:
49:
36:copy editing
34:may require
33:
1681:Wace, Henry
1655:Attribution
1645:1st Apology
1491:eucharistic
1325:de Civ. Dei
1308:De Op. Mund
947:her knees,
921:her belly,
814:Pythagorean
785:Eucharistic
711:Rene Guenon
612:Christology
574:Bruce Codex
569:Askew Codex
449:Manichaeism
394:Basilideans
383:Alexandrian
294:Simon Magus
131:Anima mundi
121:Adam pagria
1733:Categories
1704:Marcosians
1563:References
1552:Valentinus
1451:Luke 12:50
1140:semivowels
1122:(ἐκκλησία)
1113:Life (ζωή)
1047:liturgical
1042:together.
1008:I. 14, 1-3
986:her feet,
960:her legs,
908:her back,
856:her neck,
802:Valentinus
758:Marcosians
505:Scriptures
425:Marcosians
408:Valentinus
377:Sethianism
360:Saturninus
343:Marcionism
279:Elkasaites
252:Thomasines
211:Yaldabaoth
151:Five Seals
116:Adam kasia
91:Gnosticism
44:editing it
1487:astrology
1481:Eucharist
1469:with the
1403:Practices
1390:Heracleon
830:Anthropos
818:Isopsephy
664:Carl Jung
480:Nusayrism
389:Basilides
350:Nicolaism
328:Cerinthus
298:Simonians
289:Dositheos
269:Mandaeism
247:Maghāriya
1739:Gnostics
1683:(eds.).
1613:Hankel,
1536:See also
1526:prophesy
1520:Prophecy
1510:I. 13, 2
1507:—
1471:Demiurge
1334:S. Joann
1330:Orig. t.
1223:Eusebius
1198:Episemon
1179:Episemon
1167:Episemon
1149:For the
1005:—
789:Irenaeus
787:rites.
617:Docetism
432:Florinus
304:Menander
166:Luminary
146:Demiurge
84:a series
82:Part of
1700::
1634:iv. 11.
1475:Pleroma
1463:Archons
1447:baptism
1435:baptism
1277:Ionians
1229:. Mai,
1192:Juvenal
1110:(λόγος)
1067:Docetae
969:Omicron
904:Upsilon
898:Epsilon
762:Gnostic
760:were a
696:Thelema
552:Codices
372:Ophites
355:Perates
338:Marcion
323:Apelles
309:Quqites
275:Elksai
186:Pleroma
141:Barbelo
1669::
1583:
1496:Charis
1443:Christ
1416:gnosis
1367:Elijah
1332:28 in
1316:Euclid
1235:Jerome
1157:Ἰησοῦς
1144:vowels
1128:Ogdoad
1120:Church
1073:Tetrad
1055:Jerome
976:Lambda
839:Tetrad
824:System
810:Sophia
774:Europe
766:Marcus
486:Modern
420:Marcus
333:Justin
191:Sophia
181:Ogdoad
161:Kenoma
156:Gnosis
136:Archon
78:
1675:. In
1504:soil.
1467:souls
1439:Jesus
1381:sixth
1377:sixth
1363:Moses
1288:Sigma
1219:Strom
1173:Aeons
1136:mutes
963:Kappa
937:Theta
930:Sigma
885:Delta
872:Gamma
852:Omega
846:Alpha
806:Aeons
639:Philo
519:Texts
475:Druze
402:Roman
196:Uthra
176:Monad
171:Manda
1647:lxi.
1581:ISBN
1365:and
1348:days
1338:i.e.
1312:i.e.
1254:Bede
1243:i.e.
1211:Haer
1108:Word
1059:Aeon
1039:Amen
1000:Sige
992:and
979:and
966:and
953:and
950:Iota
940:and
927:and
914:and
911:Zeta
901:and
888:and
875:and
862:and
859:Beta
849:and
756:The
444:Mani
264:Adam
126:Aeon
1706:".
1457:).
1371:six
1353:six
1346:six
1320:Aug
1298:Six
1292:San
1207:Ref
943:Rho
924:Eta
917:Tau
891:Phi
878:Chi
865:Psi
1735::
1679:;
1599:.
1528:.
1453:;
1322:.
1256:,
995:Nu
989:Mu
982:Xi
956:Pi
832::
86:on
1621:.
1285:s
1225:(
1217:(
1002:.
984:;
971:;
958:;
945:;
932:;
919:;
906:;
893:;
880:;
867:;
854:;
745:e
738:t
731:v
300:)
296:(
65:)
59:(
54:)
50:(
46:.
40:.
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