837:
960:
1138:
1090:
1563:
1016:, my husband's sister; there were besides a number of ladies belonging to myself. The King my husband was attended by a numerous body of lords and gentlemen, all as gallant persons as I have seen in any Court; and we had only to lament that they were Huguenots. Sometimes we took a walk in the park on the banks of the river, bordered by an avenue of trees three thousand yards in length. The rest of the day was passed in innocent amusements; and in the afternoon, or at night, we commonly had a ball.
6938:
1496:
712:
501:
972:
577:, queen of Navarre, wrote about Margaret: "She has frankly owned to me the favourable impression which she has formed of you. With her beauty and wit, she exercises a great influence over the Queen-Mother and the King, and Messieurs her younger brothers." Jeanne d'Albret died in June 1572, two months after the engagement, and was succeeded on the throne by Henry, so that Margaret became queen of Navarre upon the day of her wedding.
1319:
632:
42:
1258:
384:
1454:
1200:
551:
7379:
4437:
627:, who officiated for that day, and pronounced the nuptial benediction. After this we proceeded on the same platform to the tribune which separates the nave from the choir, where was a double staircase, one leading into the choir, the other through the nave to the church door. The King of Navarre passed by the latter and went out of church.
2383:
1461:
In 1605, after nineteen years in Usson, Margaret made her return to the capital. She impressed the
Parisians for her appearance: her skin was red and raw, she wore an extravagant blonde wig and her clothes were twenty years out of fashion, but despite this she equally won the affection of the people.
1214:
When she fell sick in June 1583, rumors claimed that she was pregnant by
Champvallon. Henry III was soon displeased by her reputation and behavior and expelled her from the court, an unprecedented and humiliating measure that scandalized Europe. The Queen's court was stopped by Henry III's guards and
906:
thermal waters, Margaret left Paris with her court. She devoted two months to her mission: at every stage of the journey, during brilliant receptions, the queen of
Navarre was entertained with gentlemen hostile to Spain and, while praising his brother, she tried to persuade them to join him. She also
1413:, Margaret returned to her demand for reasons of conscience, in exchange for strong financial compensation and the right to retain the use of her royal title. During the trial, many witnesses reported the fake saying that Margaret had been forced by her mother and brother Charles IX to marry Henry.
1153:
In 1582, Margaret returned to Paris. She had failed to give her husband an heir, which would have strengthened her position. However, the real reasons for her departure were obscure. No doubt she wanted to escape from an atmosphere that became hostile, perhaps also to approach her lover
Champvallon,
955:
Shortly afterwards, Margaret, who denied any participation in this escape, finally got permission to join her husband. Catherine also saw the years pass and still had no heir. She hoped for a new wedding and invited her son-in-law to act as a good husband. Perhaps Henry III and the Queen-Mother also
534:
Some historians have hinted that the duke was
Margaret's lover, but nothing confirms this. In the sixteenth century, a king's daughter had to remain a virgin until her marriage for political reasons. Surely after their marriage she was not faithful to her husband, however, it is difficult to discern
1487:
to delegitimize the claims of
Henriette d'Entragues, sister of Charles of Valois and lover of Henry IV, who claimed that her son was the legitimate heir due to the King's promise of marriage. Margaret often helped plan events at court and nurtured the children of Henry IV and Marie. In 1608, at the
1397:
The negotiations began after the return of peace and Henry IV's return to
Catholicism. To support the invalidity of the marriage with the Pope, the King and Margaret put forward the infertility of the couple, their consanguinity, and the formal defects of the marriage. During the talks, the Queenâs
860:
Besides, I had found a secret pleasure, during my confinement, from the perusal of good books, to which I had given myself up with a delight I never before experienced. My captivity and its consequent solitude afforded me the double advantage of exciting a passion for study, and an inclination for
530:
and their presumptive plan of marriage. When the royal family found this out, Catherine and
Charles beat her and sent Henry of Guise away from court. This episode is perhaps at the root of a "lasting brotherly hatred" between Margaret and her brother Henry, as well as the equally lasting cooling of
369:
created a mythical image of a woman which persisted through the centuries to the modern day. In the late 20th and the early 21st centuries, revisionist historian have reviewed the extensive chronicles of her life and concluded that some elements of her scandalous reputation stemmed from anti-Valois
1716:
Only since the 1990s have some historians, such as Ăliane
Viennot, Robert J. Sealy, and Kathleen Wellman, contributed to rehabilitating the image of the last Valois and to distinguishing between the historical figure of Margaret of Valois and the legend of Queen Margot. However, literary works and
1046:, had been at court in NĂ©rac with Queen Margaret of Valois; Medrano flourished during her time. The Queen, who knew how to value people of wit, believed she gained much by having him at her NĂ©rac Court, where he was for several years both an ornament and a delight. JuliĂĄn Ăñiguez de Medrano's book
898:
in 1576, seemed willing to offer a throne to a foreign prince who was tolerant and willing to provide them with the diplomatic and military forces necessary to protect their independence. Henry III accepted the proposal of his sister because he would finally release the inconvenient duke of Anjou.
795:
My husband, having no counsellor to assist him, desired me to draw up his defence in such a manner that he might not implicate any person, and, at the same time, clear my brother and himself from any criminality of conduct. With God's help I accomplished this task to his great satisfaction, and to
517:
His words inspired me with resolution and powers I did not think myself possessed of before. I had naturally a degree of courage, and, as soon as I recovered from my astonishment, I found I was quite an altered person. His address pleased me, and wrought in me a confidence in myself; and I found I
325:
As Queen of
Navarre, Margaret also played a pacifying role in the stormy relations between her husband and the French monarchy. Shuttling back and forth between both courts, she endeavoured to lead a happy conjugal life, but her infertility and the political tensions inherent in the civil conflict
1124:
screamed that she would refuse to cooperate. She never ceased to incite Henry against his wife, hoping perhaps to be married to him. "From that moment until the hour of delivery, which was a few months after, never spoke to me. We slept in separate beds in the same chamber, and had done so for
1610:
in which she affirmed the superiority of the woman over man, arguing that God in the creation of the world started from the lower creatures up to the superiors and the woman is the last created creature, not even from the mud, like Adam, but from a rib. Furthermore, the delicacy of the aesthetic
1425:
Following the annulment of their marriage, positive relations between the two former spouses continued. After twenty years of exile, Margaret entered the good graces of the King of France. Her case was not foreseen by custom, but her new position allowed her to receive visitors at Usson who were
1358:
I have been induced to undertake writing my Memoirs the more from five or six observations which I have had occasion to make upon your work, as you appear to have been misinformed respecting certain particulars. For example, in that part where mention is made of Pau, and of my journey in France;
1330:
During this time, Margaret was able to train, as she had done at NĂ©rac, a new court of intellectuals, musicians and writers. She restored the castle and committed her time to reading many works, especially religious and esoteric ones. Even her financial condition improved when her sister-in-law,
881:
and Henry III refused to release her to her husband, fearing that Margaret would become a hostage in the hands of the Huguenots or that she would act to strengthen the alliance between Navarre and Anjou. However, Catherine was persuaded that Henry of Navarre could potentially change religion yet
828:
This episode may give the impression that despite frequent infidelity, the marriage was a solid political alliance. In reality, Henry only approached his wife when it served his interests, and did not hesitate to abandon her if it did not. For her part, Margaret might have availed herself of the
1713:
appeared that Margaret of Valois never felt inferior to her brothers and wanted to participate in the affairs of the kingdom. They have also addressed the political behavior of Margaret, in addition to her private life. However, those studies remained marginal and did not affect official texts.
1538:
in 1609. The palace became a Parisian political and intellectual center. Queen Margaret gave brilliant receptions with theatrical performances and ballets that lasted until night and had great patrons; she also opened a literary lounge where she organized a company of philosophers, poets, and
1712:
Between the 19th and the 20th centuries, some historians such as Count LĂ©o de Saint-Poincy sought to rehabilitate the figure of the Queen by trying to discern the scandals from reality and depicting her as a woman who challenged the turmoil of the civil war. To some 20th-century historians, it
1326:
Despite obtaining her freedom, Margaret decided to stay in the castle of Usson, where she spent eighteen years. Of her life in Usson, there is very little reliable information, so a lot of legends have gathered around it. Here, she learned of her mother's death and of her brother Henry III's
757:
Due to her inclination for her two elder brothers, Margaret initially denounced the plot in which her husband was involved, but later turned her coat in the hope of becoming an indispensable link between moderate Catholic supporters and her King of Navarre's Huguenot supporters. She actively
1236:
On 13 April 1584, after long negotiations, Margaret was allowed to return to her husband's court in Navarre, but she received an icy reception. The situation got worse. In June 1584, her brother Francis died and she missed her most valuable ally. With Anjou's death, Henry of Navarre became
465:
At the French court, she studied grammar, classics, history, and Holy Scripture. Margaret learned to speak Italian, Spanish, Latin and Greek in addition to her native French. She was competent also in prose, poetry, horsemanship, and dance. She traveled with her family and the court in the
1165:
Queen Margaret was initially well received by her brother, the King. Margaret maintained an active correspondence with her husband and tried to convince him to join her in Paris. But Henry of Navarre was not persuaded, and a rupturing of their relationship occurred when Margaret forced
1284:
But, tired of the Queen's demands, the Agenais revolted and agreed with the lieutenant of Henry III. With the arrival of royal troops, Margaret had to flee precipitously. Refusing her mother's pleas that she move to a royal manor, she retreated to her lofty and impregnable fortress of
1393:
of their marriage. Margaret resumed contact with him to try to improve her financial situation. Her infertility was proven, but she knew that the new King needed a legitimate son to consolidate his power. For this, he needed the support of his wife because he wished to marry again.
1222:
refused to receive his wife. He gave Henry III embarrassed explanations, then compensations. The Queen of Navarre remained for eight months in uncertainty between the French and Navarre courts, waiting for the negotiations to be concluded. The Huguenot warlords found there the
1480:. This was an extremely important political move for the Bourbon family, as it made official the dynastic transition between the Valois family, of which Queen Margaret was the last legitimate descendant, and that of Bourbon dynasty, just settled on the throne of France.
1177:
In the meantime, the relationship between Margaret and her brother Henry III had become very strained. While the King alternated between a dissolute life and crises of mysticism, Margaret encouraged mockery against his morals and she made enemies of two of his chief
851:
Anjou and Navarre finally managed to escape, one in September 1575 and the other in 1576. Henry did not even warn his wife of his departure. Margaret found herself confined to her chambers in the Louvre, under suspicion as her husband's accomplice. She wrote in her
943:, a lover of Margaret. In 1578 Anjou asked to be absent. But Henry III saw in it the proof of his participation in a conspiracy: he had him arrested in the middle of the night, and kept him in his room, where Margaret joined him. As for Bussy, he was taken to the
865:
Anjou, who allied himself with the Huguenots, took up arms and refused to negotiate until his sister was set free. She was therefore released and assisted her mother in the peace talks. They led to a text extremely beneficial to the Protestants and to Anjou: the
1314:
and released her in early 1587. Rumors at the court of France reported that she seduced him, but most probably he was bought by her. Her freedom suited the League perfectly: her continued existence guaranteed that Henry of Navarre would remain without an heir.
676:
After St. Bartholomew's Day, Catherine de' Medici proposed to Margaret that the marriage be annulled, but she replied that this was impossible because she had already had sexual relations with Henry and was "in every sense" his wife. Later she wrote in her
1441:â a mistress evicted by King Henry IV. Duly informed, in 1604 the King ordered the capture of the conspirator and the confiscation of all his property. Queen Margaret ought in her time to have inherited from Auvergne a property belonging to her mother,
1307:'s wish, in front of Margaret. Margaret assumed she was going to die and in a "farewell" letter to the Queen-Mother, she asked that after her execution a post-mortem be held to prove that she was not, despite gossip, pregnant with d'Aubiac's child.
1586:
and Marie de' Medici obtained the regency for their minor child. The regent was entrusted with various diplomatic roles, including the reception of foreign ambassadors at court, the celebrations for the future marriage of Louis XIII and in the
1406:, who was legitimized in 1595, and refused to endorse what she considered to be a dishonorable remarriage: "It is repugnant to me to put in my place a woman of such low extraction and of so impure a life as the one about whom rumor speaks."
619:, or regal close dress of ermine, and I blazed in diamonds. My blue-coloured robe had a train to it of four ells in length, which was supported by three princesses. A platform had been raised, some height from the ground, which led from the
592:
for the wedding, and the different faiths of the bridal couple made for an unusual wedding service. The King of Navarre had to remain outside the cathedral during the mass, where his place was taken by Margaret's brother, the Duke of Anjou.
535:
what is true or invented about her extramarital affairs. Many have no basis, others were simply platonic. Most of Margaret's alleged adventures are the result of pamphlets printed with the intent to politically discredit her and her family.
1625:
Queen Margaret was buried in the funerary chapel of the Valois in the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Her casket has disappeared and it is not known whether it was removed and transferred when work was done at the chapel, or destroyed during the
754:, to the throne of France instead. Anjou appeared willing to compromise in religious affairs, making him an appealing option to those tired of violence. Allied with the Protestants, the Malcontents executed several plots to seize power.
337:
A well-known woman of letters, considered both enlightened and an generous patron, she played a considerable part in the cultural life of the court, especially after her return from exile in 1605. She preached the supremacy of
4456:
800:
After Charles IX's death, at the accession of Henry III of France, Francis and Henry were left at liberty (albeit under surveillance) and even allowed at court, but the new king did not forgive or forget Margaret's betrayal.
1622:â there died in Paris, Queen Margaret, the sole survivor of the race of Valois; a princess full of kindness and good intentions for the welfare and repose of the State, and who was her only enemy. She was deeply regretted".
1078:, a province in which Henry of Navarre was governor. During the conflict, Margaret took the side of her husband. It lasted briefly (1579â1580), thanks in part to the Queen of Navarre who suggested calling her brother,
512:
During her teenage years, she and her brother Henry were very close friends. In 1568, leaving court to command the royal armies, he entrusted his 15-year-old sister with the defense of his interests with their mother.
1417:
pronounced the bull of annulment on 24 October 1599. Later, on 17 December 1599, the Archbishop of Arles pronounced the annulment of Henry's marriage to Margaret of Valois. Nearly a year later, Henry IV married
659:, Margaret remembered that she saved the lives of several prominent Protestants during the massacre by keeping them in her rooms and refusing to admit the assassins. Her eye-witness account of the massacre in
566:(French Calvinist Protestant). It was hoped this union would strengthen family ties, as the Bourbons were part of the French royal family and the closest relatives to the reigning Valois branch, and end the
3140:
Although inaccurate, this name for the war relates to a series of scandals at the Navarre court and to the notion that Henry of Navarre took up arms in response to jibes about his love life from the French
1327:
assassination in 1589. Her husband, Henry of Navarre, became king of France under the name of Henry IV. He was, however, not accepted by most of the Catholic population until he converted four years later.
573:
On 11 April 1572, Margaret was betrothed to Henry. Henry was a few months younger than Margaret, and their initial impressions of each other were favorable. In one of her letters to Henry, his mother
1611:
forms of women reflects only their perfection. For Queen Margaret, the world is not "made for man and man for God, but rather the world is made for man, man made for woman, and woman made for God".
1125:
some time", remembered Margaret. Françoise finally gave birth to a daughter, but the child was stillborn. "It pleased God that she should bring forth a daughter since dead", the queen wrote in her
3760:
Robert J. Sealy suggested that many of Margaret's supposed sexual partners, such as Auvergnate barons, Lignerac, Aubiac and Canillac, were not her lovers but only political allies (Sealy, p. 121).
1445:, who had disinherited her from her brother Henry III's schemes for the benefit of this ally. Margaret initiated a long trial and the King allowed her to return to Paris to manage her legal case.
1012:
Our residence, for the most part of the time I have mentioned, was NĂ©rac, where our Court was so brilliant that we had no cause to regret our absence from the Court of France. We had with us the
989:. Catherine and her son-in-law agreed on the modalities of the execution of the last edict of pacification â the object of the NĂ©rac conference in 1579. Then, the Queen-Mother returned to Paris.
623:
to the Church of Notre Dame. It was huge with cloth of gold; and below it stood the people in throngs to view the procession, stifling with heat. We were received at the church door by the
4810:
603:, who pushed down her head as though she were nodding her assent. This was Bourbon propaganda to justify the subsequent annulment of the marriage, 27 years later, part of the myth of the
1067:, on his side, endeavored to conquer all the maids of honor who accompanied his wife. In 1579, a religious war, later called the "Lovers' War", broke out between the Huguenots and King
1269:, which united as well the intransigent Catholics with the people hostile to the policy of her family and her husband. Determined to overcome her difficulties, Margaret masterminded a
326:
led to the end of her marriage. Mistreated by a brother, who was quick to take offence, and rejected by her husband, she chose the path of opposition in 1585. She took the side of the
470:(1564â1566). During this period Margaret had direct experience of the dangerous and complex political situation in France, and learned from her mother the art of political mediation.
726:
came to the French court only to see her. Later he proclaimed "The beauty of that princess is more divine than human, but she is made to damn and ruin men rather than to save them."
836:
7526:
5194:
1170:
from her service on the order of the Queen-Mother. After this new break with her husband, from November 1582 to August 1583, the Queen of Navarre resumed the relationship with
4638:
985:. This journey was an opportunity for entering the cities crossed, a way of forging closer ties with the reigning family. At the end of their journey, they finally found the
825:." Charlotte also provoked a quarrel between Anjou and Navarre, both her lovers, spoiling Margaret's attempt at forming an alliance between her husband and youngest brother.
5052:
5409:
7356:
6546:
5199:
5552:
6996:
6879:
1296:, as proposed to her by her mother. But she found herself besieged by the royal troops who seized the fortress. She waited nearly a month for a decision on her fate.
1060:
1215:
some of her servants were arrested and interrogated by the King himself, especially about the possible birth of a bastard child by Jacques de Harlay or an abortion.
7411:
6917:
6634:
478:
7361:
4505:
334:, which lasted for 20 years. In 1599, she consented to a "royal divorce", the annulment of the marriage, but only after the payment of a generous compensation.
5083:
4938:
908:
4072:
1074:
The conflict was provoked by the misapplication of the last edict of pacification and by a conflict between Navarre and the lieutenant-general of the king in
370:
propaganda and a factionalism that denigrated the participation of women in politics and was created by Bourbon dynasty court historians in the 17th century.
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6922:
2396:
1438:
6463:
5537:
4318:
7496:
7426:
743:
5006:
5823:
5131:
3089:
1745:, is a fictionalised account of the events surrounding Margaret's marriage to Henry of Navarre. The novel was adapted into film three times, with the
5363:
5286:
5281:
624:
508:, 16th century. Margaret was considered in her time beautiful, cultured, refined and flirtatious: for this she was called the "pearl of the Valois".
5419:
5222:
5217:
7536:
4631:
1476:
In 1606, she managed to win the lawsuit against her nephew and gained her entire maternal inheritance. After this, Margaret named as her heir the
5358:
5179:
5001:
4820:
1430:
454:, baronne de Courton, "a wise and virtuous lady greatly attached to the Catholic religion". After her sisters' weddings, Margaret grew up in the
6539:
4973:
4825:
7466:
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6872:
6710:
6682:
6338:
6224:
4192:
4163:
4127:
3872:
3847:
3822:
2325:
2173:
1332:
1281:. The Queen of Navarre spent several months fortifying the city. Recruiting troops, she sent them to the assault of the cities around Agen.
7416:
6758:
6730:
6687:
6244:
6189:
5353:
5073:
4928:
4704:
1053:
The court of NĂ©rac became especially famous for the amorous adventures that occurred there, to the point of having inspired Shakespeare's
959:
467:
1120:, was conducting a passionate affair with the King of Navarre and became pregnant. Margaret proposed banishing her rival from court, but
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6654:
6273:
6209:
5706:
5291:
1619:
1185:
1113:
408:
92:
5711:
5378:
1664:
7471:
7431:
7025:
5271:
5146:
4624:
4094:
2293:
981:
For her return with her husband, Margaret was accompanied by her mother and her chancellor, a renowned humanist, magistrate and poet,
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2462:
1043:
7501:
7441:
7436:
7085:
6532:
6483:
6214:
5276:
4385:
4367:
4352:
4293:
4249:
4145:
4112:
3952:
1816:
7279:
5393:
5383:
4815:
4714:
1696:
1469:
In Paris Queen Margaret established herself as a mentor of the arts and benefactress of the poor. She was also now very devout and
649:
636:
1292:
After a year, probably due to the approach of royal troops, Margaret took refuge in the castle of Ibois, a little to the north of
7531:
7511:
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6982:
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6843:
6753:
6555:
6308:
5982:
5719:
5266:
5093:
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1750:
923:
are devoted to this mission. For Margaret, returning to France was dangerous due to the risk that the Spanish would capture her.
307:
7055:
1367:
were published posthumously in 1628. Queen Margaret was also visited by writers, beginning with the faithful BrantĂŽme, but also
933:
After reporting her mission to her younger brother, Margaret returned to the court. The fighting multiplied between Henry III's
877:. During this conflict, they reconciled to the point that she reported pertinent information from the court in her letters. But
7481:
5542:
5184:
5088:
4968:
4943:
1029:
1025:
620:
522:
Delighted with this mission, she fulfilled it conscientiously, but Henry showed no gratitude upon his return, according to her
993:
596:
7274:
6436:
4770:
1667:
against Henry IV, were the ones that were most successful by being subsequently handed down as if they had been established.
1359:
likewise where you speak of the late Maréchal de Biron, of Agen, and of the sally of the Marquis de Canillac from that place.
589:
6989:
5126:
4907:
4845:
3499:
1905:
1265:
In 1585, in an unprecedented gesture for a Queen of the sixteenth century, Margaret abandoned her husband. She rallied the
446:
Her childhood was spent in the French royal nursery of the ChĂąteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye with her sisters Elisabeth and
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6847:
6720:
6644:
6234:
5847:
5816:
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5480:
5348:
5141:
5078:
4933:
1591:
in 1614, in which Margaret was charged with negotiating with clergy representatives. This was her last public assignment.
1462:
Even if she had changed little - at least as far as her tastes were concerned - she became "horribly stout", according to
1137:
494:
353:
After her death, the anecdotes and slanders circulated about her created a legend which consolidated around the nickname
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6278:
6050:
6020:
5414:
5136:
5121:
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1089:
769:
346:, the first woman to have done so. One of the most fashionable women of her time, her dress influenced many of Europe's
6902:
4953:
4765:
1403:
890:
In 1577, Margaret asked permission to go on a mission in the south of the Netherlands on behalf of her younger brother
691:, written by an anonymous Huguenot author in 1574 against the royal family, Margaret was accused for the first time of
599:, a 17th century historian, invented the anecdote that Margaret was forced to marry the King of Navarre by her brother
7541:
7516:
7451:
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6313:
4835:
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2267:
1746:
1719:
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779:, pretended lover of Margaret. After the failure of the conspiracy, Francis and Henry were held as prisoners at the
648:
Just six days later, the Catholic faction assassinated many of the Huguenots gathered in Paris for the wedding (the
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6025:
5189:
5116:
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On the other hand, well-established in the Auvergne and well-informed, she did not fail to spot the schemes of the
1196:
to continue his expedition to the Netherlands, which King Henry III wished to interrupt, fearing a war with Spain.
1055:
840:
776:
486:
264:
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4185:
The Rival Queens: Catherine de' Medici, her daughter Marguerite de Valois and the Betrayal that Ignited a Kingdom
1782:
7193:
3656:
3374:, pp. 254â55; Henry III wrote to his secretary Villeroy: "The Queen my mother wishes me to hang Obyac [
1310:
But suddenly, her gaoler, the Marquis de Canillac, switched from the royal side in the civil war to that of the
1192:, who retaliated by circulating very injurious reports about her private life. In addition, Margaret encouraged
873:
Henry of Navarre, who had once again converted to the Protestant faith, sought to have Margaret join him in his
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5809:
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1588:
1311:
1266:
685:
327:
66:
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with Jean de Lard de Galard, seigneur d'Aubiac, her probable lover, whom she appointed captain of her guards.
926:
At the end, despite the contacts Margaret had found, the Duke of Anjou was incapable of defeating the Spanish
1350:. In response to the poet's work, which contained several mistakes and false rumors about her, she wrote her
7325:
7320:
7310:
7305:
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7005:
6328:
5842:
5388:
5368:
5167:
5151:
4991:
4778:
4606:
4553:
2231:
1741:
1691:
1686:
1579:
1442:
1304:
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1021:
878:
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681:: "I suspected the design of separating me from my husband was in order to work some mischief against him."
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567:
455:
416:
358:
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49:
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In April 1574 the conspiracy was exposed, the leaders of the plot were arrested and decapitated, including
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1004:, which was part of the Kingdom of France and where the religious regulations and intolerance in force in
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the surprise of the commissioners, who did not expect to find them so well prepared to justify themselves.
751:
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1682:, and the systematic discrediting of all women and their political role revived Margaret's black legend.
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Queen Margaret worked to create a refined court. She was indeed forming a true literary academy. Besides
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3655:. Currently the building no longer exists. Now is located the Ăcole National SupĂ©riore des Beaux Arts.
1770:(1594â1595) is possibly based on an attempt at reconciliation made in 1578 between Margaret and Henry.
1583:
1363:
Her work was dedicated to BrantĂŽme, and it consisted of an autobiography from her infancy to 1582. The
1300:
1005:
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1860:
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woman in a damned family. Many slanders were spread throughout the life of the princess, but those in
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to the French throne, and he was under increased pressure to produce an heir. In 1585, his new lover
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After the departure of Anjou, the situation of Margaret deteriorated. One of her ladies-in-waiting,
640:. Catherine de' Medici emerging from the Louvre castle to inspect a heap of bodies in a painting by
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1109:- which does not mean that she didn't appreciate physical love â to bring about a fusion of souls.
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765:
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489:. However, Alba refused any consideration of a dynastic marriage. Other marriage negotiations with
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financial situation improved, but she was displeased at the idea of Henry marrying his mistress,
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Historical wax statue of Queen Margaret of Valois produced by artist/historian George S. Stuart.
940:
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devotion, advantages I had never experienced during the vanities and splendour of my prosperity.
830:
813:
and Margaret deteriorated. Margaret did not get pregnant even though Henry continued to pay his
719:
641:
574:
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3500:
Autour d'un « démariage » célÚbre : dix lettres inédites de Marguerite de Valois
1685:
It is in the 19th century that the myth of Queen Margot was born. The nickname was invented by
956:
hoped that Margaret could play a conciliation role in the troubled provinces of the southwest.
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1606:, a text that she considered to be misogynist, written by the Jesuit father Loryot. She wrote
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1492:, future duke of Orléans, Queen Margaret was chosen by the King himself to be the godmother.
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charmed by the cultural quality of this "new Parnassus" and the generosity of their hostess.
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746:. Due to Henry's support of suppressing Protestant worship, moderate Catholic lords, called
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in his 1852 article on "La Reine Marguerite, ses mémoires et ses lettres" in vol. 6 of the
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6259:
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Deux Ă©pouses et reines Ă la fin du XVIe siĂšcle: Louise de Lorraine et Marguerite de France
3380:] in the presence of this miserable creature in the courtyard of the ChĂąteau d'Usson"
1963:
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947:. A few days later, Anjou fled again, thanks to a rope thrown out of his sister's window.
912:
822:
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404:
299:
244:
232:
202:
182:
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4324:
III. The third Marguerite (1553â1615), called more particularly Marguerite de Valois.....
4266:
L'exil auvergnat de Marguerite de Valois (la reine Margot) : Carlat-Usson, 1585â1605
1059:. Margaret had an affair with one of the most illustrious companions of her husband, the
342:
over physical love. During her imprisonment, she took advantage of the time to write her
1318:
1162:
urged her to return, hoping thus to attract the King of Navarre to the court of France.
7118:
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in contrast exploited the figure of Princess Valois to denounce the "depravity" of the
1700:
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where Margaret suffered from the prohibition of Catholic worship. They then settled in
260:
298:. Her union with the King of Navarre, intended to contribute to the reconciliation of
7395:
7335:
6268:
6105:
4794:
4421:
1828:
1793:
trilogy which focuses on her mother, Catherine de' Medici, mostly in the second book
1335:, with whom she had always had good relations, began sending her half of her income.
1106:
347:
339:
17:
6149:
5972:
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2419:
1644:
1535:
1503:
1042:. The Navarrese knight, poet, author and descendant of the first kings of Navarre,
903:
844:
814:
1257:
1249:, pressed the King of Navarre to repudiate Margaret, hoping to be married to him.
462:. During her childhood, her brother Charles IX gave her the nickname of "Margot".
383:
4068:] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires.
1643:
Queen Margaret's life is obscured by the legend of "Queen Margot", the myth of a
1409:
She stopped the negotiations, but after the providential death of Gabrielle from
7161:
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5962:
5917:
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1774:
1515:
1225:
1180:
362:
5791:
Philip was the first Bourbon king of Spain, the country's present ruling house.
4447:
3965:
3504:
Bulletin de l'Association d'étude sur l'humanisme, la réforme et la renaissance
1371:, who was no doubt inspired by Margaret to create the character of Galathee in
829:
absence of jealousy of her husband to take a lover in the person of the famous
322:, her younger brother, which caused Henry to have a deep aversion towards her.
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5872:
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4868:
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2378:
1453:
1101:
It is then that Margaret fell in love with the grand equerry of her brother,
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5897:
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5429:
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1823:
1410:
1390:
1343:
1299:
On 13 October 1586, Margaret was imprisoned by her brother Henry III in the
1199:
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Margaret and Henry, both 19 years of age, were married on 18 August 1572 at
550:
303:
5801:
4311:
615:
I was set out in the most royal manner. I wore a crown on my head with the
4436:
1727:, have continued to perpetuate the image of an obscene and lustful woman.
817:
assiduously. But he had many mistresses and openly deceived Margaret with
558:
By 1570, Catherine de' Medici was seeking a marriage between Margaret and
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1660:
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frequented the court. Margaret had many exchanges with the author of the
997:
944:
563:
331:
6857:
5892:
5776:
1075:
935:
734:'s fragile mental state and constitution deteriorated further, but the
482:
197:
5594:
Louis had no children; he died aged 10 in 1795. His uncle, the future
3090:"Otro enigma en torno a JuliĂĄn IñĂguez de Medrano: las dos Orcavellas"
1614:
Early in March 1615, Margaret became dangerously ill. She died in her
6793:
5887:
1648:
1286:
1001:
692:
366:
306:
in France, was tarnished six days after the marriage ceremony by the
4338:
The Massacre of St. Bartholomew and the European conflict, 1559â1572
4080:
4061:
Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France
1819:) covers Margaret's adolescence and the early days of her marriage.
584:. The marriage between a Catholic and a Huguenot was controversial.
518:
was become of more consequence than I had ever conceived I had been.
4616:
4066:
Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France
3651:
It was eventually demolished and partially replaced in 1640 by the
1582:. The following day, Henry IV was assassinated by the fanatic monk
6573:
3118:
La silva curiosa, en que se tratan diversas cosas sotilissimas ...
2464:
History as Voyeurism: from Marguerite De Valois to La Reine Margot
1578:
On 13 May 1610, Queen Margaret attended Marie's coronation at the
1561:
1519:
1452:
1317:
1256:
1198:
1136:
1088:
1082:, to lead the negotiations. They were rapid and culminated in the
970:
958:
916:
835:
710:
630:
549:
499:
382:
275:
at her husband's 1589 accession to the latter throne as Henry IV.
113:
4079:
Translated by Katharine Prescott Wormeley. New York: Lamb, 1912.
4089:, Saint-Ătienne, Presses universitaires de Saint-Ătienne, 1998,
1832:. That was one of the signature roles of the Australian soprano
1483:
It strengthened the friendship that had been created with Queen
1274:
1229:
they were waiting for and Navarre took advantage of it to seize
6978:
6861:
6528:
5805:
5670:
5629:
5573:
5501:
5312:
5027:
4866:
4658:
4620:
1233:, which Henry III agreed to cede to him to close the incident.
3376:
882:
again, and used her daughter as bait to attract him to Paris.
4322:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). pp. 705â706 see para 3.
6936:
4331:
The Myth of Reine Margot: Toward the Elimination of a Legend
663:
is the only one from the royal family. These facts inspired
4345:
The Medici Women: Gender and Power in Renaissance Florence.
526:. He had suspicions of a secret romance between Margot and
5598:, proclaimed himself regent but both titles were disputed.
2450:
L'exil auvergnat de Marguerite de Valois (la reine Margot)
3554:
Culture and Power: Tuscany and Its Universities 1537-1609
1699:
and the intrigues of subsequent courtiers. The historian
1437:
and uterine sister (half-sister with the same mother) of
4378:
Margherita di Valois. La vera storia della regina Margot
1836:, who performed it for her farewell performance for the
1154:
or to support her younger brother Anjou. Moreover, King
783:. Margaret wrote a letter pleading for her husband, the
4725:
Henrietta Maria, Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland
750:, supported a plot to raise Charles' youngest brother,
4821:Ălisabeth Marguerite, Duchess of Alençon and AngoulĂȘme
4783:
Gabrielle Angelique, Duchess of La Valette and Epernon
485:
in hopes of arranging a marriage between Margaret and
419:. Three of her brothers would become kings of France:
314:. In the conflict between Henry III of France and the
1342:, known as BrantĂŽme, with whom she was in contact, a
1338:
In 1594, Margaret received a letter from her friend
542:(1607), which described Margaret as a nymphomaniac.
7349:
7298:
7232:
7137:
7094:
7012:
6947:
6895:
6811:
6792:
6767:
6744:
6701:
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6566:
6492:
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6377:
6352:
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4895:
4879:
4803:
4758:
4733:
4692:
4671:
4422:
Memoirs of Marguerite de Valois, written by herself
4077:
Illustrious Dames of the Court of the Valois Kings.
1689:, who titled his first novel in the Valois Trilogy
1385:
Reconciliation with Henry and annulment of marriage
1261:
Portrait of Queen Margaret of Valois. 16th century.
992:After her departure, the spouses stayed briefly in
251:, 14 May 1553 â 27 March 1615), popularly known as
228:
218:
208:
196:
176:
132:
120:
102:
86:
82:
72:
65:
55:
48:
34:
3769:Coward, D. (1997). Note on the Text. In A. Dumas,
939:and Anjou's supporters, in the forefront of which
699:. This libel was another part of the myth of the
6513:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
4206:Queen of Hearts: Marguerite of Valois, 1553â1615
4187:(Paperback). London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
4120:Regine per caso. Donne al governo in etĂ moderna
3916:"'Les Huguenots,' Making Operatic History Again"
3194:
3192:
1678:and his historians initiated a campaign against
1389:By 1593, Henry IV first proposed to Margaret an
3840:The Italian Woman: A Catherine De' Medici Novel
2575:Ăthiques et formes littĂ©raires Ă la Renaissance
1840:in 1990. She also appears in the opera comique
1356:
1010:
858:
793:
613:
515:
387:Catherine de Medici with her children in 1561:
4215:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4029:
4027:
4017:
4015:
3989:
3987:
2730:Deux Ă©pouses et reines Ă la fin du XVIe siĂšcle
1863:in the second season of the television series
1853:in the series finale of the television series
1303:, in Auvergne. D'Aubiac was executed, despite
6990:
6873:
6540:
5817:
5053:Françoise d'Aubigné, Marchioness of Maintenon
4632:
3286:
3284:
3282:
2594:
2592:
2418:", wrote the historian AnaĂŻs Bazin, cited by
1348:Discours sur la Reine de France et de Navarre
8:
7527:French people of the French Wars of Religion
3738:
3736:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2740:
2738:
2632:
2630:
479:Fernando Ălvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba
253:
4816:Marguerite Louise, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
4475:, 1892, translated by Violet Fane. View at
4396:Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France
4288:, London and New York, I.B. Tauris, 2005.
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3865:Queen Jezebel: A Catherine De' Medici Novel
2437:Queens and Mistresses of Renaissance France
1822:Margaret of Valois has a major role in the
1568:Coronation of Marie de' Medici in St. Denis
1354:. She was the first woman to have done so.
6997:
6983:
6975:
6880:
6866:
6858:
6547:
6533:
6525:
5824:
5810:
5802:
5680:
5667:
5639:
5626:
5583:
5570:
5511:
5498:
5333:Maria Carolina Sophia Felicity LeszczyĆska
5322:
5309:
5037:
5024:
4876:
4863:
4668:
4655:
4639:
4625:
4617:
4514:
4073:Pierre de Bourdeille, seigneur de BrantĂŽme
4041:
4039:
3773:(p. xxv). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1886:
1877:
1050:is dedicated to Queen Margaret de Valois.
411:, the seventh child and third daughter of
40:
31:
4811:Anne Marie Louise, Duchess of Montpensier
2841:, p. 313; Moisan, p. 192; Pidduck, p. 18.
2397:Henry IV of France's wives and mistresses
1618:, on 27 March 1615. "On 27 March â wrote
915:, with whom he had a friendly meeting in
785:Supporting Statement for Henry of Bourbon
504:Princess Margaret of Valois. Portrait by
5267:Maria Teresa Rafaela, Dauphine of France
5137:Louise Marie Anne, Mademoiselle de Tours
4974:Ălisabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Lorraine
2426:(4th ed., Garnier FrĂšres, n.d., p. 198).
1494:
758:participated in the organization of the
162:
5724:Marie ThĂ©rĂšse, Mademoiselle d'AngoulĂȘme
5195:Louise Françoise, Mademoiselle du Maine
4408:. Boston, Houghton Mifflin. p. 43.
4140:, Ăditions France-Empire, Paris, 1992,
3803:, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 264
2759:Marguerite de Valois. âLa reine Margotâ
2407:
607:. Margaret did not mention this in her
554:Henry of Navarre and Margaret of Valois
7412:Burials at the Basilica of Saint-Denis
5745:Louise Marie ThérÚse, Duchess of Parma
4771:Catherine Henriette, Duchess of Elbeuf
4416:, New York, Harper and brothers, 1907.
4414:Queen Margot, wife of Henry of Navarre
4232:The French Wars of Religion, 1559â1598
4213:The French Wars of Religion, 1562â1629
4156:Amanti e regine. Il potere delle donne
4058:Anselme de Sainte-Marie, PĂšre (1726).
3000:The French Wars of Religion, 1562â1629
2622:The French Wars of Religion, 1559â1598
2548:
2247:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2005:
1895:
1891:
1695:(1845). He described in the novel the
1506:in 1609, and its gardens, as shown in
1141:Henry III, the Queen-Mother and queen
821:, member of Queen-Mother's notorious "
439:, and her brother Francis II, married
435:, would become the third wife of King
173:
7280:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (1572)
7275:Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1570)
7074:Margaret, Queen of France and Navarre
7020:Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
5410:Princess Marie TherĂšse, Madame Royale
5084:Princess Marie TherĂšse, Madame Royale
4939:Princess Marie TherĂšse, Madame Royale
4826:Françoise Madeleine, Duchess of Savoy
4425:, New York, Merrill & Baker, 1800
4360:Marguerite de Valois. La reine Margot
4301:Henri IV of France; His Reign and Age
3249:Williams, pp. 289â290; Moisan, p. 25.
2717:Henri IV of France: His Reign and Age
2536:
2323:
2313:
2309:
2297:
2291:
2281:
2265:
2255:
2251:
2235:
2229:
2219:
2203:
2193:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2145:
2135:
2131:
2107:
2097:
2081:
2071:
2067:
2055:
2049:
2039:
2023:
2013:
2009:
1993:
1987:
1977:
1961:
1951:
1947:
1935:
1929:
1919:
1903:
1899:
611:, nor did any of her contemporaries.
407:was born on 14 May 1553 at the royal
154:
7:
7378:
5522:Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria
5200:Louis Jean Marie, Duke of PenthiĂšvre
5132:Louise Françoise, Duchess of Bourbon
4790:Jeanne Baptiste, Abess of Fontevraud
4457:Works by or about Margaret of Valois
4244:London and New York: Longman, 1998.
3685:Craveri, p. 83; Wellman, p. 312-314.
2784:The French religious wars: 1562â1598
2657:Mourgue, p. 10; Williams, pp. 24â25.
2478:La Reine Margot et la fin des Valois
1218:Moreover, warned of the rumors, the
5538:Marie-ThĂ©rĂšse, Duchess of AngoulĂȘme
5292:Louis Alexandre, Prince of Lamballe
5277:Maria Antonietta, Queen of Sardinia
5257:Mariana VĂctoria, Queen of Portugal
5142:Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans
4887:Infanta Ana Maria Mauricia of Spain
4740:Henri, Duke of Beaumont (1551â1553)
4485:Boston, L. C. Page, 1899 . View at
3801:The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare
3657:"Histoire de la rue par les cartes"
3115:Medrano, Julian Iniguez de (1608).
1024:, Navarre's companion in arms, and
764:together with her powerful friends
538:The most successful defamation was
5374:Marie Adélaïde, Duchess of Louvois
5349:Louise Ălisabeth, Duchess of Parma
5147:Louis Alexandre, Count of Toulouse
4258:Henry II, King of France 1547-1559
2174:Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
278:Margaret was the daughter of King
25:
7497:People from Saint-Germain-en-Laye
7427:16th-century French women writers
6484:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
5650:Princess Marie Joséphine of Savoy
4969:Philippe Charles, Duke of Orléans
4795:Marie Henriette, Abess of Chelles
4743:Louis, Count of Marle (1555â1557)
4524:House of Valois, AngoulĂȘme branch
4402:Whale, Winifred Stephens (1914).
1514:She settled her household on the
570:between Catholics and Huguenots.
77:18 August 1572 â 17 December 1599
27:Queen of France from 1589 to 1599
7377:
5720:Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry
5707:Louis Antoine, Duke of AngoulĂȘme
5287:Marie Louise Ălisabeth d'Alençon
4959:Philippe Charles, Duke of Valois
4435:
4138:La triple vie de la reine Margot
3888:Johnson, Arleigh (August 2013).
3613:La triple vie de la reine Margot
3515:Quoted in Williams, pp. 354â355.
3480:Moisan, p. 144; Boucher, p. 240.
2381:
1789:. She also features in Plaidy's
1751:Academy Award for Costume Design
1620:Paul Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain
1608:The Learned and Subtle Discourse
1534:was built for her to designs by
1114:Françoise de Montmorency-Fosseux
409:ChĂąteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
158:
112:Hostel de la Reyne Margueritte,
93:ChĂąteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
60:2 August 1589 â 17 December 1599
7026:Madeleine de la Tour d'Auvergne
5543:Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France
5477:Philippe, Duke of Narbonne-Lara
5185:Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes
5089:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
4944:Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou
4775:Alexandre, Chevalier de VendĂŽme
4466:Memoirs of Marguerite de Valois
4278:, Editions Le Manuscrit, 2008.
4122:, Bari, Editori Laterza, 2014.
3914:Loomis, George (21 June 2011).
3721:Moisan, p. 7; Casanova, p. 104.
2294:Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne
1881:Ancestors of Margaret of Valois
1717:cinematographic works, such as
1500:L'Hostel de la Reine Marguerite
1030:Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas
1026:Guy Du Faur, Seigneur de Pibrac
259:, was a French princess of the
150:
7537:17th-century French memoirists
5473:Agathe Louise de Saint-Antoine
4750:Catherine, Duchess of Lorraine
4715:Nicolas Henri, Duke of Orléans
4347:Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2003.
4333:, Peter Lang Publishing, 1994.
3941:The 1991 World Book Year Book.
3890:"Queen Jezebel by Jean Plaidy"
3863:Plaidy, Jean (12 March 2013).
3838:Plaidy, Jean (25 April 2024).
3813:Plaidy, Jean (25 April 1983).
3506:, 1996, vol. 43, n°43, p.5-24.
3428:. EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Inc
1797:, and also in the third book,
1781:, a fictional memoir of Queen
1697:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
1524:Hostel de la Reyne Margueritte
1204:Ball at the Court of Henry III
1116:, a 14-year-old girl known as
963:Queen Margaret of Navarre, by
886:Diplomatic mission in Flanders
650:St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
637:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre
361:. These fictional elements of
1:
7250:Edict of Saint-Germain (1562)
7240:Siege of Florence (1529â1530)
7167:Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine
6963:Philomena de Tornos Steinhart
6721:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
6235:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
5848:List of French royal consorts
5607:Bourbon Restoration in France
5481:Louis, comte de Narbonne-Lara
5112:Marie Anne, Princess of Conti
5094:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
5048:Infanta MarĂa Teresa of Spain
4964:Anne Marie, Queen of Sardinia
4949:Louis François, Duke of Anjou
4107:, New York: Routledge, 1990.
3970:Starry Constellation Magazine
1616:Hostel de la Reyne Marguerite
1381:, who visited Usson in 1599.
1174:, who had returned to Paris.
896:rebelled against Spanish rule
308:St Bartholomew's Day massacre
6279:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
5445:Clothilde, Queen of Sardinia
5152:Louise, Baroness of La Queue
5122:Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine
4954:Marie Louise, Queen of Spain
4313:"Marguerite de Valois"
3894:The Historical Novels Review
2773:, pp. 55-56; Boucher, p. 22.
2494:The Myth of the Reine Margot
2467:», Rethinking History, 2000.
1604:The Flowers of Moral Secrets
919:. Almost one quarter of her
902:On the pretext of a bath in
770:Claude Catherine of Clermont
689:Le Réveil-matin des Français
473:In 1565, Catherine met with
458:with her brothers Henry and
7417:16th-century French writers
7270:Treaty of Longjumeau (1568)
7050:Claude, Duchess of Lorraine
5777:Infante or Infanta of Spain
5394:Princess Louise (1737â1787)
5359:Princess Louise (1728â1733)
5127:Louis CĂ©sar, Count of Vexin
4836:Jean Gaston, Duke of Valois
4710:Christine, Duchess of Savoy
4448:Works by Margaret of Valois
3694:Quoted in Williams, p. 385.
2577:, H. Champion, 2006, p. 89.
2268:John III, Count of Auvergne
2052:Claude, Duchess of Brittany
1906:Charles, Count of AngoulĂȘme
1528:Merian's 1615 plan of Paris
909:governor of the Netherlands
560:Henry de Bourbon of Navarre
531:relations with her mother.
7563:
7422:17th-century French people
7219:Admiral Gaspard de Coligny
6645:Urraca of LeĂłn and Castile
6026:Desiderata of the Lombards
5384:Sophie, Duchess of Louvois
5190:Louis Charles, Count of Eu
5117:Louis, Count of Vermandois
4491:or Google Books
4380:, 1994, Mondadori, Milano
4256:Knecht, Robert J. (1988).
4208:, London: Constable, 1968.
2706:Quoted in Williams, p. 60.
2241:
2125:
1999:
1893:
1665:Théodore Agrippa d'Aubigné
1594:Also in 1614, she entered
1526:, which is illustrated in
777:Joseph Boniface de La Mole
716:Margaret, Queen of Navarre
487:Carlos, Prince of Asturias
310:and the resumption of the
7472:House of Bourbon (France)
7467:House of Valois-AngoulĂȘme
7432:17th-century French women
7375:
7245:Colloquy of Poissy (1561)
7157:Cardinal Silvio Passerini
7044:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
6934:
6896:Wives of hereditary Dukes
6840:
6511:
5837:
5766:
5738:Princess Louise Ălisabeth
5679:
5666:
5638:
5625:
5582:
5569:
5510:
5497:
5425:Xavier, Duke of Aquitaine
5321:
5308:
5036:
5023:
4908:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
4875:
4862:
4846:Philippe, Duke of Orléans
4705:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
4667:
4654:
4604:
4596:
4581:
4572:
4559:
4552:
4517:
4508:at pandemonium.tiscali.de
4158:, Milano, Adelphi, 2008,
3966:"Reign â All It Cost Her"
3799:Dobson, M. and Wells, S.
3653:HĂŽtel de La Rochefoucauld
3552:Davies, Jonathan (2009).
3343:, p. 307; Boucher, p. 388
2311:
2303:
2275:
2253:
2249:
2213:
2191:
2183:
2155:
2133:
2129:
2091:
2084:Anne, Duchess of Brittany
2069:
2061:
2033:
2011:
2007:
1971:
1949:
1941:
1913:
1897:
1731:In literature and fiction
1044:JuliĂĄn Ăñiguez de Medrano
597:François Eudes de Mézeray
181:
172:
39:
7502:French suo jure nobility
7442:Navarrese royal consorts
7437:Queens consort of France
7290:Edict of Beaulieu (1576)
7265:Surprise of Meaux (1567)
7255:Massacre of Vassy (1562)
7189:Louis I, Prince of Condé
6928:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
6457:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
6432:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5832:Royal consorts of France
5750:Henri, Count of Chambord
5415:Princess Marie ZĂ©phyrine
5364:Louis, Dauphin of France
5282:Charles, Duke of Alençon
5069:Louis, Dauphin of France
4924:Louis, Dauphin of France
4575:Queen consort of Navarre
4336:Nicola Mary Sutherland,
4268:, Editions Creer, 1999.
4260:. Duke University Press.
4223:. Yale University Press.
4183:Nancy Goldstone (2015).
4105:Henry IV, King of France
2943:Holt, p. 105â6; Knecht,
2908:Henry IV, King of France
1849:Margot was portrayed by
1753:(Margaret was played by
1566:Queen Margaret in 1610.
894:. The Flemings, who had
286:and the sister of Kings
67:Queen consort of Navarre
7532:16th-century memoirists
7512:French women memoirists
7326:Palace of Fontainebleau
7311:Basilica of Saint-Denis
7306:Palazzo Medici Riccardi
7285:French Wars of Religion
7260:Edict of Amboise (1563)
7129:French Catholic Leagues
5843:List of Frankish queens
5420:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
5369:Philippe, Duke of Anjou
5272:Luis, Count of ChinchĂłn
5223:Louis, Duke of Brittany
5218:Louis, Duke of Brittany
5168:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
5074:Princess Anne Ălisabeth
4992:Louis, Duke of Burgundy
4929:Princess Anne Ălisabeth
4786:Antoine, Count of Moret
4779:Henri, Duke of Verneuil
4720:Gaston, Duke of Orléans
4607:Queen consort of France
4568:Marguerite of AngoulĂȘme
4473:Charles Scribner's Sons
4405:The La Trémoille family
4319:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4176:, Paris, Fayard, 1994.
3703:CastarĂšde, pp. 236â237.
3498:Ăliane Viennot, «
1859:. She is portrayed by
1846:, by Ferdinand Herold.
1580:Basilica of Saint-Denis
1457:Queen Margaret in 1605.
841:François, Duke of Anjou
568:French Wars of Religion
330:and was thus exiled to
318:, she took the side of
312:French Wars of Religion
50:Queen consort of France
7482:French Roman Catholics
7214:Henry I, Duke of Guise
7184:Francis, Duke of Guise
7080:Francis, Duke of Anjou
7056:Louis, Duke of Orléans
6941:
6449:(1814â1815; 1815â1830)
6403:Maria Theresa of Spain
6091:Beatrice of Vermandois
5938:Brunhilda of Austrasia
5783:Archduchess of Austria
5691:Maria Theresa of Savoy
5553:Princess Sophie HĂ©lĂšne
5459:Illegitimate children
5180:Charles, Duke of Berry
5174:King Felipe V of Spain
5007:Louis, Duke of Orléans
5002:Charles, Duke of Berry
4766:CĂ©sar, Duke of VendĂŽme
4419:Marguerite of Valois,
4362:, Paris, Perrin, 2005
3867:. Simon and Schuster.
3842:. Simon and Schuster.
3575:Williams, pp. 361â363.
3446:Williams, pp. 341â342.
3299:Williams, pp. 302â303.
3240:Williams, pp. 283â285.
2989:Williams, pp. 222â224.
2416:Leur divorce fut royal
1575:
1511:
1458:
1433:, bastard son of King
1361:
1323:
1273:and seized power over
1262:
1211:
1194:Francis, Duke of Anjou
1150:
1098:
1080:Francis, Duke of Anjou
1018:
978:
968:
892:Francis, Duke of Anjou
863:
848:
798:
787:. She recorded in her
752:Francis, Duke of Anjou
744:elected king of Poland
727:
645:
629:
555:
520:
509:
497:also did not succeed.
460:Francis, Duke of Anjou
400:
320:Francis, Duke of Anjou
254:
248:
186:
7316:ChĂąteau de Chenonceau
7209:Jeanne III of Navarre
7204:Claude, Duke of Guise
6940:
6923:Marie Anne de Bourbon
6918:Françoise of Lorraine
6803:Marguerite de Navarre
6665:Constance of Toulouse
6165:Adelaide of Maurienne
6125:Adelaide of Aquitaine
6056:Ermentrude of Orléans
6046:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
5468:Charles de Vintimille
5262:Philip, Duke of Parma
5244:Ferdinand VI of Spain
4759:Illegitimate children
4276:Margot, reine d'Usson
4242:Catherine de' Medici.
4219:Kamen, Henry (1997).
3310:Marguerite of Navarre
3053:Williams, pp. 259â60.
1737:Alexandre Dumas, pĂšre
1565:
1539:scholars (among them
1498:
1456:
1439:Henriette d'Entragues
1402:, mother of his son,
1321:
1260:
1208:Franco-Flemish school
1202:
1147:Franco-Flemish school
1140:
1093:Henri of Navarre and
1092:
983:Guy Du Faur de Pibrac
974:
962:
839:
714:
707:Malcontent conspiracy
667:for his famous novel
644:, a Huguenot painter.
634:
553:
503:
491:Sebastian of Portugal
386:
7447:Duchesses of VendĂŽme
7383:Catherine de' Medici
7172:Mary, Queen of Scots
7062:Charles IX of France
7038:Francis II of France
7006:Catherine de' Medici
6956:Henriette of Belgium
6889:Duchesses of VendĂŽme
6716:Clementia of Hungary
6711:Margaret of Burgundy
6339:Elisabeth of Austria
6329:Catherine de' Medici
6230:Clementia of Hungary
6225:Margaret of Burgundy
6205:Margaret of Provence
6185:Isabella of Hainault
6175:Constance of Castile
6170:Eleanor of Aquitaine
6160:Bertrade of Montfort
6061:Richilde of Provence
5249:Charles III of Spain
4997:King Felipe of Spain
4529:Cadet branch of the
4444:at Wikimedia Commons
4442:Marguerite de Valois
4412:Hugh Noel Williams,
4174:Marguerite de Valois
4085:Jacqueline Boucher,
4033:Anselme, pp. 126â128
4021:Anselme, pp. 210â211
3993:Anselme, pp. 131â132
3524:Buisseret, p. 77â78.
3400:Marguerite de Valois
3372:Catherine de' Medici
3341:Marguerite de Valois
3076:Marguerite de Valois
2945:Catherine de' Medici
2839:Marguerite de Valois
2746:Catherine de' Medici
2677:Marguerite de Valois
2505:Moisan, pp. 192-195.
2232:Catherine de' Medici
1787:Charles I of England
1773:Margaret appears in
1767:Love's Labour's Lost
1687:Alexandre Dumas pĂšre
1663:probably written by
1657:Le Divorce Satyrique
1639:Myth of Queen Margot
1443:Catherine de' Medici
1435:Charles IX of France
1340:Pierre de Bourdeille
1333:Elisabeth of Austria
1305:Catherine de' Medici
1056:Love's Labour's Lost
1014:Princesse de Navarre
879:Catherine de' Medici
781:ChĂąteau de Vincennes
540:Le Divorce Satyrique
468:grand tour of France
450:, under the care of
441:Mary, Queen of Scots
417:Catherine de' Medici
359:Alexandre Dumas pĂšre
284:Catherine de' Medici
269:Henry III of Navarre
223:Catherine de' Medici
187:Marguerite de Valois
126:Basilica of St Denis
18:Marguerite of Valois
7331:Notre-Dame de Paris
7194:Michel de l'HĂŽpital
7068:Henry III of France
6903:Françoise d'Alençon
6769:House of TrastĂĄmara
6731:Marie of Luxembourg
6726:Blanche of Burgundy
6683:Margaret of Bourbon
6650:Margaret of L'Aigle
6245:Marie of Luxembourg
6240:Blanche of Burgundy
6190:Ingeborg of Denmark
6076:Théodrate of Troyes
5978:Balthild of Chelles
5673:Charles X of France
5253:Francisco of Spain
5079:Princess Marie Anne
4934:Princess Marie Anne
4831:Princess Marie Anne
4519:Margaret of Valois
4154:Benedetta Craveri,
4118:Cesarina Casanova,
3566:Craveri, pp. 82â83.
3556:. Brill. p. 5.
3533:Boucher, p.378â383.
3258:Craveri, pp. 80â81.
3121:(in Spanish). Orry.
2026:Louis XII of France
1932:Francis I of France
1791:Catherine de Medici
1762:William Shakespeare
1760:The main action of
1670:By 1630, after the
1653:The Satiric Divorce
1600:querelle des femmes
1510:1615 plan of Paris.
1464:Tallemant des RĂ©aux
1449:Last years in Paris
1422:on 5 October 1600.
1400:Gabrielle d'Estrees
1253:Rebellion and exile
1069:Henry III of France
1034:Michel de Montaigne
766:Henriette of Nevers
625:Cardinal de Bourbon
588:refused to grant a
582:Notre Dame de Paris
452:Charlotte de Vienne
433:Elisabeth of Valois
7542:Daughters of kings
7517:Henry IV of France
7452:Countesses of Foix
7350:Patron of the arts
7299:Places in her life
7199:Antoine of Navarre
7178:Philip II of Spain
7145:Clarice de' Medici
7138:People in her life
7097:Groups in her life
7032:Henry II of France
6942:
6913:Margaret of Valois
6822:Margaret of Valois
6759:Eleanor of Castile
6688:Isabella of France
6675:House of Champagne
6635:Agnes of Aquitaine
6597:Andregoto GalĂndez
6503:Eugénie de Montijo
6494:House of Bonaparte
6423:House of Bonaparte
6388:Margaret of Valois
6355:House of Lancaster
6344:Louise of Lorraine
6324:Eleanor of Austria
6299:Charlotte of Savoy
6289:Isabeau of Bavaria
6274:Blanche of Navarre
6210:Isabella of Aragon
6200:Blanche of Castile
6180:Adela of Champagne
6140:Constance of Arles
6135:Bertha of Burgundy
6101:Gerberga of Saxony
5450:Princess Ălisabeth
5354:Princess Henriette
4679:Margaret of Valois
4661:Henry IV of France
4600:Louise of Lorraine
4586:Title next held by
4564:Title last held by
4502:at cybersybils.net
4394:Kathleen Wellman,
4343:Natalie R. Tomas,
4308:Saintsbury, George
4303:, JHU Press, 2009.
4299:Vincent J. Pitts,
4284:Julianne Pidduck,
4172:Janine Garrisson,
3712:CastarĂšde, p. 237.
3267:Moisan, pp. 24â25.
3231:Moisan, pp. 20â21.
2611:Moisan, pp. 14â17.
2551:, p. 207-208.
2461:Moshe Sluhovsky, «
2424:Causeries du lundi
2110:Margaret of Valois
1990:Henry II of France
1785:, consort of King
1749:nominated for the
1735:The 1845 novel of
1676:Cardinal Richelieu
1596:the woman question
1584:François Ravaillac
1576:
1545:Philippe Desportes
1512:
1473:was her chaplain.
1459:
1324:
1263:
1247:La Belle Corisande
1212:
1151:
1143:Louise of Lorraine
1099:
1061:Vicomte de Turenne
979:
969:
875:Kingdom of Navarre
849:
819:Charlotte de Sauve
809:Relations between
728:
646:
556:
546:Vermillion wedding
510:
437:Philip II of Spain
401:
280:Henry II of France
241:Margaret of Valois
213:Henry II of France
139:Henry IV of France
35:Margaret of Valois
7487:Repudiated queens
7477:French memoirists
7457:French princesses
7389:
7388:
7362:Building projects
7321:ChĂąteau d'Amboise
7224:Diane de Poitiers
7174:(daughter-in-law)
6972:
6971:
6855:
6854:
6693:Blanche of Artois
6660:Sancha of Castile
6655:Urraca of Castile
6522:
6521:
6425:(1804â1814; 1815)
6408:Marie LeszczyĆska
6368:Margaret of Anjou
6284:Joanna of Bourbon
6220:Joan I of Navarre
6155:Bertha of Holland
6145:Matilda of Frisia
6086:Eadgifu of Wessex
6066:Adelaide of Paris
6051:Judith of Bavaria
5799:
5798:
5762:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5657:
5621:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5565:
5564:
5561:
5560:
5493:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5379:Princess Victoire
5304:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5014:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4853:
4615:
4614:
4487:Project Gutenberg
4477:Google Books
4452:Project Gutenberg
4440:Media related to
4329:Robert J. Sealy,
4202:Charlotte Haldane
4194:978-1-780-22477-0
4164:978-88-459-2302-9
4128:978-88-581-0991-5
4103:David Buisseret,
3874:978-1-4516-8654-8
3849:978-1-4516-8652-4
3824:978-0-399-12877-6
3751:Casanova, p. 103.
3730:Casanova, p. 105.
3676:Williams, p. 385.
3642:Williams, p. 377.
3602:Williams, p. 369.
3584:Williams, p. 366.
3542:Buisseret, p. 79.
3489:Buisseret, p. 77.
3411:Williams, p. 337.
3361:Williams, p. 329.
3044:Williams, p. 247.
2980:Pitts, pp. 81â82.
2795:Pitts, pp. 61â65.
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2326:Jeanne of Bourbon
1866:The Serpent Queen
1843:Le pré aux clercs
1795:The Italian Woman
1628:French Revolution
1602:) in response to
1572:Peter Paul Rubens
1557:Théophile de Viau
1431:Count of Auvergne
1415:Pope Clement VIII
1168:La Belle Fosseuse
1122:La Belle Fosseuse
1118:La Belle Fosseuse
1103:Jacques de Harlay
1095:La Belle Fosseuse
1022:Agrippa d'Aubigné
1000:, capital of the
965:Nicholas Hilliard
868:Edict of Beaulieu
695:with her brother
586:Pope Gregory XIII
456:ChĂąteau d'Amboise
238:
237:
192:
191:
16:(Redirected from
7554:
7507:French duchesses
7381:
7380:
7341:ChĂąteau of Blois
7336:Palais du Louvre
7151:Pope Clement VII
7114:House of Bourbon
6999:
6992:
6985:
6976:
6882:
6875:
6868:
6859:
6827:Marie de' Medici
6813:House of Bourbon
6640:Bertha of Aragon
6611:Jimena FernĂĄndez
6607:Urraca FernĂĄndez
6584:House of Jiménez
6567:House of Ăñiguez
6549:
6542:
6535:
6526:
6475:House of Orléans
6447:House of Bourbon
6413:Marie Antoinette
6393:Marie de' Medici
6379:House of Bourbon
6319:Claude of France
6304:Anne of Brittany
6269:Joan of Burgundy
6215:Marie of Brabant
6195:Agnes of Merania
6016:Bertrada of Laon
5826:
5819:
5812:
5803:
5792:
5772:
5681:
5668:
5640:
5627:
5599:
5584:
5571:
5512:
5499:
5389:Princess ThérÚse
5323:
5310:
5240:Felipe of Spain
5237:Felipe of Spain
5233:Louis I of Spain
5038:
5025:
4877:
4864:
4746:Madeleine (1556)
4684:Marie de' Medici
4669:
4656:
4648:House of Bourbon
4641:
4634:
4627:
4618:
4597:Preceded by
4590:Marie de' Medici
4548:
4541:
4532:Capetian dynasty
4515:
4461:Internet Archive
4439:
4409:
4391:
4376:Ăliane Viennot,
4373:
4358:Ăliane Viennot,
4326:
4315:
4281:
4271:
4261:
4238:Robert J. Knecht
4228:Robert J. Knecht
4224:
4198:
4179:
4169:
4151:
4136:Jean CastarĂšde,
4133:
4100:
4069:
4046:
4043:
4034:
4031:
4022:
4019:
4010:
4007:
3994:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3962:
3956:
3945:World Book, Inc.
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3780:
3774:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3731:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3659:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3634:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3616:
3609:
3603:
3600:
3594:
3593:Wellman, p. 308.
3591:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3534:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3507:
3496:
3490:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3472:
3466:
3460:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3403:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3381:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3344:
3337:
3331:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3297:
3291:
3288:
3277:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3196:
3187:
3184:
3178:
3172:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3148:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3066:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3045:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3003:
2996:
2990:
2987:
2981:
2978:
2972:
2966:
2960:
2954:
2948:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2904:
2898:
2892:
2886:
2883:
2872:
2871:Boucher, p. 191.
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2850:Wellman, p. 278.
2848:
2842:
2835:
2829:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2755:
2749:
2742:
2733:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2689:
2688:Williams, p. 39.
2686:
2680:
2673:
2667:
2666:Wellman, p. 280.
2664:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2643:
2637:
2634:
2625:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2586:Williams, p. 11.
2584:
2578:
2571:
2565:
2558:
2552:
2546:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2527:Wellman, p. 277.
2525:
2519:
2512:
2506:
2503:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2459:
2453:
2446:
2440:
2433:
2427:
2412:
2391:
2389:Biography portal
2386:
2385:
2384:
2206:Alfonsina Orsini
2148:Piero de' Medici
1887:
1878:
1861:Philippine Velge
1851:Rebecca Liddiard
1838:Australian Opera
1809:MĂ©dicis Daughter
1779:Myself, My Enemy
1764:'s early comedy
1680:Marie de' Medici
1672:Day of the Dupes
1553:Etienne Pasquier
1549:François Maynard
1541:Marie de Gournay
1490:Gaston of France
1488:birth of Prince
1485:Marie de' Medici
1420:Marie de' Medici
1243:Diane d'Andouins
1239:heir presumptive
1133:Scandal in Paris
1065:Henry of Navarre
1048:La Silva Curiosa
1008:did not apply:
976:ChĂąteau de NĂ©rac
928:Army of Flanders
805:A divided family
736:heir presumptive
265:Queen of Navarre
257:
174:
166:
164:
160:
156:
152:
109:
78:
61:
44:
32:
21:
7562:
7561:
7557:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7552:
7551:
7462:Dukes of Valois
7392:
7391:
7390:
7385:
7371:
7367:Court Festivals
7345:
7294:
7228:
7147:(paternal aunt)
7133:
7109:House of Valois
7104:House of Medici
7096:
7090:
7008:
7003:
6973:
6968:
6943:
6932:
6908:Jeanne d'Albret
6891:
6886:
6856:
6851:
6848:Queen of France
6844:Queen of Aragon
6836:
6832:Anne of Austria
6815:- Lower Navarre
6807:
6796:- Lower Navarre
6794:House of Albret
6788:
6783:Agnes of Cleves
6763:
6746:House of Ăvreux
6740:
6697:
6669:
6578:
6562:
6553:
6523:
6518:
6507:
6488:
6469:
6441:
6417:
6398:Anne of Austria
6373:
6348:
6260:House of Valois
6254:
6130:Rozala of Italy
6110:
6001:
5992:
5853:
5852:
5833:
5830:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5770:
5754:
5727:
5695:
5675:
5654:
5634:
5613:
5593:
5578:
5557:
5526:
5506:
5485:
5460:
5454:
5398:
5337:
5317:
5296:
5210:
5204:
5156:
5104:
5098:
5057:
5032:
5011:
4984:
4978:
4912:
4891:
4871:
4850:
4799:
4754:
4729:
4688:
4663:
4650:
4645:
4610:
4602:
4587:
4578:
4565:
4542:
4536:
4535:
4527:
4520:
4512:
4432:
4401:
4389:
4371:
4306:
4286:La Reine Margot
4279:
4274:Alain Mourgue,
4269:
4264:Michel Moisan,
4255:
4221:Philip of Spain
4218:
4195:
4182:
4177:
4167:
4149:
4131:
4098:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4037:
4032:
4025:
4020:
4013:
4008:
3997:
3992:
3985:
3975:
3973:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3898:
3896:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3825:
3815:Myself My Enemy
3812:
3811:
3807:
3798:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:La Reine Margot
3768:
3764:
3759:
3755:
3750:
3746:
3741:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3707:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3684:
3680:
3675:
3671:
3667:Craveri, p. 83.
3666:
3662:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:Craveri, p. 85.
3623:
3619:
3610:
3606:
3601:
3597:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3579:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3510:
3497:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3457:Amanti e regine
3454:
3450:
3445:
3441:
3431:
3429:
3420:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3406:
3397:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3369:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3307:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:Craveri, p. 80.
3289:
3280:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3253:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3226:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3185:
3181:
3173:
3169:
3161:
3157:
3149:
3145:
3139:
3135:
3131:Craveri, p. 79.
3130:
3126:
3114:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3073:
3069:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3018:
3010:
3006:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2979:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2905:
2901:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2845:
2836:
2832:
2824:
2820:
2816:Craveri, p. 65.
2815:
2811:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2781:
2777:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2752:
2743:
2736:
2727:
2723:
2714:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2697:Craveri, p. 69.
2696:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2674:
2670:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2600:La Reine Margot
2597:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2572:
2568:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2543:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2522:
2516:Regine per caso
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2475:
2471:
2460:
2456:
2452:, p. 7, p. 195.
2447:
2443:
2434:
2430:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2372:
1964:Louise of Savoy
1875:
1834:Joan Sutherland
1783:Henrietta Maria
1755:Isabelle Adjani
1742:La Reine Margot
1733:
1725:Patrice Chéreau
1720:La Reine Margot
1692:La Reine Margot
1641:
1636:
1589:Estates General
1508:MatthÀus Merian
1471:Vincent de Paul
1451:
1387:
1379:Joseph Scaliger
1312:Catholic League
1301:castle of Usson
1267:Catholic League
1255:
1220:King of Navarre
1190:Duke of Joyeuse
1186:Duke of Epernon
1135:
987:King of Navarre
953:
941:Bussy d'Amboise
913:Juan of Austria
888:
831:Bussy d'Amboise
823:Flying Squadron
807:
724:John of Austria
722:, c. 1572. Don
720:François Clouet
709:
670:La Reine Margot
665:Alexandre Dumas
642:François Dubois
621:Bishop's palace
575:Jeanne d'Albret
548:
506:François Clouet
495:Archduke Rudolf
477:chief minister
395:, Margaret and
381:
376:
355:La Reine Margot
328:Catholic League
273:Queen of France
267:by marriage to
255:La Reine Margot
168:
148:
144:
141:
128:
111:
107:
91:
76:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7560:
7558:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7394:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7353:
7351:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7313:
7308:
7302:
7300:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7175:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7148:
7141:
7139:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7119:House of Guise
7116:
7111:
7106:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7091:
7089:
7088:
7083:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7053:
7047:
7041:
7035:
7029:
7023:
7016:
7014:
7010:
7009:
7004:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6987:
6979:
6970:
6969:
6967:
6966:
6959:
6951:
6949:
6948:Courtesy title
6945:
6944:
6935:
6933:
6931:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6899:
6897:
6893:
6892:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6877:
6870:
6862:
6853:
6852:
6841:
6838:
6837:
6835:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6816:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6799:
6797:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6779:
6777:Juana EnrĂquez
6773:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6756:
6754:Joan of Valois
6750:
6748:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6738:
6736:Joan of Ăvreux
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6707:
6705:
6703:House of Capet
6699:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6679:
6677:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6632:
6627:
6622:
6617:
6612:
6609:
6604:
6602:Teresa RamĂrez
6599:
6594:
6588:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6577:
6576:
6570:
6568:
6564:
6563:
6556:Royal consorts
6554:
6552:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6529:
6520:
6519:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6506:
6505:
6499:
6497:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6480:
6478:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6467:
6460:
6452:
6450:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6384:
6382:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6363:
6361:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6341:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6311:
6309:Joan of France
6306:
6301:
6296:
6294:Marie of Anjou
6291:
6286:
6281:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6256:
6255:
6253:
6252:
6250:Joan of Ăvreux
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6121:
6119:
6116:House of Capet
6112:
6111:
6109:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6096:Emma of France
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6012:
6010:
5994:
5993:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5864:
5862:
5855:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5845:
5839:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5828:
5821:
5814:
5806:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5785:
5779:
5773:
5767:
5764:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5739:
5735:
5733:
5729:
5728:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5717:
5709:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5687:
5685:
5677:
5676:
5671:
5664:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5646:
5644:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5615:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5601:
5600:
5590:
5588:
5580:
5579:
5574:
5567:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5534:
5532:
5528:
5527:
5525:
5524:
5518:
5516:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5495:
5494:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5475:
5470:
5464:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5345:
5343:
5339:
5338:
5336:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5319:
5318:
5313:
5306:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5206:
5205:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5170:
5164:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5108:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5065:
5063:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5050:
5044:
5042:
5034:
5033:
5028:
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4554:French royalty
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4509:
4503:
4497:
4496:
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4483:
4468:(in English):
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4430:External links
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4211:Marc P. Holt,
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4095:978-2862720807
4083:
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3972:. 22 June 2017
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3404:
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3391:
3389:Sealy, p. 125.
3382:
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3354:
3352:Moisan, p. 58.
3345:
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3330:Moisan, p. 30.
3323:
3321:Moisan, p. 29.
3314:
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3276:Moisan, p. 27.
3269:
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3210:, pp. 224â228.
3200:
3198:Moisan, p. 24.
3188:
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3179:
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3080:
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3065:, pp. 210â211.
3055:
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2573:Bruno MĂ©niel,
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1807:'s 2015 novel
1805:Sophie Perinot
1732:
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1701:Jules Michelet
1640:
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1231:Mont-de-Marsan
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1084:peace of Fleix
952:
951:Court of NĂ©rac
949:
887:
884:
843:. Portrait by
806:
803:
738:, his brother
718:. Portrait by
708:
705:
701:"Reine Margot"
605:"Reine Margot"
562:, the leading
547:
544:
528:Henry of Guise
431:. Her sister,
380:
377:
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357:, invented by
271:and then also
261:Valois dynasty
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6464:Marie-ThérÚse
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6117:
6113:
6107:
6106:Emma of Italy
6104:
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5774:
5769:
5768:
5765:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:Grandchildren
5730:
5723:
5721:
5718:
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5715:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5702:
5698:
5692:
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5428:
5426:
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5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:Grandchildren
5401:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
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5350:
5347:
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5334:
5331:
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5328:
5324:
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5307:
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5280:
5278:
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5268:
5265:
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5260:
5258:
5255:
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5245:
5242:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5211:grandchildren
5207:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:Grandchildren
5159:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
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5022:
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5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4987:
4985:grandchildren
4981:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4919:
4917:Grandchildren
4915:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4888:
4885:
4884:
4882:
4878:
4874:
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4865:
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4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4808:
4806:
4804:Grandchildren
4802:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
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4555:
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4547:27 March 1615
4546:
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4397:
4393:
4387:
4386:88-04-37694-5
4383:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4368:2-262-02377-8
4365:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4353:0-7546-0777-1
4350:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4320:
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4309:
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4294:1-84511-100-1
4291:
4287:
4283:
4277:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4254:
4251:
4250:0-582-08241-2
4247:
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4217:
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4147:
4146:2-7048-0708-6
4143:
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4129:
4125:
4121:
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4114:
4113:0-04-445635-2
4110:
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3984:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3953:0-7166-0491-4
3950:
3946:
3942:
3939:"Australia."
3936:
3933:
3921:
3917:
3910:
3907:
3895:
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3776:
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3766:
3763:
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3754:
3748:
3745:
3742:Moisan, p. 7.
3739:
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3724:
3718:
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3709:
3706:
3700:
3697:
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3081:
3077:
3071:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3041:
3038:
3035:Pitts, p. 82.
3032:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3017:
3013:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
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2764:
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2754:
2751:
2747:
2744:R.J. Knecht,
2741:
2739:
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2725:
2722:
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2709:
2703:
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2694:
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2583:
2580:
2576:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2545:
2542:
2539:, p. 74.
2538:
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2020:
2017:
2016:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1975:
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1969:
1968:
1965:
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1958:
1955:
1954:
1945:
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1939:
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1911:
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1862:
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1831:
1830:
1829:Les Huguenots
1825:
1820:
1818:
1817:9781250072092
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1800:Queen Jezebel
1796:
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1756:
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1738:
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1726:
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1721:
1714:
1710:
1708:
1707:
1706:Ancien RĂ©gime
1702:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1666:
1662:
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1573:
1570:(detail), by
1569:
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1554:
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1537:
1533:
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1525:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1478:Dauphin Louis
1474:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1455:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
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1412:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1369:Honoré d'Urfé
1366:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1282:
1280:
1277:, one of her
1276:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1221:
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1209:
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1187:
1183:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1163:
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1157:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1107:platonic love
1104:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
977:
973:
966:
961:
957:
950:
948:
946:
942:
938:
937:
931:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
905:
900:
897:
893:
885:
883:
880:
876:
871:
869:
862:
857:
855:
846:
842:
838:
834:
832:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
804:
802:
797:
792:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
762:
755:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
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687:
682:
680:
674:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
653:
651:
643:
639:
638:
633:
628:
626:
622:
618:
612:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
587:
583:
578:
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571:
569:
565:
561:
552:
545:
543:
541:
536:
532:
529:
525:
519:
514:
507:
502:
498:
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492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
471:
469:
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
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438:
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430:
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422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
398:
394:
390:
385:
378:
373:
371:
368:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
340:platonic love
335:
333:
329:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
270:
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258:
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242:
234:
231:
227:
224:
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217:
214:
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201:
199:
195:
188:
184:
180:
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140:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
106:27 March 1615
105:
101:
98:
94:
89:
85:
81:
75:
71:
68:
64:
58:
54:
51:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
7180:(son-in-law)
7073:
6961:
6954:
6912:
6821:
6781:
6514:
6462:
6455:
6437:Marie Louise
6387:
6366:
6358:
6353:
6150:Anne of Kiev
5998:Carolingians
5973:Bertechildis
5859:Merovingians
5741:Prince Louis
5714:Mademoiselle
5713:
5605:
5172:
5103:Illegitimate
4678:
4605:
4588:
4582:
4573:
4566:
4560:
4544:
4537:
4530:
4522:
4511:
4465:
4420:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4390:(in Italian)
4377:
4359:
4344:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4317:
4300:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4257:
4241:
4231:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4184:
4173:
4168:(in Italian)
4155:
4137:
4132:(in Italian)
4119:
4104:
4086:
4081:OCLC 347527.
4076:
4065:
4060:
4052:Bibliography
4009:Whale, p. 43
3974:. Retrieved
3969:
3960:
3940:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3919:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3893:
3883:
3864:
3858:
3839:
3833:
3814:
3808:
3800:
3795:
3784:Queen Margot
3783:
3778:
3770:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3726:
3717:
3708:
3699:
3690:
3681:
3672:
3663:
3652:
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3612:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3580:
3571:
3562:
3553:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3503:
3494:
3485:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3459:, pp. 81â82.
3456:
3451:
3442:
3430:. Retrieved
3425:
3416:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3385:
3375:
3371:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3340:
3335:
3326:
3317:
3309:
3308:Chamberlin,
3304:
3295:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3207:
3203:
3182:
3174:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3150:
3146:
3136:
3127:
3117:
3110:
3098:. Retrieved
3096:(in Spanish)
3093:
3083:
3075:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3031:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2968:
2964:
2956:
2952:
2944:
2939:
2931:
2927:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2867:
2859:
2855:
2846:
2838:
2833:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2807:, pp. 65â67.
2804:
2800:
2791:
2786:, pp. 51â52.
2783:
2778:
2770:
2766:
2758:
2753:
2745:
2729:
2724:
2716:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2662:
2653:
2645:
2641:
2621:
2616:
2607:
2599:
2582:
2574:
2569:
2562:Queen Margot
2561:
2556:
2544:
2532:
2523:
2515:
2510:
2501:
2496:, pp. 23-28.
2493:
2488:
2477:
2472:
2463:
2457:
2449:
2444:
2436:
2431:
2423:
2420:Sainte-Beuve
2415:
2410:
2109:
1864:
1854:
1848:
1841:
1827:
1821:
1808:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1778:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1747:1994 version
1740:
1734:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1690:
1684:
1669:
1656:
1652:
1645:nymphomaniac
1642:
1624:
1615:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1593:
1577:
1574:, 1622â1625.
1567:
1536:Jean Bullant
1531:
1523:
1513:
1504:Jean Bullant
1499:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1460:
1428:
1424:
1408:
1396:
1388:
1372:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1309:
1298:
1291:
1283:
1264:
1246:
1245:, nicknamed
1235:
1224:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1179:
1176:
1167:
1164:
1160:Queen-Mother
1152:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1073:
1054:
1052:
1037:
1019:
1011:
991:
980:
954:
934:
932:
925:
920:
901:
889:
872:
864:
859:
853:
850:
845:Jean Decourt
827:
815:marital debt
808:
799:
794:
788:
784:
774:
759:
756:
729:
715:
700:
688:
683:
678:
675:
668:
660:
656:
654:
647:
635:
616:
614:
608:
604:
595:
590:dispensation
579:
572:
557:
539:
537:
533:
523:
521:
516:
511:
472:
464:
445:
403:Margaret of
402:
363:nymphomaniac
354:
352:
348:royal courts
343:
336:
324:
277:
252:
240:
239:
108:(1615-03-27)
29:
7492:Nostradamus
7407:1615 deaths
7402:1553 births
7162:Jean Fernel
7086:Descendants
6496:(1852â1870)
6477:(1830â1848)
6381:(1589â1792)
6359:(1422â1453)
6334:Mary Stuart
6262:(1328â1589)
5988:Chrothildis
5968:Wulfefundis
5963:Ragintrudis
5918:Austregilde
5913:Theudechild
5632:Louis XVIII
5596:Louis XVIII
5435:Louis XVIII
4540:14 May 1553
4372:(in French)
4280:(in French)
4270:(in French)
4178:(in French)
4150:(in French)
4099:(in French)
4045:Tomas, p. 7
3611:CastarĂšde,
3100:28 December
3088:Yumpu.com.
2934:, p. 112â3.
2906:Buisseret,
2862:, pp. 68â9.
2679:, p. 39â43.
2675:Garrisson,
2549:Knecht 1988
1775:Jean Plaidy
1271:coup d'Ă©tat
1226:casus belli
1172:Champvallon
1028:, the poet
761:coup d'Ă©tat
748:Malcontents
475:Philip II's
316:Malcontents
263:who became
233:Catholicism
90:14 May 1553
7396:Categories
7095:Dynasties/
7076:(daughter)
7052:(daughter)
7046:(daughter)
6314:Mary Tudor
6118:(987â1328)
6003:Robertians
5953:Gomentrude
5928:Galswintha
5873:Ultragotha
5576:Louis XVII
5548:Louis XVII
4869:Louis XIII
4700:Louis XIII
4611:1589â1599
4579:1572â1599
4471:New York,
3817:. Putnam.
3426:Britannica
3422:"Henry IV"
2560:Williams,
2537:Kamen 1997
2514:Casanova,
2403:References
1777:'s novel,
1649:incestuous
1210:, c. 1582.
1206:(detail),
1149:, c. 1582.
1145:(detail),
732:Charles IX
601:Charles IX
425:Charles IX
421:Francis II
393:Charles IX
379:Early life
292:Charles IX
288:Francis II
249:Marguerite
157:;
7547:Annulment
7522:Mediation
7124:Huguenots
7034:(husband)
6625:Placentia
6620:Stephanie
6615:Muniadona
6081:Frederuna
6071:Richardis
6031:Hildegard
6009:(751â987)
5983:Bilichild
5933:Fredegund
5908:Marcovefa
5903:Merofleda
5898:Ingoberga
5861:(509â751)
5684:Spouse(s)
5643:Spouse(s)
5515:Spouse(s)
5504:Louis XVI
5440:Charles X
5430:Louis XVI
5326:Spouse(s)
5041:Spouse(s)
5030:Louis XIV
4903:Louis XIV
4880:Spouse(s)
4841:Louis XIV
4672:Spouse(s)
3976:16 August
3899:16 August
3455:Craveri,
3398:Viennot,
3339:Viennot,
3312:, p. 240.
3222:, p. 229.
3177:, p. 221.
3165:, p. 214.
3153:, p. 211.
3094:yumpu.com
3078:, p. 121.
3074:Viennot,
3026:, p. 198.
3014:, p. 175.
2971:, p. 115.
2959:, p. 108.
2837:Viennot,
2761:, p. 357.
2757:Viennot,
2748:, p. 153.
2728:Boucher,
2598:Pidduck,
2439:, p. 306.
2435:Wellman,
1824:Meyerbeer
1516:Left Bank
1502:built by
1411:eclampsia
1391:annulment
1346:entitled
1344:panegyric
1279:appanages
1156:Henry III
730:In 1573,
429:Henry III
397:Henry III
304:Huguenots
300:Catholics
296:Henry III
7153:(cousin)
7028:(mother)
7022:(father)
6041:Luitgard
6036:Fastrada
6021:Gerberga
6007:Bosonids
5958:Nanthild
5948:Sichilde
5943:Bertrude
5923:Audovera
5883:Radegund
5878:Guntheuc
5868:Clotilde
5781:also an
5775:also an
5712:Sophie,
5700:Children
5531:Children
5461:included
5342:Children
5315:Louis XV
5228:Louis XV
5105:children
5062:Children
4896:Children
4734:Siblings
4693:Children
4310:(1911).
3947:, 1991.
3943:Chicago:
3789:AllMovie
3615:, p. 12.
3471:, p. 29.
3432:31 March
3370:Knecht,
2947:, p. 186
2922:, p. 72.
2897:, p. 70.
2828:, p. 67.
2782:Knecht,
2732:, p. 25.
2719:, p. 60.
2648:, p. 43.
2624:, p. 39.
2620:Knecht,
2602:, p. 19.
2448:Moisan,
2375:See also
1873:Ancestry
1661:pamphlet
1374:L'Astrée
1294:Auvergne
1188:and the
1158:and the
945:Bastille
907:met the
673:(1845).
564:Huguenot
413:Henry II
332:Auvergne
302:and the
229:Religion
116:, France
6846:. Also
6630:Felicia
6560:Navarre
6515:italics
5893:Aregund
4459:at the
3925:16 June
3469:Memoirs
3220:Memoirs
3208:Memoirs
3175:Memoirs
3163:Memoirs
3151:Memoirs
3063:Memoirs
3024:Memoirs
3012:Memoirs
2969:Memoirs
2957:Memoirs
2932:Memoirs
2920:Memoirs
2895:Memoirs
2860:Memoirs
2826:Memoirs
2805:Memoirs
2771:Memoirs
2715:Pitts,
2646:Memoirs
2564:, p. 3.
2492:Sealy,
2482:369-383
2476:Merki,
1522:in the
1518:of the
1365:Memoirs
1352:Memoirs
1181:mignons
1127:Memoirs
1076:Guyenne
936:mignons
921:Memoirs
854:Memoirs
847:(1576).
789:Memoirs
686:libelle
684:In the
679:Memoirs
661:Memoirs
657:Memoirs
655:In her
609:Memoirs
524:Memoirs
483:Bayonne
389:Francis
344:Memoirs
167:
147:
143:
7233:Events
7013:Family
5888:Ingund
4983:Great
4583:Vacant
4561:Vacant
4543:
4479:
4398:, 2013
4384:
4366:
4351:
4340:(1973)
4292:
4248:
4234:, 1989
4191:
4162:
4144:
4126:
4111:
4093:
3951:
3871:
3846:
3821:
3141:court.
2998:Holt,
2910:, p. 9
2480:, pp.
1826:opera
1815:
1634:Legacy
1532:hostel
1530:; the
1377:, and
1287:Carlat
1039:Essays
1002:Albret
967:(1577)
911:, Don
742:, was
693:incest
448:Claude
405:Valois
367:incest
245:French
219:Mother
209:Father
203:Valois
183:French
161:
153:
133:Spouse
121:Burial
97:France
73:Tenure
56:Tenure
7082:(son)
7070:(son)
7064:(son)
7058:(son)
7040:(son)
6842:Also
6574:Auria
5771:Notes
5209:Great
4545:Died:
4538:Born:
4506:Image
4500:Image
4064:[
3502:» in
1856:Reign
1659:), a
1520:Seine
1404:CĂ©sar
1006:BĂ©arn
998:NĂ©rac
917:Namur
811:Henry
740:Henry
697:Henry
198:House
177:Names
165:)
149:(
145:
114:Paris
7357:Arts
6592:Toda
6005:and
5787:both
5604:See
5587:Note
4382:ISBN
4364:ISBN
4349:ISBN
4290:ISBN
4246:ISBN
4189:ISBN
4160:ISBN
4142:ISBN
4124:ISBN
4109:ISBN
4091:ISBN
3978:2018
3949:ISBN
3927:2014
3901:2018
3869:ISBN
3844:ISBN
3819:ISBN
3434:2022
3102:2023
2324:15.
2266:14.
2204:13.
2146:12.
2082:11.
2024:10.
1813:ISBN
1647:and
1275:Agen
1184:the
1032:and
768:and
617:coët
493:and
427:and
415:and
374:Life
365:and
294:and
282:and
163:1599
159:ann.
155:1572
103:Died
87:Born
6558:of
4450:at
3787:at
3377:sic
2292:7.
2230:3.
2172:6.
2108:1.
2050:5.
1988:2.
1962:9.
1930:4.
1904:8.
1757:).
1723:by
1559:).
994:Pau
904:Spa
652:).
481:at
7398::
4388:.
4370:.
4316:.
4240:,
4230:,
4204:,
4166:.
4148:.
4130:.
4097:.
4075:,
4038:^
4026:^
4014:^
3998:^
3986:^
3968:.
3918:.
3892:.
3735:^
3424:.
3281:^
3191:^
3092:.
2876:^
2737:^
2629:^
2591:^
1869:.
1803:.
1739:,
1709:.
1674:,
1630:.
1555:,
1551:,
1547:,
1543:,
1466:.
1129:.
1086:.
1071:.
1063:.
930:.
870:.
856::
833:.
791::
772:.
703:.
443:.
423:,
391:,
350:.
290:,
247::
185::
151:m.
95:,
6998:e
6991:t
6984:v
6881:e
6874:t
6867:v
6850:.
6548:e
6541:t
6534:v
6517:.
6000:,
5825:e
5818:t
5811:v
5610:.
4640:e
4633:t
4626:v
4494:.
4482:.
4355:.
4296:.
4252:.
4197:.
4115:.
3980:.
3955:.
3929:.
3903:.
3877:.
3852:.
3827:.
3436:.
3104:.
2414:"
1811:(
1655:(
1598:(
1097:.
399:.
243:(
20:)
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