398:
force." Author Mavis Curtis wrote that Davies "set the agenda for the Guild for thirty-two years when she retired in 1921" and that her "forceful personality and firmly held beliefs remained a guiding force in the Guid for many, many years." Banks considered that "although undoubtedly a profound influence on the guild, Davies was not an autocrat. Her particular talent was to draw out working-class women to speak or write of their own experiences." The authors of Davies's entry in the
269:. A year later, she was elected to the Guild's national executive committee. Davies and her friend Rosalind Mary Shore Smith researched profit-sharing workshops in 1888, and recommended against their adoption by the movement. She was appointed as general secretary of the Guild in 1889, retaining that role until 1921. During her tenure, the Guild became far more politically active than it previously had been. The same year that she became general secretary, the family moved to
410:, commenting that Davies imposed her own beliefs, shaped by her class and background as an unmarried woman without children, on to working class women, and ignored anyone within the Guild that disagreed with her. Blaszak ascribes Davies's position within the Guild to a talent for administration and following up on the ideas of others rather than to Davies possessing qualities of true leadership.
299:
Co-operative system, no individuals can make fortunes, Co-operators evidently believing, like the old writer, that "money is like muck, no good unless it is spread." No "profits" are made; the surplus, inseparable from trading, is shared among the purchasers, according to the amount each spends. Capital becomes the tool of labour, and not its master.
33:
338:
members, and led to a stoppage of the annual grant of ÂŖ400 to the Guild from the central board of the Co-operative Union. Davies stood by the policy as agreed by the congress, and the Guild's work was funded from branches until the restoration of the grant four years later. Davies was a committed
333:
on divorce law reform, and the Guild began to advocate for divorce equality. At this time, for example, adultery could only be the basis for divorce of committed by a woman, not by her husband. In 1912 the Guild adopted a policy, supported by its annual congress, that a married couple should be
298:
How little is it realised by economists and others that Co-operation is the beginning of a great revolution! The
Movement shows in practice that there is nothing visionary or impossible in the aspirations of those who desire to see the Community in control, instead of the Capitalists. Under the
397:
described Davies as "In terms of personal qualities and disinterested idealism ... by far the greatest woman who has been actively identified with the
British Co-Operative Movement" and identifying her appointment as general secretary as the precursor to becoming "a really powerful progressive
381:, a history of the Guild to that point. Harris retired at the same time as Davies. Neither Davies or Harris had been paid for their work for the Guild, which helped the organisation to remain financially stable even during the period when funding from the central board was suspended.
435:
wrote that Davies had been "largely forgotten ... it is good to be reminded that under her leadership the Women's Co-operative Guild campaigned not just for a living wage, equal divorce laws and improvements in welfare, but also for universal suffrage." In 2020,
313:
During Davies' term as general secretary, she oversaw an emphasis on achieving the fourth of the Guild's stated aims, "to improve the conditions of women all over the country." She encouraged the Guild's promotion of social reforms, including for women's
373:(1993), as a "turning point" in the organization's history; her tenure ushered in an era of unprecedented growth and success for the Guild. Davies was considered such a significant figure in the Guild, and her retirement such a loss, that
836:
939:
318:, whilst activities like sewing classes were relegated by the organisation. From 1893, branches discussed women's suffrage and collected signatures for petitions supporting it. Her personal views, combining
289:
that "it was soon obvious ... that
Margaret had found more than a co-worker, for Lilian was to be her life-long friend and companion." In 1908, Davies's father retired, and Davies and Harris moved to
180:
from 1889 until 1921. Her election has been described as a "turning point" in the organization's history, increasing its political activity and beginning an era of unprecedented growth and success.
406:(2000), historian Barbara Blaszak says that earlier sources had failed to examine Davies's performance of the role of general secretary critically. She compares Davies to a colonial
797:
931:
402:(1972) say that Davies "was largely responsible for developing the Women's Guild ... as a pressure group of considerable influence for women's rights." In her book
358:, a book based on the letters from Guild member about their experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and raising children. In 1931, she was the editor of
558:
1064:
197:(1915), a book based on letters from Guild members about their experiences of pregnancy, childbirth and raising children. She was the editor of
374:
262:
181:
440:, a biography by Ruth Cohen, was published. There is a commemorative plaque to Davies in the churchyard of St Mary's Church, Kirkby Lonsdale.
1079:
897:
867:
830:
744:
714:
633:
605:
516:
334:
allowed to divorce after a separation period of two years. This was objected to by some members of the co-operative movement, including its
281:. In Kirkby Lonsdale, Davies worked closely with Lilian Harris, who became the Guild's cashier in 1893 and its assistant secretary in 1901.
1094:
1089:
1074:
1039:
1024:
278:
1034:
1019:
265:. She joined the Marylebone Co-operative Society in 1886, and shortly afterward was elected as secretary of the Marylebone group of the
820:
1054:
667:
793:
414:
1059:
1029:
1014:
764:
477:
976:
427:
266:
177:
101:
1049:
1044:
348:
822:
Feminism, Femininity and the
Politics of Working Women: The Women's Co-Operative Guild, 1880s to the Second World War
1084:
1069:
258:
242:
226:
238:
737:
Matriarchs of the movement : female leadership and gender politics within the
English cooperative movement
626:
Feminism and the politics of working women : the Women's Co-operative Guild, 1880s to the Second World War
404:
Matriarchs of the movement : female leadership and gender politics within the
English cooperative movement
186:
161:
274:
413:
After retiring from the Guild, Davies continued to support the pacifist movement. She was a founder of the
221:. Davies' parents were involved in radical intellectual movements when she was a child. Her father was the
155:
1009:
1004:
218:
176:(16 October 1861 â 28 May 1944) was a British social activist who served as general secretary of the
136:
246:
230:
115:
932:"Online talk, 'Margaret Llewelyn Davies: a great campaigning activist who was ahead of her time'"
201:(1931), a collection of Guild members' reflections, which included an introduction by her friend
369:
Davies's election as general secretary was described by Jean Gaffin and David Thoms, authors of
362:, a collection of Guild members' reflections, which included an introduction by Davies' friend
893:
863:
826:
740:
710:
663:
658:
Bellamy, Joyce M.; Bing, H.F.; Saville, John (1972). Bellamy, Joyce M.; Saville, John (eds.).
629:
601:
512:
456:
the Oxford dictionary of
National Biography has the year as 1909; Banks (1985) has it as 1910.
385:, who had been Davies's private secretary since 1917, succeeded Davies as general secretary.
563:
330:
184:
considered Davies's retirement such a significant loss for the Guild that she began writing
245:. Many of her extended family were also politically active, especially around the issue of
270:
32:
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382:
363:
335:
202:
998:
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120:
234:
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485:
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702:
432:
417:, with Enfield and others, in 1921. From 1924 to 1928, she was the chair of the
344:
282:
567:
553:
407:
214:
57:
890:
Caring & sharing: the centenary history of the Co-operative Women's Guild
371:
Caring & sharing: the centenary history of the Co-operative Women's Guild
319:
290:
233:
groups, and was also involved in the early co-operative movement. Her aunt,
765:"Margaret Llewelyn Davies (1861â1944) and the Women's Co-operative Guild"
340:
323:
315:
257:
Davies worked as a voluntary sanitary inspector and was impressed by the
217:, London, the youngest of seven children born to Mary (nÊe Crompton) and
422:
80:
61:
916:(20 October 2017). "Mavis Curtis: What the suffragists did next".
222:
213:
Margaret
Caroline Llewelyn Davies was born on 16 October 1861 in
418:
425:, where Davies died on 28 May 1944. In a 2017 book review in
293:, where her father stayed with them until his death in 1916.
241:, where Margaret studied from 1881 to 1883, after attending
205:. Davies was a prominent and dedicated pacifist of her era.
556:(2006) . "Davies, Margaret Caroline Llewelyn (1861â1944)".
229:
and an outspoken foe of poverty and inequality, active in
509:
Feminism and
Criminal Justice: A Historical Perspective
225:
of Christ Church in
Marylebone, as well as a fellow of
794:"Chamber Music with Llewelyn Davies family connection"
343:, and the Guild took a pacifist position too. During
562:(online ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
438:
Margaret Llewelyn Davies: with women for a new world
148:
129:
108:
96:
88:
69:
39:
23:
16:
General secretary of the Co-operative Women's Guild
862:. Virago (originally published by Hogarth Press).
347:, Davies was elected the general council of the
767:. National Co-operative Archive. Archived from
662:. Vol. I. Macmillan. pp. 96â99, 113.
296:
8:
892:(2nd ed.). Manchester: Holyoake Books.
707:Biographical dictionary of British feminists
419:Society for Cultural Relations with the USSR
287:Biographical dictionary of British feminists
730:
728:
726:
957:
31:
20:
883:
881:
879:
619:
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858:Davies, Margaret Llewelyn, ed. (1977) .
709:. Brighton: Wheatsheaf. pp. 57â59.
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
579:
577:
415:International Women's Co-operative Guild
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
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685:
683:
681:
679:
653:
651:
649:
647:
645:
559:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
548:
469:
449:
190:, a history of the Guild to that time.
758:
756:
546:
544:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
263:Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
788:
786:
356:Maternity: Letters from Working Women
195:Maternity: Letters from Working Women
7:
796:. Kirkby Lonsdale Chamber of Trade.
739:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press.
942:from the original on 3 October 2021
888:Gaffin, Jean; Thoms, David (1993).
839:from the original on 4 October 2021
800:from the original on 4 October 2021
329:In 1909, Davies gave evidence to a
961:Non-profit organization positions
511:. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 83.
14:
819:Scott, Gillian (11 August 2005).
628:. London: UCL Press. p. 29.
174:Margaret Caroline Llewelyn Davies
44:Margaret Caroline Llewelyn Davies
326:, shaped the Guild's direction.
936:Working Class Movement Library
660:Dictionary of labour biography
400:Dictionary of labour biography
304:Margaret Llewelyn Davies,
1:
598:What the suffragists did next
428:The Times Literary Supplement
421:. Davies and Harris moved to
1080:English Christian socialists
920:. No. 5977. p. 34.
735:Blaszak, Barbara J. (2000).
600:. Amberley. pp. 26â49.
1095:Female Christian socialists
1090:English socialist feminists
1075:English Christian pacifists
1040:20th-century English people
1025:19th-century English people
349:Union of Democratic Control
1111:
1065:Co-operative Women's Guild
1035:20th-century English women
1020:19th-century English women
977:Women's Co-operative Guild
267:Co-operative Women's Guild
178:Co-operative Women's Guild
102:Co-operative Women's Guild
983:
973:
965:
960:
918:Times Literary Supplement
379:The Woman with the Basket
273:, where her father was a
239:Girton College, Cambridge
187:The Woman with the Basket
100:General Secretary of the
30:
1055:British anti-capitalists
860:Life as we have Known it
482:The Co-operative College
360:Life as we have Known it
354:In 1915 Davies compiled
306:Life as we have Known it
199:Life as we have Known it
162:Theodora Llewelyn Davies
25:Margaret Llewelyn Davies
1060:British women activists
624:Scott, Gillian (1998).
243:Queen's College, London
1030:20th-century Anglicans
1015:19th-century Anglicans
596:Curtis, Mavis (2017).
568:10.1093/ref:odnb/37681
301:
156:Arthur Llewelyn Davies
389:Later life and legacy
507:Logan, Anne (2008).
219:John Llewelyn Davies
137:John Llewelyn Davies
1050:Anglican socialists
393:In 1944, historian
231:Christian socialist
116:Christian socialism
1045:Anglican pacifists
285:wrote in her 1985
1085:English feminists
1070:English Anglicans
993:
992:
984:Succeeded by
975:Secretary of the
899:978-0-85195-201-7
869:978-0-86068-000-0
832:978-1-135-36031-3
771:on 26 August 2012
746:978-0-313-30995-3
716:978-0-7108-0132-6
635:978-1-85728-798-1
607:978-1-4456-6154-4
518:978-1-349-36426-8
488:on 26 August 2012
478:"Political Women"
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170:
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981:1889–1922
966:Preceded by
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763:Stuckey, Karyn.
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484:. Archived from
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279:St Mary's Church
247:women's suffrage
193:Davies compiled
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383:Honora Enfield
377:began writing
375:Catherine Webb
364:Virginia Woolf
336:Roman Catholic
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261:theory of the
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203:Virginia Woolf
182:Catherine Webb
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825:. Routledge.
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944:. Retrieved
935:
926:
917:
914:Purvis, June
908:
889:
859:
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843:23 September
841:. Retrieved
821:
814:
802:. Retrieved
773:. Retrieved
769:the original
736:
706:
703:Banks, Olive
659:
625:
597:
557:
508:
502:
490:. Retrieved
486:the original
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286:
259:co-operative
256:
235:Emily Davies
212:
198:
194:
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185:
173:
172:
75:(1944-05-28)
18:
1010:1944 deaths
1005:1861 births
554:Stott, Mary
433:June Purvis
345:World War I
283:Olive Banks
104:(1889â1921)
73:28 May 1944
999:Categories
464:References
408:missionary
215:Marylebone
209:Early life
89:Occupation
58:Marylebone
50:1861-10-16
946:4 October
804:4 October
320:socialism
291:Hampstead
158:(brother)
149:Relatives
83:, England
64:, England
940:Archived
837:Archived
798:Archived
705:(1985).
341:pacifist
324:feminism
316:suffrage
308:(p. xii)
109:Movement
92:Activist
775:6 April
492:6 April
423:Dorking
164:(niece)
130:Parents
81:Dorking
896:
866:
829:
743:
713:
666:
632:
604:
515:
275:rector
253:Career
97:Office
62:London
444:Notes
223:vicar
948:2021
894:ISBN
864:ISBN
845:2020
827:ISBN
806:2021
777:2013
741:ISBN
711:ISBN
664:ISBN
630:ISBN
602:ISBN
513:ISBN
494:2013
322:and
70:Died
40:Born
564:doi
277:at
1001::
938:.
934:.
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480:.
431:,
366:.
351:.
249:.
60:,
950:.
902:.
872:.
847:.
808:.
779:.
749:.
719:.
672:.
638:.
610:.
570:.
566::
521:.
496:.
52:)
48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
