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where she worked on childhood rheumatism. In 1924 she returned to infant feeding with a scholarship at the Royal Free
Hospital. She also established a private practice in Queen Anne Street, London, which she kept for the rest of her working life. Alongside this research, between 1926 and 1927 she
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It continued that the practical application of her theories by professionals and local authorities had remarkable success with disturbed children and had made a significant contribution to the health of the community. It was also noted that her work had received greater recognition in the United
485:
Her outstanding contributions sprang from her recognition that play is an important activity in children's development and that language is often an unsatisfactory medium for children to express their experiences. She consequently invented non-verbal techniques that enabled them to convey their
523:, Buckinghamshire, which she had purchased back in the 1930s to use as a weekend retreat, following the death of her mother. She was joined there by her longtime colleague from the ICP, Ville Anderson, who became her companion and carer until Lowenfeld's death on 2 February 1973 at
371:, London. By 1931, it had developed into the 'Institute for Child Psychology' (ICP). The ICP trained child therapists in the use of Lowenfeld's theories and techniques. It was during 1929 that from the use of a sand tray, toys and models that the
394:, was published in 1935 in the USA where her techniques had become popular, and remains an influential if, not mainstream, work to this day. Lowenfeld's research during the late 1930s was influenced by the work of the English philosopher
284:. The health of the children was a major influence on her later career as she speculated about the different outcomes in spite of their traumatic experiences. Lowenfeld returned to England briefly as war broke out between
500:...bringing a brilliant mind to the study of the psychology of children and to devising methods to identify and eliminate anti-social tendencies at a formative stage and release and develop their highest potentials
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280:, as Medical Officer for the British Typhus Unit. She also worked with the American YMCA assisting the Polish Army and POW department in stemming infectious diseases in her father's ancestral town of
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418:
was an important monograph presented at a conference organised by her at the ICP in 1948. In this the
Lowenfeld Mozaic Test was first described. Although Lowenfeld's second important book,
477:, London and her work is also well represented in a major semi-permanent exhibition at the Museum, 'Mind Your Head', that celebrated the Centenary of the British Psychological Society.
238:
383:
who attended the conference. Subsequently, the theories and methods originated by
Lowenfeld became the basis of a range of therapeutic techniques, in particular the development of
367:
In 1928 Dr
Lowenfeld established the Children's Clinic for the Treatment and Study of Nervous and Difficult Children, one of the first child guidance clinics in Britain, set up in
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902:
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Unwin, C and Hood-Williams, J (Eds)(1988) Child psychotherapy, war, and the normal child : selected papers of
Margaret Lowenfeld, London :
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164:. Lowenfeld developed a number of educational techniques which bear her name and although not mainstream, have achieved international recognition.
188:. He married Alice Evans, in 1884. He soon became a wealthy businessman through several ventures, such as buying up rundown theatres in the
892:
524:
609:
Evens, Barbara (1984) Freedom To Choose – The Life and Work of Dr Helena Wright, Pioneer in
Contraception, London : The Bodley Head,
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Evens, Barbara (1984) Freedom To Choose – The Life and Work of Dr Helena Wright, Pioneer in
Contraception, London : The Bodley Head
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410:, Hertfordshire. The ICP was re-established in London after the War, it continued to thrive and eventually became funded by the
449:. The first technique invented and developed by Dr. Lowenfeld, The Lowenfeld World Technique (1929) was influenced by the book
330:. Lowenfeld's limited medical experience in England made it easier to follow a research career. She became a researcher at the
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undertook voluntary work as a medical officer at the newly opened pioneering health centre in South London, known as the
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Selected Papers of
Margaret Lowenfeld, Edited by Cathy Urwin and John Hood-Williams Sussex Academic Press, Brighton 2004
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in 1911, which she recalled enjoying as a child. The other techniques she created were
Lowenfeld Mosaics (1948),
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122:
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Margaret
Lowenfeld's techniques are featured in a special cabinet in the History of Medicine section at the
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begun in 1956, was partially completed in 1959, it was not published till 1979, six years after her death.
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180:, London on 4 February 1890, as their second daughter, to a British mother and Polish father. Her father,
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medicine, and an author of several publications and academic papers on the study of child development and
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whom she met in 1948 and who later influenced Lowenfeld's research on child education and her views on
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was first established. It was first shown to the psychology community in 1931 and later in 1937 to the
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After retiring from full-time medical practice, Margaret Lowenfield moved out of London to a house in
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200:, selling non-alcoholic beer as the temperance movement took hold. Lowenfeld was educated at
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249:, she had passed the minimum requirement to practice medicine, In 1914 she got a job at the
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from a wealthy family, had arrived in England in the early 1880s, apparently penniless from
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In 1921 due to her own illness, Lowenfeld returned to London, and came into contact with
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Great Ormond Street Hospital for Sick Children where Margaret worked for a short period.
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544:. London; New York: Mac Keith Press Distributed by Cambridge University Press. 1991.
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credited to Dora M. Kalff, a Swiss Jungian analyst, who studied with Dr Lowenfeld.
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527:, London. She is buried alongside her sister and her cousin Gunther and his wife
351:, a service integrating health and social work to combat inner city deprivation.
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563:. London; Boston : Allen & Unwin: Institute of Child Psychology. 1979.
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Lowenfeld's first book on her theories and techniques of child psychotherapy,
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to set up a medical department for prisoners of war and worked on improving
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Selected Papers of Margaret Lowenfeld – brief review on publisher's website
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Summarising her legacy, The Dr. Margaret Lowenfeld Trust records it thus:-
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Further training was interrupted when in late 1918 she joined a mission to
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Sandplay History – Techniques developed from Lowenfeld's World Technique
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http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/60993/?back=,60993,31859/
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Lowenfeld was greatly impressed by the work of anthropologist,
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Understanding Children's Sandplay: Lowenfeld's World Technique
311:. Through this association Lowenfeld developed an interest in
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148:(4 February 1890 – 2 February 1973) was a British pioneer of
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Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – Margaret Lowenfeld
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Dr Margaret Lowenfield Trust – Techniques and Exhibitions
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London Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine for Women
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The Work and Aims of the Institute of Child Psychology
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Play in childhood ; with a foreword by John Davis
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Selected publications originally by Margaret Lowenfeld
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fellowship and Muirhead Scholarship to study at the
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938:Alumni of the London School of Medicine for Women
338:, a pioneer of childcare. In 1923 she obtained a
798:Sandplay Influences – Lowenfeld World Technique
402:, for which she received mixed reviews. During
255:Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street
582:. London: Institute of Child Psychology. 1977.
486:thoughts and feelings without resort to words.
334:studying infant health and was influenced by
8:
113:Medical practitioner, researcher and trainer
783:by Rie Rogers Mitchell, Harriet S. Friedman
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737:
531:, at the Church of St Lawrence Cholesbury.
363:An individual engaging in sandplay therapy.
208:who went on to be an influential figure in
903:20th-century British women medical doctors
650:International Society for Sandplay Therapy
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749:(Online ed.). A & C Black. 2012.
491:Her obituary, published February 1973 in
344:Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow
104:Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow
676:Russian Association for Sandplay Therapy
225:Medical training and Polish mission work
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598:. Dr Margaret Lowenfeld Trust. 1994.
590:. Dr Margaret Lowenfeld Trust. 1993.
525:St Johns and St Elizabeth's Hospital
437:Educational research and techniques
855:"Obituary Dr Margaret Lowenfeld".
253:followed by a short period at the
204:, England, with her older sister,
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928:British people of Polish descent
781:Sandplay past present and future
645:The Dr. Margaret Lowenfeld Trust
416:On the Psychotherapy of Children
406:the ICP clinic was evacuated to
172:Margaret Lowenfield was born in
271:South London Hospital for Women
146:Margaret Frances Jane Lowenfeld
22:Margaret Frances Jane Lowenfeld
661:Sandplay Therapists of America
556:(Originally published in 1935)
379:conference it was observed by
322:and learned about the work of
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400:British Psychological Society
377:British Psychological Society
245:, London. By the outbreak of
872:Online edition published by
296:and undertook refugee work.
259:MRCS (Eng.) and LRCP (Lond.)
893:Developmental psychologists
763:, retrieved 8 November 2016
332:Mothercraft Training Centre
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785:, Retrieved 11 August 2009
156:, a medical researcher in
803:12 September 2009 at the
652:Retrieved 8 November 2016
596:The Lowenfeld Mosaic Test
373:Lowenfeld World Technique
202:Cheltenham Ladies College
908:British psychotherapists
575:(Published posthumously)
340:Medical Research Council
123:developmental psychology
845:Retrieved, 23 June 2009
826:Retrieved, 28 June 2009
807:Retrieved, 24 June 2009
731:Retrieved, 20 June 2009
412:National Health Service
265:. In 1918 she became a
621:Free Association Books
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469:Recognition and legacy
463:Lowenfeld Kaleidoblocs
459:Lowenfeld Poleidoblocs
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257:. In 1917 she got the
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324:Hugh Crichton-Miller
303:, a pioneer of both
913:Child psychologists
861:. 12 February 1973.
561:The World Technique
420:The World Technique
326:who co-founded the
251:Royal Free Hospital
100:Royal Free Hospital
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349:Peckham Experiment
318:as a treatment of
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206:Helena Rosa Wright
190:West End of London
32:Margaret Lowenfeld
631:)(online edition
529:Claire Loewenfeld
396:R. G. Collingwood
392:Play in Childhood
309:social psychology
288:. She went on to
286:Poland and Russia
192:and starting the
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59:(1973-02-02)
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923:1973 deaths
918:1890 births
746:Who Was Who
455:H. G. Wells
451:Floor Games
430:Floor Games
408:Berkhamsted
320:shell-shock
247:World War I
168:Early years
121:Pioneer in
88:Nationality
887:Categories
682:References
629:1853430358
521:Cholesbury
515:Later life
336:Truby King
316:psychology
294:sanitation
243:Bloomsbury
158:paediatric
78:Cholesbury
38:1890-02-04
858:The Times
509:Continent
493:The Times
465:(1960s).
133:Parent(s)
96:Education
839:Archived
820:Archived
801:Archived
282:Chrzanów
261:and the
269:at the
186:Silesia
91:British
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290:Warsaw
278:Poland
220:Career
198:Fulham
759:ODNB
625:ISBN
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307:and
212:and
162:play
152:and
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54:Died
28:Born
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