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438:, to her cell. In June 1585, Duke Ottavio of Parma learned about these meetings, and ordered the musician arrested and interrogated. It turned out that the princess was having fun listening to secular music of a sentimental nature, which was unacceptable for a nun. Probably, there was an intimate relationship between her and the musician. To avoid the scandal, the duke of Parma has tightened the life conditions of his granddaughter in the monastery. These conditions didn't soften even after the accession to the ducal throne of Margherita's father in 1586; she was only allowed one visit per year. Her monthly allowance of 150,000 gold
371:, Vincenzo's older sister. A year after the wedding, their marriage was still unconsummated. Duke Guglielmo of Mantua, wishing to continue the dynasty, began to insist on the artificial intervention, otherwise, he threatened with divorce. In June 1582, despite the protests of her father-in-law, by order of Duke Ottavio of Parma, Margherita's grandfather, the Hereditary Princess was taken away from Mantua. In Parma, she was examined by doctors again, including Andrea Marcolini da Fano, personal physician to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. All of them excluded the possibility of risking Margherita's life in case of surgery.
29:
462:, in which she asked the pontiff for protection, the Duke of Parma lessened the life conditions of his sister. In the following years, Margherita indirectly participated in the court life in Parma, speaking in defense of her two nephews, the illegitimate children of Duke Ranuccio I: a daughter, whom she accepted in her monastery and veiled into a nun with the name of Sister Maura Margherita, and
359:, where the newlyweds solemnly entered on 30 April 1581, the princess was examined by another doctor, Giulio Cesare Aranzio, and also proposed to remove the obstacle by artificial means. Margherita's grandmother, Margaret of Austria, categorically opposed this, fearing for the health of her granddaughter. Carnival of 1582 was held by the Hereditary Prince and Princess in
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411:
On 30 October 1583, Cardinal Carlo
Borromeo veiled Margherita as a nun; she also adopted a new name - Sister Maura Lucenia. From the dowry of the former hereditary princess of Mantua, Duke Guglielmo withheld 100,000 ducats as compensation for the “fault” of his daughter-in-law. The House of Gonzaga
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in Parma. On 9 October 1583, Cardinal Carlo
Borromeo declared the marriage of Margherita and Vincenzo annulled on the basis of the canonical rule, which allows the separation of the spouses, if within three years after the marriage their union remained without being consummated.
458:, Margherita's younger brother, wrote to Duke Ranuccio I that the Pope intended to move their sister to a convent in Rome if the duke didn't change his attitude towards Margherita; only after this warning, and after it became known that Margherita wrote a letter to
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was paid irregularly so that she couldn't use it to bribes in order to establish communication with her alleged lover, who was imprisoned at that time. From
January 1586, she was also not paid the monthly 30 ducats bequeathed by her grandmother Margaret of Austria.
344:. The Crown Prince's secretary, Dr. Marcello Donati, reported this to Duke Guglielmo of Mantua, citing a congenital "obstruction" in his son's wife as the cause of the problem. In this regard, the famous physiologist Girolamo Fabrici d'Acquapendente was invited to
466:, whom she tried to rescue from the prison in which he was imprisoned by his own father because of his participation in a conspiracy. Another of her illegitimate nieces, Caterina, also entered in the monastery of Sant'Alessandro as a nun under her protection.
329:. The marriage contract also determined the immediate return of Margherita to her homeland. On 10 December 1580, the princess, accompanied by her relative Girolama Farnese, left Namur. On 17 February 1581 their cortege arrived in
480:
Margherita was elected abbess of the monastery of Sant'Alessandro nine times, dying there on 13 April 1643 aged 75. At first, she was buried in the monastery grounds like the other nuns, until 14 December 1853, when
430:
humiliated
Margherita's ex-husband: Vincenzo had to prove his virility in front of witnesses by having sexual intercourse with a virgin maid. After that, on 28 April 1584, he entered into his second marriage.
268:
Margherita was in frequent contact with her father, despite the fact that there was friction between him and her grandmother over their co-Governonship of the
Netherlands. As a child, Margherita was ill with
382:. In February 1583, the Cardinal arrived in Parma, where, after listening to the opinions of doctors and interested parties, he persuaded the Hereditary Princess to abandon the operation and follow him to
247:
In 1577, Margherita's mother died; in her will, she entrusted to her mother-in-law the guardianship of her 13-year-old daughter. In March 1580, the princess and her grandmother
Margaret of Austria left
340:, the Bishop of Parma Ferrante Farnese held the wedding ceremony of Margherita Farnese and the Hereditary Prince of Mantua. A few days after the wedding, it turned out that the marriage was still
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dynasties. The
Margherita's tomb is located next to her father's; on the tombstone are carved the coat of arms of the House of Farnese and an epitaph with a summary of her life.
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In 1616 she intervened, supported by financial aid offered by the devotees, in order to complete the
Franciscan church of Santi Gervaso e Protaso, now dedicated to the
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However, the relationship between the Houses of
Farnese and Gonzaga was ruined. In December 1582, Dukes Ottavio of Parma and Guglielmo of Mantua appealed to
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301:, first Duke of Parma and Margherita's paternal grandfather), the parties came to a mutually beneficial agreement on the marriage of Margherita and
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Having become a nun, Margherita didn't abandon her passion for music. She secretly invited the young court musician Giulio Cima, nicknamed
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for the wardrobe that they donated to
Margherita. Even before the official divorce, Duke Guglielmo of Mantua began negotiations with
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313:. The marriage was not only dynastic, but also pursued political goals: it was to become the basis of an alliance between the
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352:. After examining Margherita, he advised to expand her vagina with a cone-shaped object the size of her husband's penis.
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236:. Named after her paternal grandmother, Margherita was baptized on 11 January 1568 with her godparents being
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due to deformity of the genitals. After her divorce, the princess took monastic vows with the name of Sister
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ended in November 1580. Despite a long-standing feud between both families (since 1547, when
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277:. At the same time, she had a kind and modest character. She was fond of poetry and music.
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305:. The initiator of the conclusion of the alliance between both houses was Cardinal
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606:"Farnese, Margherita — Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani - Volume 45 (1995)"
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333:, where a couple of weeks later the bride and groom met for the first time.
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The story of the princess's marriage served as the basis for the 1965 film
164:(7 November 1567 – 13 April 1643), was an Italian noblewoman member of the
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800:"Diocesi di Parma - Chiesa della Santissima Annunziata - Via M.D'Azeglio"
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became in the new duke of Parma; he immediately transferred her to the
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244:, Dowager Duchess of Parma (represented by Caterina De Nobili Sforza).
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and hardened the conditions of her detention. In April 1595, Cardinal
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and Hereditary Prince Vincenzo. Before agreeing to the marriage, the
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868:(in Italian). Venezia: Appresso Giambattista Recurti. p. 665.
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monastery in Milan as a novice, from where she soon moved to the
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Cuckoldry, Impotence and Adultery in Europe (15th-17th century)
837:"Una vergine per il principe (1966) — Internet Movie Database"
216:. On the paternal side, the princess was the granddaughter of
179:
was annulled after two years due to Margherita's inability to
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1216:
Princess Marie des Neiges, Countess of Castillo de la Mota
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378:. The pontiff entrusted this delicate mission to Cardinal
228:); on the maternal side, she was the granddaughter of the
866:"La genealogia delle case piĂą illustri di tutto il mondo"
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489:and to bury her remains in the necropolis of the
1242:Marie-Adélaïde, Countess Henckel of Donnersmarck
879:(in Italian). Viterbo: Archeoares. p. 253.
1248:Marie Gabrielle, Countess af Holstein-Ledreborg
1206:Marie Françoise, Princess Edouard de Lobkowicz
1148:Maria Luisa Carlota, Crown Princess of Saxony
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420:Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany
303:Vincenzo Gonzaga, Hereditary Prince of Mantua
230:Infante Duarte of Portugal, Duke of GuimarĂŁes
210:Alexander Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma
177:Vincenzo Gonzaga, Hereditary Prince of Mantua
114:Vincenzo Gonzaga, Hereditary Prince of Mantua
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386:. On 26 May 1583, Margherita entered in the
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212:(since 1586 was ruling Duke of Parma) and
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1221:Princess CĂ©cile Marie, Countess of Poblet
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910:"Margherita Farnese, la sposa inviolata"
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1271:Princess Margarita, Countess of Colorno
1122:Carolina, Princess Maximilian of Saxony
916:(in Italian). La Loggetta. p. 104.
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564:(in Italian). www.nuovorinascimento.org
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485:ordered to transfer her remains to the
446:In December 1592, Margherita's brother
97:Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Steccata
1276:Princess Carolina, Marchioness of Sala
187:and became abbess of the monastery of
1231:Diane, Princess Franz of Hohenzollern
285:Matrimonial negotiations between the
224:(in turn an illegitimate daughter of
7:
1292:Princess Margaretha of Liechtenstein
1286:Archduchess Marie-Astrid of Austria
1053:Margherita Maria, Duchess of Modena
407:Margherita as Sister Maura Lucenia.
1180:Marie Louise, Princess of Bulgaria
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1032:Maria Caterina, Duchess of Modena
422:for the marriage of his daughter
412:returned jewelry and paid 12,000
311:Guglielmo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
1101:Isabella, Archduchess of Austria
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144:Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma
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1308:princess of Luxembourg by birth
1236:Elisabeth, Duchess of Hohenberg
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218:Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma
1:
1164:Margherita, Duchess of Madrid
908:Moscatelli, Giuseppe (2015).
297:had organised a plot against
226:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
170:Hereditary Princess of Mantua
87:, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
36:Hereditary Princess of Mantua
16:Hereditary Princess of Mantua
975:Princesses of Parma by birth
802:. 2015-02-07. Archived from
555:"Genealogia di Casa Farnese"
473:, according to the plans by
452:monastery of Sant'Alessandro
81:Monastery of Sant'Alessandro
1316:princess of Nassau by birth
1201:Alicia, Duchess of Calabria
1106:Maria Luisa, Queen of Spain
1037:Vittoria, Duchess of Modena
986:Vittoria, Duchess of Urbino
873:Giurleo, Francesca (2014).
204:Born on 7 November 1567 in
65:Duchy of Parma and Piacenza
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864:Chiusole, Antonio (1743).
483:Charles III, Duke of Parma
399:Service as Benedictine nun
45:2 March 1581 – 26 May 1583
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1069:Elisabeth, Queen of Spain
676:. Routledge. p. 38.
363:, where they stayed with
214:Infanta Maria of Portugal
154:Infanta Maria of Portugal
26:
1185:Zita, Empress of Austria
524:, who played Margherita.
1254:Alix, Princess of Ligne
1132:Princess Maria Carlotta
1226:Anne, Queen of Romania
1211:Princess Marie Thérèse
1127:Princess Maria Antonia
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392:Monastery of San Paolo
365:Duke Alfonso II d'Este
323:Grand Duchy of Tuscany
189:Sant'Alessandro, Parma
935:at Wikimedia Commons
509:A Maiden for a Prince
471:Santissima Annunziata
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522:Anna Maria Guarnieri
475:Giambattista Fornovo
281:Marriage and divorce
128: 1581;
1353:Nobility from Parma
876:La famiglia Farnese
789:, pp. 183–184.
762:, pp. 180–182.
750:, pp. 176–177.
726:, pp. 175–177.
336:On 2 March 1581 at
260:after the death of
222:Margaret of Austria
172:between 1581–1583.
1363:Daughters of dukes
933:Margherita Farnese
562:Nuovo Rinascimento
553:Rosini, Patrizia.
448:Ranuccio I Farnese
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369:Margherita Gonzaga
338:Piacenza Cathedral
307:Alessandro Farnese
299:Pier Luigi Farnese
234:Isabel of Braganza
162:Margherita Farnese
22:Margherita Farnese
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903:978-8-89-688947-3
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254:Netherlands
238:Pope Pius V
200:Early years
1332:Categories
810:2018-07-01
529:References
518:Virna Lisi
501:In culture
181:consummate
940:Portrait
914:giornale
424:Eleonora
331:Piacenza
271:smallpox
258:Governor
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327:ducats
319:Mantua
150:Mother
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41:Tenure
1314:also
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558:(PDF)
440:scudi
415:scudi
384:Milan
350:Padua
348:from
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275:Latin
266:Namur
264:. In
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1085:None
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899:ISBN
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520:and
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