285:
2044:
1996:
212:
205:
194:
1807:
1315:
2504:
1433:
2473:
1583:
187:
1526:. The hated Landvogt of King Matthias, Georg von Stein, was immediately expelled from Bautzens Ortenburg. At the end of the 15th century the political system of the margraviate was largely stabilized. Deputy of the absent sovereign remained the Landogt, who traditionally descended from the nobility of the Bohemian crown lands. However, before 1620, only one Upper Lusatian noble was able to assume the office. In Bautzen and Görlitz moreover two
2063:
406:
260:
401:
270:
2087:
1425:, who supported the League with numerous privileges. The six municipalities in the subsequent period were able to prevail successfully against the nobility. With their increased economic prosperity they gained political influence. They were able to purchase numerous villages in the following 200 years and a significant proportion of the country fell under the direct rule of the city councils. In addition, within the so-called
1733:
1194:
660:
1311:, as the conquered Milceni Land as a whole belonged to the king. In 1241 the boundary between the possessions of the Meissen bishops and the Bohemian Crown in Upper Lusatia were agreed by contract. For centuries, from as early as the Middle Ages, trade flourished, and several important trade routes ran through Lusatia, connecting German states in the west, Poland in the east and Bohemia in the south.
1910:
959:
3332:
2610:
2371:
1019:
878:
677:
36:
309:
321:
3193:
396:
1009:
was located. Their center was a fortified town at the site of today's
Ortenburg in Bautzen. Another early Slavic settlement was situated in the valley of the Neisse river. The rural Sorbian population erected numerous hill forts, which were tribal centers as well as the residences of Slavic nobility.
1661:
as
Landvogt in Bautzen, who was not able to reach a settlement between the League and the local nobility. King Ferdinand himself took contradictory decisions, that did not resolve the continuous struggle over the hegemony in the Upper Lusatian lands. The stance of the nobility was strengthened with
2526:
In the German part of Upper
Lusatia, the population has been declining since the 1990s. Young people leave the region because the unemployment in Eastern Saxony is particularly high. This and the low birth rate have led to severe aging of the population. In the absence of available jobs, minimal
1614:
tried to prevent its spread. In Görlitz and
Bautzen the municipal authorities however soon conceded the pressure of the population and officially adopted the Protestant Reformation in 1523 and 1524, though only in small cautious steps. In particular, the chapter of St. Peter in Bautzen resisted
1365:
between 1377 and 1396), it permanently divided the Upper
Lusatian nobility and the municipal administration. In Görlitz Land henceforth own meetings nobility took place, which also remained the case after the reunification of the two countries. The town of Görlitz, centre of the eastern phalf,
2527:
influx of foreigners is noticeable. The Polish part of Upper
Lusatia is, apart from Zgorzelec, Lubań and Bogatynia, only sparsely populated and the area belongs to an economically weak region of Poland: only the coal-fired power plant in Turów offers a larger number of industrial jobs.
2519:. However, the German population is not culturally homogeneous, and the cultural borders can be quite well identified by the different dialect groups. While in the region around Bautzen a good deal of High German is spoken, in the south the Upper Lusatian dialect of German (
1349:
and judges from
Bohemians time were united in one hand and even expanded. The Landvogt was the country's highest official, he decided in feudal matters, presided in the supreme court and was military commander-in-chief. The Landvogts remained in power until after the
2514:
Today approximately 780,000 people live in Upper
Lusatia, nearly 157,000 of them in the Polish part to the east of the Neisse river. A part of the country belongs to the settlement area of the Sorbs. Between Kamenz, Bautzen and Hoyerswerda, about 20,000 people speak
864:
in the Polish part are still active. Many of the old coal mines have been restored since the 1970s, especially after 1990, when particular attention was paid to revitalize the landscape. The newly formed lakes are already named and advertised as the
1224:
In the first century of Přemyslid rule all major towns of Upper
Lusatia, and all major religious institutions of the country – apart from the older Bautzen – were established. The Meissen bishop Bruno II from 1213 to 1218 established the
2523:), is common. In the east, Silesian is still spoken by some. The greatest density of population can be found in the German-Polish twin city of Görlitz/Zgorzelec. Currently 91,000 inhabitants, 33,000 in the Polish part, live there.
1572:
The cities had extensive judicial powers over the subjects of many knights and over the nobles themselves. The supreme court was the court of the land and the cities, which was formed together by both estates. According to the
1475:
eased the links of Upper
Lusatia to the Bohemian Crown, and because of the weakness of the kingdom the internal affairs of the margraviate were regulated largely without royal interference. During this time the Upper Lusatian
997:
played a special role. Another significant settlement was on the cliff above the Spree river, where in the course of history Bautzens Ortenburg was built, dominant and administrative center of what would become Upper Lusatia.
284:
1709:, where he sentenced the cities to pay an enormous fine and seized their properties. Moreover, he revoked all the League's privileges, a measure that later could be rescinded in a long and arduous process of negotiations.
463:
1901:
In the interbellum, the German government carried out a massive campaign of changing of place names in Lusatia in order to erase traces of Slavic origin, and while most of the historic names were restored after
1268:, which was almost carried out as a competition with the Meissen bishops. German peasants, who cleared the large forest areas and created many new villages, were brought into the country in the course of the
438:
1276:. Often Slavic (Sorbian) hamlets were also extended by German settlers. The new German farmers were legally better off than the old-established population. The majority of the Sorbians peasants were
1869:
1341:
attained Budissin Land. Neither the exact date of the acquisition nor the legal form of ownership – feud, marriage or pledge rule – can be established with certainty. With the establishment of a
3148:
Privilegien und Statuten der Oberlausitzer Sechsstädte – Ein Streifzug durch die Organisation des städtischen Lebens in Zittau, Bautzen, Görlitz, Löbau, Kamenz und Lauban in der frühen Neuzeit
1983:
1981:, on 26 April 1945, the Germans carried out a massacre of a field hospital column of the 9th Polish Armored Division, killing some 300 POWs, mostly wounded soldiers and medical personnel (see
848:
was especially well suited for agriculture and is still very profitable. In the 19th century, in the northern part of Upper Lusatia, in the east on both sides of the Neisse river and around
419:
3225:
1773:
1513:, the Lusatian League took part in Matthias' war for the Bohemian Crown. Matthias tried to manage his country more efficient. In Silesia, he therefore installed the office of an
1165:, ruled it independently from 1084 to 1108 residing at Ortenburg Castle. In 1091, a further donation to the church was made, when Henry IV transferred five other villages in the
1944:
973:(until about 8000 BC) only crossed through the area. Even the oldest agricultural cultures (4500 BC to 3300 BC) left behind only little evidence of settlement. In the early
3421:
817:(water), often in combination with the name of a village which the stream flows through. The eastern border of Upper Lusatia with Lower Silesia is marked by the River
1067:
All the major wall ring castles in the border areas were strengthened and prepared as starting points for further conquests. In place of the Milceni castles, German
1966:
During the war, the Poles postulated that after the defeat of Germany, the Sorbs should be allowed free national development either within the borders of Poland or
1623:
doctrine finally prevailed in most parishes, as in Upper Lusatia not the Bohemian sovereign introduced the Reformation but the local city councils and noble lords.
1579:, a decision was final and couldn't be changed at the royal courts in Prague. The cities' supremacy remained a thorn in the side of the Upper Lusatian nobility.
1471:, as well as Zittau and Lubań were conquered by the Hussites and devastated. Only the two largest cities, Bautzen and Görlitz, could stand up to the sieges. The
1932:
1559:(barons), the collegiate chapters of St. Marienstern, St. Marienthal, the Magdalene convent in Lubań and the cathedral foundation in Bautzen, as well as the
1042:. In 932 the Milceni were forced to pay tribute. After Henry's death in 936 the Milceni once again became independent, but were subdued again in 939 by King
3218:
3347:
1405:
into the Bohemian Crown, which tied Upper Lusatia closely and permanently with the Kingdom of Bohemia, without affecting Upper Lusatias internal order.
3052:
Kubasiewicz, Izabela (2013). "Emigranci z Grecji w Polsce Ludowej. Wybrane aspekty z życia mniejszości". In Dworaczek, Kamil; Kamiński, Łukasz (eds.).
1126:
on 30 January 1018, which assigned the Milceni lands of Upper Lusatia and Lusatia proper (today Lower Lusatia) to Poland. After the victory of Emperor
2344:
1088:
1358:
1936:
633:
1284:. The new (mostly German) villages could manage their affairs also relatively autonomously. However, when Sorbian peasants were involved in the
1260:
The forest clearance from about the year 1100, mainly by Sorbian peasants, expanded the cultivated land. New places in the northern area around
3416:
3396:
3211:
2854:
2334:
932:
2768:
1545:
was, next to the king, the legislative body of Upper Lusatia. The power of the cities had the effect that there were only two voting estates:
3401:
3155:
3107:
1494:
3071:
1181:), was a part of Budissin Land. Also in this region, the Diocese of Meissen was equipped with possessions. Upper Lusatia reached the Kwisa (
856:
were found. Especially the digging in open pits has destroyed large parts of the old cultural landscape. Currently the Nochten pit south of
3426:
3286:
2166:
1510:
1250:
1413:
In 1346 the five royal cities of Upper Lusatia and Zittau, which had fallen to Bohemia upon the death of Duke Henry of Jawor, founded the
211:
2937:
2655:
1357:
During the reign of the House of Ascania the division of Upper Lusatia into the countries of Bautzen (Budissin) and Görlitz by Margrave
204:
2288:
1519:(Upper State Governor), to whom both Lusatias were subjected. This was considered a threat to autonomy by the Upper Lusatian estates.
605:
was first recorded in a 1474 deed, derived from the adjacent Lower Lusatian lands in the north, which originally were just called the
193:
1107:
3179:
3140:
3125:
3057:
2745:
2454:
2298:
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2204:
1713:
119:
2911:
1429:
enlarged municipal area, they were able to enforce their jurisdiction over large parts of the local nobility and its possessions.
1030:
The independent development of the West Slavic tribes was interrupted in the 10th century by the expansion of the German state of
2268:
2250:
1217:
but also the investiture with Ortenburg Castle and Land Budissin, which both became reality two years later. Therewith the first
939:
904:
2043:
3406:
3234:
2619:
The region is rich in architecture from various reigns, including Czech, Polish, German and Hungarian, whose styles range from
2193:
2023:
1963:, the prisoners of which were mostly Jews, Poles and Russians, but also Frenchmen, Italians, Yugoslavs, Czechs, Belgians, etc.
1956:
1640:
1502:
1377:, claimed Upper Lusatia for themselves. The Bohemian king again received the western lands around Bautzen in 1319 from Emperor
1202:
641:
2892:
Lewaszkiewicz, Tadeusz (2015). "Zarys dziejów sorabistyki i zainteresowań Łużycami w Wielkopolsce". In Kurowska, Hanna (ed.).
2392:
2388:
2069:
1960:
1422:
1230:
1210:
57:
53:
2435:
1295:
River, over time a separate Upper Lusatian nobility emerged. This nobility controlled the land on behalf of the king or the
1158:
100:
3391:
3261:
2407:
2238:
2215:
1764:
often traveled the routes. Numerous Polish dignitaries also traveled through Upper Lusatia on several occasions, and some
1694:
1575:
1456:
1127:
1084:
1083:. Until the second half of the 10th century the fights continued, and in 990 the Milceni were finally subdued by Margrave
72:
1345:
as deputy of the Ascanian ruler they created the most important office in Upper Lusatia. In principle, the powers of the
2897:
2226:
1974:
1796:
1378:
1146:
1115:
383:
269:
3013:"Recenzja: Zbigniew Kopociński, Krzysztof Kopociński, Horka – łużycka Golgota służby zdrowia 2. Armii Wojska Polskiego"
3281:
1720:
in 1564. Nevertheless, the Upper Lusatian lands did not remain untouched by the rising conflicts in the course of the
1644:
1523:
1361:
in 1268 was the most important event. Although the autonomy of Görlitz Land ended in 1329 (shortly revived under Duke
3311:
2414:
79:
3251:
1995:
3411:
3083:
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 14 kwietnia 2004 r. w sprawie uznania za pomnik historii
2997:
2019:
1940:
1401:
had to cede Görlitz to the Bohemian king, but retained the remaining towns. In the same year John incorporated the
1338:
1043:
571:
1678:
1451:
revolution erupted in the beginning of the 15th century in Bohemia, the League took up an adverse stance over the
1221:
period in the history of Upper Lusatia, with far-reaching consequences for the development of the country, began.
977:(11th century BC to 9th century BC) people of the Lusatian culture entered the previously uninhabited region from
918:
186:
3100:
Geschichte der Oberlausitz. Herrschaft, Gesellschaft und Kultur vom Mittelalter bis zum Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts
1464:
1238:
1214:
1977:
reached Lusatia in early 1945, with Soviet and Polish troops defeating the Germans and capturing the region. In
1947:
subcamps in the region. There were also several Nazi prisons with multiple forced labour subcamps, including in
1369:
After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1319, the rulers of the neighboring territories, including King
259:
3197:
2624:
2421:
2014:. This new border split the historic region of Upper Lusatia between the two countries. From 1949, up to 7,000
1914:
1418:
1150:
632:
Upper Lusatia is shaped by the uniform Lusatian granite massif, only the north and northeast, the plain of the
431:
86:
2963:
2670:
2381:
2312:
1842:
1792:
1330:
1142:
713:
46:
2708:
3386:
2403:
2323:
2308:
2126:
1761:
1757:
1741:
1682:
1603:
1595:
1486:
1061:
925:
866:
778:
740:(Tabulový Kámen) in the Polish part, located at 1,123 m (3,684 ft) on the eastern slopes of the
469:
444:
395:
68:
3072:
https://www.radiolausitz.de/beitrag/zahl-der-arbeitslosen-in-der-oberlausitz-unter-17000-gesunken-722060/
3113:
2552:
1876:
1701:. In contrast, the hesitant Lusatian League was not able to prolong military support up to the decisive
1162:
1080:
555:
362:
2011:
1702:
1493:
confession, which the Pope had condemned as heretical. Upper Lusatia rendered homage to his rival, the
1441:
1111:
963:
543:
3331:
3082:
3012:
2628:
2158:
1800:
1777:
1745:
1541:, nobles and cities could, without the consent of the king's, assemble and take decisions. Thus, the
1437:
1351:
1246:
1234:
1206:
1076:
798:
782:
372:
2988:
Orzechowski, Marian (1976). "Kwestia serbołużycka w polskiej myśli politycznej w latach 1939–1947".
2819:
2763:
2651:
2620:
2176:
2118:
1880:
1854:
1806:
1776:
located in various towns in the region. Polish-Sorbian contacts increased in that period. With the
1721:
1717:
1698:
1653:
1632:
1611:
1374:
1300:
1253:
in 1244, and Bishop Bernhard in 1248 founded the second Cistercian monastery of St. Marienstern in
1226:
1135:
882:
705:
551:
2503:
1530:
existed. These three officials, with several secretaries, formed the entire royal administration.
1432:
3246:
2716:
1826:
1818:
1768:
owned estates in Lusatia. A distinct remnant of the region's ties to Poland are the 18th-century
1265:
1134:
in 1031, Upper Lusatia again came under the rule of the Meissen margraves, confirmed by the 1033
1131:
1046:. As a result, the Milceni lands, despite persistent militant struggles, became part of the vast
911:
790:
709:
689:
649:
579:
539:
2704:
1787:, in 1813, Polish troops stayed in the region and two Polish military units were established in
1362:
1314:
3301:
3271:
3266:
3175:
3151:
3136:
3121:
3103:
3034:
2741:
2516:
2348:
2146:
2050:
1822:
1636:
1582:
1498:
1452:
1254:
768:
664:
497:
405:
294:
171:
1185:), the border to Silesia and its largest expansion to the east, already in the 12th century.
3024:
1690:
1658:
1506:
1398:
1334:
1218:
1123:
1071:
appeared (first mentioned 1006), such as the Ortenburg Castle in Bautzen, or the castles of
1035:
970:
897:
802:
764:
749:
685:
606:
456:
400:
290:
17:
2428:
93:
2772:
2062:
1784:
1648:
1616:
1610:
sermons were preached in 1520 and 1521, although the nobility, the city councils and King
1515:
1414:
1370:
1053:
982:
794:
563:
477:
423:
1811:
717:
2486:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1001:
Slavs settled in the region from the 7th century. In the area between today's cities of
2507:
2138:
1967:
1705:. Furious King Ferdinand ordered the League's representatives to his Bohemian court at
1390:
1366:
rapidly gained importance and became economically the strongest city of Upper Lusatia.
1308:
1264:
arose. The country's expansion intensified in the middle of the 12th century under the
1154:
1091:
in 968. In 1007, the diocese received the first donation in Milceni lands, the castles
1039:
697:
524:
517:
489:
2086:
1732:
1522:
Upon the death of Matthias Corvinus in 1490, Upper Lusatia again became a constituent
3380:
2582:
2542:
2073:
1978:
1925:
1663:
1607:
1591:
1394:
1048:
857:
786:
757:
741:
629:
583:
509:
2785:
Pieradzka, Krystyna (1949). "Związki handlowe Łużyc ze Śląskiem w dawnych wiekach".
2647:
2000:
1417:. The united forces of the cities should secure the public peace and override local
1193:
575:
3296:
2845:
Matyniak, Alojzy S. (1968). "Kontakty kulturalne polsko-serbołużyckie w XVIII w.".
2007:
1903:
1885:
1472:
1031:
946:
659:
2676:
Main museums dedicated to the history of the region include the Sorbian museum in
1909:
1837:
in the southeast. The Upper Lusatian territory north of it, i.e. the districts of
1288:
development of the country, they enjoyed the same rights as the German colonists.
958:
763:
All major rivers in the Upper Lusatia flow from south to north. In the west, the
3203:
3167:
2635:
2613:
2609:
2562:
2370:
1921:
1838:
1620:
1459:
and Lower Lusatian nobles, the cities waged war against the insurgents. In turn
1271:
1261:
1242:
1018:
877:
849:
676:
559:
35:
1606:
ideas spread all over Upper Lusatia. In Görlitz, Bautzen and Zittau, the first
1505:, Silesia and both Lusatias, but never ruled in Bohemia itself. Until the 1479
3321:
2712:
2639:
2557:
1948:
1929:
1846:
1834:
1780:, the Sorbian national revival began and resistance to Germanization emerged.
1693:
of 1546/47 and even arranged troops in support of Ferdinand's brother Emperor
1667:
1599:
1174:
985:. Archeological evidence documents a path between the settlement areas around
974:
810:
733:
594:
346:
3362:
3349:
3038:
1079:. In the year 1002 the city of Bautzen was first mentioned by the chronicler
3291:
2689:
2587:
2547:
1686:
1681:
and neither could afford to estrange the nobles nor to force back spreading
1490:
1346:
1281:
907:
region (on the Neisse from Görlitz to Zittau, north of the Zittau Mountains)
861:
773:
725:
598:
353:
238:
3192:
892:
Today, Upper Lusatia is grouped into eight natural regions or landscapes:
3276:
3256:
2577:
2572:
2027:
1895:
1850:
1769:
1765:
1555:
1468:
1448:
1386:
1296:
994:
949:
in the northeast (around Bad Muskau and Weisswasser, Poland, in the east)
886:
845:
822:
753:
729:
232:
3102:. 2. durchgesehene Auflage, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 2004,
2879:
Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831
2738:
Słowianie zachodni : z dziejów tworzenia się średniowiecznej Europy
1939:, Belgian, British, Australian, New Zealander, Canadian, South African,
2677:
2537:
2054:
1861:
1830:
1753:
1538:
1485:
In 1469 the Upper Lusatian estates even seceded from the Bohemian king
1478:
1304:
1277:
1096:
1072:
1006:
986:
978:
853:
826:
721:
701:
693:
653:
614:
590:
547:
534:
The major part of Upper Lusatia is part of the German federal state of
513:
501:
336:
314:
226:
1106:
Soon, however, the German feudal rule was threatened by the ascending
684:
The highest elevations of the German part of Upper Lusatia are in the
2592:
2567:
2015:
1952:
1788:
1749:
1706:
1561:
1460:
1382:
1002:
990:
841:
806:
736:(587 m). However, the highest point of historic Upper Lusatia is the
637:
535:
505:
379:
358:
326:
243:
3029:
2881:(in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 65–66.
1482:(diet) developed into the main instrument of the estates' autonomy.
648:. The middle part is hilly, while the south is characterized by the
2608:
2502:
1994:
1908:
1805:
1731:
1581:
1431:
1313:
1192:
1122:. After several volatile and bitter feuds both parties signed the
1017:
876:
818:
675:
658:
645:
528:
3070:
Zahl der Arbeitslosen in der Oberlausitz unter 17.000 gesunken -
1169:, four of them south of Göda. For 1144 it is documented that the
993:. A fortified hill from the 10th century BC, the Schafsberg near
3316:
2740:. Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. pp. 234, 235.
1635:, his crown lands including Upper Lusatia were inherited by his
1342:
1292:
1057:
3207:
2806:
Der Bund der Sechsstädte in der Ober-Lausitz: Eine Jubelschrift
1651:
by the estates; however the rule was entrusted to the Bohemian
793:
in the far south of the country and flows through Bautzen. The
2662:
2466:
2364:
2081:
1970:, or as an independent Sorbian state in alliance with Poland.
1674:
1114:
conquered both Upper and Lower Lusatia and forced German king
613:
in contemporary chronicles, named after the local West Slavic
562:. The eastern part of Upper Lusatia is in Poland, east of the
29:
2695:
Zgorzelec is home to one of Poland's largest war cemeteries.
1864:
before, it is still referred to as "Silesian Upper Lusatia" (
609:. The Upper Lusatian territory was previously referred to as
3330:
2996:(2). Wrocław: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo
809:, flows through Görlitz/Zgorzelec and leaves the country at
1984:
German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war
1354:, although the administrative practice changed frequently.
1318:
Upper Lusatia (blue) held by the Margraves of Brandenburg,
942:
in the northwest (northwest of Kamenz, west of Hoyerswerda)
2030:, however, many soon relocated to other places in Poland.
2006:
After the end of World War II in 1945, the border between
1943:, Serbian, Soviet, Slovak and American POWs with multiple
1860:
Though this area had never been affiliated with historic
1821:, the northeastern part of Upper Lusatia passed from the
813:
for Lower Lusatia. Most of the smaller rivers are called
601:, halved between Germany and Poland since 1945. The name
523:
tribe. Both parts of Lusatia are home to the West Slavic
1740:
The Margraviate of Upper Lusatia was transferred by the
928:
region (around Bautzen and Löbau north of the Highlands)
825:
and continues north towards the Silesian lands into the
2808:(in German). Görlitz: G. Heinze & Comp. p. 11.
2098:
3150:. Spitzkunnersdorf : Oberlausitzer Verlag, 2008.
2661:
Poland's oldest tree, the over-1200-year-old Henryków
1756:
ran through the region in the 18th century and Kings
1537:
assembly of the estates. Ever since the 15th century
1421:. This was also in the sense of the sovereign, King
700:. The highest peaks of the Zittau Mountains are the
2395:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1913:Memorial to Soviet and Polish troops fallen in the
390:
369:
352:
342:
332:
302:
139:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1774:coat of arms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1724:in the neighbouring lands of Bohemia and Moravia.
1087:. The church of Upper Lusatia was assigned to the
1038:initiated a period of military subjugation of the
1791:, that is the 1st Horse Artillery Company of the
1647:. During his only visit in 1537, he received the
777:trade route) formerly marked the border with the
3054:Letnia Szkoła Historii Najnowszej 2012. Referaty
1795:Division and 2nd Horse Artillery Company of the
3135:. Oberlausitzer Verlag, Spitzkunnersdorf 2004,
2775:at www.silvaportal.info. Accessed 11 July 2011.
756:of Upper Lusatia with the historical region of
696:region in the south, which today belong to the
1920:During World War II, the Germans operated the
1173:province, an area southeast of Görlitz around
3219:
3174:(The Wendish Voyage)", Domowina-Verlag 2004,
1034:. With the raids of 921/922 and 928/929 King
644:in 1996, in particular for the protection of
8:
1673:King Ferdinand was dependent on support and
1670:, Seidenberg, Hoyerswerda, and Königsbrück.
1269:
708:at 749 m (2,457 ft). The adjacent
574:. A small strip of land in the north around
2703:One of the most successful sports teams is
1833:in the northwest to the Bohemian border at
1685:. In turn the estates, unlike the Bohemian
1393:, the southwesternmost duchy of fragmented
962:Coat of arms of Upper Lusatia, as drawn by
905:East Lusatian Hill Country and River Neisse
3226:
3212:
3204:
2894:Kapitał społeczno-polityczny Serbołużyczan
1631:When King Louis II was killed at the 1526
593:, while the largest city in the region is
136:
3028:
2455:Learn how and when to remove this message
2070:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony and Warsaw
801:since 1945. The river rises in the Czech
589:The historic capital of Upper Lusatia is
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3422:Former duchies of the Kingdom of Bohemia
2261:
2186:
2156:
2136:
2116:
1697:—against the fierce protest of reformer
1662:the establishment of the Upper Lusatian
1299:and in return received the country as a
1291:Due to immigration from the west of the
957:
921:(northwest from Bischofswerda to Kamenz)
512:to the north, it makes up the region of
3118:Beiträge zur Geschichte der Oberlausitz
2759:
2757:
2728:
1817:According to the Final Act of the 1815
1060:and after 965 of the newly established
634:Upper Lusatian Heath and Pond Landscape
389:
351:
331:
301:
281:
253:
177:
27:Historical region in Germany and Poland
2263:Wettin Electors of Saxony (1635–1815)
2188:Habsburg Kings of Bohemia (1526–1635)
1568:the six cities of the Lusatian League.
1533:The country's centre of power was the
1161:. The son-in-law of Vratislaus, Count
933:Upper Lusatian Heath and Lake District
760:to the east and Bohemia to the south.
455:
2990:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
2847:Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
1619:. Overall, it took decades until the
692:forming the border with the adjacent
546:. The northwestern extremity, around
430:
368:
341:
7:
2393:adding citations to reliable sources
2351:from 1806, Duke of Warsaw from 1807
1829:. The new demarcation line ran from
1716:officially implemented the Lutheran
1643:, husband of the late king's sister
771:(the "Gate to Upper Lusatia" on the
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3085:, Dz. U., 2004, vol. 102, No. 1059
2709:2013–14 Polish Basketball Champions
1935:for Polish POWs and civilians, and
1233:, which was richly endowed by King
1110:and its western expansion. In 1002
914:(southern Upper Lusatia to Bohemia)
900:(southeastern tip of Upper Lusatia)
704:at 792.6 m (2,600 ft)and
2510:in Mehltheuer/Lubjenc near Bautzen
25:
1868:), e.g. by the local body of the
1381:. The eastern part with Görlitz,
3191:
2877:Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925).
2855:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
2471:
2369:
2085:
2061:
2042:
1898:and co-operated with the Sorbs.
1022:March of Lusatia (outlined) and
582:, along with the Polish part of
404:
399:
394:
319:
307:
283:
268:
258:
210:
203:
192:
185:
34:
3312:Vesser Valley Thuringian Forest
3011:Woszczerowicz, Zuzanna (2022).
2968:Gross-Rosen Museum in Rogoźnica
2673:, is located in Upper Lusatia.
2380:needs additional citations for
2253:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1619
2229:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1512
2207:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1564
2196:, Holy Roman Emperor from 1558
2024:refugees of the Greek Civil War
1853:, was attached to the Prussian
1213:. He not only promised him the
1157:in turn for his support in the
652:, the westernmost range of the
289:Upper Lusatia as a part of the
45:needs additional citations for
2711:and former participant of the
1961:Gross-Rosen concentration camp
1712:Ferdinand's successor Emperor
1149:granted Budissin Land to Duke
688:(Lusatian Ridge), part of the
1:
3417:Biosphere reserves of Germany
3397:Historical regions in Germany
2964:"Subcamps of KL Gross- Rosen"
2161:Kings of Bohemia (1490–1526)
1748:. Two main routes connecting
1586:St. Peter's Church in Bautzen
1576:privilegium de non-appellando
1319:
1249:, which was subjected to the
680:Historic map of Upper Lusatia
3402:Historical regions in Poland
2141:King of Hungary (1469–1490)
2121:King of Bohemia (1458–1469)
2010:and Poland was fixed at the
1890:issued the Polish newspaper
1397:-ruled Poland. In 1329 Duke
1205:signed an alliance with the
919:Northwest Lusatian Highlands
805:, enters Upper Lusatia near
789:river has its source in the
18:Margraviate of Upper Lusatia
3427:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
2896:(in Polish). Zielona Góra:
2656:Historic Monument of Poland
2239:Frederick of the Palatinate
2026:, settled in Zgorzelec and
1455:. In alliance with Emperor
1005:and Löbau the tribe of the
636:is Pleistocene formed. The
554:, is incorporated into the
3443:
3133:Oberlausitz. Schöne Heimat
2938:"Gerichtsgefängnis Zittau"
2736:Leciejewicz, Lech (1989).
1689:, remained neutral in the
1615:successfully and remained
1524:Land of the Bohemian Crown
1329:Between the death of King
1237:and his successors; Queen
940:Königsbrück-Ruhland Heaths
935:(east of Kamenz to Niesky)
572:Lower Silesian Voivodeship
3328:
3242:
2898:Uniwersytet Zielonogórski
2480:This article needs to be
1999:Polish boundary stone in
1810:Inner-Lusatian border at
1736:1645 map of Upper Lusatia
1303:. Unlike in neighbouring
1197:Ortenburg Castle, Bautzen
640:has declared this area a
617:tribe, later also called
558:district of the state of
457:[ˈhɔʁnʲaˈwuʒitsa]
432:[ˈoːbɐˌlaʊ̯zɪt͡s]
282:
254:
225:From top, left to right:
178:
169:
3172:Die wendische Schiffahrt
3131:Frank Nürnberger (ed.):
3120:. Oettel, Görlitz 2000,
2820:"Informacja historyczna"
2631:to modern architecture.
1915:Battle of Bautzen (1945)
1639:brother-in-law Archduke
1403:terra et civitas goerlic
1211:Vladislaus II of Bohemia
1151:Vratislaus II of Bohemia
1118:to enfeoff him with the
3098:Joachim Bahlcke (ed.):
3056:(in Polish). Warszawa:
2804:Köhler, Gustav (1846).
2688:("Lusatian Museum") in
1866:Schlesische Oberlausitz
1590:Only a few years after
1331:Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
1143:Investiture Controversy
473:
448:
3407:Regions of Brandenburg
3336:
2998:Polskiej Akademii Nauk
2616:
2511:
2345:Frederick Augustus III
2003:
1917:
1906:, some were retained.
1814:
1762:Augustus III of Poland
1758:Augustus II the Strong
1742:Peace of Prague (1635)
1737:
1641:Ferdinand I of Austria
1596:The Ninety-Five Theses
1587:
1444:
1359:Otto IV of Brandenburg
1333:in 1253 and 1262, the
1326:
1270:
1198:
1062:Margraviate of Meissen
1027:
966:
926:Upper Lusatian Gefilde
889:
867:Lusatian Lake District
681:
668:
493:
481:
427:
3334:
2771:26 March 2012 at the
2682:Serbski muzej Budyšin
2612:
2553:Ebersbach-Neugersdorf
2506:
2324:Frederick Augustus II
2218:, Holy Roman Emperor
1998:
1933:prisoner-of-war camps
1912:
1809:
1735:
1679:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1585:
1435:
1317:
1307:, the nobles held no
1196:
1163:Wiprecht of Groitzsch
1130:over the Polish king
1081:Thietmar of Merseburg
1021:
961:
880:
679:
663:Hilly landscape near
662:
578:is incorporated into
556:Oberspreewald-Lausitz
538:, roughly comprising
371: • Summer (
3392:Geography of Lusatia
3200:at Wikimedia Commons
2793:(4). Wrocław: 89–91.
2389:improve this article
2309:Frederick Augustus I
2242:(the "Winter King")
1835:Seidenberg (Zawidów)
1793:Jan Henryk Dąbrowski
1778:Age of Enlightenment
1746:Electorate of Saxony
1553:, consisting of the
1501:, who had conquered
1438:Upper Lusatian house
1262:Hoyerswerda/Wojerecy
1241:in 1234 donated the
1235:Ottokar I of Bohemia
1231:St. Peter in Bautzen
1203:Frederick Barbarossa
852:large quantities of
840:) landscape between
799:German-Polish border
672:Mountains and rivers
625:Geography and nature
54:improve this article
3359: /
2912:"Gefängnis Görlitz"
2652:World Heritage Site
2335:Frederick Christian
2264:
2189:
2162:
2142:
2127:George of Poděbrady
2122:
1855:Province of Silesia
1772:decorated with the
1722:Counter-Reformation
1718:Confessio Augustana
1699:Johannes Bugenhagen
1612:Louis II of Bohemia
1516:Oberlandeshauptmann
1487:George of Poděbrady
1375:House of Luxembourg
1280:and had to perform
1147:Henry IV of Germany
1136:Treaty of Merseburg
1085:Eckard I of Meissen
969:The hunters of the
3337:
3287:Schorfheide-Chorin
3247:Berchtesgaden Alps
3235:Biosphere reserves
3114:Karlheinz Blaschke
2717:EuroCup Basketball
2617:
2512:
2262:
2187:
2157:
2137:
2117:
2097:. You can help by
2004:
1918:
1870:Evangelical Church
1827:Kingdom of Prussia
1819:Congress of Vienna
1815:
1738:
1703:Battle of Mühlberg
1588:
1445:
1379:Louis the Bavarian
1327:
1199:
1132:Mieszko II Lambert
1112:Bolesław I Chrobry
1089:Diocese of Meissen
1077:Doberschau/Dobruša
1028:
1014:Meissen and Poland
967:
964:Hugo Gerard Ströhl
912:Lusatian Highlands
890:
832:The central hilly
791:Lusatian Highlands
710:Lusatian Highlands
690:Lusatian Mountains
682:
669:
650:Lusatian Mountains
580:Lubusz Voivodeship
516:, named after the
237:Culture Center in
3412:Regions of Saxony
3363:51.167°N 14.333°E
3342:
3341:
3302:Thuringian Forest
3267:Palatinate Forest
3196:Media related to
3156:978-3-933827-88-3
3108:978-3-935693-46-2
2900:. pp. 88–89.
2671:Henryków Lubański
2501:
2500:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2439:
2358:
2357:
2326:, King of Poland
2260:
2259:
2185:
2184:
2155:
2154:
2147:Matthias Corvinus
2135:
2134:
2115:
2114:
2051:Matthias Corvinus
1823:Kingdom of Saxony
1801:Józef Poniatowski
1627:Habsburg Monarchy
1499:Matthias Corvinus
1489:, because of his
1453:Czech Reformation
1352:Thirty Years' War
1251:Diocese of Prague
1108:Kingdom of Poland
1044:Otto I of Germany
821:, who flows past
665:Steinigtwolmsdorf
642:Biosphere Reserve
498:historical region
412:
411:
295:Holy Roman Empire
231:Market Square in
172:Historical region
164:
134:Historical region
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
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3017:Zeszyty Łużyckie
3008:
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3001:
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2867:Matyniak, p. 241
2865:
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2824:Dresden-Warszawa
2816:
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2397:
2373:
2365:
2311:, "the Strong",
2265:
2190:
2163:
2143:
2123:
2110:
2107:
2089:
2082:
2065:
2046:
2012:Oder–Neisse line
1889:
1691:Schmalkaldic War
1633:Battle of Mohács
1507:Peace of Olomouc
1399:Henry I of Jawor
1373:from the mighty
1324:
1321:
1275:
1201:In 1156 Emperor
1124:Peace of Bautzen
1036:Henry the Fowler
971:Middle Stone Age
898:Zittau Mountains
803:Jizera Mountains
783:Saxon Electorate
750:Jizera Mountains
686:Zittau Mountains
630:Geomorphological
607:March of Lusatia
603:Lusatia superior
544:Görlitz district
540:Bautzen district
467:
466:
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442:
441:
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291:Crown of Bohemia
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3335:Flag of Germany
3326:
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3188:
3164:
3162:Further reading
3095:
3090:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
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3046:
3030:10.32798/zl.954
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2942:Bundesarchiv.de
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2916:Bundesarchiv.de
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2798:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2773:Wayback Machine
2762:
2755:
2748:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2725:
2705:Turów Zgorzelec
2701:
2686:Muzeum Łużyckie
2667:Cis henrykowski
2607:
2602:
2597:
2533:
2521:Oberlausitzisch
2497:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2476:
2472:
2461:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2404:"Upper Lusatia"
2398:
2396:
2386:
2374:
2363:
2289:John George III
2111:
2105:
2102:
2095:needs expansion
2080:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2076:
2066:
2058:
2057:
2049:Relief of King
2047:
2036:
1993:
1883:
1877:Polish Romantic
1785:Napoleonic Wars
1730:
1677:in the ongoing
1664:state countries
1645:Anne of Bohemia
1629:
1528:Amtshauptmänner
1415:Lusatian League
1411:
1409:Lusatian League
1371:John of Bohemia
1363:John of Görlitz
1322:
1309:allodial titles
1191:
1159:Saxon Rebellion
1016:
987:Bautzen/Budyšin
983:Lusatian Neisse
956:
875:
873:Natural regions
860:and Turów near
797:has formed the
795:Lusatian Neisse
674:
667:, Upper Lusatia
627:
591:Bautzen/Budyšin
462:
461:
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69:"Upper Lusatia"
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3368:51.167; 14.333
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3299:
3294:
3289:
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3272:Rhön Mountains
3269:
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3240:
3239:
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3230:
3223:
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3201:
3187:
3186:External links
3184:
3183:
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3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3144:
3129:
3111:
3094:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3063:
3060:. p. 117.
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2884:
2869:
2860:
2853:(2). Wrocław:
2837:
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2349:King of Saxony
2341:
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2327:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2313:King of Poland
2305:
2304:
2301:
2299:John George IV
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2291:
2285:
2284:
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2279:John George II
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2092:
2090:
2067:
2060:
2059:
2053:of Hungary in
2048:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2032:
1992:
1989:
1968:Czechoslovakia
1875:In the 1840s,
1851:Lauban (Lubań)
1729:
1726:
1628:
1625:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1410:
1407:
1391:Duchy of Jawor
1389:passed to the
1266:Bohemian kings
1247:St. Marienthal
1190:
1187:
1145:in 1076, King
1040:Polabian Slavs
1026:Land, 1886 map
1015:
1012:
1003:Kamenz/Kamjenc
955:
952:
951:
950:
943:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
874:
871:
698:Czech Republic
673:
670:
626:
623:
525:minority group
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367:
366:
356:
350:
349:
344:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
304:
300:
299:
288:
280:
279:
273:
267:
263:
257:
256:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
241:
235:
229:
222:
221:
209:
202:
201:
200:
191:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
143:
140:
133:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3439:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3387:Upper Lusatia
3385:
3384:
3382:
3375:
3372:
3333:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:Upper Lusatia
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3199:
3198:Upper Lusatia
3194:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3180:3-7420-1988-0
3177:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3142:
3141:3-933827-42-6
3138:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3126:3-932693-59-0
3123:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3019:(in Polish).
3018:
3014:
3007:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2992:(in Polish).
2991:
2984:
2981:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2943:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2885:
2880:
2873:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2849:(in Polish).
2848:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2800:
2797:
2792:
2789:(in Polish).
2788:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2765:Upper Lusatia
2760:
2758:
2754:
2749:
2747:83-04-02690-2
2743:
2739:
2732:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Bischofswerda
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2531:Largest towns
2530:
2528:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2483:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2456:
2448:
2437:
2434:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2413:
2409:
2406: –
2405:
2401:
2400:Find sources:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2383:
2378:This article
2376:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2270:
2269:John George I
2267:
2266:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2209:
2206:
2205:Maximilian II
2203:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2167:Vladislaus II
2165:
2164:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2109:
2100:
2096:
2093:This section
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2075:
2074:Bischofswerda
2071:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1975:Eastern Front
1971:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:and multiple
1954:
1950:
1946:
1945:forced labour
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1926:Stalag VIII-A
1923:
1916:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1881:Roman Zmorski
1878:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1766:Polish nobles
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1734:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1714:Maximilian II
1710:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1683:Protestantism
1680:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1660:
1659:Berka of Dubá
1656:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:Martin Luther
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1511:Vladislaus II
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1480:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:robber barons
1416:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:margraves of
1336:
1332:
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:monastery of
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1155:Imperial fief
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:Marca Geronis
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1025:
1020:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
996:
992:
991:Zittau/Žitawa
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
965:
960:
953:
948:
944:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
894:
893:
888:
884:
879:
872:
870:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
781:lands of the
780:
776:
775:
770:
766:
761:
759:
758:Lower Silesia
755:
752:, the border
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:(499 m), and
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
712:comprise the
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
678:
671:
666:
661:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
624:
622:
620:
619:Land Budissin
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
584:Lower Lusatia
581:
577:
573:
569:
567:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
511:
510:Lower Lusatia
508:. Along with
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
470:Lower Sorbian
464:
458:
450:
449:Hornja Łužica
446:
445:Upper Sorbian
439:
433:
429:
425:
421:
416:
415:Upper Lusatia
407:
402:
397:
393:
385:
381:
378:
374:
364:
360:
357:
355:
348:
345:
338:
335:
328:
316:
305:
296:
292:
286:
271:
261:
245:
242:
240:
236:
234:
230:
228:
224:
223:
213:
206:
195:
188:
173:
168:
163:
159:
155:
154:Hornja Łužica
151:
147:
141:Upper Lusatia
138:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3344:
3306:
3297:Swabian Jura
3252:Black Forest
3171:
3147:
3146:Tino Fröde:
3132:
3117:
3099:
3078:
3066:
3053:
3047:
3020:
3016:
3006:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2971:. Retrieved
2967:
2958:
2946:. Retrieved
2941:
2932:
2920:. Retrieved
2915:
2906:
2893:
2887:
2878:
2872:
2863:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2828:. Retrieved
2823:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2764:
2737:
2731:
2702:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2666:
2660:
2643:
2633:
2618:
2525:
2520:
2513:
2492:January 2024
2489:
2481:
2451:
2442:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2399:
2387:Please help
2382:verification
2379:
2251:Ferdinand II
2237:
2159:Jagiellonian
2103:
2099:adding to it
2094:
2008:East Germany
2005:
1982:
1972:
1965:
1919:
1904:World War II
1900:
1891:
1874:
1865:
1859:
1816:
1812:Königswartha
1782:
1739:
1711:
1672:
1652:
1630:
1589:
1574:
1571:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1484:
1477:
1473:Hussite Wars
1446:
1426:
1412:
1402:
1368:
1356:
1328:
1290:
1286:Landesausbau
1285:
1259:
1255:Kuckau/Kukow
1223:
1200:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1167:Milzenerland
1166:
1140:
1119:
1105:
1100:
1092:
1068:
1066:
1047:
1032:East Francia
1029:
1023:
1000:
968:
947:Muskau Heath
891:
837:
833:
831:
814:
772:
762:
745:
737:
718:Löbauer Berg
683:
628:
618:
610:
602:
588:
565:
533:
520:
494:Horní Lužice
485:
482:Łużyce Górne
474:Górna Łužyca
414:
413:
343:Largest town
274:Coat of arms
162:Horní Lužice
161:
158:Górna Łužyca
157:
153:
150:Łużyce Górne
149:
145:
131:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3366: /
3262:Middle Elbe
3168:Kito Lorenc
2944:(in German)
2918:(in German)
2826:(in Polish)
2636:Muskau Park
2625:Renaissance
2614:Muskau Park
2563:Hoyerswerda
2445:August 2022
2361:Inhabitants
2194:Ferdinand I
2106:August 2010
2020:Macedonians
1922:Stalag IV-A
1884: [
1839:Hoyerswerda
1783:During the
1604:Reformative
1465:Reichenbach
1339:Brandenburg
1323: 1253
1272:Ostsiedlung
1215:royal crown
1141:During the
1073:Göda/Hodźij
995:Löbau/Lubij
850:Hoyerswerda
769:Königsbrück
714:Landeskrone
560:Brandenburg
428:Oberlausitz
293:within the
146:Oberlausitz
3381:Categories
3354:14°19′59″E
3351:51°10′01″N
3322:Wadden Sea
3237:in Germany
3000:: 380–381.
2973:6 November
2948:6 November
2922:6 November
2830:22 October
2723:References
2713:EuroLeague
2640:Bad Muskau
2583:Weißwasser
2415:newspapers
2354:1763–1815
2329:1733–1763
2318:1694–1733
2315:from 1697
2303:1691–1694
2293:1680–1691
2283:1656–1680
2273:1635–1656
2256:1617–1635
2232:1611–1617
2221:1576–1611
2210:1562–1576
2199:1526–1562
2181:1516–1526
2171:1490–1516
2151:1469–1490
2131:1458–1469
1930:Oflag IV-D
1843:Rothenburg
1799:of Prince
1797:VIII Corps
1687:utraquists
1654:Hofmeister
1608:Protestant
1600:Wittenberg
1556:Freiherren
1551:Landstände
1549:the rural
1509:with King
1423:Charles IV
1347:burggraves
1243:Cistercian
1179:Seidenberg
1120:Gau Milsca
1095:(probably
1052:under the
975:Bronze Age
881:View from
858:Weißwasser
854:brown coal
811:Bad Muskau
738:Tafelstein
734:Valtenberg
453:pronounced
80:newspapers
3292:Spreewald
3282:Schaalsee
3039:0867-6364
2690:Zgorzelec
2588:Zgorzelec
2548:Bogatynia
2216:Rudolf II
2119:Poděbrady
1770:mileposts
1695:Charles V
1598:in Saxon
1565:chivalry,
1495:Hungarian
1491:utraquist
1457:Sigismund
1447:When the
1442:Ebersbach
1427:Weichbild
1297:margraves
1282:serjeanty
1239:Kunigunde
1207:Přemyslid
1128:Conrad II
1069:Burgwards
1056:margrave
862:Bogatynia
838:Pahórčina
774:Via Regia
748:) in the
728:(561 m),
726:Czorneboh
724:(583 m),
720:(448 m),
716:(420 m),
599:Zgorzelec
420:‹See Tfd›
354:Time zone
303:Countries
239:Zgorzelec
110:July 2010
3257:Bliesgau
2769:Archived
2623:through
2245:1619/20
2227:Matthias
2068:Bust of
1991:Post-war
1957:subcamps
1896:Budissin
1657:Zdislav
1637:Habsburg
1621:Lutheran
1617:Catholic
1539:prelates
1436:Typical
1343:Landvogt
1335:Ascanian
1219:Bohemian
1116:Henry II
1103:(Göda).
1093:Ostrusna
1024:Milsieni
981:and the
887:Rotstein
765:Pulsnitz
754:tripoint
730:Bieleboh
706:Hochwald
694:Bohemian
564:Neisse (
391:Highways
246:Old Town
3093:Sources
3023:: 257.
2787:Sobótka
2678:Bautzen
2648:Łęknica
2644:Mužakow
2629:Baroque
2600:Culture
2558:Görlitz
2538:Bautzen
2517:Sorbian
2482:updated
2429:scholar
2139:Hunyadi
2055:Bautzen
2001:Łęknica
1959:of the
1949:Görlitz
1941:Italian
1862:Silesia
1847:Görlitz
1831:Ruhland
1825:to the
1754:Dresden
1744:to the
1594:put up
1543:Landtag
1535:Landtag
1503:Moravia
1479:Landtag
1449:Hussite
1305:Bohemia
1227:college
1189:Bohemia
1175:Zawidów
1097:Ostritz
1007:Milceni
979:Bohemia
954:History
883:Sohland
834:Gefilde
829:river.
815:-wasser
779:Meissen
722:Kottmar
702:Lausche
654:Sudetes
615:Milceni
595:Görlitz
576:Łęknica
568:) river
548:Ruhland
527:of the
514:Lusatia
502:Germany
496:) is a
347:Görlitz
337:Bautzen
333:Capital
315:Germany
227:Bautzen
94:scholar
3178:
3154:
3139:
3124:
3106:
3037:
2857:: 243.
2744:
2699:Sports
2684:) and
2646:) and
2621:Gothic
2605:Sights
2593:Zittau
2568:Kamenz
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2402:
2034:Rulers
2016:Greeks
1953:Zittau
1937:French
1892:Stadło
1789:Zittau
1750:Warsaw
1728:Saxony
1707:Prague
1668:Muskau
1649:homage
1602:, his
1562:Ritter
1461:Kamenz
1383:Zittau
1171:Zagost
1153:as an
1101:Godobi
1099:) and
885:to Mt
842:Kamenz
807:Zittau
785:. The
646:otters
638:UNESCO
611:Milsko
552:Tettau
536:Saxony
521:Lusici
518:Slavic
506:Poland
486:Milsko
478:Polish
424:German
327:Poland
324:
312:
297:(1618)
244:Kamenz
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3277:Rügen
2851:XXIII
2669:) in
2650:is a
2578:Lubań
2573:Löbau
2436:JSTOR
2422:books
2339:1763
2177:Louis
2028:Lubań
1979:Horka
1888:]
1879:poet
1675:taxes
1497:king
1469:Löbau
1395:Piast
1387:Lubań
1325:-1319
1278:serfs
1209:duke
1183:Queis
1054:Saxon
846:Löbau
823:Lubań
819:Kwisa
787:Spree
746:Smrek
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