572:
2885:
2873:
141:
767:
354:
106:
4648:
2584:
2642:
1948:
621:, occupying 150 hectares (370 acres), is the largest by area, while Lake Tabashinskoye is the deepest. Swamps cover large areas—10–70 km (3.9–27.0 sq mi) and up to 100 km (39 sq mi)—and usually freeze in December. While swamps tend to be shallow, with an average depth of 0.5–1.5 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 11 in), they are impassable in fall and spring due to flooding.
94:
4736:
2812:
656:
616:
being the major water arteries. Most rivers are considered to be minor—10–50 m (33–164 ft) wide and 0.5–1.4 m (1 ft 8 in – 4 ft 7 in) deep—and usually freeze between mid-November and mid-April. There are over 700 lakes and ponds; many located in the swampy
2700:
For the past few years, the Mari El
Republic has been participating in the national project "Education" ("Oбразование"), which is designed to improve education throughout Russia by bringing new technology into the classroom, improving material conditions in schools, and providing financial awards to
2880:
There are many museums located throughout the territory of the republic. The largest ones include the
National Museum, the Museum of History, and the Museum of Fine Arts in Yoshkar-Ola; the Museum of Arts and History, the Ethnographic Open-Air Museum, and the Merchant Life Museum in Kozmodemyansk;
2637:
where they offer animal and vegetable sacrifices, there are about 20 festivals yearly. Although traditional religion is one of Mari El's three officially recognized religions (along with
Orthodoxy and Islam) Mari religious practises have come under increasing pressure, according to human rights
3074:Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.
571:
2884:
3797:
24 июня 1995 г. «Конституция Республики Марий Эл», в ред. Закона №21-З от 31 июля 2014 г. «О поправке 59 к Конституции Республики Марий Эл». Вступил в силу 7 июля 1995 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Марийская правда", 7 июля 1995
789:
newspapers to close. Many ethnic Mari activists live in fear of violence. The Mari activist and chief editor
Vladimir Kozlov was badly beaten after he criticized Markelov's government. Other Mari leaders have been subject to violence, legal persecution, and intimidation.
628:, with moderately cold and snowy winters and warm and often rainy summers. The average temperatures range from 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) in summer to −18 – −20 °C (0 – −4 °F) in winter. November is the windiest month of the year. Annual
2701:
extraordinary students and teachers. Although the Mari language is officially a state language, Mari educators and administrators have been forced from their positions in recent years and Mari-language education has been defunded, according to the
3508:Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек
3871:
2872:
3535:[All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers].
2881:
and the
Sheremetyev Castle Museum-reserve in Yurino. There are also museums dedicated to the poet Nikolay Mukhin and the composer Ivan Klyuchnikov-Palantay in Yoshkar-Ola and the house-museum of writer Sergei Chavayn in Chavaynur.
2717:
The most developed industries are machine construction, metalworking, timber, woodworking, and food industries. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in the capital
Yoshkar-Ola, as well as in the towns of
3156:
2406:
62,138 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.
3667:
801:, based on the worship of the forces of nature, has encountered hostility as well. Vitaly Tanakov was charged with inciting religious, national, social, and linguistic hatred after publishing the book
3532:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров
3511:[Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000]
5463:
129:
3092:Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.
1979:(consisting of the Eastern Mari, who fled to Bashkorostan to escape religious persecution). During the last Soviet Census (1989), 4% of the Mari of the Soviet Union lived outside of Russia.
3554:
3026:
593:
is in the west of the
Republic, contrasted by hillier landscapes in the east where the highest point of the Republic (at 278 metres (912 ft)) is located. The Republic borders with
2757:
Traveling cheaply and quickly to various towns and villages within the
Republic is made possible through a network of fifteen train stations, fifty-three bus stations, and numerous
5458:
3152:
3475:"Russian Federation: The Human Rights Situation of the Mari Minority of the Republic of Mari El : A Study of the Titular Nationality of One of Russia's Ethnic Regions"
4884:
663:
Ancient Mari tribes were known since the 5th century, though archaeologists suspect that the Mari culture is much older in its roots. Later their area was a tributary of
2775:, located near Yoshkar-Ola, and a port on the Volga River in Kozmodemyansk. There are also four other minor river ports in the republic. Regional automobile code is 12.
4614:
3924:
756:
302:
3458:
4821:
3671:
130:
695:
4605:
2926:
812:, found widespread evidence of political and cultural persecution of Mari people, and of "a broader trend of repression of dissidents in the republic".
5372:
4552:
4200:
3587:
3502:
3316:
3186:
5362:
5418:
501:
3654:
4877:
617:
areas and have areas of less than 1 km (0.39 sq mi) and depths of 1–3 m (3 ft 3 in – 9 ft 10 in).
235:
3558:
372:
5357:
4020:
3917:
140:
120:
647:. About 50% of the Republic's territory is forested, although the level of forestation varies significantly from one district to another.
4715:
4710:
4637:
5367:
5231:
4791:
3393:
726:
signed a power-sharing agreement with the federal government, granting it autonomy. This agreement was abolished on 31 December 2001.
3229:
5018:
4870:
2981:
2859:
3160:
5246:
5206:
105:
3608:
2742:
5261:
4750:
3910:
2719:
2690:
808:
The
International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights (IHF) and the Moscow Helsinki Group (MHG), in an exhaustive 2006 report
151:
3280:
5226:
4786:
4598:
4427:
2837:
2662:
2633:
During the 1990s the religion was officially recognized by the State and began to revive. The Mari gather at around 520 holy
5148:
3539:(in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики . 1989 – via
3153:"Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)"
2697:, both located in Yoshkar-Ola. There are also more than 900 primary and secondary schools located throughout the republic.
860:
766:
5266:
5216:
5171:
5028:
4953:
4938:
4918:
4831:
4417:
3933:
3455:
2614:) is still practised today by many Mari people and is the main religion of the Mari of Bashkortostan; also practised is a
2622:. The Czars took drastic measures to force Christianity on the Mari, going so far as blowing up a holy mountain, and the
5468:
5410:
5241:
5088:
4968:
4647:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4284:
4259:
210:
5395:
5349:
5339:
5319:
5143:
5128:
5118:
4993:
4923:
4806:
4538:
4403:
4249:
2533:
193:
5309:
5138:
5123:
5083:
5068:
5023:
5013:
4978:
4963:
4928:
4897:
4841:
4796:
4548:
4466:
3947:
3884:
3833:
1968:
271:
205:
5329:
5314:
5133:
5078:
5003:
4998:
4948:
4943:
4933:
4591:
4412:
2787:
1976:
1967:
Though the Mari people have lived in the area for millennia, they did not have a designated territory before the
781:
The government of Mari El has been pursuing
Russification in recent years, with the former head of the republic,
691:
248:
5038:
4314:
3208:"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"
5382:
5334:
5304:
5176:
5113:
5093:
5063:
5008:
4983:
4958:
4851:
4475:
4437:
2833:
2822:
1960:
707:
93:
5073:
5058:
3668:"Russian Federation: Amnesty International launches annual report and second Memorandum to President Medvedev"
2738:
710:. In its present form, the Mari El Republic was formed on 22 December 1990. On 21 May 1998, Mari El alongside
3306:
635:
There are virtually no natural resources of industrial significance in the Republic. Other resources include
5098:
5053:
5048:
5043:
4988:
4973:
4422:
3434:
2841:
2826:
2650:
2595:
2452:
2436:
575:
508:
32:
3135:"Полиглот, человек из бизнеса и жесткий руководитель: что еще известно о новом главе Марий Эл Юрии Зайцеве"
2734:
5324:
5108:
5103:
5033:
4913:
4690:
4675:
4660:
4070:
3255:
2483:
1952:
699:
606:
548:
485:
198:
5400:
5299:
5211:
2702:
2694:
1987:
1972:
598:
489:
28:
778:(formerly President). As of 2017, the Head was Alexander Yevstifeyev, who was appointed in April 2017.
4735:
3079:
On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District
5271:
5236:
5191:
4725:
4700:
4680:
4670:
3650:
3038:
3002:
2654:
2599:
2517:
798:
404:
5281:
5256:
5221:
5201:
5186:
5181:
5158:
4665:
4542:
4289:
4279:
4210:
3583:
2892:
Five theaters are located in Yoshkar-Ola with performances in both the Russian and Mari languages.
2772:
1956:
834:
826:
625:
582:
516:
469:
55:
2006:(0.6%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 0.5% of the total population.
5251:
4705:
4695:
4685:
4507:
4269:
4080:
4005:
3990:
3970:
3822:
3372:
3046:
3010:
2746:
842:
408:
729:
The name of the republic is based on the ethnic self-designation of its indigenous population –
353:
3182:
2763:. The republic is connected to different regions throughout Russia by daily trains to and from
5390:
5196:
5166:
4905:
4893:
4720:
4140:
3956:
3373:"The Rise and Fall of Power-Sharing Treaties Between Center and Regions in Post-Soviet Russia"
2674:
810:
Russian Federation: The Human Rights Situation of the Mari Minority of the Republic of Mari El
680:
676:
3207:
1975:, only 58.2% of the Mari within Russia live in the Mari El Republic, while 20.1% live in the
5453:
4451:
4393:
4373:
4195:
4180:
4170:
4045:
3975:
3030:
2997:
2947:
2791:
672:
602:
540:
396:
3077:(President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000
2583:
5291:
5276:
4826:
4363:
4344:
4190:
4175:
4135:
4120:
4090:
4075:
4065:
4030:
4015:
3980:
3837:
3462:
3284:
2901:
2641:
2498:
864:
782:
775:
723:
719:
590:
477:
243:
98:
1947:
4862:
4388:
4383:
4368:
4358:
4319:
4224:
4185:
4130:
4055:
4050:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3766:Выписки ЕГРЮЛ и ЕГРИП, проверка контрагентов, ИНН и КПП организаций, реквизиты ИП и ООО
2706:
2673:
and 1% are Orthodox Christian believers without church affiliation or members of other
2634:
2285:
2003:
715:
664:
536:
524:
339:
4583:
5447:
4498:
4299:
4229:
4165:
4145:
4125:
4115:
4110:
4060:
4035:
4010:
3612:
2913:
2670:
2603:
2467:
1994:
make up 52.5% of the republic's population (up from 47.4% in 2010), while the ethnic
786:
640:
629:
544:
443:
400:
3855:
3738:
4627:
4150:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4040:
4025:
3809:. Effective as of July 7, 1995 (with the exception of several clauses).).
3506:
3419:
3277:
2907:
2795:
2627:
2619:
1983:
668:
618:
594:
552:
497:
3863:
3346:"Newsline - May 22, 1998 Yeltsin Signs More Power-Sharing Agreements with Regions"
3876:
3435:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples - Russian Federation: Mari"
3254:
Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the
3134:
128:
4816:
4760:
4632:
4160:
4155:
4085:
3965:
3096:
2811:
2623:
2588:
2102:
1995:
1942:
857:
794:
711:
586:
528:
512:
493:
481:
433:
348:
220:
3530:
4801:
4456:
4353:
4264:
3715:
2759:
2666:
2649:
According to a 2012 survey, 47.8% of the population of Mari El adheres to the
2615:
2552:
520:
329:
318:
2677:. In addition, 25% of the population is "spiritual but not religious", 6% is
1986:, more ethnic Russians and Tatars have moved into the area. According to the
166:
153:
17:
4846:
4765:
4378:
4324:
4294:
4244:
3474:
3183:"Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации"
2783:
2727:
2513:
703:
644:
613:
560:
556:
3764:
4781:
4334:
4309:
4274:
4254:
4239:
4234:
3902:
3850:
3456:
Russia Moves to Ban Religious Rites of Indigenous Finno-Ugric People Mari
2163:
1991:
362:
3830:
3330:
5430:
4755:
4489:
3345:
3099:
of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995
2723:
2678:
2548:
4836:
4446:
4219:
3101:
Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions
2764:
2224:
1999:
532:
473:
344:
186:
655:
3805:, as amended by the Law #21-Z of July 31, 2014
3555:"Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики"
4811:
2883:
2871:
2768:
2658:
2640:
2607:
2582:
1946:
765:
684:
654:
612:
There are 476 rivers in the Republic, with the Volga and its
570:
382:
2681:
and 4.2% follows other religions or did not answer the question.
702:
was established on 4 November 1920. It was re-organized into the
4488:
Considered by most of the international community to be part of
4329:
3807:
On Amendment 59 to the Constitution of the Mari El Republic
3157:
Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography
1832:
636:
4866:
4587:
3906:
3394:"Марийская республика - это... Что такое Марийская республика?"
2962:
2805:
4528:
Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions
2953:
706:
on 5 December 1936, at the same time as the enactment of the
3638:
3311:[2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1].
1827:
3739:"Russia: Marii El Begins To Look Like Belarus On The Volga"
3653:. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017.
2970:
3845:
2594:
The religions with the most adherents in the republic are
419:
3420:"Alexander Yevstifeyev appointed Acting Head of Mari El"
3103:, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
3639:"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"
523:. The majority of the republic's population are ethnic
3693:
3308:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1
2689:
The most important facilities of higher education are
1998:
make up 40.1% (down from 43.9%). Other groups include
774:
The head of government in the Mari El Republic is the
531:
minority (40.1%), and smaller minority populations of
480:
region of the country, along the northern bank of the
3267:
Constitution of the Mari El Republic, Article 15
3112:
Constitution of the Mari El Republic, Article 16
2982:
2956:
2645:
Symbol used by adherents of the Mari Native Religion.
2973:
2959:
5409:
5381:
5348:
5290:
5157:
4904:
4774:
4743:
4653:
4465:
4436:
4402:
4343:
4209:
3955:
3329:="SportTourism">Спортивный туризм в Татарстане.
2967:
2950:
632:varies from 450 to 500 mm (18 to 20 in).
581:The Republic is located in the eastern part of the
449:
439:
429:
415:
392:
381:
371:
361:
338:
327:
316:
308:
298:
290:
282:
277:
267:
259:
254:
241:
231:
226:
216:
204:
192:
182:
80:
72:
67:
46:
5464:Regions of Europe with multiple official languages
2423:Religion in Mari El as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)
3634:
3632:
3630:
3305:Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011).
519:who have traditionally lived along the Volga and
3517:Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года
3313:Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года
757:Administrative divisions of the Mari El Republic
585:of Russia, along and mostly to the north of the
3898:Lost Cosmonaut: Observations of an Anti-tourist
3433:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
3234:Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации
2888:The National Art Museum of the Mari El Republic
511:republics, was established for the indigenous
4878:
4599:
3918:
3795:
3578:
3576:
3537:Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года
3300:
3298:
3296:
3287:, mari.ru; accessed September 14, 2017.
3090:
3072:
2987:
742:
736:
730:
38:First-level administrative division of Russia
8:
3823:Old Official website of the Mari El Republic
2733:The largest companies in the region include
1818:
671:. In the 1440s it was incorporated into the
488:. The republic has a population of 696,459 (
3851:Mari El Republic nature views and sceneries
3331:По просторам Марий Эл. Справка о местности.
3120:
3118:
2840:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5459:States and territories established in 1936
4885:
4871:
4863:
4606:
4592:
4584:
4522:
3941:
3925:
3911:
3903:
3276:Official website of the Mari El Republic.
1817:
869:
352:
43:
3877:Kimberli Mäkäräinen's Meadow Mari Grammar
2860:Learn how and when to remove this message
2771:, flights on one commercial airline from
1951:The Hill Mari, who primarily live in the
659:Geographical map of the Mari El Republic.
3831:Official website of the Mari El Republic
2008:
858:Russian Federal State Statistics Service
3864:Meadow Mari-Russian-Japanese dictionary
3670:. Amnesty. May 20, 2009. Archived from
3065:
2938:
2737:(revenues of $ 502.2 million in 2017),
414:
391:
360:
337:
276:
253:
225:
215:
181:
146:
137:
117:
87:
79:
66:
61:
3856:A short Meadow Mari-English dictionary
3081:. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
770:Building of the Government of Mari El.
426:
263:23,375 km (9,025 sq mi)
5429:Recognized by most states as part of
2996:
370:
326:
315:
307:
297:
289:
281:
266:
258:
240:
230:
203:
191:
71:
7:
3803:Constitution of the Mari El Republic
2838:adding citations to reliable sources
121:State Anthem of the Mari El Republic
3398:Словари и энциклопедии на Академике
2927:Mari National Rebirth Party "Ushem"
1933:Note: Total fertility rate source.
484:, and administratively part of the
3210:. Federal State Statistics Service
2626:of the religion went on under the
25:
4506:Administratively subordinated to
4497:Administratively subordinated to
3611:. Perepis-2010.ru. Archived from
3141:(in Russian). September 14, 2022.
2610:. The traditional Mari religion (
4734:
4646:
4553:Ministry of Economic Development
3872:About nature in Mari EL republic
3846:Industry in the Mari El Republic
3588:Federal State Statistics Service
3503:Federal State Statistics Service
3317:Federal State Statistics Service
3187:Federal State Statistics Service
2946:
2810:
2743:Shelanger Chemical Plant "Siver"
601:in the southeast and south, the
139:
126:
104:
92:
3743:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3584:"Национальный состав населения"
3350:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
3278:Ethnic and Historical Reference
2691:Mari State Technical University
3651:2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps
3124:Constitution, Article 6.2
1:
3737:Fuller, Liz (April 8, 2008).
3718:. State.gov. January 20, 2009
539:. The official languages are
3422:. Kremlin.ru. April 6, 2017.
890:Crude death rate (per 1000)
887:Crude birth rate (per 1000)
875:Average population (x 1000)
527:(52.5%), with a significant
380:
2534:Spiritual but not religious
597:in the north and east, the
291: • Estimate
68:Other transcription(s)
5485:
3236:(in Russian). June 3, 2011
3050:
3042:
3014:
3006:
2876:Mari people in Yoshkar-Ola
2404:
2284:
2223:
1969:Russian Revolution of 1917
1963:Districts of the republic.
1940:
893:Natural change (per 1000)
754:
26:
5427:
5262:North Ossetia-Alania
4732:
4644:
4625:
4534:
4525:
4521:
4484:
3944:
3940:
3796:
3461:October 21, 2007, at the
3091:
3073:
3034:
2988:
2574:
2566:
2561:
2547:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2512:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2481:
2476:
2466:
2461:
2450:
2445:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2011:
1977:Republic of Bashkortostan
1926:
1845:—
743:
737:
731:
547:. Mari El is bordered by
507:Mari El, one of Russia's
147:
138:
118:
88:
62:
53:
41:Republic in Volga, Russia
4615:Administrative divisions
3765:
3557:. Gks.ru. Archived from
3536:
3531:
3516:
3507:
3312:
3307:
3283:August 28, 2013, at the
2739:Mari Pulp and Paper Mill
751:Administrative divisions
708:1936 Soviet Constitution
675:and was occupied by the
73: • Meadow Mari
3230:"Об исчислении времени"
2653:, 6–15% adheres to the
2651:Russian Orthodox Church
2520:and other native faiths
863:April 12, 2008, at the
741:, "man, husband"), and
609:in the west and north.
605:in the south, and with
576:Bolshaya Kokshaga River
420:https://mari-el.gov.ru/
4775:Urban-type settlements
3934:Subdivisions of Russia
3836:April 8, 2020, at the
3716:"Human Rights Reports"
3256:Constitution of Russia
2889:
2877:
2646:
2591:
1964:
771:
700:Mari Autonomous Oblast
660:
624:Climate is moderately
607:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
578:
549:Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
486:Volga Federal District
81: • Hill Mari
2887:
2875:
2735:Mariysky Oil Refinery
2703:U.S. State Department
2695:Mari State University
2644:
2586:
1950:
1819:Historical population
769:
658:
599:Republic of Tatarstan
574:
312:29/km (74/sq mi)
5019:Nizhny Novgorod
4315:North Ossetia–Alania
3801:(June 24, 1995
3561:on December 24, 2018
2998:[mɐˌrʲijˈɛl]
2834:improve this section
2741:($ 137.12 million),
2655:Mari native religion
2600:Mari native religion
2567:Other and undeclared
2518:Mari Native Religion
683:) after the fall of
309: • Density
27:For other uses, see
5469:Republics of Russia
5396:St. Petersburg
5227:Karachay-Cherkessia
4563:Ministry of Defence
4280:Karachay-Cherkessia
3615:on January 18, 2012
3163:on February 9, 2022
3035:Республика Марий Эл
2916:, composer, pianist
2773:Yoshkar-Ola Airport
2749:($ 14.02 million).
2745:($ 14.52 million),
2587:Orthodox church in
1971:. According to the
1927:Source: Census data
1820:
747:, "country, land".
583:East European Plain
163: /
63:Республика Марий Эл
5411:Autonomous oblasts
5217:Kabardino-Balkaria
4569:Judicial districts
4559:Military districts
4508:Arkhangelsk Oblast
4270:Kabardino-Balkaria
3674:on August 11, 2014
3043:Марий Эл Республик
2890:
2878:
2647:
2592:
1965:
843:1989 Soviet census
772:
692:Russian Revolution
661:
579:
517:Finno-Ugric nation
393:Official languages
283: • Total
260: • Total
76:Марий Эл Республик
5439:
5438:
5350:Autonomous okrugs
4894:History of Russia
4860:
4859:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4576:
4539:Federal districts
4517:
4516:
4467:Autonomous oblast
4404:Autonomous okrugs
3051:Мары Эл Республик
2870:
2869:
2862:
2675:Orthodox churches
2596:Russian Orthodoxy
2579:
2578:
2437:Russian Orthodoxy
2411:
2410:
2407:
1931:
1930:
1816:
1815:
803:The Priest Speaks
681:Ivan the Terrible
677:Tsardom of Russia
559:to the east, and
464:, officially the
459:
458:
425:
424:
299: • Rank
268: • Rank
232: • Body
167:56.700°N 47.867°E
131:
84:Мары Эл Республик
16:(Redirected from
5476:
4887:
4880:
4873:
4864:
4792:Krasnooktyabrsky
4744:Cities and towns
4738:
4650:
4638:Rural localities
4608:
4601:
4594:
4585:
4549:Economic regions
4523:
4452:Saint Petersburg
3948:Federal subjects
3942:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3896:Daniel Kalder.
3883:
3870:
3862:
3844:
3829:
3821:
3800:
3799:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3761:
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3728:
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3725:
3723:
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3684:
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3599:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3551:
3545:
3544:
3541:Demoscope Weekly
3527:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3505:(May 21, 2004).
3499:
3493:
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3490:
3488:
3479:
3471:
3465:
3453:
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3430:
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3423:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3380:Demokratizatsiya
3377:
3371:Chuman, Mizuki.
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3302:
3291:
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3259:
3252:
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3217:
3215:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3159:. Archived from
3149:
3143:
3142:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3113:
3110:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3082:
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3029:
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3000:
2995:
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2990:
2980:
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2976:
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2972:
2969:
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2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2943:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2845:
2814:
2806:
2794:are provided by
2792:cable television
2788:Internet service
2657:, 6% adheres to
2420:
2419:
2405:
2009:
1834:
1829:
1821:
896:Fertility rates
870:
851:Vital statistics
846:
838:
830:
785:, ordering many
746:
745:
740:
739:
734:
733:
673:Khanate of Kazan
603:Chuvash Republic
466:Mari El Republic
427:
356:
194:Federal district
178:
177:
175:
174:
173:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
143:
133:
132:
108:
96:
48:Mari El Republic
44:
21:
5484:
5483:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5444:
5443:
5440:
5435:
5434:
5423:
5405:
5377:
5344:
5286:
5153:
4900:
4898:federal subject
4891:
4861:
4856:
4770:
4739:
4730:
4651:
4640:
4621:
4612:
4582:
4573:
4530:
4513:
4480:
4461:
4432:
4398:
4339:
4205:
4071:Nizhny Novgorod
3951:
3936:
3931:
3893:
3891:Further reading
3881:
3868:
3860:
3842:
3838:Wayback Machine
3827:
3819:
3816:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3776:
3774:
3767:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3746:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3713:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3692:
3691:
3687:
3677:
3675:
3666:
3665:
3661:
3649:
3645:
3637:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3607:
3606:
3602:
3592:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3509:
3501:
3500:
3496:
3486:
3484:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3463:Wayback Machine
3454:
3450:
3440:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3403:
3401:
3392:
3391:
3387:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3352:. June 20, 2008
3344:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3294:
3288:
3285:Wayback Machine
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3237:
3228:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3191:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3164:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3139:www.kazan.kp.ru
3133:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3089:
3085:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3025:
3024:
3020:
2993:
2986:; Russian:
2966:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2935:
2923:
2902:Valentin Kolumb
2898:
2866:
2855:
2849:
2846:
2831:
2815:
2804:
2781:
2755:
2715:
2687:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2559:
2540:
2525:
2505:
2490:
2474:
2459:
2443:
2416:
2013:
1945:
1939:
884:Natural change
865:Wayback Machine
853:
841:749,386 (
840:
833:727,979 (
832:
825:696,459 (
824:
818:
799:native religion
783:Leonid Markelov
764:
759:
753:
735:, "Mari" (from
724:Voronezh Oblast
653:
591:Mari Depression
569:
476:. It is in the
206:Economic region
171:
169:
165:
162:
157:
154:
152:
150:
149:
134:
127:
124:
114:
113:
112:
111:
102:
101:
58:
49:
42:
39:
36:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5482:
5480:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5446:
5445:
5437:
5436:
5428:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5415:
5413:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5383:Federal cities
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5354:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5296:
5294:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
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5244:
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5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5163:
5161:
5155:
5154:
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5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
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5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
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5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4921:
4916:
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4882:
4875:
4867:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
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4829:
4824:
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4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4747:
4745:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4645:
4642:
4641:
4626:
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4613:
4611:
4610:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4579:
4578:
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4566:
4556:
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4503:
4502:
4494:
4493:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4472:
4470:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4438:Federal cities
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4407:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4391:
4386:
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4376:
4371:
4366:
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4356:
4350:
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4307:
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4073:
4068:
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4053:
4048:
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4008:
4003:
3998:
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3968:
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3932:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3892:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3885:Map of Mari El
3879:
3874:
3866:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3825:
3815:
3814:External links
3812:
3811:
3810:
3791:
3788:
3785:
3784:
3756:
3729:
3707:
3685:
3659:
3643:
3641:. Sreda, 2012.
3626:
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3572:
3546:
3522:
3494:
3466:
3448:
3425:
3411:
3385:
3363:
3337:
3322:
3315:(in Russian).
3292:
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2918:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2897:
2896:Notable people
2894:
2868:
2867:
2850:September 2017
2818:
2816:
2809:
2803:
2800:
2780:
2777:
2754:
2753:Transportation
2751:
2714:
2711:
2709:, and others.
2707:European Union
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2018:
2015:
1953:Gornomariyskiy
1941:Main article:
1938:
1935:
1929:
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1621:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1002:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
976:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
950:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
931:
928:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
868:
867:
852:
849:
817:
814:
763:
760:
755:Main article:
752:
749:
665:Volga Bulgaria
652:
649:
641:mineral waters
568:
565:
563:to the south.
555:to the north,
457:
456:
451:
447:
446:
441:
437:
436:
431:
423:
422:
417:
413:
412:
394:
390:
389:
386:
379:
378:
375:
373:License plates
369:
368:
365:
359:
358:
342:
336:
335:
332:
325:
324:
321:
314:
313:
310:
306:
305:
300:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
284:
280:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
246:
239:
238:
236:State Assembly
233:
229:
228:
224:
223:
218:
214:
213:
208:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
172:56.700; 47.867
145:
144:
136:
135:
125:
116:
115:
109:
103:
97:
91:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
70:
69:
65:
64:
60:
59:
54:
51:
50:
47:
40:
37:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5481:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5442:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5373:Yamalo-Nenets
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5355:
5353:
5351:
5347:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5177:Bashkortostan
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4888:
4883:
4881:
4876:
4874:
4869:
4868:
4865:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4751:Kozmodemyansk
4749:
4748:
4746:
4742:
4737:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Novotoryalsky
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:Mari-Tureksky
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4661:Gornomariysky
4659:
4658:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4499:Tyumen Oblast
4496:
4495:
4491:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4428:Yamalo-Nenets
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4401:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4230:Bashkortostan
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3832:
3826:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3772:
3768:
3760:
3757:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3717:
3711:
3708:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3673:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3627:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3601:
3589:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3534:
3526:
3523:
3519:(in Russian).
3510:
3504:
3498:
3495:
3487:September 17,
3483:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3436:
3429:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3399:
3395:
3389:
3386:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3364:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3251:
3248:
3235:
3231:
3225:
3222:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3188:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3148:
3145:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3087:
3084:
3080:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3048:
3040:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3019:
3012:
3004:
2999:
2985:
2984:
2978:
2942:
2939:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2924:
2920:
2915:
2914:Andrei Eshpai
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2895:
2893:
2886:
2882:
2874:
2864:
2861:
2853:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2819:This section
2817:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2779:Communication
2778:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2720:Kozmodemyansk
2712:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2671:Old Believers
2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2604:Old Believers
2601:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2522:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2468:Old Believers
2465:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2421:
2413:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1937:Ethnic groups
1936:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1003:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
978:
977:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
951:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
929:
926:
925:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
872:
871:
866:
862:
859:
855:
854:
850:
848:
844:
836:
828:
822:
815:
813:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
791:
788:
787:Mari language
784:
779:
777:
768:
761:
758:
750:
748:
727:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
679:(governed by
678:
674:
670:
666:
657:
650:
648:
646:
642:
638:
633:
631:
630:precipitation
627:
622:
620:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:. The swampy
588:
584:
577:
573:
566:
564:
562:
558:
554:
551:to the west,
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
455:
452:
448:
445:
442:
438:
435:
432:
428:
421:
418:
410:
406:
402:
398:
395:
387:
384:
376:
374:
366:
364:
363:ISO 3166 code
355:
350:
346:
343:
341:
333:
331:
328: •
322:
320:
317: •
311:
304:
301:
293:
285:
273:
270:
262:
250:
247:
245:
242: •
237:
234:
222:
219:
212:
209:
207:
200:
197:
195:
188:
185:
176:
148:Coordinates:
142:
122:
107:
100:
95:
83:
75:
57:
52:
45:
34:
30:
19:
18:Mari Republic
5441:
5363:Khanty-Mansi
5252:Mari El
4787:Krasnogorsky
4631:
4618:
4527:
4418:Khanty-Mansi
4304:
3946:
3897:
3882:(in Russian)
3869:(in Russian)
3861:(in Russian)
3843:(in Russian)
3828:(in Russian)
3820:(in Russian)
3806:
3802:
3775:. Retrieved
3773:(in Russian)
3770:
3759:
3747:. Retrieved
3742:
3732:
3720:. Retrieved
3710:
3698:. Retrieved
3688:
3676:. Retrieved
3672:the original
3662:
3646:
3617:. Retrieved
3613:the original
3603:
3593:December 30,
3591:. Retrieved
3563:. Retrieved
3559:the original
3549:
3540:
3525:
3497:
3485:. Retrieved
3481:
3469:
3451:
3439:. Retrieved
3428:
3414:
3404:December 19,
3402:. Retrieved
3400:(in Russian)
3397:
3388:
3379:
3366:
3354:. Retrieved
3349:
3340:
3334:(in Russian)
3325:
3289:(in Russian)
3272:
3263:
3250:
3238:. Retrieved
3233:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3202:
3192:September 1,
3190:. Retrieved
3177:
3165:. Retrieved
3161:the original
3147:
3138:
3129:
3108:
3100:
3086:
3078:
3068:
3021:
2941:
2908:Shabdar Osyp
2891:
2879:
2856:
2847:
2832:Please help
2820:
2796:VolgaTelecom
2782:
2758:
2756:
2732:
2716:
2699:
2688:
2663:unaffiliated
2648:
2632:
2628:Soviet Union
2620:Christianity
2612:Chimari yula
2611:
2593:
2041:2021 Census
2038:2010 Census
2035:2002 Census
2032:1989 Census
2029:1979 Census
2026:1970 Census
2023:1959 Census
2020:1939 Census
2017:1926 Census
1984:World War II
1981:
1966:
1932:
878:Live births
820:
819:
816:Demographics
809:
807:
802:
792:
780:
773:
728:
698:regime, the
694:, under the
689:
669:Golden Horde
662:
634:
623:
619:Lake Yalchik
611:
595:Kirov Oblast
580:
553:Kirov Oblast
506:
500:and largest
465:
461:
460:
453:
249:Yury Zaitsev
211:Volga-Vyatka
110:Coat of arms
5340:Zabaykalsky
5320:Krasnoyarsk
5029:Novosibirsk
4954:Kaliningrad
4939:Chelyabinsk
4919:Arkhangelsk
4832:Privolzhsky
4817:Novy Toryal
4761:Yoshkar-Ola
4726:Zvenigovsky
4701:Paranginsky
4681:Medvedevsky
4671:Kuzhenersky
4633:Yoshkar-Ola
4394:Zabaykalsky
4374:Krasnoyarsk
4081:Novosibirsk
4006:Kaliningrad
3991:Chelyabinsk
3971:Arkhangelsk
3777:October 20,
3745:. Rferl.org
3437:. Unhcr.org
3240:January 19,
3214:January 23,
3097:Gosstandart
3039:Meadow Mari
3003:Meadow Mari
2760:marshrutkas
2747:Marbiopharm
2624:persecution
2589:Yoshkar-Ola
1988:2021 Census
1973:2021 Census
1943:Mari people
835:2002 Census
827:2010 Census
795:Mari people
626:continental
614:tributaries
587:Volga River
521:Kama Rivers
513:Mari people
494:Yoshkar-Ola
490:2010 Census
482:Volga River
399:;
221:Yoshkar-Ola
170: /
5448:Categories
5401:Sevastopol
5310:Khabarovsk
5212:Ingushetia
5149:Zaporozhye
5089:Sverdlovsk
4802:Mari-Turek
4666:Kilemarsky
4457:Sevastopol
4364:Khabarovsk
4265:Ingushetia
4201:Zaporozhye
4141:Sverdlovsk
3696:. marsu.ru
3694:"marsu.ru"
3609:"ВПН-2010"
3167:August 29,
3060:References
2667:Christians
2616:syncretism
2553:irreligion
2484:Christians
1957:Kilemarsky
821:Population
690:After the
278:Population
227:Government
5335:Stavropol
5330:Primorsky
5315:Krasnodar
5305:Kamchatka
5272:Tatarstan
5237:Khakassia
5192:Chuvashia
5159:Republics
5144:Yaroslavl
5129:Volgograd
5119:Ulyanovsk
4994:Leningrad
4924:Astrakhan
4847:Suslonger
4807:Medvedevo
4766:Zvenigovo
4706:Sernursky
4696:Orshansky
4686:Morkinsky
4654:Districts
4543:President
4389:Stavropol
4384:Primorsky
4369:Krasnodar
4359:Kamchatka
4325:Tatarstan
4295:Khakassia
4245:Chuvashia
4211:Republics
4196:Yaroslavl
4181:Volgograd
4171:Ulyanovsk
4046:Leningrad
3976:Astrakhan
3047:Hill Mari
3027:‹See Tfd›
3011:Hill Mari
2983:mar-EE EL
2821:does not
2784:Telephony
2728:Zvenigovo
2685:Education
2669:, 1% are
2661:, 4% are
2514:Rodnovery
704:Mari ASSR
696:Bolshevik
687:in 1552.
645:limestone
567:Geography
561:Chuvashia
557:Tatarstan
411:variants)
340:Time zone
119:Anthem: "
5358:Chukotka
5282:Udmurtia
5257:Mordovia
5222:Kalmykia
5202:Dagestan
5187:Chechnya
5182:Buryatia
5139:Voronezh
5124:Vladimir
5084:Smolensk
5069:Sakhalin
5039:Orenburg
5024:Novgorod
5014:Murmansk
4979:Kostroma
4964:Kemerovo
4929:Belgorod
4842:Sovetsky
4822:Orshanka
4797:Kuzhener
4782:Kilemary
4721:Yurinsky
4716:Volzhsky
4711:Sovetsky
4413:Chukotka
4335:Udmurtia
4310:Mordovia
4275:Kalmykia
4255:Dagestan
4240:Chechnya
4235:Buryatia
4191:Voronezh
4176:Vladimir
4136:Smolensk
4121:Sakhalin
4091:Orenburg
4076:Novgorod
4066:Murmansk
4031:Kostroma
4016:Kemerovo
3981:Belgorod
3834:Archived
3749:July 28,
3722:July 28,
3700:July 28,
3678:July 28,
3655:Archived
3619:July 28,
3565:July 28,
3459:Archived
3441:July 28,
3281:Archived
3007:Марий Эл
2989:Марий Эл
2921:See also
2910:, author
2665:generic
2638:groups.
2453:Orthodox
2414:Religion
2216:322,932
2210:313,947
2204:345,513
2198:355,973
2192:334,561
2186:320,825
2180:309,514
2174:266,951
2168:210,016
2164:Russians
2155:246,560
2149:290,863
2143:312,178
2137:324,349
2131:306,627
2125:299,179
2119:279,450
2113:273,332
2107:247,979
2002:(4.8%),
1992:Russians
1597:- 1,715
1568:- 1,539
1539:- 2,079
1510:- 2,439
1481:- 3,736
1452:- 4,781
1423:- 4,383
1394:- 4,346
1365:- 4,805
1336:- 4,602
1307:- 4,256
1278:- 4,077
1249:- 2,966
1220:- 2,843
1191:- 2,543
1162:- 2,662
1133:- 2,937
1104:- 1,603
861:Archived
856:Source:
762:Politics
720:Kostroma
667:and the
525:Russians
478:European
470:republic
440:Language
388:88000000
56:Republic
5454:Mari El
5431:Ukraine
5247:Luhansk
5232:Karelia
5207:Donetsk
5134:Vologda
5079:Saratov
5004:Magadan
4999:Lipetsk
4969:Kherson
4949:Ivanovo
4944:Irkutsk
4934:Bryansk
4906:Oblasts
4827:Paranga
4756:Volzhsk
4628:Capital
4619:Mari El
4490:Ukraine
4305:Mari El
4290:Karelia
4285:Luhansk
4260:Donetsk
4186:Vologda
4131:Saratov
4056:Magadan
4051:Lipetsk
4021:Kherson
4001:Ivanovo
3996:Irkutsk
3986:Bryansk
3957:Oblasts
3790:Sources
3031:Russian
3015:Мары Эл
2842:removed
2827:sources
2802:Culture
2724:Volzhsk
2713:Economy
2679:atheist
2571:
2558:
2549:Atheism
2539:
2524:
2504:
2489:
2473:
2458:
2442:
2397:12,494
2391:13,138
2385:19,943
2379:16,167
2373:14,015
2367:15,433
2361:10,830
2346:Others
2286:Chuvash
2277:29,317
2271:38,357
2265:43,377
2259:43,850
2253:40,917
2247:40,279
2241:38,821
2235:27,149
2229:20,219
2094:Number
2088:Number
2082:Number
2076:Number
2070:Number
2064:Number
2058:Number
2052:Number
2046:Number
2004:Chuvash
1919:677,097
1908:696,459
1897:727,979
1886:749,386
1875:702,744
1864:684,748
1853:647,680
1842:398,014
1707:10,081
1678:10,088
1594:10,572
1565:10,435
1536:10,699
1507:10,745
1478:11,286
1449:12,256
1420:12,098
1391:11,861
1362:12,105
1333:11,434
1304:11,040
1275:10,674
1130:10,788
1040:10,578
1011:11,953
985:14,198
959:13,169
933:11,816
907:10,505
881:Deaths
716:Ivanovo
651:History
541:Russian
537:Chuvash
498:capital
496:is the
468:, is a
462:Mari El
454:Mari El
450:Country
416:Website
397:Russian
294:682,333
286:672,093
217:Capital
183:Country
158:47°52′E
155:56°42′N
5419:Jewish
5391:Moscow
5368:Nenets
5197:Crimea
5167:Adygea
5114:Tyumen
5094:Tambov
5074:Samara
5064:Ryazan
5059:Rostov
5009:Moscow
4984:Kurgan
4959:Kaluga
4852:Yurino
4837:Sernur
4476:Jewish
4447:Moscow
4423:Nenets
4250:Crimea
4220:Adygea
4166:Tyumen
4146:Tambov
4126:Samara
4116:Ryazan
4111:Rostov
4061:Moscow
4036:Kurgan
4011:Kaluga
3482:Mhg.ru
3382:: 146.
3356:May 2,
2904:, poet
2790:, and
2765:Moscow
2726:, and
2705:, the
2635:groves
2606:, and
2602:, the
2598:, the
2482:Other
2451:Other
2355:6,674
2349:1,703
2338:3,656
2332:6,025
2326:7,418
2320:8,993
2314:8,087
2308:9,032
2302:9,065
2296:5,504
2290:2,184
2225:Tatars
2219:52.5%
2213:47.4%
2207:47.5%
2201:47.5%
2195:47.5%
2189:46.9%
2183:47.8%
2177:46.1%
2171:43.6%
2158:40.1%
2152:43.9%
2146:42.9%
2140:43.3%
2134:43.5%
2128:43.7%
2122:43.1%
2116:47.2%
2110:51.4%
2014:group
2012:Ethnic
2000:Tatars
1982:Since
1961:Yurino
1959:&
1856:+62.7%
1797:8,493
1794:8,147
1768:9,025
1765:9,567
1739:9,448
1736:9,951
1710:9,411
1681:9,444
1652:9,449
1649:9,834
1635:- 1.1
1626:- 750
1623:9,816
1620:9,066
1606:- 2.5
1591:8,857
1577:- 2.2
1562:8,896
1548:- 3.0
1533:8,620
1519:- 3.5
1504:8,306
1490:- 5.3
1475:7,550
1461:- 6.7
1446:7,475
1432:- 6.1
1417:7,715
1403:- 6.0
1388:7,515
1374:- 6.6
1359:7,300
1345:- 6.3
1330:6,832
1316:- 5.7
1301:6,784
1287:- 5.5
1272:6,597
1258:- 4.0
1246:9,623
1243:6,657
1229:- 3.8
1217:9,625
1214:6,782
1200:- 3.4
1188:9,495
1185:6,952
1171:- 3.5
1159:9,999
1156:7,337
1142:- 3.9
1127:7,851
1113:- 2.1
1101:9,622
1098:8,019
1072:8,330
1069:9,227
1046:2,792
1043:7,786
1017:4,178
1014:7,775
991:5,669
988:8,529
965:5,078
962:8,091
939:4,626
936:7,190
913:4,141
910:6,364
722:, and
643:, and
533:Tatars
509:ethnic
474:Russia
430:People
405:Meadow
351:
187:Russia
33:Mariel
5300:Altai
5292:Krais
5267:Sakha
5172:Altai
5099:Tomsk
5054:Pskov
5049:Penza
5044:Oryol
4989:Kursk
4974:Kirov
4812:Morki
4354:Altai
4345:Krais
4320:Sakha
4225:Altai
4151:Tomsk
4106:Pskov
4101:Penza
4096:Oryol
4041:Kursk
4026:Kirov
3513:(XLS)
3478:(PDF)
3376:(PDF)
2933:Notes
2769:Kazan
2659:Islam
2618:with
2608:Islam
2543:24.8%
2499:Islam
2446:47.8%
2400:2.0%
2394:2.0%
2388:2.7%
2382:2.2%
2376:2.0%
2370:2.3%
2364:1.7%
2358:1.2%
2352:0.4%
2341:0.6%
2335:0.9%
2329:1.0%
2323:1.2%
2317:1.1%
2311:1.3%
2305:1.4%
2299:0.9%
2293:0.5%
2280:4.8%
2274:5.8%
2268:6.0%
2262:5.9%
2256:5.8%
2250:5.9%
2244:6.0%
2238:4.7%
2232:4.2%
1922:−2.8%
1911:−4.3%
1900:−2.9%
1889:+6.6%
1878:+2.6%
1867:+5.7%
1812:1,75
1809:-0.5
1806:12.4
1803:11.9
1800:-346
1788:2017
1783:1,98
1777:13.2
1774:13.9
1759:2016
1754:1,99
1748:13.7
1745:14.5
1730:2015
1725:1,98
1719:13.7
1716:14.7
1701:2014
1696:1,93
1690:13.7
1687:14.6
1672:2013
1667:1,83
1661:13.7
1658:14.2
1643:2012
1638:1,66
1632:14.1
1629:13.0
1614:2011
1609:1,59
1603:15.2
1600:12.7
1585:2010
1580:1,60
1574:14.9
1571:12.7
1556:2009
1551:1,50
1545:15.3
1542:12.3
1527:2008
1522:1,45
1516:15.3
1513:11.8
1498:2007
1493:1,32
1487:15.9
1484:10.7
1469:2006
1464:1,34
1458:17.2
1455:10.5
1440:2005
1435:1,40
1429:16.9
1426:10.7
1411:2004
1406:1,40
1400:16.4
1397:10.4
1382:2003
1377:1,38
1371:16.6
1368:10.0
1353:2002
1348:1,30
1342:15.5
1324:2001
1319:1,30
1313:14.9
1295:2000
1290:1,28
1284:14.3
1266:1999
1261:1,29
1255:12.8
1237:1998
1232:1,32
1226:12.8
1208:1997
1203:1,35
1197:12.6
1179:1996
1174:1,43
1168:13.2
1150:1995
1145:1,53
1139:14.2
1136:10.4
1121:1994
1116:1,56
1110:12.7
1107:10.6
1092:1993
1087:1,76
1081:11.0
1078:12.2
1063:1992
1058:1,97
1052:10.3
1049:14.0
1034:1991
1029:2,16
1023:10.3
1020:15.8
1005:1990
997:11.7
994:19.5
979:1985
971:11.4
968:18.5
953:1980
945:10.3
942:17.0
927:1975
916:15.3
901:1970
732:Марий
685:Kazan
444:Marij
383:OKTMO
367:RU-ME
345:UTC+3
334:31.6%
330:Rural
323:68.4%
319:Urban
199:Volga
5325:Perm
5277:Tuva
5242:Komi
5109:Tver
5104:Tula
5034:Omsk
4914:Amur
4561:(by
4551:(by
4541:(by
4379:Perm
4330:Tuva
4300:Komi
4213:(24)
4161:Tver
4156:Tula
4086:Omsk
3966:Amur
3959:(48)
3779:2018
3771:СБИС
3751:2014
3724:2014
3702:2014
3680:2014
3621:2014
3595:2022
3567:2014
3489:2017
3443:2014
3406:2021
3358:2019
3242:2019
3216:2019
3194:2022
3169:2023
2994:IPA:
2825:any
2823:cite
2767:and
2693:and
2562:5.8%
2551:and
2528:5.6%
2493:4.8%
2462:1.2%
2103:Mari
1996:Mari
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