340:, she declared that "feminism is a question of humanity and civilization, because it concerns the elevation of half of humankind to the highest degree of moral culture". At the time in Romania, women were subject to the 1865 Civil Code, which rendered them legally as dependent children subject to the authority of their father or husband, and if those guardians died, to their brothers or sons. She argued that women's financial independence was crucial and that marriage should be abolished to eliminate their dependence on men. She advocated that women become free in all of their activities, including exercising
391:) in 1908. The journal focused on publishing sociological studies of women, and the purpose of the organization initially was to provide technical training for girls to become skilled in home-based industries. They soon branched into wider societal reforms to enable women to participate in all aspects of society. In 1914, the union submitted a list of demands to the constitutional reform assembly, insisting that educated women should have the right to vote and participate in political life.
324:
210:
over their own bodies and sexuality. She co-founded two women's associations, wrote for their press organs, and served as an organizational chair. She published over a hundred articles about women's rights in popular newspapers and journals and continued to be remembered as one of
Romania's prominent
191:. From 1898, she and her husband both taught in Iași for the remainder of their careers. In addition to teaching, they jointly published primary school textbooks while she contributed to newspapers and journals, writing articles in support of education for girls and the need to teach about
278:, who became a noted surgeon and educator. She was hired as a permanent teacher for the Boys' School Number 2 in Piatra Neamț in 1896. From 1898, she and her husband were both transferred to Iași Boys' School Number 5, where they remained throughout their teaching careers.
287:(Carol Göbl Institute of Graphic Arts) wrote a series of primary school textbooks. These were among the first textbooks for schoolchildren published in the country. She wrote numerous articles about education for girls and the need to teach about
740:
states that
Lambrino (married name Buțureanu) taught at the school between 1884 and 1886, as do Marcu and Ilinca. She would have been twelve years old, not yet married, and did not graduate until two years later with her teaching
587:. Her social study of feminism was posthumously revised by Eleonora Stratilescu, with assistance from Constantin based upon notes for revisions made by his wife, and republished as a second edition in 1921. According to historian
182:
activist, who wrote some of the first primary school textbooks and one of the first feminist histories in
Romania. After graduating with teaching credentials, she worked in rural schools until 1894, when she returned to
335:
While studying pedagogy in
Switzerland, Buțureanu was introduced to feminism. She attended conferences and meetings with her husband, who also supported women's rights. A militant, who adopted an ideology of total
1490:
1329:
545:(Association for the Civil and Political Emancipation of Romanian Women), Buțureanu served as chair from 1917 until her death. She also served as the editor of the association's publication
504:), one of the first books to chronicle women's history in Romania. It provided a history of the international feminist movement and biographies of Romanian women such as
1424:
52:
1695:
1836:
1826:
706:
1476:
1776:
202:, Switzerland. They continued to study abroad during the summers of 1910, 1911, and 1912. Buțureanu became a militant feminist, pressing for women's complete
1786:
1781:
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1831:
1821:
1791:
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in 1923 grouped women, minors, persons who were mentally challenged, and delinquents among those who were legally unable to act on their own behalf.
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1649:
1389:
1318:
1280:
1207:
376:
1741:
1291:
1731:
1486:
1761:
1751:
1481:
461:). She published over 120 works pressing for higher educational standards and supporting women's rights. Three of these were novels,
1816:
1811:
1806:
1444:
295:
of children's education. The couple took a leave of absence between 1908 and 1909 to attend pedagogy courses in
Switzerland at the
1196:
Teoria și practica administrării publice: materiale ale conferinței științifico-practice cu participare internațională 23 mai 2014
1746:
1616:
1218:
1801:
1796:
1687:
1667:
737:
1400:
371:
1671:
1565:
1296:(in Romanian). Vol. 3. Iași, Romania: Comitetul de cultură și educație socialistă al județului Iași. p. 62-64.
1412:
1200:
Theory and
Practice of Public Administration: Scientific-Practical Materials of the International Conference 23 May 2014
206:, including the ability for women to be financially independent, have full civil and political rights, as well as full
1771:
1766:
1756:
344:
over their own bodies and sexuality. She also argued in favor of changing laws to give women full civil and political
249:
taught, until 1886. She then took courses at the
Central Pedagogical Institute for Girls in Iași, graduating in 1888.
198:
In 1908, the couple went abroad to further their education and both became involved in the feminist meetings held in
1371:
588:
1507:
1574:] (in Romanian). Vol. 1: A-C. Bucharest, Romania: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. p. 521.
751:
363:
296:
271:
188:
130:
1633:
1268:
Liberalism, Constitutional
Nationalism, and Minorities: The Making of Romanian Citizenship, c. 1750–1918
367:
275:
156:
357:
1726:
1721:
591:, it is significant for its sociological contribution on women. Scholars such as Lavinia Ionoaia and
584:
300:
85:
595:, among others, consider Buțureanu to be one of the most important feminists in Romania during the
513:
352:
270:
and in 1894 at the Iași Boys' School Number 5. That year, she married a fellow writer and teacher,
1455:(49). Cluj, Romania: Asociațiunii pentru Literatura română și Cultura Poporului Român: 1436–1439.
1221:[The Feminist Movement and the Enforcement of Women's Literature in the Inter-War Period]
220:
48:
1638:
Women and Gender in
Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography
700:
341:
246:
207:
74:
1194:
Ilie, Magdalena-Ioana (2014). "Evoluția
Feminismului Liberal Românesc ". In Manea, Mihai (ed.).
521:
906:
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1645:
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1246:
1238:
1203:
292:
263:
179:
426:
1551:] (in Romanian). Bucarest, Romania: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl. p. 391.
1514:(in Romanian) (124). Giurcani, Romania: Asociația Culturală "Academia Rurală Elanul": 9–11.
1272:
568:
560:
536:
532:
303:. They also went abroad each summer between 1910 and 1912, studying new teaching methods in
228:
1202:] (in Romanian). Chișinău, Moldova: Academia de Administrare Publică. pp. 51–53.
887:
885:
883:
596:
1632:
Zirin, Mary; Livezeanu, Irina; Worobec, Christine D.; Farris, June Pachuta, eds. (2007).
1382:
Gender Studies: From the History of Romanian Feminism – An Anthology of Texts (1838–1929)
267:
1353:
315:. Upon her return to Romania, she was appointed in 1913 to serve as a school inspector.
1330:"(In)visible European Connecting Channels: Mapping Nineteenth Century Women's Writings"
564:
505:
345:
224:
1588:
291:. Her last book with her husband, published posthumously, introduced the ideas of the
1715:
572:
556:
842:
840:
838:
1641:
337:
203:
1403:[History of National Council of Romanian Women and the Feminist Movement]
1309:
Marcu, George; Ilinca, Rodica (2012). "Buţureanu, Maria". In Marcu, George (ed.).
1377:
Studii de Gen: Din istoria feminismului românesc – antologie de texte (1838–1929)
509:
1659:
667:
Guide to Reading Books for the Second, Third and Fourth Grade of Primary School
643:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl.
630:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl.
617:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania: Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl.
1479:['Alexandrina Cantacuzino and the Emancipation of Women in Romania'].
1250:
1219:"Mișcarea feministă și impunerea literaturii femeilor în perioada interbelică"
910:
682:] (in Romanian). Iași, Romania: Institutul de arte grafice N. V. Stefăniu.
592:
517:
168:
1612:
1604:
1579:
1519:
1460:
1420:
1401:"Din istoria Consiliului Național al Femeilor Române și a mișcării feministe"
1345:
1301:
1242:
1122:
1120:
526:
281:
In 1900, Buțureanu, along with her husband and Valeriu Hulubei, a teacher at
1556:
891:
175:
1290:
Maftei, Ionel (1978). "Buțureanu, Constantin V. and Buțureanu, Maria C.".
727:
Marcu and Ilinca gives the year as 1870, but most other sources show 1872.
308:
288:
232:
199:
192:
323:
1640:. Vol. I: Southeastern and East Central Europe. Armonk, New York:
431:
236:
184:
89:
70:
624:
Carte de citire: pentru școlarii din divizia II rurală, anul al II-lea
262:
Lambrino was hired as a substitute teacher at the Girls' Institute in
628:
Reader: For Second Year Schoolchildren from the Second Rural Division
312:
304:
1375:
394:
Buțureanu collaborated with many journals and newspapers, including
663:
Povățuitorul cărților de citire pentru clasa II, III şi IV primară
322:
583:
Buțureanu died in Iași on 4 December 1919, and was buried in the
1340:(1). New York, New York: Addleton Academic Publishers: 141–151.
635:
Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V.; Hulubei, Valeriu (1900).
622:
Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V.; Hulubei, Valeriu (1900).
609:
Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V.; Hulubei, Valeriu (1900).
1564:Ștrempel, Gabriel, ed. (1984). "Buţureanu, Maria C. (1872–?)".
1477:"'Alexandrina Cantacuzino şi emanciparea femeilor din România;"
542:
Asociația pentru Emanciparea Civilă și Politică a Femeii Române
381:(Union of Romanian Educators Association) and its press organ,
806:
804:
555:) in Iași. Other prominent feminists in the association were
1599:(5). Bucharest, Romania: Romanian Society of Surgery: 453–.
1080:
1078:
1002:
1000:
1153:
1126:
825:
823:
821:
819:
611:
Carte de citire: pentru școlarii de clasa II primară urbană
266:. In 1893, she substituted at the Boys' School Number 2 in
972:
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791:
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1539:
Serviciul statelor personale și al statisticei (1908).
1137:
1135:
1095:
1093:
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938:
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923:
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919:
693:
The New Education System for Children up to 7 Years Old
1041:
1039:
870:
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858:
615:
Reader: For Second Grade Urban Primary School Students
1384:] (in Romanian). Iași, Romania: Editura Polirom.
987:
985:
957:
955:
1313:. Bucharest, Romania: Editura Meronia. p. 70.
911:
Serviciul statelor personale și al statisticei 1908
689:
Noul sistem de educație pentru copiii până la 7 ani
152:
124:
111:
103:
95:
81:
59:
30:
23:
1311:Enciclopedia personalităților feminine din România
846:
641:Reader: For Years 1–2 for the Third Rural Division
637:Carte de citire: pentru div. III rurală, an. I-II
810:
650:Carte de citire: pentru cl. II, III, IV primară
219:Maria C. Lambrino was born on 31 March 1872 in
1690:[Maria Buţureanu, Institute Teacher].
687:Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V. (1920).
661:Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V. (n.d.).
648:Buțureanu, Maria C.; Buțureanu, C. V. (n.d.).
546:
540:
495:
491:, n.d.), and each contained feminist themes.
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472:
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452:
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415:
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240:
1694:(in Romanian). Iași, Romania. 31 March 2017.
654:Reader: For 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Primary Classes
16:Romanian educator and women's rights activist
8:
1567:Bibliografia Românească Modernă (1831–1918)
829:
274:. The following year the couple had a son,
1111:
1084:
1069:
1057:
705:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
20:
1587:Târcoveanu, Eugen; Strat, Victor (2006).
1411:(in Romanian) (1–2). Bucharest, Romania:
174:; 31 March 1872 – 4 December 1919) was a
1572:Modern Romanian Bibliography (1831–1918)
976:
795:
695:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania.
669:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania.
656:] (in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania.
1165:
1045:
1030:
892:Colegiul Național "Mihai Eminescu" 2020
771:
720:
1447:[Solving the Female Problem].
1177:
1141:
946:
929:
874:
698:
1837:19th-century Romanian women educators
1827:20th-century Romanian women educators
1674:from the original on 30 December 2021
1334:Journal of Research in Gender Studies
1099:
372:Asociația Unirea Educatoarelor Române
284:Institutul de Arte Grafice Carol Göbl
7:
1018:
1006:
991:
961:
1787:20th-century Romanian women writers
1782:19th-century Romanian women writers
1487:Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company
1485:(in Romanian). Bucharest, Romania:
1430:from the original on 14 August 2022
1217:Ionoaia, Lavinia (September 2013).
327:Cover of Maria C. Buțureanu's book
1698:from the original on 11 April 2023
1668:Colegiul Național "Mihai Eminescu"
1619:from the original on 10 April 2023
1526:from the original on 10 April 2023
1493:from the original on 12 April 2023
1443:Popa, Septimiu (5 December 1926).
738:Colegiul Național "Mihai Eminescu"
14:
1777:Romanian women's rights activists
1445:"Soluţionarea problemei femenine"
1589:"Vladimir Buțureanu (1895–1979)"
1475:Popescu, George (9 March 2021).
1328:Mihaila, Ramona (January 2012).
1235:"Vasile Goldiş" University Press
231:region. She studied literature,
1832:19th-century Romanian educators
1822:20th-century Romanian educators
1792:Burials at Eternitatea cemetery
1688:"Maria Buțureanu, institutoare"
1662:[Our Former Teachers].
389:Romanian Women's Union Magazine
142:
1666:(in Romanian). Iași, Romania:
384:Revista unirea femeilor române
1:
1737:University of Lausanne alumni
1265:Iordachi, Constantin (2019).
494:In 1913, Buțureanu published
245:(Oltea Doamna Lyceum), where
99:educator, sociologist, writer
1413:National Archives of Romania
1227:Studii de știință și cultură
674:Buțureanu, Maria C. (1913).
1742:University of Geneva alumni
811:Târcoveanu & Strat 2006
1853:
1541:"1037. Butureanu Maria C."
575:, and Tereza Stratilescu.
1762:Romanian magazine editors
1752:Romanian textbook writers
1660:"Foștii noștri profesori"
1482:Radio România Actualități
541:
539:. One of the founders of
283:
241:
1817:Romanian women educators
1812:Romanian women activists
1807:Romanian women novelists
1506:Rusu, Olga (June 2012).
215:Early life and education
1747:Romanian schoolteachers
1732:People from Iași County
1366:(subscription required)
1271:. Leiden, Netherlands:
830:Marcu & Ilinca 2012
736:The school website for
53:Principality of Romania
1802:Women magazine editors
1797:Women textbook writers
1399:Negru, Monica (2015).
547:
496:
483:
473:
463:
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416:
406:
396:
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332:
297:University of Lausanne
211:feminists of her era.
1549:The Official Yearbook
1009:, pp. 1436–1437.
752:Romanian constitution
676:Femeia: Studiu social
548:Buletinul Trimestrial
497:Femeia: Studiu social
412:New Romanian Magazine
329:Femeia: Studiu Social
326:
242:Liceul 'Oltea Doamna'
1644:. pp. 239–338.
1372:Mihăilescu, Ştefania
1293:Personalități ieșene
1233:(3). Arad, Romania:
449:Romanian Renaissance
370:, Buțureanu founded
319:Activism (1908–1919)
301:University of Geneva
272:Constantin Buțureanu
258:Teaching (1884–1919)
189:Constantin Buțureanu
131:Constantin Buțureanu
680:Woman: Social Study
589:Ștefania Mihăilescu
514:Matilda Cugler-Poni
502:Woman: Social Study
407:Noua Revistă Română
235:, and sociology in
1772:Pacifist feminists
1767:Romanian feminists
1757:Romanian novelists
1692:Ziarul Evenimentul
1508:"Cornelia Emilian"
848:Ziarul Evenimentul
553:Quarterly Bulletin
368:Tereza Stratilescu
333:
247:Ana Conta-Kernbach
165:Maria C. Buțureanu
157:Vladimir Buțureanu
75:Kingdom of Romania
25:Maria C. Buțureanu
1651:978-0-7656-0737-9
1409:Revista Arhivelor
1391:978-973-681-012-1
1320:978-973-7839-77-0
1282:978-90-04-40111-2
1209:978-9975-4241-9-6
1180:, pp. 64–65.
1154:Zirin et al. 2007
1127:Zirin et al. 2007
1060:, pp. 28–29.
750:An update to the
585:Eternity Cemetery
479:Glimpses of Light
444:Renașterea română
348:as individuals.
293:Montessori method
162:
161:
104:Years active
86:Eternity Cemetery
35:Maria C. Lambrino
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1595:(in Romanian).
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1545:Anuarul Oficial
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459:Romanian Future
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331:, 1921 revision
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67:(aged 47)
61:
57:
56:
47:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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1197:
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1186:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1168:, p. 86.
1167:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1147:
1144:, p. 63.
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:, p. 37.
1113:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1072:, p. 29.
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
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1036:
1032:
1027:
1024:
1021:, p. 53.
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:, p. 52.
993:
988:
986:
982:
978:
977:Iordachi 2019
973:
971:
967:
964:, p. 10.
963:
958:
956:
952:
949:, p. 65.
948:
943:
941:
939:
935:
932:, p. 62.
931:
926:
924:
922:
920:
916:
912:
907:
905:
903:
901:
897:
893:
888:
886:
884:
880:
877:, p. 64.
876:
871:
869:
867:
865:
863:
861:
859:
855:
851:
849:
843:
841:
839:
835:
832:, p. 70.
831:
826:
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820:
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807:
805:
801:
797:
796:Ștrempel 1984
792:
790:
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784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
772:
766:
761:
753:
747:
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739:
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730:
724:
721:
714:
708:
702:
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
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651:
646:
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638:
633:
629:
625:
620:
616:
612:
607:
606:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
586:
578:
576:
574:
573:Ella Negruzzi
570:
569:Sofia Nădejde
566:
562:
558:
557:Calypso Botez
554:
549:
538:
534:
533:Dora d'Istria
528:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
492:
490:
485:
481:, 1909), and
480:
475:
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436:
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428:
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398:
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385:
378:
373:
369:
365:
359:
354:
353:Emilia Humpel
349:
347:
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339:
330:
325:
318:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
252:
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248:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
214:
212:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
181:
178:educator and
177:
173:
170:
166:
158:
155:
151:
132:
127:
123:
119:
116:
110:
106:
102:
98:
96:Occupation(s)
94:
91:
87:
84:
82:Resting place
80:
76:
72:
62:
58:
54:
50:
45:31 March 1872
33:
29:
22:
19:
1700:. Retrieved
1691:
1676:. Retrieved
1663:
1642:M. E. Sharpe
1637:
1621:. Retrieved
1596:
1592:
1571:
1566:
1548:
1544:
1528:. Retrieved
1511:
1495:. Retrieved
1480:
1464:. Retrieved
1452:
1449:Ţara Noastră
1448:
1432:. Retrieved
1408:
1381:
1376:
1357:. Retrieved
1337:
1333:
1310:
1292:
1267:
1254:. Retrieved
1230:
1226:
1199:
1195:
1187:Bibliography
1173:
1166:Ionoaia 2013
1161:
1149:
1107:
1065:
1053:
1046:Mihaila 2012
1031:Popescu 2021
1026:
1014:
847:
746:
741:credentials.
732:
723:
692:
688:
679:
675:
666:
662:
653:
649:
640:
636:
627:
623:
614:
610:
582:
552:
506:Ralu Caragea
501:
493:
488:
478:
468:
458:
448:
438:
425:
421:
411:
401:
393:
388:
350:
338:emancipation
334:
328:
280:
268:Piatra Neamț
261:
239:, attending
218:
204:emancipation
197:
187:and married
171:
164:
163:
117:
113:Notable work
65:(1919-12-04)
18:
1727:1919 deaths
1722:1872 births
1415:: 147–165.
1178:Maftei 1978
1142:Maftei 1978
947:Maftei 1978
930:Maftei 1978
875:Maftei 1978
525: [
510:Sofia Cocea
484:Vis de mamă
469:Soul Wounds
430: [
375: [
356: [
351:Along with
264:Târgu Neamț
225:Iași County
1716:Categories
1354:A327357309
1251:7179238922
1100:Negru 2015
762:References
593:Mary Zirin
522:Ana Davila
518:Elena Cuza
41:1872-03-31
1634:"Romania"
1613:110992297
1605:1221-9118
1593:Chirurgie
1580:180642379
1520:1583-3593
1461:299173358
1421:1453-1755
1346:2164-0262
1302:490701056
1243:1841-1401
1237:: 85–90.
1019:Ilie 2014
1007:Popa 1926
992:Ilie 2014
962:Rusu 2012
767:Citations
701:cite book
471:, 1909),
439:The Order
402:Evolution
227:, in the
107:1888–1919
1702:11 April
1696:Archived
1678:10 April
1672:Archived
1670:. 2020.
1664:CNMEIASI
1623:10 April
1617:Archived
1557:50621955
1530:10 April
1524:Archived
1497:12 April
1491:Archived
1466:11 April
1434:12 April
1425:Archived
1374:(2002).
1359:12 April
1256:12 April
397:Evoluția
364:Eleonora
346:capacity
309:Brussels
299:and the
289:pacifism
276:Vladimir
233:pedagogy
200:Lausanne
193:pacifism
176:Romanian
172:Lambrino
153:Children
451:), and
427:Ordinea
422:Opinion
221:Roșcani
147:
139:
135:
49:Roșcani
1648:
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1578:
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1512:Elanul
1459:
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1388:
1352:
1344:
1317:
1300:
1279:
1249:
1241:
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535:, and
417:Opinia
342:agency
313:Venice
311:, and
305:Berlin
253:Career
208:agency
125:Spouse
120:, 1913
118:Femeia
1570:[
1547:[
1428:(PDF)
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1380:[
1223:(PDF)
1198:[
715:Notes
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639:[
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613:[
603:Works
529:]
434:]
379:]
360:]
141:(
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1680:2023
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1601:ISSN
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1386:ISBN
1361:2023
1350:Gale
1342:ISSN
1315:ISBN
1298:OCLC
1277:ISBN
1258:2023
1247:OCLC
1239:ISSN
1204:ISBN
850:2017
707:link
366:and
237:Iași
185:Iași
90:Iași
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