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Some of the most famous
Portuguese-Siamese desserts were attributed to Mary Gimard, or Thao Thong Giip Ma, the Portuguese-Japanese wife of Constance Phaulkon, the Greek adventurer who became Prime Minister under King Narai of Ayuttaya (1656â1688). She was credited with adapting Portuguese egg-based
530:
There is, however, some disagreement over Mariaâs role in popularizing the desserts, Pridi
Phitphumwithi claimed that some of the kinds of dessert attributed to Maria had been previously known by Siamese people. They had been named âConvent sweetâ because they were cooked by the nuns in Portuguese
488:
who appreciated them and promoted them. Khun Luang Ha Wat or King
Uthumphon said that the desserts were distributed and sold in the market in area of Pa-Khanom. Following the success of the new desserts in the palace, some nobles requested to be taught the recipes. Many of her desserts were yellow
496:
mention that, although she introduced some local
Siamese ingredients in them, Maria's sweets were largely based on traditional Portuguese desserts. The original Thai desserts had had flour, sugar or palm sugar and coconut as the main ingredients and Maria is credited with having introduced egg or
338:
of mixed
Portuguese, Bengali Indian and Japanese ancestry, who was described as "half-black, half-Bengali, half-Japanese," a devout Catholic of little means. Her mother was a Japanese Christian, named Ursula Yamada, whose ancestors had migrated to Siam following the
416:
to recoup money which her husband
Phaulkon had lent to the company. She was vindicated in 1717 through a decree from the Council of State in France, which provided her with a maintenance allowance. Maria died in 1728.
393:
Despite the promises that had been made regarding her safety, she was condemned to perpetual slavery in the kitchens of
Phetracha until his death in 1703, but remained and became the head of the royal kitchen staff.
362:
for
Catholicism. They had two sons, George "Jorge" Phaulkon and Constantin "JoÃĢo" Phaulkon, and lived a life of affluence as Phaulkon rose to become highly influential at the royal court of king Narai.
765:
Her mother was a
Japanese woman named Ursula Yamada, who came from a noted family which had emigrated from Japan. Her father was a Mr. Fanique. He was a dusky half-breed of Bengal and Japan.
503:, also known in Thai as Foi Thong, are egg threads where yolks were drawn into thin strands and boiled in sugar syrup. Next, Thong Yip, which is a sweet made from egg, was developed from
378:, after the execution of her husband on 5 June, she managed to flee Ayutthaya with the help of a French officer named Sieur de Sainte-Marie and took refuge with the French troops in
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like gold, a colour that was considered auspicious and pleasant in
Siamese tradition. Thus, the desserts that Maria had introduced were widely popularized.
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convents. Other critics claim that even though a large array of Siamese desserts are claimed to have been invented by Maria, only two kinds of dessert â
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347:. By some accounts, Ursula was not a very faithful wife and Maria, who was of light complexion, may have been fathered by a Sicilian priest.
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One of her sons, Jorge, became a minor official at the Siamese court. Her second son, JoÃĢo, was known to have been put in charge by
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Portuguese and Luso-Asian Legacies in Southeast Asia, 1511-2011: The making of the Luso-Asian world, intricacies of engagement
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desserts into special royal desserts including a custard served in squash and a complex sweet made to look like mango seeds.
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Maria Guyomar took the position of cook in the palace in the period of King Narai and introduced many new desserts into the
515:, a Portuguese traditional sweet that has rolled almond as main ingredient. During King Naraiâs period, a version known as
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and was at the same time a supervisor of the Christians in Ayutthaya and the official in charge of the royal storehouses.
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In her later life, Maria, together with her daughter-in-law Louisa Passagna (widow of JoÃĢo), continued to sue the
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Maria Guyomar de Pinha, together with her husband Phaulkon, was promised French protection by being ennobled a
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894:āļāļīāļāļĒāļ° āļĻ., "āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ-āđāļāļĢāļāļļāđāļāļŠāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē:āļāļāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĒāđāļāļĢāđāļ§āļąāļāļāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļāļāļāļēāļ§āđāļāļĢāļāļļāđāļāļŠāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļāļĢāđāđāļāļĒ"
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yolk, refined sugar, soybean starch or cassava starch, as well as nuts, in her desserts. Angel hair or
967:
Matichon Online""āļāļāļĒāļāļāļ"āđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāļģāļāļāļ"āđāļāļĒ-āđāļāļĢāļāļļāđāļāļŠ"āđāļāļīāļāļĨāļķāļāļŠāļēāļĒāļŠāļąāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđ 500āļāļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļāļŠāļąāļĄāļĄāļāļēāļāļĩāđāļ§āđāļēāļāđāļāļĨāđāļē..."
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507:. They have a different external look, Thong Yip is pleated but Trouxa de ovos are rolled. Also,
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Knowledge (XXG): "āļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļēāļāđāļēāļŠāļļāļāļēāļ§āļāļĩ āļāļĢāļĄāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļĒāļāļēāđāļāļ" (July 7, 2013) Retrieved October 22, 2013
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955:âMaitri Thai-Portugueseâ MThai"āļāļĢāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļīāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĄāļēāļāļāļāļāļāļĄāđāļāļĒ āļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāđāļāļĒ!!"
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The role of Maria Guyomar is featured in the 2018 historical drama TV series
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for the royal palace. According to French missionary sources he was called
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Knowledge (XXG): "āļāđāļēāļ§āļāļāļāļāļĩāļāļĄāđāļē"(March 9, 2013) Retrieved October 22, 2013
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Historical Archives Archdiocese of Bangkok "āđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļŦāļĒāļīāļ āļāļāļĒāļāļāļ...āļĄāļē āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ"
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Historical Archives Archdiocese of Bangkok "āđāļĢāļāļāļāļāļŦāļĒāļīāļ āļāļāļĒāļāļāļ...āļĄāļē āļŠāļĒāļēāļĄ"
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Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
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returned her to the Siamese under pressure from the new ruler, usurper
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309:
248:
527:) was served to the king in a pot which was made from precious metal.
444:), one of several desserts introduced to Thai cuisine by Maria Guyomar
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The 17th-Century Japanese Diaspora: Questions of Boundary and Policy
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is a sweet made from flour egg and coconut milk, is similar to
335:
808:, History Department University of British Columbia, page 26.
678:
Byrne, John (2011). "The Luso-Asians and other Eurasians".
847:
Thong muan(crispy coconut rolls with sesame and pandanus)
1005:
Three military accounts of the 1688 "Revolution" in Siam
539:â can be fully said to be the fruit of her own skill.
682:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 137.
1031:
Thai cuisine: Khanom Mo Kaeng Thua (āļāļāļĄāļŦāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāļāļąāđāļ§)
382:on 4 October, but the Commander of the French fort
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16:Siamese palace cook, wife of Constantine Phaulkon
328:. Her father was known as Fanique or Phanick, a
1019:Thao Thong Kip Ma - Her life in comic (in Thai)
976:(September 21, 2011) Retrieved October 22, 2013
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390:, for the exchange of hostages on 18 October.
896:(February 5, 2011) Retrieved October 22, 2013
561:. She is portrayed by the Anglo-Thai actress
262:court. Some of her dishes were influenced by
8:
1007:, Itineria Asiatica, Orchid Press, Bangkok,
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557:) and the 2023 historical drama TV series
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957:(May 30, 2013) Retrieved October 22, 2013
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858:th:āļāđāļēāļ§āļāļāļāļāļĩāļāļĄāđāļē (āļĄāļēāļĢāļĩ āļāļĩāļĄāļēāļĢāđ āđāļāļ āļāļĩāļāļē)
760:The Greek Favourite of the King of Siam
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427:Thai cuisine § Desserts and sweets
991:Southeast Asia in the Early Modern Era
879:th:āļŠāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļēāļāđāļēāļŠāļļāļāļēāļ§āļāļĩ āļāļĢāļĄāļŦāļĨāļ§āļāđāļĒāļāļēāđāļāļ
7:
837:Dhivarat na Prombeja, in Reid, p.258
113:
993:, Cornell University Press, 1993,
350:Maria Guyomar was brought up as a
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1076:People from the Ayutthaya Kingdom
1046:Thai people of Portuguese descent
703:Halikowski-Smith, Stefan (2011).
707:. Brill. pp. 4â5, 120â121.
1051:Thai people of Japanese descent
492:The Historical Archives of the
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646:Food Culture of Southeast Asia
196:; 1664 â 1728) (also known as
112: 1682; died
1:
1056:Thai people of Indian descent
585:Nine auspicious Thai desserts
304:and Maria Guyomar de Pinha (
63:1728 (aged 63–64)
740:Journal of the Siam Society
733:"Madame Constance's Jewels"
676:Sitsayamkan 1967, cited in
644:Van Esterik, Penny (2008).
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1003:Smithies, Michael (2002),
942:Retrieved October 22, 2013
927:Retrieved October 22, 2013
915:Retrieved October 22, 2013
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341:repression of Christianity
247:for having introduced new
243:Maria Guyomar is known in
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33:āļĄāļēāļĢāļĩāļāļē āļāļĩāļĒāļđāļĄāļēāļĢāđ āļāļķ āļāļĩāļāļē
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140:Fanik Guyomar (father)
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186:Maria Guyomar de Pina
127:Jorge Phaulkon (son)
26:Maria Guyomar de Pina
1071:Thai Roman Catholics
828:Smithies 2002, p.180
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631:Thailand: World Food
603:Smithies 2002, p.100
356:Constantine Phaulkon
302:Constantine Phaulkon
238:Constantine Phaulkon
202:Dona Maria del Pifia
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1091:17th-century slaves
869:āļāđāļēāļ§āļāļāļāļāļĩāļāļĄāđāļē, 2002
794:Smithies 2002, p.51
358:after he abandoned
129:JoÃĢo Phaulkon (son)
972:2016-03-04 at the
911:2016-04-11 at the
813:2010-06-16 at the
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500:Fios de ovos
498:
491:
482:Khanom phing
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441:fios de ovos
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435:
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407:Racha Mantri
406:
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206:Marie Guimar
205:
201:
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185:
184:
155:
1066:1728 deaths
1061:1664 births
575:Luso-Asians
399:Prince Phon
360:Anglicanism
232:woman from
74:Nationality
1040:Categories
746:: 111â121.
633:, Page 87.
591:References
525:āļāļāļĄāļāļļāļĄāļ āļĄāļēāļĻ
462:Thong muan
454:curry puff
425:See also:
166:Portuguese
84:Occupation
580:Thai food
537:Thong yip
533:Foi thong
474:Foi thong
470:Thong yip
466:Thong yot
436:Foi thong
388:Phetracha
322:Ayutthaya
292:Biography
285:sangkhaya
273:foi thong
260:Ayutthaya
234:Ayutthaya
228:), was a
970:Archived
909:Archived
811:Archived
569:See also
513:Tigelada
486:Sudawadi
478:Sangkaya
452:such as
372:countess
352:Catholic
314:Thailand
268:egg yolk
245:Thailand
124:Children
380:Bangkok
331:Mestiço
310:Lopburi
258:at the
252:recipes
249:dessert
230:Siamese
134:Parents
118:
106:
102:
78:Siamese
44: (
1011:
997:
711:
686:
656:
308:), in
214:French
204:or as
92:Spouse
736:(PDF)
403:organ
345:Japan
334:from
326:Narai
116:)
108:(
104:
1009:ISBN
995:ISBN
709:ISBN
684:ISBN
654:ISBN
535:and
521:Thai
480:and
282:and
222:Thai
208:and
190:Thai
114:1688
87:cook
60:Died
46:1664
42:1664
39:Born
343:in
336:Goa
254:in
216:),
212:in
1042::
947:^
932:^
886:^
821:^
744:88
742:.
738:.
723:^
662:.
648:.
615:,
565:.
523::
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472:,
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456:,
312:,
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240:.
224::
200:,
192::
110:m.
717:.
692:.
519:(
316:.
220:(
188:(
168:-
48:)
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