361:
270:
nickname of the "Duchess of
Calmels", implying that her teacher Célestin-Anatole Calmels had more to do with the production of the works of art than just her training. Others disagreed, noting that her work was too "feminine" to have been helped by Calmels. She remained unaffected by the criticism and her work as a sculptor was finally recognized by Portugal with the award of the
299:). With the support of several other aristocratic families, banks and other donors guaranteed, the Duchess of Palmela visited Switzerland and England to see how such charitable organizations operated. On her return she ordered, at her own expense, all necessary equipment, including kitchen utensils, ovens, tables and chairs, and cutlery. She also arranged for some
189:(1853–56). On the death of her father in 1864 three years after her mother's death, she became the Duchess of Palmela and her husband became the 3rd Duke. At the age of 24, the new Duchess was in control not only of a vast fortune but also an artistic heritage consisting of the family's many properties and the numerous works of art they contained.
36:
35:
290:
At the end of the 19th century, Lisbon had many poor people and the streets were full of beggars, particularly children. The
Duchess of Palmela, together with Maria Isabel de Lemos Saint-Léger, Marchioness of Rio Maior, thought of promoting an institution that would serve meals, at reasonable prices,
257:
said that she was "no longer a simple amateur, a dilettante, but an artist in the most beautiful sense of the word", and the journalist Rangel de Lima noted that "the art of sculpture in
Portugal can, therefore, be exalted for having among its cultivators such a noble and distinguished amateur in the
282:) in 1909, the year of her death. The order is awarded for exceptional and outstanding merit in literature, science, and the arts. While many female painters emerged in Portugal in the second half of the 19th century, De Sousa Holstein remained the predominant Portuguese woman sculptor of the time.
213:
who had arrived in Lisbon in 1858. Calmels painted and sculpted the
Palmela family and in 1865 and 1866 worked with the Duchess on the redesign of the late-18th-century Palmela palace in Lisbon, continuing to provide works of art for the palace until the turn of the century. He was also responsible
197:
Appreciated as a sculptor, she was also a significant patron of the arts, both by awarding scholarships and financial grants and by commissioning and buying works of art to modernize the already notable
Palmela collection. She started her artistic career soon after the birth of her two children, D.
269:
While her works received considerable acclamation, the willingness of a member of the nobility to put in the hard work required to reach a stage of competence that, were she poor, would have enabled her to live on her work was often commented on. Some observers were suspicious and gave her the
324:
In her life, the
Duchess of Palmela had become such an important and well-known personality that when people in Lisbon spoke of "the Duchess" everyone knew who they were talking about, even though there were many others with the same title. Following the
225:
De Sousa
Holstein's artistic training was not just restricted to formal lessons by Bastos and Calmels. Affluent, cosmopolitan, and enlightened, she surrounded herself with some of the most respected artists of the time. She was a friend of the actresses
184:
In what was the Lisbon society wedding of the year, in April 1863 she married D. António de
Sampaio e Pina de Brederode, the second son of the Viscount of Lançada, who was a soldier who had volunteered for the British army and fought in the
198:
Helena Maria
Domingas in 1864, and D. Pedro Maria Luís Eugénio in 1866. Important initial influences were Victor Bastos of Portugal’s Academy of Fine Arts in Lisbon, which had been founded in 1836, and the Frenchman,
311:. Seven other Economic Kitchens were to follow. The first meal consisted of a bowl of grain soup with rice, stewed cod, 200 g (7 oz) of bread, and a glass of wine. Subsequent meals did not include wine.
181:. She attended a school in France, where the daughters of the European aristocracy received a religious education taught by nuns, but also had classes in fine arts, and visits to museums, monuments and concerts.
619:
253:) as well as at smaller exhibitions of paintings often held in Lisbon's bookshops, she continued to gain favourable comment for her sculptures and watercolours. The writer
496:
169:
Maria Luísa
Domingas Eugénia Ana Filomena Josefa Antónia Francisca Xavier Sales de Borja de Assis and Paula de Sousa Holstein was born on 4 August 1841, in
177:. She had blonde hair and blue eyes, presumably inherited from Maria Anna Leopoldina von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, the grandmother of the first
345:
at the age of 68. The Society for the Promotion of Economic Kitchens continued after the Duchess's death and would eventually pass to the control of the
271:
239:
249:
in Paris, possibly using her connections to secure a place. Exhibiting at the annual exhibitions of the "Society for the Promotion of Fine Arts" (
346:
259:
629:
473:
569:
624:
614:
308:
303:
to travel to Lisbon from France to run the operation. The first soup kitchen opened on 8 December 1893, an important day for the
594:
174:
50:
Maria Luísa Domingas Eugénia Ana Filomena Josefa Antónia Francisca Xavier Sales de Borja de Assis and Paula de Sousa Holstein
604:
246:
266:
was very favourably received. It became sufficiently popular to be subsequently reproduced in smaller versions in brass.
609:
599:
291:
to the most deprived sections of the population. They decided to form the "Society to Promote Economic Kitchens" (
564:
204:
199:
315:
often contributed food, such as animals shot during his hunts and surplus fish caught by the royal yacht
589:
584:
510:
312:
292:
275:
245:
With a favourable reception at her first two showings in Lisbon, the Duchess exhibited at the 1878
67:
490:
300:
329:
in Lisbon on 1 February 1908, she remained in seclusion. The final exhibition of her art was in
254:
469:
146:
365:
342:
326:
304:
227:
178:
141:
26:
395:
330:
215:
578:
235:
231:
150:
154:
420:
317:
258:
works to which she connects her name". Her first presentation at the Salon of the
210:
186:
222:
at the time when the royal family were spending part of their summers there.
153:, as well as for her charitable work, which included the establishment of
149:
nobility who became known for her sculptures, which were exhibited at the
263:
97:
219:
145:(4 August 1841 – 2 September 1909) was a member of the
338:
334:
170:
158:
85:
63:
570:
Magazine article with illustrations of the sculptures by the Duchess
536:
463:
537:"Filantropia e Arte: A obra de escultura da 3ª duquesa de Palmela"
337:
in the same year. She died on 2 September 1909, at her farm in
123:
Establishment of charity to supply food to the poor of Lisbon
349:, a Portuguese charity connected to the Catholic Church.
565:
Photos of the life and funeral of the Duchess of Palmela
396:"3 Duquesa de Palmela: Maria Luísa de Sousa e Holstein"
234:. In the field of sculpture, she worked in Paris with
511:"Faculdade de belas-artes da universidade de lisboa"
620:
Recipients of the Order of Saint James of the Sword
127:
119:
111:
103:
93:
74:
45:
23:
262:in Paris was in 1884, where her sculpture of
8:
242:. Guillaume sculpted a bust of her in 1889.
297:Sociedade Promotora das Cozinhas Económicas
495:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
468:(1st ed.). Lisbon. pp. 665–676.
34:
20:
457:
455:
453:
451:
449:
447:
445:
443:
441:
251:Sociedade Promotora das Belas-artes-SPBA
40:The Duchess of Palmela with her daughter
377:
488:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
240:Jean-Baptiste Claude Eugène Guillaume
16:Portuguese artist and charity founder
7:
535:Costa Saldanha, Sandra (July 2007).
347:Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa
280:Ordem Militar de Sant'Iago da Espada
218:that the Duke and Duchess built in
140:Maria Luísa de Sousa Holstein, 3rd
25:Maria Luísa de Sousa Holstein, 3rd
309:Feast of the Immaculate Conception
230:, who visited Lisbon in 1895, and
14:
465:Feminae: Dicionário Contemporâneo
359:
462:Costa Saldanha, Sandra (2013).
425:Arquivo Nacional Torre de Tombo
175:Palace of the Dukes of Palmela
1:
260:Société des Artistes Français
247:Exposition Universelle (1878)
107:Sculptor; watercolour painter
630:19th-century philanthropists
394:Paiva Boléo, Maria Luísa V.
327:assassination of King Carlos
646:
625:Portuguese philanthropists
615:Portuguese women sculptors
313:King Carlos I of Portugal
33:
214:for the decoration of a
200:Célestin-Anatole Calmels
296:
279:
595:Founders of charities
133:Sculpture of Diogenes
88:, Kingdom of Portugal
605:Portuguese duchesses
515:University of Lisbon
610:Portuguese nobility
366:Portugal portal
209:, an artist of the
68:Kingdom of Portugal
600:Portuguese artists
541:História e Cultura
301:Sisters of Charity
142:Duchess of Palmela
27:Duchess of Palmela
475:978-972-597-373-8
272:Order of Santiago
137:
136:
112:Years active
637:
552:
551:
549:
547:
532:
526:
525:
523:
521:
507:
501:
500:
494:
486:
484:
482:
459:
436:
435:
433:
431:
417:
411:
410:
408:
406:
391:
364:
363:
362:
208:
157:for the poor of
130:
81:
78:2 September 1909
59:
57:
38:
21:
645:
644:
640:
639:
638:
636:
635:
634:
575:
574:
561:
556:
555:
545:
543:
534:
533:
529:
519:
517:
509:
508:
504:
487:
480:
478:
476:
461:
460:
439:
429:
427:
419:
418:
414:
404:
402:
393:
392:
379:
374:
360:
358:
355:
343:angina pectoris
305:Catholic Church
288:
286:Charitable work
255:Ramalho Ortigão
228:Sarah Bernhardt
211:Romantic school
202:
195:
179:Duke of Palmela
167:
128:
89:
83:
79:
70:
61:
55:
53:
52:
51:
41:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
643:
641:
633:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
577:
576:
573:
572:
567:
560:
559:External links
557:
554:
553:
527:
502:
474:
437:
421:"Casa Palmela"
412:
376:
375:
373:
370:
369:
368:
354:
351:
331:Rio de Janeiro
287:
284:
194:
191:
166:
163:
135:
134:
131:
125:
124:
121:
120:Known for
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
84:
82:(aged 68)
76:
72:
71:
62:
49:
47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
642:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
582:
580:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
558:
542:
538:
531:
528:
516:
512:
506:
503:
498:
492:
477:
471:
467:
466:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
438:
426:
422:
416:
413:
401:
397:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
378:
371:
367:
357:
356:
352:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
322:
320:
319:
314:
310:
307:as it is the
306:
302:
298:
294:
285:
283:
281:
277:
273:
267:
265:
261:
256:
252:
248:
243:
241:
237:
236:Auguste Rodin
233:
232:Eleonora Duse
229:
223:
221:
217:
212:
206:
201:
193:Artistic work
192:
190:
188:
182:
180:
176:
172:
164:
162:
160:
156:
155:soup kitchens
152:
148:
144:
143:
132:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
104:Occupation(s)
102:
99:
96:
92:
87:
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:4 August 1841
48:
44:
37:
32:
28:
22:
19:
544:. Retrieved
540:
530:
518:. Retrieved
514:
505:
479:. Retrieved
464:
428:. Retrieved
424:
415:
403:. Retrieved
399:
323:
316:
289:
268:
250:
244:
224:
216:summer house
196:
183:
168:
139:
138:
129:Notable work
80:(1909-09-02)
18:
590:1909 deaths
585:1841 births
203: [
187:Crimean War
165:Early years
151:Paris Salon
94:Nationality
579:Categories
372:References
293:Portuguese
276:Portuguese
147:Portuguese
98:Portuguese
56:1841-08-04
491:cite book
318:Amélia IV
173:, in the
353:See also
264:Diogenes
220:Cascais
546:2 June
520:31 May
481:1 June
472:
430:31 May
405:1 June
400:O Leme
339:Sintra
335:Brazil
171:Lisbon
159:Lisbon
86:Sintra
64:Lisbon
341:, of
207:]
548:2020
522:2020
497:link
483:2020
470:ISBN
432:2020
407:2020
238:and
75:Died
46:Born
581::
539:.
513:.
493:}}
489:{{
440:^
423:.
398:.
380:^
333:,
321:.
295::
278::
205:fr
161:.
115:40
66:,
550:.
524:.
499:)
485:.
434:.
409:.
274:(
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
