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915:. Napoleon initially remarked that he had "married a womb" to an aide, but their relationship soon grew. He "spared no pains" to please her and claimed at one point to prefer Marie Louise to his first wife JosĂ©phine; while he had loved JosĂ©phine, and though he claimed JosĂ©phine remained his greatest friend even after their amicable divorce, and that he still would choose her, whereas with Marie Louise, there was "Never a lie, never a debt" — presumably a reference to JosĂ©phine's rumoured
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throne, as he could be easily disguised as a girl. Franz grew resentful at his
Austrian relatives and his mother for their lack of support, and began identifying as Napoleon II and surrounding himself with French courtiers. The relationship with his mother broke down when he became aware that his mother had borne two illegitimate children to Neipperg prior to their marriage; this occurred to such an extent that he once remarked "If
1257:-led uprisings in Italy. In Parma, protesters gathered in the streets to denounce Grand Chamberlain Werklein. Marie Louise did not know what to do and wanted to leave the city, but was prevented from doing so by the protesters, who saw her as someone who would listen to their demands. She managed to leave Parma between 14 and 15 February, and the rebels formed a provisional government, led by Count Filippo Luigi Linati. At
1158:, who was about to return to France: "I hope he will understand the misery of my position ... I shall never assent to a divorce, but I flatter myself that he will not oppose an amicable separation, and that he will not bear any ill feeling towards me ... This separation has become imperative; it will in no way affect the feelings of esteem and gratitude that I preserve." Napoleon was defeated for the last time at the
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1082:, which was safe from the Allies. She did not expect her father to dethrone Napoleon and deprive her son of the crown of France. On 3 April, the Senate, at the instigation of Talleyrand, announced the deposition of the Emperor. Marie Louise was unaware of this until 7 April, and was astonished to discover the turn of events. She wanted to return to Paris, but was dissuaded from doing so by physician
985:, where she met her father and stepmother. Emperor Francis told Napoleon he could count on Austria for the "triumph of the common cause", a reference to the impending war. A minor rivalry began to develop between Marie Louise and the Empress of Austria, who was jealous at being upstaged in appearance by her stepdaughter. It was also in Dresden where she met
1268:, a French émigré nobleman who had served in the Austrian army against Napoleon. Bombelles was an excellent Grand Chamberlain, who thoroughly reformed the finances of the duchy. A middle-aged widower, he also developed a close personal relationship with Marie Louise. Six months after his arrival, on 17 February 1834, she married him, again morganatically.
1126:, who disapproved of her deserting her husband. Distressed at being seen as a heartless wife and indifferent mother, she wrote on 9 August 1814: "I am in a very unhappy and critical position; I must be very prudent in my conduct. There are moments when that thought so distracts me that I think that the best thing I could do would be to die."
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in 1818. Franz lived at the
Austrian court, where he was shown great affection by his grandfather, but was constantly undermined by Austrian ministers and nationalists, who did their best to sideline him to become an irrelevance. There were fears that he might be smuggled over to France to regain the
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The excitement surrounding the wedding ushered in a period of peace and friendship between France and
Austria, who had been largely at war for the last two decades. The people of Vienna, who hated Napoleon only months before, were suddenly in full praise of the French Emperor. Flattering letters were
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Marie Louise departed Vienna on 13 March, probably expecting never to return. Upon arriving in France she was placed in the custody of
Napoleon's sister, who had her put through a symbolic old ritual. Tradition dictated that a royal bride coming to France must keep nothing of her homeland, especially
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Marie Louise was strongly dissuaded from rejoining her husband by her advisors, who fed her accounts that
Napoleon was distraught with grief over the death of Joséphine. On 16 April, her father arrived at Blois to meet her. At the advice of Emperor Francis, Marie Louise departed Rambouillet with her
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Marie Louise departed for Parma on 7 March 1816, accompanied by
Neipperg. She entered the duchy on 18 April. She wrote to her father: "People welcomed me with such enthusiasm that I had tears in my eyes." She largely left the running of day-to-day affairs to Neipperg, who received instructions from
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and reputation as a spendthrift. Marie Louise wrote to her father: "I assure you, dear papa, that people have done great injustice to the
Emperor. The better one knows him, the better one appreciates and loves him." However, the marriage was not without tension; Napoleon sometimes remarked to aides
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As the Allies neared Paris, Marie Louise was reluctant to leave. She felt that as the daughter of the sovereign of
Austria, one of the allied members, she would be treated with respect by Allied forces, with the possibility of her son succeeding the throne should Napoleon be deposed. She was also
1055:. Marie Louise tried unsuccessfully to get her father to ally with France. Austria too joined the opposition to France. She maintained a correspondence with Napoleon, informing him of increasing demands for peace in Paris and the provinces. Napoleon was decisively defeated in
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On 23 January 1814, Marie Louise was appointed Regent for the second time. On 25 January, at 03:00 in the morning, Napoleon embraced Marie Louise and his son for the last time. He left to lead a hastily formed army to stave off the Allied invasion from the north.
1173:, but prevented her from bringing her son to Italy. It also made her Duchess of Parma for her life only, as the Allies did not want a descendant of Napoleon to have a hereditary claim over Parma. After her death, the duchy was to revert to the Bourbons.
771:, the bride's uncle. According to the French ambassador, the marriage "was celebrated with a magnificence that it would be hard to surpass, by the side of which even the brilliant festivities that have preceded it are not to be mentioned". She became
1154:, the Allies once again declared war. Marie Louise was asked by her stepmother to join in the processions to pray for the success of the Austrian armies but rejected the insulting invitation. She passed a message to Napoleon's private secretary,
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broke out between France and
Austria in 1809, which resulted in defeat for the Austrians again. The Imperial family had to flee Vienna again before the city surrendered on 12 May. Their journey was hampered by bad weather, and they arrived in
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1075:, who received the order from Napoleon: "I would prefer to know that they are both at the bottom of the Seine rather than in the hands of the foreigners." On 29 March, the court left Paris. The Allies entered the city the following day.
1246:, and I should not be at Vienna. My mother is kind but weak; she was not the wife my father deserved; Josephine was." However, before anything could become of Napoleon II, he died at the age of 21 in Vienna in 1832, after suffering from
996:, where she spent a few weeks with the Austrian Imperial family, before returning to Saint Cloud on 18 July. She kept in touch with Napoleon throughout the war. The invasion of Russia ended disastrously for France. More than half of the
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decided that he needed an heir to cement his relatively young Empire. He also sought the validation and legitimization of his Empire by marrying a member of one of the leading royal families of Europe. He began proceedings to divorce
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her clothes. Accordingly, Marie Louise was stripped of her dress, corset, stockings, and chemise, leaving her completely naked. Napoleon's sister then made the nude Marie take a bath. She was then redressed in French bridal clothes.
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During public occasions, Marie Louise spoke little due to reserve and timidity, which some observers mistook for haughtiness. She was regarded as a quiet woman and never interfered in politics. Privately, she was polite and gentle.
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Marie Louise fell ill on 9 December 1847. Her condition worsened for the next few days. On 17 December, she passed out after vomiting and never woke up again. She died in the evening. The cause of death was determined to be
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to prevent her from joining
Napoleon on Elba. Neipperg was a confidant of Metternich and an enemy of Napoleon. Marie Louise fell in love with Neipperg. They became lovers. He became her chamberlain, and her advocate at the
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Ruggieri, Claude-Fortuné (1811). "Plate 27: Final Firework Display at the Celebration of the Marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise at the Residence of Princess Pauline Borghèse, the Palais De Neuilly, on 14 June 1810".
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was already at war with France), but Austria stayed out due to relations between the Imperial families. On 30 March, Marie Louise was appointed Regent as Napoleon set off for battle in Germany. The regency was only
1230:. Neipperg died of heart problems on 22 February 1829, devastating Marie Louise. She was banned by Austria from mourning in public. To replace Neipperg, Austria appointed Josef von Werklein as Grand Chamberlain.
613:
Marie Louise's formative years were during a period of conflict between France and her family. She was brought up to detest France and French ideas. Her upbringing was supervised by her French imperial governess
1261:, she wrote to her father, asking him to replace Werklein. Francis sent in Austrian troops, which crushed the rebellion. To avoid further turmoil, Marie Louise granted amnesty to the dissidents on 29 September.
680:, who was four years older than Marie Louise. Nonetheless, Maria Ludovika Beatrix took on a maternal role towards her stepdaughter. She was also bitter towards the French, who had deprived her father of the
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740:. Schwarzenberg signed the marriage contract on 7 February. Marie Louise was informed of the marriage by Metternich. When asked for consent, she replied: "I wish only what my duty commands me to wish."
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Frustrated by the Russians delaying the marriage negotiations, Napoleon rescinded his proposal in late January 1810 and began negotiations to marry Marie Louise with the Austrian ambassador, the
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but no official overture was made by the Austrians. Though officials in Paris and Austria were beginning to accept the possibility of the union, Marie Louise was kept uninformed of developments.
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Drawing for the temple of Hymen, final firework display at the Celebration of the Marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise at the Residence of Princess Pauline Borghèse, the Palais De Neuilly
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brought Austria to the brink of ruin, which increased Marie Louise's resentment towards Napoleon. The Imperial family was forced to flee Vienna in 1805. Marie Louise took refuge in
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516:. Marie Louise agreed to the marriage despite being raised to despise France. She bore Napoleon a son, styled the King of Rome at birth, who briefly succeeded him as
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that Marie Louise was too shy and timid, compared to the outgoing and passionate Josephine, with whom he remained in close contact, upsetting Marie Louise.
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966:. Napoleon was delighted that his wife survived the ordeal and said: "I had rather never have any more children than see her suffer so much again."
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In 1807, when Marie Louise was 15, her mother died after suffering a miscarriage. Less than a year later, Emperor Francis married his first cousin
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Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans
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resulted in the marriage of Napoleon and Marie Louise in 1810, which ushered in a brief period of peace and friendship between Austria and the
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Marie Louise was devoted to her son; she had him brought to her every morning and visited him in his apartment in the course of the day.
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Marie Louise was excited as Napoleon’s wife and settled in quickly in the French court. She developed a close friendship with her
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sent between Napoleon and Emperor Francis, Empress Maria Ludovika Beatrix and Archduke Charles during the wedding festivities.
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2320:. Paris, France: Barba, libraire, Palais-Royal, derrièâtre français, no. 51 ; : Magimel, libraire, rue de Thionvill
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had been put through a similar ritual when she arrived in France in 1770. She met Napoleon for the first time on 27 March in
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Metternich. In December 1816, Marie Louise removed the incumbent Grand Chamberlain (prime minister) and installed Neipperg.
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Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living
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Napoleon arranged for Marie Louise to participate in some carefully selected charity assignments, most notably the
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2004:
Vol 1: An imperial victim : Marie Louise, Archduchess of Austria, Empress of the French, Duchess of Parma
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3683:. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
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1333:. This is in homage to the role she played in helping to develop the perfume and glass industry of Parma.
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gave the Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla to Marie Louise, who ruled the duchies until her death.
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before returning to Vienna in 1806. Her father relinquished the title of Holy Roman Emperor but remained
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1039:, as all decisions were still taken by Napoleon and implemented by his most senior officials, including
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To make her more marriageable, her parents had her tutored in many languages. In addition to her native
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through both her parents, as they were double first cousins. She was also a maternal granddaughter of
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1106:, allowed Marie Louise to retain her imperial rank and style and made her ruler of the duchies of
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1014:, Napoleon hastened his return to France and reunited with his wife on the night of 18 December.
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2292:. Newark, Del.; London: University of Delaware Press; Associated University Press. p. 146.
1214:, Count of Montenuovo, later created Prince of Montenuovo (1819–1895), married Countess Juliana
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Albertine, Countess of Montenuovo (1817–1867), married Luigi Sanvitale, Count of Fontanellato
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Marie Louise became pregnant by July 1810 and gave birth to a son on 20 March 1811. The boy,
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Elaborate celebrations continued to be held in May and June 1810. These included a ball, a
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1147:. News of the relationship was not received well by the French and the Austrian public.
488:, Marie Louise grew up during a period marked by ongoing and unceasing conflict between
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cavalry led the procession, followed by the herald-at-arms and then the carriages. The
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729:, a marriage between Napoleon and Marie Louise was suggested by Emperor Francis to the
717:, and per his family's wishes, he began searching for a new empress. His wish to marry
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which ultimately caused the death of her sister, Marie Antoinette. Maria Carolina's
527:. The European powers, including Austria, resumed hostilities towards France in the
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rode on each side, near the doors of the carriages. The procession arrived at the
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618:. Marie Louise was influenced by her grandmother Maria Carolina, who despised the
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for the first time. Napoleon left Dresden on 29 May to take charge of his army.
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from October 1815. Napoleon made no further attempt to contact her personally.
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Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria (who was given the Latin baptismal name of
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830:) for the religious wedding ceremony. The ceremony was conducted by Cardinal
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on 1 April 1810. The next day, Napoleon and Marie Louise made the journey to
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3191:] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 9.
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Marie Louise's son by Napoleon, then known as "Franz", was given the title
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Poverty, Charity, and Motherhood: Maternal Societies in Nineteenth-Century
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afraid that her departure would strengthen the royalist supporters of the
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Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed, 1954, Vol VI, p. 487,
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Her arms as Duchess of Parma are used as the logo of the perfume company
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After escaping an assassination attempt in Vienna, while negotiating the
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Napoleon died on 5 May 1821. On 8 August, Marie Louise married Neipperg
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and Napoleon's uncle. A Bridal March was composed for the occasion by
791:, remarking to him: "You are much better-looking than your portrait."
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Marie Louise was married by proxy to Napoleon on 11 March 1810 at the
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a year later as Francis II. Marie Louise was a great-granddaughter of
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Maria Luigia - Giuseppe che una donna e che amare governare Giuseppe
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Decree with which Marie Louise Italianized her name as Maria Luigia
857:, a sea-battle on the Seine, and a display of fireworks created by
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twice after Napoleon's death in 1821. Her second husband was Count
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1110:, with her son as heir. This arrangement was later revised at the
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558:, and Mathilde. Neipperg died in 1829. Marie Louise married Count
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Napoleon's fortunes changed dramatically in 1812 after his failed
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from April 1, 1810 to April 6, 1814 as the second wife of Emperor
457:(12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) Archduchess of Austria, was
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Duchess of Parma (r. 1814–1847); Empress of the French (1810–1814)
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Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
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she met in 1814. She and Neipperg had three children: Albertine,
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Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
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Maria Luigia : il destino di un' Asburgo da Parigi a Parma
531:, which ended with the abdication of Napoleon and his exile to
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had inflicted a heavy human toll on Austria and led Francis to
61:, a necklace, and earrings given as a wedding gift by Napoleon.
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Drawing an elusive line : the art of Pierre-Paul Prud'hon
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By this marriage, Napoleon became the great-nephew-in-law of
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had also come into direct conflict with French forces led by
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had been my mother, my father would not have been buried at
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representing Mars and Venus, an allegory of the wedding of
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The Congress of Vienna recognised Marie Louise as ruler of
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Her body was transferred back to Vienna and buried at the
520:. Marie Louise's son was later titled Duke of Reichstadt.
373:
Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Theresia Josepha Lucia
1059:
on 19 October and returned to Saint Cloud on 9 November.
572:
Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Francisca Theresa Josepha Lucia
4001:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
3049:] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 208 – via
2910:
2908:
3164:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 53 – via
3127:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 60 – via
3086:] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 81 – via
2710:
2708:
562:, her chamberlain, in 1834. She died in Parma in 1847.
389:
Maria Luigia Leopoldina Francesca Teresa Giuseppa Lucia
381:
Marie Louise Léopoldine Françoise Thérèse Josèphe Lucie
3140:
3138:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
1350:
Crown of Empress Marie Louise, set in silver, the 950
906:, while most of the daily affairs were handled by her
1118:
son for Vienna on 23 April. At Vienna, she stayed at
3151:"Habsburg, Maria Ludovica (deutsche Kaiserin)"
3114:"Habsburg, Maria Theresia (deutsche Kaiserin)"
3034:
5490:
5471:
5443:
5419:
5375:
5350:
5256:
5112:
4994:
4855:
4734:
4694:
4602:
4571:
4545:
4465:
4365:
4305:
4215:
4157:
4086:
4055:
4014:
3971:
3916:
3828:
3755:
3720:
3704:
3688:
3679:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
3267:. London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington.
1030:allied with Russia and declared war on France (the
440:
430:
420:
410:
398:
357:
324:
220:
208:
188:
159:
155:
147:
136:
113:
84:
73:
66:
34:
4351:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
3321:
3225:
3157:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3120:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3079:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
3042:Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich
1134:In the summer of 1814, Emperor Francis sent Count
1094:Napoleon abdicated the throne on 11 April 1814 in
4789:Several family members held additional titles in
1130:Congress of Vienna and relationship with Neipperg
1071:. Marie Louise was finally persuaded to leave by
696:"wet through, and nearly worn out with fatigue".
6271:Knights of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
5511:Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in
4421:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
3162:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3125:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3084:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
3047:Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire
1409:, 1815, bearing the head of Marie Louise on the
822:, and the Imperial couple made their way to the
3264:Napoleon and Marie-Louise (1800–1814): A Memoir
3177:
3175:
3025:
3023:
496:. A series of military defeats at the hands of
3399:Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1965.
1264:To replace Werklein, in 1833, Metternich sent
1221:Mathilde, Countess of Montenuovo (1822–c.1823)
5934:
5538:
4815:
4668:
3996:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
3655:
1138:to accompany Marie Louise to the spa town of
8:
4473:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
2986:
2984:
2677:
2675:
2638:
2636:
2626:
2624:
2605:
2603:
935:, for which he made her Honorary President.
473:from 11 April 1814 until her death in 1847.
3395:Potocka-WÄ…sowiczowa, Anna z TyszkiewiczĂłw.
3364:"Absburgo Lorena Maria Ludovica Leopoldine"
3073:"Habsburg, Maria Theresia von Neapel"
2928:
2926:
2924:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2866:
2864:
1450:Ancestors of Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
1022:The weakened French position triggered the
6311:Children of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
6103:Held in pretence, no implied sovereignty:
5941:
5927:
5919:
5545:
5531:
5523:
4822:
4808:
4800:
4675:
4661:
4653:
4330:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
3662:
3648:
3640:
3465:
3421:The Happy Days of the Empress Marie Louise
3252:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3205:de Bertier de Sauvigny, Guillaume (1998).
2787:
2785:
2783:
1455:
1446:
1358:have been replaced with Persian turquoise
956:Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte
40:
31:
4502:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
3908:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3878:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
3297:Napoleon and Marie-Louise: Fall of Empire
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2485:
2483:
4388:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
4260:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
4238:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
3305:"6 avril 1814: Abdication de Napoléon 1"
2827:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2351:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2251:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2216:
2214:
2195:
2193:
2156:
2154:
1381:and the Archduchess Marie Louise, c.1810
1295:
1180:
1150:When Napoleon escaped in March 1815 and
342:William Albert, 1st Prince of Montenuovo
313:
284:
68:Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla
1968:
1340:
981:, Marie Louise accompanied Napoleon to
590:. She was named after her grandmother,
4318:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
4280:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
4200:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
3245:
2072:
2070:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2013:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1822:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1576:
1464:
1460:
678:Maria Ludovika Beatrix of Austria-Este
354:
5684:Anna of Constantinople (900–905)
4630:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
4526:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
4427:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
4182:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
4006:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
3734:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
3728:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
1899:
1889:
1885:
1873:
1867:
1857:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1810:
1804:
1794:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1751:
1748:Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies
1745:
1735:
1718:
1708:
1704:
1680:
1670:
1653:
1643:
1639:
1627:
1621:
1611:
1594:
1584:
1580:
1564:
1558:
1548:
1531:
1521:
1517:
1505:
1499:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1305:Marital arms of Empress Marie Louise
1204:She and Neipperg had three children:
757:Marriage of Napoleon and Marie-Louise
719:Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia
280:
247:
7:
4589:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
4520:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
4432:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
3985:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
3963:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
3785:Maria, Duchess of JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
3368:Dizionario dei biografico Parmigiani
3278:. Turismo a Piacenza. Archived from
1078:Marie Louise and the court moved to
4712:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
4594:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
4563:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
4398:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
4324:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
4296:Maria Beatrix, Countess of MontizĂłn
4290:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
4228:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
4223:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
4112:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
4022:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
3740:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
3228:Marie-Louise: l'impératrice oubliée
1432:Sarcophagus of Marie Louise in the
163:Archduchess Marie Louise of Austria
4346:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
4206:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
3842:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
1807:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
1354:weigh 700 carats, the 79 original
802:The civil wedding was held at the
616:Victoire de Folliot de Crenneville
588:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
486:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
425:Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily
334:Napoleon II, Emperor of the French
251:
25:
5482:Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily
4558:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
4457:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
3958:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
3681:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
3671:Austrian archduchesses by descent
232:Napoleon I, Emperor of the French
151:1 April 1810 – 6 April 1814
6196:18th-century people from Bohemia
4725:
4707:Joséphine, Empress of the French
4532:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
4254:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
4194:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
4068:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
3948:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
3820:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
3261:Durand, Sophie Cohondet (1886).
1425:
1398:
1386:
1366:
1343:
1317:
1308:
1299:
977:In May 1812, a month before the
592:Marie Louise, Holy Roman Empress
444:
6191:18th-century women from Bohemia
5693:Anna of Provence (915–924)
4702:Napoleon, Emperor of the French
4409:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
4356:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
4341:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
4233:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
4170:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
4142:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
4078:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
3953:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
3546:as Queen of France and Navarre
3470:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
3423:. Miami: HardPress Publishing.
3419:de Saint-Amand, Imbert (2010).
3387:Marchi, Adele Vittoria (1988).
1902:Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
1534:Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
1086:and the Duchess of Montebello.
992:Marie Louise then travelled to
947:Marie Louise with her son, the
338:Countess Albertine von Neipperg
309:
276:
243:
4478:Helena, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
4148:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
4124:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
4063:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
3979:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
3936:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
3397:Wspomnienia naocznego świadka.
3328:. New York: Harper Perennial.
2701:Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)
1683:Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma
1561:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
1502:Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
1171:Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla
1108:Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla
987:Count Adam Albert von Neipperg
767:. Napoleon was represented by
604:Queen Maria Carolina of Naples
478:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
415:Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
346:Countess Mathilde von Neipperg
265:Count Adam Albert von Neipperg
1:
6306:Burials at the Imperial Crypt
6281:Princes of Parma and Piacenza
5233:Joan II, Countess of Burgundy
4846:List of French royal consorts
4537:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
4032:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
3696:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
3603:Duchess of Parma and Piacenza
3524:Empress consort of the French
3224:Chastenet, Geneviève (1983).
2286:Guffey, Elizabeth E. (2001).
1843:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1475:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
1253:1831 saw the outbreak of the
933:Société de Charité Maternelle
810:in the coronation coach. The
138:Empress consort of the French
51:
6206:19th-century Austrian people
5747:Berta di Luni (1002–14)
5742:Theophanu of Constantinople
5277:Joan I, Countess of Auvergne
4695:Emperor and immediate family
4484:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
4442:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
3769:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
3746:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
537:1814 Treaty of Fontainebleau
6296:Remarried empresses consort
6241:19th-century women monarchs
6221:19th-century Italian people
6201:19th-century Austrian women
6186:19th-century dukes of Parma
4285:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
3810:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
2103:Bertier de Sauvigny, p. 116
584:Archduke Francis of Austria
48:Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin
6347:
6261:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
6231:19th-century women regents
6226:19th-century Italian women
6216:19th-century French people
5639:Cunigunda of Laon (?)
5636:Bertha of Gellone (?)
5024:Desiderata of the Lombards
4636:also a princess of Tuscany
4584:Walburga, Countess Douglas
4452:Renata, Princess Radziwill
4378:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
3991:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
3903:Constance, Queen of Poland
3853:Elisabeth, Queen of France
3800:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
3795:Catherine, Queen of Poland
3775:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
3712:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
3475:House of Habsburg-Lorraine
3036:"Habsburg, Franz I."
1816:
1721:Charles III, King of Spain
1698:
1597:Charles III, King of Spain
1570:
1462:
1375:French Empire mantel clock
1156:Claude-François de Méneval
1012:Malet coup of October 1812
1010:attacks. After the failed
765:Augustinian Church, Vienna
723:Tsar Alexander I of Russia
632:War of the Third Coalition
529:War of the Sixth Coalition
510:War of the Fifth Coalition
6211:19th-century French women
6156:
6101:
5956:
5603:Gundiberga (626–652)
5560:
5509:
4835:
4787:
4723:
4642:also a princess of Modena
4618:
3763:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
3677:
3628:
3619:
3609:
3600:
3582:
3577:
3562:
3553:
3530:
3521:
3508:
3503:
3468:
3391:. Parma: Artegraf. Silva.
1958:Napoleon Diamond Necklace
1887:
1879:
1870:Maria Carolina of Austria
1851:
1828:
1824:
1788:
1765:
1757:
1729:
1706:
1702:
1664:
1641:
1633:
1605:
1582:
1578:
1542:
1519:
1511:
1483:
1466:
1323:Arms as Duchess of Parma
1314:Monogram of Marie Louise
1266:Charles-René de Bombelles
979:French invasion of Russia
913:Jeanne Charlotte du Luçay
721:, the youngest sister of
560:Charles-René de Bombelles
362:
353:
298:Charles-René de Bombelles
59:diamond and emerald crown
39:
5883:Joséphine de Beauharnais
5823:Isabella II of Jerusalem
5811:Beatrice of Hohenstaufen
5455:Marie Joséphine of Savoy
5430:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4830:Royal consorts of France
4684:Imperial House of France
4624:also an infanta of Spain
3898:Margaret, Queen of Spain
3868:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
3780:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
3517:Joséphine de Beauharnais
3320:Herman, Eleanor (2006).
3146:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3109:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3068:Wurzbach, Constantin von
3031:Wurzbach, Constantin von
1216:Batthyány von Németújvár
1136:Adam Albert von Neipperg
715:Joséphine de Beauharnais
548:Adam Albert von Neipperg
6291:Roman Catholic monarchs
6266:Queens consort of Italy
6256:Empresses of the French
5889:Marie Louise of Austria
5751:Cunigunde of Luxembourg
5606:Guntrude (712–744)
5582:Berthora (549–552)
4841:List of Frankish queens
3539:Marie Thérèse of France
3458:Die Welt der Habsburger
3438:Schiel, Imgard (1997).
3299:. New York: Brentano's.
2943:"Linati, Filippo Luigi"
2777:de Saint-Amand, p. viii
1100:Treaty of Fontainebleau
899:Première dame d'honneur
859:Claude-Fortuné Ruggieri
836:Grand Almoner of France
738:Prince of Schwarzenberg
653:, she became fluent in
582:on 12 December 1791 to
484:, and his second wife,
476:As the eldest child of
6158:* denotes titular Duke
5963:
5859:Elizabeth of Pomerania
5847:Margaret II of Hainaut
5799:Beatrice I of Burgundy
5673:Ageltrude of Benevento
5447:(1814–1815; 1815–1830)
5401:Maria Theresa of Spain
5089:Beatrice of Vermandois
4936:Brunhilda of Austrasia
4717:Napoleon, King of Rome
4508:Princess Maria Antonia
3556:Queen consort of Italy
3528:1810–1814; 1815
2948:6 January 2017 at the
2902:de Saint-Amand, p. xii
2741:de Saint-Amand, p. vii
2525:de Saint-Amand, p. 159
2516:de Saint-Amand, p. 155
2507:de Saint-Amand, p. 154
2498:de Saint-Amand, p. 148
2489:de Saint-Amand, p. 145
2477:de Saint-Amand, p. 141
2431:de Saint-Amand, p. 140
2422:de Saint-Amand, p. 129
2413:de Saint-Amand, p. 130
2404:de Saint-Amand, p. 128
2317:Elémens De Pyrotechnie
1780:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1656:Maria Amalia of Saxony
1197:
1186:
1084:Jean-Nicolas Corvisart
1018:Collapse of the Empire
958:, was given the title
951:
888:
799:
760:
388:
380:
372:
142:Queen consort of Italy
77:11 April 1814 –
6301:Daughters of emperors
5962:
5907:Marie-José of Belgium
5625:Fastrada of Franconia
5609:Tassia (744–749)
5163:Adelaide of Maurienne
5123:Adelaide of Aquitaine
5054:Ermentrude of Orléans
5044:Ermengarde of Hesbaye
4759:Eugène de Beauharnais
3924:Anna, Queen of France
3873:Anna, Queen of Poland
3343:Herre, Franz (1998).
3295:Geer, Walter (1925).
2831:de Saint-Amand, p. ix
2732:de Saint-Amand, p. vi
2534:Chastenet, p. 202–214
2468:de Saint-Amand, p. 98
2454:de Saint-Amand, p. 95
2395:de Saint-Amand, p. 61
2386:de Saint-Amand, p. 39
2377:de Saint-Amand, p. 94
2355:de Saint-Amand, p. 80
2343:de Saint-Amand, p. 76
2264:de Saint-Amand, p. 71
2255:de Saint-Amand, p. 70
2243:de Saint-Amand, p. 68
2229:de Saint-Amand, p. 63
2220:de Saint-Amand, p. 60
2208:de Saint-Amand, p. 47
2199:de Saint-Amand, p. 44
2187:de Saint-Amand, p. 42
2178:de Saint-Amand, p. 38
2169:de Saint-Amand, p. 40
2160:de Saint-Amand, p. 24
2148:de Saint-Amand, p. 22
2139:de Saint-Amand, p. 21
2130:de Saint-Amand, p. 20
2121:de Saint-Amand, p. 18
2112:de Saint-Amand, p. 15
2094:de Saint-Amand, p. 12
2085:de Saint-Amand, p. 10
1196:of Marie Louise, 1847
1192:
1184:
1002:was destroyed by the
946:
904:Duchess of Montebello
883:
848:Johann Nepomuk Hummel
797:
773:Empress of the French
751:
600:Empress Maria Theresa
586:and his second wife,
542:Marie Louise married
459:Empress of the French
6276:Nobility from Vienna
6236:19th-century regents
5877:Isabella of Portugal
5793:Richenza of Northeim
5655:Richilde of Provence
5337:Elisabeth of Austria
5327:Catherine de' Medici
5228:Clementia of Hungary
5223:Margaret of Burgundy
5203:Margaret of Provence
5183:Isabella of Hainault
5173:Constance of Castile
5168:Eleanor of Aquitaine
5158:Bertrade of Montfort
5059:Richilde of Provence
3888:Gregoria Maximiliana
3858:Margaret (1567–1633)
3848:Anna, Queen of Spain
3622:Duchess of Guastalla
3480:Cadet branch of the
3404:"Napoléon Bonaparte"
3347:. Milan: Mondadori.
3276:"Fiorenzuola d'Arda"
2768:de Saint-Amand, p. i
2714:de Saint-Amand, p. x
2076:de Saint-Amand, p. 8
2064:de Saint-Amand, p. 6
2055:de Saint-Amand, p. 5
2033:de Saint-Amand, p. 4
2019:de Saint-Amand, p. 3
1992:de Saint-Amand, p. 2
1978:de Saint-Amand, p. 1
1624:Maria Luisa of Spain
939:Birth of first child
917:extramarital affairs
884:Portrait in 1812 by
876:Marriage to Napoleon
861:, for 4,000 people.
708:on 12 October 1809,
706:Treaty of Schönbrunn
610:'s favorite sister.
594:. Her father became
494:revolutionary France
283:; died
250:; died
179:Archduchy of Austria
123:(Parma and Piacenza)
6331:Daughters of counts
6321:Mothers of emperors
6251:Bohemian princesses
6246:Austrian princesses
5901:Elena of Montenegro
5895:Margherita of Savoy
5871:Eleanor of Portugal
5841:Margaret of Brabant
5829:Isabella of England
5817:Constance of Aragon
5805:Constance of Sicily
5781:Constance of Sicily
5706:Marozia of Tusculum
5702:Alda (924–932)
5661:Richardis of Swabia
5649:Engelberga of Parma
5643:Ermengarde of Tours
5631:Luitgard of Sundgau
5243:Marie of Luxembourg
5238:Blanche of Burgundy
5188:Ingeborg of Denmark
5074:Théodrate of Troyes
4976:Balthild of Chelles
4688:First French Empire
4275:Elisabeth Franziska
3893:Eleanor (1582–1620)
3588:First French Empire
3571:Margherita of Savoy
1152:reinstated his rule
550:(married 1821), an
6316:Daughters of kings
5964:
5787:Matilda of England
5688:Bertila of Spoleto
5667:Bertila of Spoleto
5501:Eugénie de Montijo
5492:House of Bonaparte
5421:House of Bonaparte
5386:Margaret of Valois
5353:House of Lancaster
5342:Louise of Lorraine
5322:Eleanor of Austria
5297:Charlotte of Savoy
5287:Isabeau of Bavaria
5272:Blanche of Navarre
5208:Isabella of Aragon
5198:Blanche of Castile
5178:Adela of Champagne
5138:Constance of Arles
5133:Bertha of Burgundy
5099:Gerberga of Saxony
3592:Title last held by
3567:Title next held by
3535:Title next held by
3513:Title last held by
3442:. Milan: Loganesi.
3406:. Archontology.org
3362:Lasagna, Roberto.
3324:Sex with the Queen
3010:"Profumi di Parma"
2990:Schiel, p. 354–355
2978:Schiel, p. 345–347
2960:Fiorenzuola d'Arda
2044:Napoleon Bonaparte
2001:Cuthell, Edith E:
1405:Ten soldi coin of
1235:Duke of Reichstadt
1198:
1187:
1162:and was exiled to
1160:Battle of Waterloo
1145:Congress of Vienna
1112:Congress of Vienna
964:King of the Romans
952:
889:
816:Marshals of France
804:Saint James Church
800:
761:
644:Emperor of Austria
628:Napoleon Bonaparte
596:Holy Roman Emperor
574:) was born at the
525:invasion of Russia
498:Napoleon Bonaparte
482:Emperor of Austria
92:Jean-Jacques-RĂ©gis
6326:Duchesses regnant
6286:Regents of France
6163:
6162:
6094: (1854–1859)
6070: (1808-1814)
6069:
6056: (1808-1814)
6055:
6042: (1765–1802)
6006: (1694–1727)
5988: (1592–1622)
5916:
5915:
5897: (1878–1900)
5736:Adelaide of Italy
5718:Adelaide of Italy
5520:
5519:
5423:(1804–1814; 1815)
5406:Marie Leszczyńska
5366:Margaret of Anjou
5282:Joanna of Bourbon
5218:Joan I of Navarre
5153:Bertha of Holland
5143:Matilda of Frisia
5084:Eadgifu of Wessex
5064:Adelaide of Paris
5049:Judith of Bavaria
4797:
4796:
4650:
4649:
3863:Maria (1584–1649)
3638:
3637:
3629:Succeeded by
3610:Succeeded by
3549:
3483:House of Lorraine
3430:978-1-4076-4955-9
3335:978-0-06-084674-9
3209:. Paris: Fayard.
2999:Chastenet, p. 445
2893:Chastenet, p. 404
2884:Herre, p. 260–263
2870:Herre, p. 233–234
2579:Chastenet, p. 249
2561:Chastenet, p. 243
2543:Chastenet, p. 235
2440:Christine Adams,
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1327:
1326:
1090:Exile of Napoleon
973:Resumption of war
731:Count of Narbonne
727:Prince Metternich
700:Marriage proposal
624:Kingdom of Naples
620:French Revolution
508:. The end of the
506:Holy Roman Empire
452:
451:
435:Roman Catholicism
405:Habsburg-Lorraine
394:
393:
183:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
6338:
6150:* (2010–present)
6063:
6049:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5920:
5865:Barbara of Cilli
5853:Anna of Ĺšwidnica
5775:Eupraxia of Kiev
5757:Gisela of Swabia
5724:Willa of Tuscany
5712:Bertha of Swabia
5697:Bertha of Swabia
5547:
5540:
5533:
5524:
5473:House of Orléans
5445:House of Bourbon
5411:Marie Antoinette
5391:Marie de' Medici
5377:House of Bourbon
5317:Claude of France
5302:Anne of Brittany
5267:Joan of Burgundy
5213:Marie of Brabant
5193:Agnes of Merania
5014:Bertrada of Laon
4824:
4817:
4810:
4801:
4779:Lucien Bonaparte
4769:JĂ©rĂ´me Bonaparte
4744:Joseph Bonaparte
4729:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4654:
4496:Maria Inmaculata
4403:Maria Antonietta
4393:Maria Annunciata
3883:Catherine Renata
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3626:1814–1847
3607:1814–1847
3560:1810–1814
3543:
3499:
3498:17 December 1847
3492:
3491:12 December 1791
3466:
3462:
3443:
3434:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3392:
3383:
3381:
3379:
3374:on 14 March 2012
3370:. Archived from
3358:
3339:
3327:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3300:
3291:
3289:
3287:
3282:on 28 March 2012
3271:
3257:
3251:
3243:
3231:
3220:
3193:
3192:
3179:
3170:
3169:
3153:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3116:
3105:
3092:
3091:
3075:
3064:
3055:
3054:
3038:
3027:
3018:
3017:
3006:
3000:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2952:
2939:
2933:
2930:
2919:
2914:Markham, Felix,
2912:
2903:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2871:
2868:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2841:
2838:
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2808:
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2730:
2724:
2721:
2715:
2712:
2703:
2697:
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2670:
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2658:
2652:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2631:
2628:
2619:
2616:
2610:
2607:
2598:
2597:Archontology.org
2595:
2589:
2586:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2544:
2541:
2535:
2532:
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2523:
2517:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2496:
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2405:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2364:Markham, Felix,
2362:
2356:
2353:
2344:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2283:
2277:
2275:PAER, Ferdinando
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2244:
2241:
2230:
2227:
2221:
2218:
2209:
2206:
2200:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2034:
2031:
2020:
2017:
2008:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1456:
1447:
1429:
1402:
1390:
1370:
1347:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1296:
1222:
1185:Portrait in 1839
1177:Duchess of Parma
1045:Joseph Bonaparte
870:Marie-Antoinette
820:Tuileries Palace
785:Marie Antoinette
769:Archduke Charles
710:Emperor Napoleon
608:Marie Antoinette
471:Duchess of Parma
469:. She was then
448:
367:
355:
317:
315:
311:
288:
286:
282:
278:
255:
253:
249:
245:
195:
192:17 December 1847
172:12 December 1791
171:
169:
98:Charles-François
80:
79:17 December 1847
56:
53:
44:
32:
21:
6346:
6345:
6341:
6340:
6339:
6337:
6336:
6335:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6159:
6152:
6097:
6088: (1849–54)
6082: (1847–49)
6076: (1814–47)
6036: (1748–65)
6030: (1740–48)
6024: (1735–40)
6018: (1731–35)
6012: (1727–31)
6000: (1646–94)
5994: (1622–46)
5982: (1586–92)
5976: (1556–86)
5970: (1545–47)
5952:
5947:
5917:
5912:
5903: (1900–46)
5891: (1810–14)
5885: (1805–10)
5879: (1530–39)
5873: (1452–67)
5867: (1431–37)
5861: (1363–78)
5855: (1355–62)
5849: (1327–47)
5831: (1235–41)
5825: (1225–28)
5819: (1212–22)
5807: (1191–97)
5801: (1156–84)
5795: (1128–37)
5789: (1114–25)
5783: (1095–98)
5777: (1089–93)
5771: (1080–87)
5769:Bertha of Savoy
5765: (1043–56)
5763:Agnes of Poitou
5759: (1026–39)
5753: (1004–24)
5744: (972–983)
5738: (951–973)
5732: (957–963)
5726: (950–953)
5720: (948–950)
5714: (937–948)
5708: (932–933)
5699: (922–926)
5690: (905–915)
5681: (896–899)
5679:Ota of Neustria
5675: (889–894)
5669: (888–889)
5663: (879–888)
5657: (875–877)
5651: (851–875)
5645: (821–851)
5633: (794–800)
5627: (784–794)
5621: (774–783)
5615: (756–774)
5600: (589–616)
5594: (567–573)
5579: (536–540)
5573: (526–534)
5567: (493–526)
5556:
5554:Queens of Italy
5551:
5521:
5516:
5505:
5486:
5467:
5439:
5415:
5396:Anne of Austria
5371:
5346:
5258:House of Valois
5252:
5128:Rozala of Italy
5108:
4999:
4990:
4851:
4850:
4831:
4828:
4798:
4793:
4783:
4764:Elisa Bonaparte
4749:Louis Bonaparte
4730:
4721:
4690:
4681:
4651:
4646:
4614:
4603:18th generation
4598:
4572:17th generation
4567:
4546:16th generation
4541:
4466:15th generation
4461:
4366:14th generation
4361:
4306:13th generation
4301:
4216:12th generation
4211:
4158:11th generation
4153:
4118:Maria Elisabeth
4094:Maria Elisabeth
4087:10th generation
4082:
4051:
4047:Maria Magdalena
4027:Maria Elisabeth
4010:
3967:
3912:
3824:
3751:
3716:
3700:
3684:
3673:
3668:
3634:
3625:
3615:
3606:
3593:
3590:
3568:
3559:
3542:
3536:
3527:
3514:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3471:
3460:
3450:
3437:
3431:
3418:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3361:
3355:
3342:
3336:
3319:
3310:
3308:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3260:
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3240:
3223:
3217:
3204:
3201:
3196:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3144:
3143:
3136:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3066:
3065:
3058:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:madeinparma.com
3008:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2950:Wayback Machine
2940:
2936:
2931:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2901:
2897:
2892:
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2259:
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2247:
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2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2212:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2191:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2173:
2168:
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2159:
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2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2023:
2018:
2011:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1966:
1954:
1949:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1421:
1403:
1394:
1391:
1382:
1371:
1362:
1348:
1339:
1322:
1313:
1304:
1294:
1274:
1220:
1179:
1132:
1092:
1024:Sixth Coalition
1020:
975:
941:
894:
892:Life as Empress
878:
840:Ferdinando Paer
826:chapel (in the
746:
702:
682:Duchy of Modena
568:
383:
375:
363:
349:
320:
319:
307:
303:
300:
290:
274:
270:
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257:
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216:
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6077:
6071:
6057:
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6037:
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6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5950:Dukes of Parma
5948:
5946:
5945:
5938:
5931:
5923:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5904:
5898:
5892:
5886:
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5784:
5778:
5772:
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5754:
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5703:
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5646:
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5527:
5518:
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5510:
5507:
5506:
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5503:
5497:
5495:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5478:
5476:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5465:
5458:
5450:
5448:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5437:
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5424:
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5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5382:
5380:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5361:
5359:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5307:Joan of France
5304:
5299:
5294:
5292:Marie of Anjou
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5250:
5248:Joan of Évreux
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5114:House of Capet
5110:
5109:
5107:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5094:Emma of France
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5056:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
4992:
4991:
4989:
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4963:
4958:
4953:
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4938:
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4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4862:
4860:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4804:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4736:French Princes
4732:
4731:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4672:
4665:
4657:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4632:
4626:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
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4586:
4581:
4575:
4573:
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4505:
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4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
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4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4265:Maria Caroline
4262:
4257:
4251:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4145:
4139:
4133:
4127:
4121:
4115:
4109:
4106:Maria Carolina
4103:
4097:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4056:9th generation
4053:
4052:
4050:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4015:8th generation
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3975:
3973:
3972:7th generation
3969:
3968:
3966:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3933:
3927:
3920:
3918:
3917:6th generation
3914:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3839:
3832:
3830:
3829:5th generation
3826:
3825:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3766:
3759:
3757:
3756:4th generation
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3724:
3722:
3721:3rd generation
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3708:
3706:
3705:2nd generation
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3690:
3689:1st generation
3686:
3685:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3627:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3599:
3591:
3586:
3580:
3579:
3578:Regnal titles
3575:
3574:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3534:
3529:
3520:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3500:
3479:
3472:
3469:
3464:
3463:
3449:
3448:External links
3446:
3445:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3416:
3400:
3393:
3389:Vienna e Parma
3384:
3359:
3353:
3340:
3334:
3317:
3307:. Herodote.net
3301:
3292:
3272:
3258:
3238:
3221:
3215:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3171:
3148:, ed. (1861).
3134:
3111:, ed. (1861).
3093:
3070:, ed. (1861).
3056:
3033:, ed. (1860).
3019:
3001:
2992:
2980:
2971:
2969:Schiel, p. 333
2962:
2953:
2934:
2932:Herre, 279–280
2920:
2904:
2895:
2886:
2872:
2860:
2858:Marchi, p. 201
2851:
2842:
2833:
2809:
2807:Herman, p. 236
2793:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2759:Durand, p. 165
2752:
2750:Durand, p. 164
2743:
2734:
2725:
2723:Durand, p. 153
2716:
2704:
2692:
2690:Durand, p. 143
2683:
2681:Durand, p. 138
2671:
2662:
2660:Durand, p. 136
2653:
2651:Durand, p. 135
2644:
2642:Durand, p. 129
2632:
2630:Durand, p. 128
2620:
2618:Durand, p. 125
2611:
2609:Durand, p. 124
2599:
2590:
2588:Durand, p. 121
2581:
2572:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2536:
2527:
2518:
2509:
2500:
2491:
2479:
2470:
2456:
2447:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2388:
2379:
2370:
2357:
2345:
2331:
2305:
2298:
2278:
2266:
2257:
2245:
2231:
2222:
2210:
2201:
2189:
2180:
2171:
2162:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2096:
2087:
2078:
2066:
2057:
2048:
2035:
2021:
2009:
1994:
1980:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
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1872:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1859:
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1850:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1836:
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1832:
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1829:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1821:
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1812:
1811:
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1803:
1800:
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1796:
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1787:
1784:
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1776:
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1772:
1769:
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1766:
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1600:
1593:
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1579:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
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1563:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1434:Imperial Crypt
1431:
1424:
1422:
1404:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1383:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1349:
1342:
1338:
1335:
1331:Acqua di Parma
1325:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1293:
1290:
1286:Imperial Crypt
1273:
1270:
1228:morganatically
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:William Albert
1209:
1178:
1175:
1131:
1128:
1124:Maria Carolina
1102:exiled him to
1091:
1088:
1032:United Kingdom
1019:
1016:
1004:Russian Winter
974:
971:
940:
937:
893:
890:
886:Robert Lefèvre
877:
874:
812:Imperial Guard
777:Queen of Italy
753:Georges Rouget
745:
742:
701:
698:
576:Hofburg Palace
567:
564:
556:William Albert
544:morganatically
463:Queen of Italy
450:
449:
442:
438:
437:
432:
428:
427:
422:
418:
417:
412:
408:
407:
402:
396:
395:
392:
391:
360:
359:
351:
350:
348:
347:
344:
339:
336:
330:
328:
322:
321:
305:
301:
296:
295:
294:
293:
272:
268:
263:
262:
261:
260:
239:
235:
230:
229:
228:
227:
224:
222:
218:
217:
214:Imperial Crypt
212:
210:
206:
205:
203:Duchy of Parma
196:(aged 56)
190:
186:
185:
161:
157:
156:
153:
152:
149:
145:
144:
134:
133:
131:
130:
124:
117:
115:
111:
110:
108:
107:
101:
95:
88:
86:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
57:. She wears a
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6343:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6155:
6149:
6146:
6144:* (1977–2010)
6143:
6140:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6128:
6125:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6108:* (1859–1907)
6107:
6104:
6100:
6093:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6081:
6080:Charles Louis
6078:
6075:
6072:
6067:
6061:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6032:
6029:
6028:Maria Theresa
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6014:
6011:
6008:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5996:
5993:
5990:
5987:
5984:
5981:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5961:
5955:
5951:
5944:
5939:
5937:
5932:
5930:
5925:
5924:
5921:
5908:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5896:
5893:
5890:
5887:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5872:
5869:
5866:
5863:
5860:
5857:
5854:
5851:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5839:
5837: (1244?)
5836:
5835:Bianca Lancia
5833:
5830:
5827:
5824:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5752:
5749:
5746:
5743:
5740:
5737:
5734:
5731:
5728:
5725:
5722:
5719:
5716:
5713:
5710:
5707:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5665:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5635:
5632:
5629:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5611:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5599:
5596:
5593:
5590:
5587:
5584:
5581:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5569:
5566:
5563:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5525:
5514:
5508:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5462:Marie-Thérèse
5459:
5457:
5456:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5354:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5255:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
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5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
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5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5111:
5105:
5104:Emma of Italy
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5002:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4977:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4954:
4952:
4949:
4947:
4944:
4942:
4939:
4937:
4934:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4854:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4834:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4802:
4792:
4791:vassal states
4786:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4754:Joachim Murat
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4685:
4678:
4673:
4671:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4658:
4655:
4643:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4631:
4627:
4625:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
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4574:
4570:
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4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4515:
4512:
4509:
4506:
4503:
4500:
4497:
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4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4415:Maria Theresa
4413:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Marie Valerie
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4308:
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4294:
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4288:
4286:
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4266:
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4255:
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4224:
4221:
4220:
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4214:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4198:
4195:
4192:
4189:
4186:
4183:
4180:
4177:
4174:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4165:Maria Theresa
4163:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4149:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4137:
4136:Maria Josepha
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
4122:
4119:
4116:
4113:
4110:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Maria Theresa
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4054:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:Maria Josepha
4040:
4038:
4037:Maria Theresa
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3986:
3983:
3980:
3977:
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3974:
3970:
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3928:
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3915:
3909:
3906:
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3869:
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3840:
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3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
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3791:
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3786:
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3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3770:
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3735:
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3729:
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3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
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3526:
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3518:
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3507:
3504:Royal titles
3502:
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3356:
3354:88-04-42133-9
3350:
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3306:
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3298:
3293:
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3259:
3255:
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3239:2-277-22024-8
3235:
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3216:2-213-60267-0
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2855:
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2849:Herre, p. 236
2846:
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2840:Herre, p. 219
2837:
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2826:
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2573:
2570:Herre, p. 159
2567:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2552:Herre, p. 154
2549:
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2540:
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2042:Schom, Alan.
2039:
2036:
2030:
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2016:
2014:
2010:
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1413:and her "ML"
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1194:Daguerreotype
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1137:
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1096:Fontainebleau
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514:French Empire
511:
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487:
483:
479:
474:
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468:
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455:Marie Louise
447:
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69:
65:
60:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6074:Marie Louise
6073:
6065:
6051:
5909: (1946)
5888:
5843: (1311)
5813: (1212)
5588: (560s)
5571:Amalasuintha
5512:
5460:
5453:
5435:Marie Louise
5434:
5364:
5356:
5351:
5148:Anne of Kiev
4996:Carolingians
4971:Bertechildis
4857:Merovingians
4774:Joseph Fesch
4711:
4641:
4635:
4629:
4623:
4222:
4188:Maria Amalia
3620:
3601:
3594:
3583:
3569:
3563:
3554:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3531:
3522:
3515:
3509:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3457:
3454:Marie Louise
3439:
3420:
3408:. Retrieved
3396:
3388:
3376:. Retrieved
3372:the original
3367:
3344:
3323:
3309:. Retrieved
3296:
3284:. Retrieved
3280:the original
3268:
3263:
3227:
3206:
3188:
3183:
3161:
3155:
3124:
3118:
3083:
3077:
3046:
3040:
3013:
3004:
2995:
2974:
2965:
2956:
2937:
2915:
2898:
2889:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2695:
2686:
2669:Herodote.net
2665:
2656:
2647:
2614:
2593:
2584:
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2539:
2530:
2521:
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2473:
2450:
2441:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2391:
2382:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2322:. Retrieved
2316:
2308:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2269:
2260:
2225:
2204:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2060:
2051:
2043:
2038:
2002:
1997:
1682:
1328:
1283:
1275:
1263:
1252:
1248:tuberculosis
1244:Saint Helena
1234:
1232:
1225:
1203:
1199:
1168:
1164:Saint Helena
1149:
1133:
1116:
1093:
1077:
1073:Henri Clarke
1065:
1061:
1036:
1021:
999:Grande Armée
997:
991:
976:
968:
960:King of Rome
959:
953:
949:King of Rome
930:
926:
922:
909:Dame d'atour
907:
897:
895:
863:
852:
832:Joseph Fesch
801:
781:
762:
756:
735:
703:
686:
675:
648:
612:
571:
569:
541:
522:
475:
454:
453:
194:(1847-12-17)
85:Predecessors
46:Portrait by
35:Marie Louise
29:
18:Maria Luigia
6181:1847 deaths
6176:1791 births
6142:Carlos Hugo
6138:* (1974–77)
6132:* (1959–74)
6126:* (1950–59)
6120:* (1939–50)
6114:* (1907–39)
6086:Charles III
5998:Ranuccio II
5598:Theodelinda
5494:(1852–1870)
5475:(1830–1848)
5379:(1589–1792)
5357:(1422–1453)
5332:Mary Stuart
5260:(1328–1589)
4986:Chrothildis
4966:Wulfefundis
4961:Ragintrudis
4916:Austregilde
4911:Theudechild
4248:Maria Luisa
3461:(in German)
2699:Article V,
824:Salon Carré
518:Napoleon II
129:(Guastalla)
106:(Guastalla)
55: 1812
6170:Categories
6046:Cambacérès
6022:Charles II
5986:Ranuccio I
5968:Pier Luigi
5586:Chlothsind
5577:Matasuntha
5312:Mary Tudor
5116:(987–1328)
5001:Robertians
4951:Gomentrude
4926:Galswintha
4871:Ultragotha
4313:Maria Anna
4243:Maria Anna
4176:Maria Anna
4100:Maria Anna
3613:Charles II
3207:Metternich
3199:References
3166:Wikisource
3129:Wikisource
3088:Wikisource
3051:Wikisource
1379:Napoleon I
1120:Schönbrunn
1049:Talleyrand
638:and later
566:Early life
177:, Vienna,
168:1791-12-12
121:Charles II
114:Successors
100:(Piacenza)
6130:Robert II
6040:Ferdinand
6016:Charles I
6004:Francesco
5980:Alexander
5619:Hildegard
5565:Audofleda
5079:Frederuna
5069:Richardis
5029:Hildegard
5007:(751–987)
4981:Bilichild
4931:Fredegund
4906:Marcovefa
4901:Merofleda
4896:Ingoberga
4859:(509–751)
3942:Margarita
3790:Magdalena
3596:Ferdinand
3248:cite book
3232:. Paris.
2941:Lasagni,
1360:cabochons
1255:Carbonari
1240:Josephine
1008:guerrilla
866:Louis XVI
844:a cantata
789:Compiègne
441:Signature
365:‹See Tfd›
127:Francis V
6092:Robert I
6066:Piacenza
5730:Gerberga
5592:Rosamund
5039:Luitgard
5034:Fastrada
5019:Gerberga
5005:Bosonids
4956:Nanthild
4946:Sichilde
4941:Bertrude
4921:Audovera
4881:Radegund
4876:Guntheuc
4866:Clotilde
4610:Eleonore
4579:Gabriela
4553:Adelheid
4447:Eleonora
4336:Mathilda
3805:Margaret
2946:Archived
2918:, p. 249
2916:Napoleon
2366:Napoleon
2046:. p. 548
1952:See also
1442:Ancestry
1436:, Vienna
1415:monogram
1356:emeralds
1352:diamonds
1279:pleurisy
1259:Piacenza
1069:Bourbons
687:Another
502:dissolve
467:Napoleon
431:Religion
6010:Antonio
5992:Odoardo
5974:Ottavio
5513:italics
4891:Aregund
4686:of the
4514:Assunta
4490:Dolores
4270:Hermine
4130:Johanna
3632:Francis
3410:21 July
3378:21 July
3311:21 July
3286:22 July
2791:Lasagna
2368:, p.245
2324:31 July
1419:reverse
1417:on the
1411:obverse
1337:Gallery
1057:Leipzig
1037:de jure
1028:Prussia
983:Dresden
744:Wedding
671:Spanish
663:Italian
655:English
640:Galicia
636:Hungary
552:equerry
490:Austria
385:Italian
318:
306:
302:
289:
273:
269:
256:
240:
236:
221:Spouses
175:Hofburg
104:Pauline
94:(Parma)
6148:Carlos
6136:Xavier
6118:Joseph
6106:Robert
6062:
6060:Lebrun
6048:
6034:Philip
4886:Ingund
4373:Sophie
3815:Helena
3584:Vacant
3564:Vacant
3532:Vacant
3510:Vacant
3494:
3427:
3351:
3332:
3269:regen.
3236:
3213:
2296:
2007:, 1911
1782:(= 11)
1723:(= 10)
1658:(= 13)
1599:(= 12)
1536:(= 15)
1477:(= 14)
1098:. The
1053:Savary
1041:Lebrun
994:Prague
902:, the
855:masque
842:, and
828:Louvre
759:(1811)
669:, and
659:French
651:German
630:. The
580:Vienna
535:. The
421:Mother
411:Father
377:French
369:German
312:
279:
246:
209:Burial
148:Tenure
6124:Elias
6112:Henry
6052:Parma
3930:MarĂa
3496:Died:
3489:Born:
3187:[
3160:[
3123:[
3082:[
3045:[
1964:Notes
1904:(= 9)
1845:(= 8)
1407:Parma
1272:Death
1080:Blois
808:Paris
667:Latin
400:House
358:Names
326:Issue
316:)
308:(
304:
287:)
275:(
271:
254:)
242:(
238:
199:Parma
74:Reign
5613:Ansa
5003:and
3425:ISBN
3412:2011
3380:2011
3349:ISBN
3330:ISBN
3313:2011
3288:2011
3254:link
3234:ISBN
3211:ISBN
2326:2019
2294:ISBN
1900:15.
1841:14.
1778:13.
1719:12.
1654:11.
1595:10.
1292:Arms
1104:Elba
1051:and
1006:and
868:and
775:and
694:Buda
533:Elba
504:the
492:and
480:and
461:and
314:1834
285:1829
281:1821
252:1821
248:1810
189:Died
160:Born
4628:**
3456:at
1868:7.
1805:3.
1746:6.
1681:1.
1622:5.
1559:2.
1532:9.
1500:4.
1473:8.
846:by
689:war
578:in
6172::
4640:#
4634:^
4622:*
3981:**
3944:**
3938:**
3932:**
3926:**
3844:**
3838:**
3366:.
3250:}}
3246:{{
3174:^
3154:.
3137:^
3117:.
3096:^
3076:.
3059:^
3039:.
3022:^
3012:.
2983:^
2923:^
2907:^
2875:^
2863:^
2812:^
2796:^
2782:^
2707:^
2674:^
2635:^
2623:^
2602:^
2482:^
2459:^
2348:^
2334:^
2248:^
2234:^
2213:^
2192:^
2153:^
2069:^
2024:^
2012:^
1983:^
1971:^
1373:A
1288:.
1281:.
1250:.
1114:.
1047:,
1043:,
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