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be able to be used in the early evening (para. 39). Though not the first solar oven invented of this type (in India one was being used in low quantities for $ 14), its "simplicity and cheapness"(para. 3) was its hallmark with a projected cost of $ 5 in 1954. Using a tightly insulated box, four mirrors, a glass window, and "a special heat-absorbing chemical"(para. 3), it reached 350 degrees
Fahrenheit (177 degrees Celsius) within 30 minutes. She was appointed Solar Research Director in 1958 for Curtis-Wright Corp. and New York University, over joint and separate solar energy projects.
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645:“I have been intensively interested in Chemistry and Physics during my high school days. My aim was toe develop new energy sources, especially the use of Solar Energy. I have studied with this aim in mind, and nothing could have stopped me from working in this field. If I have succeeded to some extent, I feel that I enjoyed my scientific work more than any other activity.”
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read an influential book, "Energy
Sources of the Future" by Kornel Zelowitch. She said that book influenced her in deciding to go to the United States, since most solar energy work was being done there at that time. Her academic pursuits continued as she pursued a Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the University of Budapest, completing her doctoral studies in 1924.
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achievement award from the
National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council, also an award from Building Research Advisory Board, underscoring the lasting impact of her work. These honors reflect the profound and lasting impact of her pioneering work in harnessing solar energy for practical and life-changing applications.
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Hottel, as chairman of the solar energy fund at MIT, originally supported Telkes's approach. He wrote that "Dr. Telkes' contribution may make a big difference in the outcome of our project". However, he was both less interested in and more skeptical about solar power, compared to Telkes. Telkes, like
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of $ 45,000 to develop a solar-powered oven so people who lack the technology around the world would be able to heat things. The project criteria included: "it had to be able to cook, boil, and bake according to any local custom", "durable, portable, and simple to use and clean", cheap, and it must
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From an early age, Telkes was interested in chemistry, making her own chemistry set at age 10. Her father encouraged her explorations. Raised in
Budapest, she embarked on a journey in physical chemistry at the University of Budapest, earning her Bachelor of Arts in 1920. In her first year there, she
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Telkes's outstanding contributions were acknowledged through numerous accolades, including the prestigious
Society of Women Engineers’ Achievement Award and the Charles Greely Abbot Award from the International Solar Energy Society. Later in her career, at the age of 77, Telkes received a lifetime
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Becoming an
American citizen in 1937 marked a pivotal moment in Telkes's life. That same year, she transitioned to a research engineer role at Westinghouse Electric, where she initially focused on developing instruments converting heat into electrical energy. Her venture into solar energy research
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Throughout her illustrious career, Mária Telkes amassed an impressive collection of twenty patents (some sources say 50), spanning diverse methods related to heating, cooling, and heat storage technologies. Her groundbreaking contributions to the field of solar energy earned her the affectionate
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Her most notable innovation was the invention of the solar distiller and the development of the first solar-powered heating system designed for residential use. In addition, Telkes also devised various devices capable of harnessing and utilizing energy stored from sunlight.
456:, dean of science at MIT, called for a review of the solar fund at MIT, due to concerns about its lack of productivity. The resulting report tended to promote Hottel's views and disparaged both Cabot and Telkes. Telkes was fired by MIT in 1953 after the report came out.
412:, Telkes was reassigned to the metallurgy department, where she continued her work on thermocouples. Although she was no longer involved in the MIT solar fund, Cabot would have liked her to return. He encouraged her to continue working on the problem independently.
449:. By the third winter, there were problems with the Glauber's salt: it had stratified into layers of liquid and solid, and its containers were corroded and leaking. The owners removed the solar heating system from their house, replacing it with an oil furnace.
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The system worked with the sunlight passing through glass windows, which would heat the air inside the glass. This heated air then passed through a metal sheet into another air space. From there, fans moved the air to a storage compartment filled with the salt
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For this work, she received a
Certificate of Merit in 1945 from the OSRD and on March 15, 1952, the Society of Women Engineers awarded her their first Achievement Award "for her wartime method of distilling water from salt water by solar heat."
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moniker of the "Sun Queen," a title that reflected her unparalleled dedication and leadership in harnessing solar power .Her inventive prowess and dedication to advancing sustainable solutions marked her as a trailblazer in the field.
483:. Next, she worked on materials for use in extreme conditions, such as space, at Cryo-Therm (1961–1963) as Director of Research and Development (para. 5). This work included helping to develop materials for use in the
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that absorb or release heat when they change from solid to liquid. She hoped to use phase-change materials like molten salts for storing thermal energy in active heating systems. One of her materials of choice was
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She was a member of the
Chemical Society, the Electrochemical Society, the Solar Energy Society (Board of Directors), Sigma Xi, and the Business and Professional Women’s Club, Society of Women Engineers.
194:, deployed at the end of the war, which saved the lives of downed airmen and torpedoed sailors. Her goal was to create a version for villagers in poor and arid regions. Telkes, often called by colleagues
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machine, completing a prototype in 1942. It came to be one of her most notable inventions because it helped soldiers get clean water in difficult situations and also helped solve water problems in the
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In 1946, the group tried to use
Glauber's salt in the design of their second solar house. Hottel and others blamed Telkes for problems with the material. In spite of support from university president
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tömeges terjesztése érdekében és 1881-ban megalakította a Központi Névmagyarosító Társaságot, amelynek elnöke is lett. Rubin családi nevét 1881-ben változtatta
Telkesre. Két évvel később belépett az
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as an adjunct professor of Energy Conversion with a goal of substituting clean sun energy for "some of the polluting fuels". She began to study electricity-generating
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Telkes aimed to address the reliance on traditional heating methods, often powered by non-renewable energy sources. Her work sought to provide sustainable and
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Telkes moved to the United States in 1924, and visited a relative who was the Hungarian consul in Cleveland, Ohio. There, she was hired to work at the
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Telkes worked from 1937 to 1939 as a physicist at Westinghouse Electrical and Manufacturing Company in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. She developed metal
491:, specifically to help maintain constant temperatures for optimum missile functionality. From 1963–1969, she worked as director of solar energy at
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to investigate the energy produced by living organisms. Telkes did some research while working at the foundation, and under the leadership of
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428:. The system was designed so that Glauber's salt would melt in the sun, trap the heat, and then release it as it cooled and hardened.
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Telkes was known to say “You see, sunshine isn’t lethal – except perhaps in the form of sunburn” (SWE Achievement Award Citation)
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532:. She continued inventing and filing patents into her 80s, and died August 13, 1996, at the age of 95, in North Miami, Florida.
213:, by storing energy each day. In 1953 they created a solar oven for people at various latitudes that could be used by children.
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505:"It is the things supposed to be impossible that interest me. I like to do things they say cannot be done." Mária Telkes, 1942.
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Another solar house was built in Princeton NJ using the solar energy and thermal storage system developed by Telkes.
1647:
Tietjen, Jill S.; Bailey, Margaret (2022). "Energetic Trailblazers: Kate Gleason, Edith Clarke, and Mária Telkes".
227:, subsequently receiving a Building Research Advisory Board Award in 1977. Telkes registered more than 20 patents.
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For the first two years the house was successful, receiving tremendous publicity and drawing crowds of visitors.
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356:, the United States government, noting Telkes's expertise, recruited her to serve as a civilian advisor to the
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College of Engineering where she continued to conduct solar energy research. Telkes received a grant from the
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as the most "critical problem" facing designers of a workable solar-heated house. One of her specialties was
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in 1924. However, her life took a turn when, after visiting a relative who served as the Hungarian consul in
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1977 – Building Research Advisory Board for “significant contributions to building science and technology
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cells. In 1971 she helped to build the first house to generate both heat and electricity from the sun.
1593:"Preliminary Inventory of the Maria Telkes Papers 1893-2000 (Bulk 1950s-1980s) Telkes, (Maria) Papers"
405:, was a "fervent believer in solar energy". There were personality clashes between Hottel and Telkes.
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554:"In recognition of (her) outstanding contributions to the utilization of solar energy for humankind"
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1624:. Killeen Daily Herald. Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library.
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Telkes spent several years in industry. Initially, she was the director of solar energy at the
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Telkes published over 100 papers, wrote book chapters, and ultimately some 50 patents.
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436:). These compartments were in between the walls, heating the house as the salt cooled.
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began in 1939. As part of the Solar Energy Conversion Project at MIT, she investigated
1338:. N.Y. Herald. Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
1271:
Mayer, J., Hafner, K. & The Lost Women of Science Initiative (November 16, 2023).
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faith. In 1907 he was elevated to the Hungarian nobility, with the prefix kelenföldi.
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In 1948, Telkes started working on the Dover Sun House; she teamed up with architect
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Method and Apparatus for Storing and Releasing Heat: No. 2,808,494. October 1, 1957.
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Proceedings of the First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
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1451:. Society of Women Engineers Records, Box 193, Folder 9. Walter P. Reuther Library
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In January 1977, moving to Texas, she joined the Solar Energy Department of the
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368:. However, its initial deployment was delayed until the end of the war because
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for five years. During World War II, she worked as a civilian advisor for the
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1402:"First International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists. (program)"
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446:
17:
837:"How Mária Telkes Became 'The Sun Queen' | National Inventors Hall of Fame"
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to develop and build the first fully solar-powered home, Carlisle House in
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Following her educational achievements, Telkes became an instructor at the
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systems. After the war, she became an associate research professor at MIT.
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Composition of Matter for the Storage of Heat: No. 2,677,664. May 4, 1954
236:
65:
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International Astronomical Union - WG Small Bodies Nomenclature Bulletin
771:"The Sun Queen and the Skeptic: Building the World's First Solar Houses"
711:"Mária Telkes | American physical chemist and biophysicist | Britannica"
616:
Method and Apparatus for the Storage of Heat: No. 2,677,243. May 4, 1954
1568:"PBS documentary looks at the life of solar power pioneer Mária Telkes"
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
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Society of Women Engineers Records, LR001539. Walter P. Reuther Library
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131:
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repeatedly re-negotiated the manufacturing contracts for the machine.
1432:
Regents of the University of California, ed. (2016). "Maria Telkes".
243:, in 1900 to Aladár and Mária (née Lábán) de Telkes. Her grandfather
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alternatives, particularly in the context of residential heating.
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183:. She became an American citizen in 1937 and started work at the
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In 1969 Telkes joined the Institute of Energy Conversion at the
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168:(December 12, 1900 – December 2, 1995) was a Hungarian-American
1091:"Maria Telkes, 95, an Innovator Of Varied Uses for Solar Power"
802:"Maria Telkes, 95, an Innovator Of Varied Uses for Solar Power"
607:
Radiant Energy Heat Transfer Device: No. 2,595,905. May 6, 1952
1245:"Google Doodle Pays Tribute to Mária Telkes — "The Sun Queen""
1232:. Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. March 17, 1952.
630:, Design and the Arts Special Collections, in Tempe, Arizona.
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hailed it as perhaps more important, scientifically, than the
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powered by sunlight. She was at MIT for 13 years and then for
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1952 – Inaugural Society of Women Engineers Achievement Award
550:
1977 – Charles Greeley Abbot Award, American Section of the
290:, they invented a photoelectric mechanism that could record
1206:"Mária Telkes | American physical chemist and biophysicist"
424:, with the project financed by philanthropist and sculptor
544:
1945 – OSRD Certificate of Merit for the Desalination Unit
499:
International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
1497:"NIHF Inductee Maria Telkes Invented Solar Power Storage"
684:"NIHF Inductee Maria Telkes Invented Solar Power Storage"
965:
SPIE - The International Society of Optics and Photonics
187:(MIT) to create practical uses of solar energy in 1939.
1477:. Society of Women Engineers. May–June 1977. p. 14
1434:
Earth and Sun Science Resources -- FOSS Next Generation
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the family name to Telkes. In 1883 he converted to the
223:
She was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the
1336:"$ 5 Stove Traps Sun's Rays to Bake, Broil, and Cook"
1273:"This Biophysicist 'Sun Queen' Harnessed Solar Power"
27:
Hungarian-American scientist and inventor (1900–1995)
1359:"Dr. Maria Telkes appointed Solar Research Director"
179:
She moved to the United States in 1925 to work as a
360:(OSRD). There, she developed a solar-powered water
294:. They also worked together to write a book called
137:
127:
105:
95:
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51:
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1471:"BRAB honors Telkes for significant contributions"
1035:.Keresztény Magvető (1883) 1907. szeptember 17-én
216:In 1952, Telkes became the first recipient of the
274:, she decided to immigrate to the United States.
540:Telkes was recognized many times for her work.
503:
626:Telkes's papers are in the collections of the
536:Awards, accolades, honors, professional groups
209:created one of the first solar-heated houses,
610:Heat Storage Unit: No. 2,677,367. May 4, 1954
358:Office of Scientific Research and Development
331:Office of Scientific Research and Development
8:
1289:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
986:"Telkes Aladárné Lábán Mária gyászjelentése"
705:
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1709:American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
1449:"Letter to B. Krohn, SWE Newsletter Editor"
1436:. Madison WI: Delta Education. p. 117.
1651:. Women in Engineering and Science: 3–23.
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1642:. solarhousehistory.com. 17 April 2023.
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961:"Mária Telkes: All hail the Sun Queen"
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909:"Maria Telkes | Lemelson-MIT Program"
190:During World War II, she developed a
185:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
146:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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872:. Infobase Publishing. p. 714.
1089:Saxon, Wolfgang (August 13, 1996).
467:By 1953, Telkes was working at the
1724:Hungarian people of Jewish descent
1373:"Contribution of Dr. Maria Telkes"
1122:"Telkes, Maria | Encyclopedia.com"
990:(Death notice for Aladárné Telkes)
552:International Solar Energy Society
25:
1447:Telkes, Marie (August 19, 1977).
574:Telkes' work was recognized in a
522:American Technological University
1566:Gomez, Adrian. (April 2, 2023).
1230:"MIT Woman Wins Sea Still Award"
1064:"Only Human: Harnessing the Sun"
870:Encyclopedia of World Scientists
628:Arizona State University Library
1759:20th-century American inventors
1649:Women in Mechanical Engineering
1414:from the original on 2014-11-05
1062:Fields, Simon (June 19, 1964).
562:National Inventors Hall of Fame
497:In 1964 she spoke at the first
205:In the 1940s she and architect
192:solar water distillation device
110:National Inventors Hall of Fame
1694:20th-century American chemists
800:Saxon, Wolfgang (1996-08-13).
1:
1361:. Society of Women Engineers.
769:Rinde, Meir (July 14, 2020).
1622:"Research to Join CTC Staff"
1357:Newsletter (November 1958).
959:Weerts, Gwen (1 July 2021).
864:Oakes, Elizabeth H. (2007).
622:Plus ten additional patents.
251:family. In 1881, her father
225:National Academy of Sciences
1729:Hungarian physical chemists
1657:10.1007/978-3-030-91546-9_1
1334:Ubell, E. (March 8, 1954).
284:Cleveland Clinic Foundation
172:and inventor who worked on
142:Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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1714:American physical chemists
581:She is the subject of the
560:2012 – Induction into the
219:Society of Women Engineers
114:Society of Women Engineers
1172:. File: Box 193, Folder 9
936:"Maria Telkes | Lemelson"
159:
120:
39:
1739:Scientists from Budapest
1734:Hungarian women chemists
1640:"Maria Telkes Resources"
1547:Celebrating Mária Telkes
1190:: CS1 maint: location (
342:environmentally friendly
231:Early life and education
1764:Hungarian biophysicists
1243:NEWS, SA (2022-12-16).
1210:Encyclopedia Britannica
1001:"Jewish Naming Customs"
571:is named in her honor.
530:Carlisle, Massachusetts
526:US Department of Energy
454:George Russell Harrison
288:George Washington Crile
1704:American biophysicists
578:on December 12, 2022.
511:University of Delaware
507:
481:Curtiss-Wright Company
390:phase-change materials
386:thermal energy storage
323:thermoelectric devices
154:University of Delaware
1744:Scientists from Texas
1534:(1): 29. 14 May 2021.
1027:mozgalmat indított a
588:which first aired on
401:the project's funder
200:solar thermal storage
1126:www.encyclopedia.com
602:Patents & Papers
403:Godfrey Lowell Cabot
268:University of Geneva
1749:Women biophysicists
1572:Albuquerque Journal
1277:Scientific American
591:American Experience
469:New York University
327:New York University
235:Telkes was born in
150:New York University
1095:The New York Times
1033:unitárius egyházba
806:The New York Times
715:www.britannica.com
594:on April 4, 2023.
569:390743 Telkesmária
463:Solar-powered oven
397:(sodium sulfate).
384:Telkes identified
296:Phenomenon of Life
221:Achievement Award.
1666:978-3-030-91545-2
1304:Hernandez, A. A.
1039:előnévvel magyar
1005:www.jewishgen.org
879:978-1-4381-1882-6
366:US Virgin Islands
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122:Scientific career
116:Achievement Award
100:Thermoelectricity
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442:Popular Science
422:Eleanor Raymond
418:
416:Dover Sun House
382:
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272:Cleveland, Ohio
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211:Dover Sun House
207:Eleanor Raymond
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1379:
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1314:. Retrieved
1312:. p. 21
1309:
1299:
1285:cite journal
1276:
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1248:
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1200:
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1070:. Daily News
1067:
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493:Melpar, Inc.
478:
466:
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451:
440:
438:
430:
419:
410:Karl Compton
407:
399:
383:
380:Heat storage
374:
362:desalination
354:World War II
351:
348:Desalination
339:
335:
319:
300:
295:
281:
265:
261:
245:Simon Telkes
234:
217:
215:
204:
195:
189:
181:biophysicist
178:
174:solar energy
170:biophysicist
166:Mária Telkes
165:
164:
138:Institutions
121:
82:(1995-12-02)
34:Mária Telkes
18:Maria Telkes
1689:1995 deaths
1684:1900 births
1166:"Biography"
1023:1879 végén
315:electricity
309:to convert
292:brain waves
247:was from a
1678:Categories
1553:2023-04-13
1506:2023-04-13
1418:2021-11-27
1254:2022-12-18
1215:2019-04-03
1131:2019-04-03
1041:nemességet
1037:kelenföldi
1025:Budapesten
1010:2022-12-13
945:2022-12-06
918:2019-04-03
819:2022-12-06
720:2022-12-06
693:2022-12-06
659:References
253:magyarized
87:Budapest,
58:1900-12-12
814:0362-4331
447:atom bomb
257:Unitarian
1602:14 March
1577:April 4,
1481:June 25,
1455:June 25,
1409:Archived
1386:14 March
1342:June 25,
1316:June 17,
1186:cite web
1176:July 20,
1101:July 20,
1074:July 20,
970:14 March
846:14 March
452:In 1953
333:(OSRD).
237:Budapest
66:Budapest
1043:kapott.
988:. 1963.
352:During
241:Hungary
132:Physics
89:Hungary
1663:
1382:. 1964
876:
812:
780:5 July
637:Legacy
303:alloys
278:Career
249:Jewish
128:Fields
106:Awards
1524:(PDF)
1412:(PDF)
1405:(PDF)
1376:(PDF)
313:into
1661:ISBN
1604:2022
1579:2023
1483:2024
1457:2024
1388:2022
1344:2024
1318:2024
1291:link
1192:link
1178:2024
1103:2024
1076:2024
972:2022
874:ISBN
848:2022
810:ISSN
782:2021
487:and
311:heat
305:for
77:Died
52:Born
1653:doi
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