555:
56:
370:
494:
1292:
361:, was still unmarried when he reached the age of twenty-nine. This was rare for royalty during the 18th century and was considered late by standards of the time. The choice for the royal bride fell on Maria Theresa. A lot of information had been gathered regarding the appearance, personality and manners about the princess before her marriage.
449:
Maria
Theresa was initially enthusiastically welcomed in Turin, but she soon aroused great discontent among the public. She was accused of wishing to undermine and abolish so much as possible of the reforms initiated during the French occupation, and was additionally said to treat all whom cooperated
450:
with the French with contempt. Her conduct has been suggested as one of the reasons behind the discontent which led to the rebellions of 1821 which led to her consort's abdication. After the outbreak of a liberal revolution in 1821, her husband Victor
Emmanuel abdicated in favor of his brother,
441:
in 1802, her husband succeeded to the throne as the new King of
Sardinia, with Maria Theresa becoming his Queen consort. However, due the ongoing war, she had to wait on the island of Sardinia for the end of the war in 1814 to return to the capital
389:. She was 15 years old. Their relationship was described as a happy and harmonious one, and Victor Emmanuel spent ample time with their children. They had seven children, four of whom survived into adulthood.
465:(her brother and the husband of her eldest daughter Maria Beatrice), as heir to the throne. Due to the hostility directed toward her, she was not allowed to return to Turin until 1831. She was buried in the
515:
2338:
2688:
2108:
2757:
2221:
2245:
1865:
2326:
2233:
1983:
1860:
1855:
2006:
3012:
2148:
2066:
413:. As such, she was styled as Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Aosta until she became queen. The couple had six daughters and one son, who died young. Upon the invasion of
1936:
1912:
1603:
1924:
1845:
2381:
2939:
1480:
373:
Portrait of Maria
Theresa in the 18th century, at the time of her marriage (by an unknown artist). This portrait is a part of the Castello Cavour di Santena collection
1676:
852:
1711:
2493:
554:
3415:
2711:
2174:
1633:
339:
2750:
2250:
2131:
1994:
1948:
1918:
1766:
1558:
1059:
1681:
3355:
3235:
2665:
2169:
2018:
1896:
3503:
2806:
2350:
1706:
1638:
31:
1760:
354:, as all eldest granddaughters of the empress were. Maria Theresa had one older brother, Josef Franz, but he died in infancy in 1772 before she was born.
322:
king after a liberal revolution, during which Victor
Emmanuel proved unwilling to accept a liberal constitution. She was a part of the then newly-founded
2093:
2643:
1000:
461:
Maria
Theresa survived Victor Emmanuel by eight years. She was accused of having tried to convince her childless brother-in-law Charles Felix to assign
311:
265:
3271:
3083:
2136:
1819:
1696:
38:
3431:
3028:
2078:
2072:
1988:
2975:
2954:
2743:
307:
255:
3523:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2000:
1701:
1587:
1564:
916:
2869:
2291:
2255:
1726:
1296:
55:
202:
2949:
2906:
2239:
2164:
2142:
2083:
2056:
1776:
1671:
1623:
1613:
1530:
620:
1593:
2201:
1954:
1814:
1581:
1473:
2801:
2565:
942:
732:
3518:
3513:
3463:
3423:
3007:
2510:
1930:
1716:
1375:
3279:
3105:
369:
2627:
2486:
2275:
1397:
343:
974:
3399:
2970:
2320:
2314:
2061:
2051:
1499:
1261:
541:
2981:
3348:
3295:
3228:
3133:
2874:
2617:
2376:
1886:
1691:
1608:
630:
3311:
3161:
2901:
2575:
2371:
2265:
2260:
2154:
1666:
1466:
820:
454:. During the riots, she declared herself willing to assume regency if necessary. Instead, she followed her abdicated spouse to
438:
402:
2671:
2332:
2308:
2088:
2041:
2024:
1942:
1628:
1618:
794:
634:
598:
563:
519:
3391:
3303:
3155:
2694:
2514:
2479:
2344:
2296:
2270:
2227:
2196:
2191:
2114:
1748:
700:
382:
358:
295:
150:
3508:
3488:
3478:
3468:
3319:
3183:
3071:
3049:
2596:
2355:
1824:
3473:
3383:
3341:
3221:
2944:
2302:
2046:
1781:
1598:
406:
3287:
3127:
585:
Princess Maria
Adelaide Clothilde Xaveria Borbonia of Savoy (1 October 1794 – 9 March 1802); died in childhood.
504:
3375:
2816:
2622:
2159:
2098:
1440:
606:
579:
462:
523:
508:
3364:
2402:
1960:
1803:
1771:
1660:
1365:
758:
674:
602:
451:
319:
63:
3263:
3077:
1881:
1840:
1358:
398:
3122:
2922:
2880:
626:
575:
567:
212:
197:
1797:
1654:
1502:. Later generations are included although Austrian titles of nobility were abolished and outlawed in 1919.
616:
422:
299:
17:
3483:
2811:
2428:
2397:
1850:
1310:
335:
323:
94:
3498:
3493:
2601:
2407:
1721:
1514:
1213:"The daybed of Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia (1773-1832), at Attingham Park 608172"
588:
Prince
Charles Emmanuel of Savoy (3 September 1796 – 9 August 1799); died in childhood due to
3439:
3100:
3065:
3044:
2864:
2103:
1754:
1552:
1432:
612:
559:
466:
426:
207:
133:
3407:
2997:
1809:
1546:
418:
2533:
2528:
2796:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1318:
1257:
291:
181:
3244:
2885:
1966:
3178:
2412:
1742:
347:
275:
2570:
2848:
2780:
2766:
2591:
2549:
1448:
1344:
477:
378:
102:
3457:
1891:
1686:
1322:
1212:
410:
351:
303:
1458:
3150:
245:
2735:
1242:
381:
on 29 June 1788 in Milan. Finally, on 25 April 1789, she married the 29-year-old
493:
122:
1244:
A Sister of Louis XVI, Marie-Clotilde de France, Queen of
Sardinia (1759-1802)
315:
609:. And she Became the Duchess of Parma and Piacenza, and the Duchess of Lucca.
1383:
1291:
1489:
589:
414:
2471:
595:
A daughter (13 November 1800 – 10 January 1801); died in infancy.
240:
3333:
3213:
1254:
La regina infelice: Lettere d'amore segrete di Maria Teresa di Savoia
473:
386:
118:
619:, no issue. Became the Empress of Austria and the Queen of Hungary,
627:
Princess Maria
Cristina Carlotta Giuseppina Gaetana Elise of Savoy
553:
443:
368:
338:
in Milan. She was the second child and first daughter of Archduke
137:
98:
2256:
Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-SchillingsfĂĽrst
1655:
Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands
455:
3337:
3217:
2739:
2475:
1462:
613:
Princess Maria Anna Ricciarda Carolina Margherita Pia of Savoy
487:
650:
Ancestors of Maria Theresa of Austria-Este, Queen of Sardinia
599:
Princess Maria Teresa Fernanda Felicitas Gaetana Pia of Savoy
1820:
Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate
350:. She was named after her paternal grandmother, Empress
3264:
Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, 6th Princess della Cisterna
3078:
Maria Vittoria dal Pozzo, 6th Princess della Cisterna
578:(6 December 1792 – 15 September 1840); married
37:
For other people named Maria Theresa of Austria, see
629:(14 November 1812 – 21 January 1836); married
3171:
3143:
3115:
3093:
3058:
3037:
3021:
2990:
2963:
2932:
2915:
2894:
2857:
2841:
2825:
2789:
2773:
2704:
2681:
2652:
2636:
2610:
2584:
2558:
2542:
2521:
2421:
2390:
2364:
2284:
2184:
2124:
2034:
1976:
1905:
1874:
1833:
1790:
1735:
1647:
1574:
1539:
1523:
1507:
1498:Generations are numbered by male-line descent from
558:Maria Theresa with her husband and their daughters
314:. Her husband’s reign as King of Sardinia ended in
271:
261:
251:
239:
225:
180:
144:
128:
108:
81:
77:
69:
62:
48:
2170:Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis
601:(19 September 1803 – 16 July 1879); married
409:. At the time of her marriage, her spouse was the
576:Princess Maria Beatrice Vittoria Josepha of Savoy
334:Maria Theresa was born on 1 November 1773 at the
2240:Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
615:(19 September 1803 – 4 May 1884); married
1162:
582:, and had issue. Became the Duchess of Modena.
476:that belonged to Maria Theresa is held at the
3349:
3229:
2751:
2618:Maria Teresa Felicitas, Duchess of Penthièvre
2487:
1815:Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine
1474:
1060:Maria Teresa Cybo-Malaspina, Duchess of Massa
853:Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
290:; 1 November 1773 – 29 March 1832) was
8:
3424:Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
3008:Princess Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
2292:Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
1035:14. Alderano I Cybo-Malaspina, Duke of Massa
2576:Maria Angela Caterina, Princess of Carignan
1281:. Wien: Carl Ueberreuter, 1988, page. 345f.
637:. She Became the Queen of the Two Sicilies.
522:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
421:in 1798, she left with her family first to
32:Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia
3356:
3342:
3334:
3236:
3222:
3214:
2758:
2744:
2736:
2550:Anna, Duchess of Guise, Duchess of Nemours
2494:
2480:
2472:
2149:Maria Luisa, Princess of Isenburg-BĂĽdingen
1481:
1467:
1459:
1301:
1279:Die Habsburger: Ein biographisches Lexikon
1198:
1186:
1174:
1150:
655:
646:
54:
45:
3416:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
3400:Infanta Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
3256:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
3003:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
2321:Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio
1727:Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
1697:Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania
542:Learn how and when to remove this message
213:Maria Cristina, Queen of the Two Sicilies
39:Maria Theresa of Austria (disambiguation)
18:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este (1773–1832)
2955:Princess Maria Theresia of Liechtenstein
2207:Margarete Sophie, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
2079:Maria Theresa, Queen of the Two Sicilies
2057:Marie Caroline, Crown Princess of Saxony
759:Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este
308:Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este
256:Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria-Este
3384:Landgravine Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
1143:
1001:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
312:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
266:Maria Beatrice d'Este, Duchess of Massa
170:
3392:Princess Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine
2666:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
2137:Princess Auguste Ferdinande of Bavaria
2099:Marie Henriette, Queen of the Belgians
2019:Maria Leopoldine, Electress of Bavaria
1016:
896:
892:
882:
774:
664:
660:
397:Maria Theresa became a good friend of
222:
2950:Princess Christine of Hesse-Rotenburg
2449:also an infanta of Spain and Portugal
2345:Hedwig, Countess of Stolberg-Stolberg
2246:Princess Maria Christina of Salm-Salm
2001:Maria Clementina, Duchess of Calabria
1825:Claudia Felicitas, Holy Roman Empress
1553:Isabella, Queen of Denmark and Norway
1547:Eleanor, Queen of Portugal and France
1089:
1079:
1075:
1063:
1057:
1047:
1034:
1024:
1020:
1004:
998:
988:
972:
962:
958:
946:
940:
930:
914:
904:
900:
876:
866:
850:
840:
836:
824:
818:
808:
792:
782:
778:
762:
756:
746:
730:
720:
716:
704:
698:
688:
672:
668:
318:in 1821, when he elected his brother
7:
3432:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
3296:Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark
3134:Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark
3029:Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria
2945:Princess Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg
2870:Princess Marie, Countess of Soissons
2408:Maria-Anna, Princess Piotr Galitzine
2339:Elisabeth, Countess of Waldburg-Zeil
2251:Princess Maria Anna of Bourbon Parma
1804:Margarita Teresa, Holy Roman Empress
1782:Maria Leopoldine, Holy Roman Empress
1604:Maria, Duchess of JĂĽlich-Cleves-Berg
917:Francesco III d'Este, Duke of Modena
520:adding citations to reliable sources
403:Charles Emmanuel, Prince of Piedmont
166:
2695:Maria Beatrix, Countess of MontizĂłn
2413:Sophie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz
2382:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
2217:Princess Elisabeth of Liechtenstein
2143:Maria Isabella, Countess of Trapani
2115:Maria Beatrix, Countess of MontizĂłn
2109:Maria Theresa, Countess of Chambord
2047:Maria Leopoldina, Empress of Brazil
2042:Marie Louise, Empress of the French
1931:Maria Christina, Duchess of Teschen
1841:Maria Antonia, Electress of Bavaria
1559:Maria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia
1376:Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily
1217:www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk
27:Queen of Sardinia from 1802 to 1821
3504:Burials at the Basilica of Superga
3013:Princess Maria Christina of Saxony
2672:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
2628:Maria Fortunata, Princess of Conti
2165:Maria Dorothea, Duchess of Orléans
2025:Maria Ludovika, Empress of Austria
1661:Catalina Micaela, Duchess of Savoy
1398:Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern
1241:d'Artemont, Louis Leopold (1911).
25:
3408:Princess Marie Clotilde of France
3197:also a princess of Savoy by birth
2998:Princess Marie Clotilde of France
2689:Maria Theresa, Duchess of Orléans
2377:Charlotte, Duchess of Mecklenburg
2276:Mechthildis, Princess Czartoryski
1777:Isabella Clara, Duchess of Mantua
1500:Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
1490:Austrian archduchesses by descent
943:Ercole III d'Este, Duke of Modena
198:Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Modena
3272:Princess Maria Letizia Bonaparte
3084:Princess Maria Letizia Bonaparte
2923:Princess Maria Vittoria of Savoy
2875:Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy
2660:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
2644:Maria Beatrice, Duchess of Massa
2592:Maria Beatrice, Queen of England
2351:Margaret, Princess of Monteleone
2073:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
2013:Maria Theresa, Queen of Sardinia
1887:Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress
1767:Maria Anna, Electress of Bavaria
1639:Joanna, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
1290:
631:Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
492:
393:Beginnings at the Savoyard court
3440:Archduchess Adelaide of Austria
3045:Archduchess Adelaide of Austria
2902:Princess Maria Angela of Modena
2767:Princesses of Savoy by marriage
2712:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
2529:Isabella, Marchioness of Mantua
2228:Luise, Crown Princess of Saxony
2175:Maria Theresa, Queen of Bavaria
2160:Maria Christina, Queen of Spain
2052:Clementina, Princess of Salerno
1989:Maria Theresia, Queen of Saxony
1961:Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples
1897:Princess Maria Anna of Lorraine
1772:Cecilia Renata, Queen of Poland
821:Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary
439:Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia
162:
3524:Daughters of duchesses regnant
3123:Princess Marie José of Belgium
2982:Princess Joséphine of Lorraine
2971:Infanta Maria Antonia of Spain
2812:Princess Annabella of Scotland
2297:Helena, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
1967:Maria Antonia, Queen of France
1943:Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma
1882:Maria Josepha, Queen of Poland
1798:Maria Theresa, Queen of France
1755:Maria Anna, Holy Roman Empress
1428:Reason for succession failure:
795:Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor
733:Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans
635:Francis II of the Two Sicilies
633:, had an issue, was mother of
383:Victor Emmanuel, Duke of Aosta
208:Maria Anna, Empress of Austria
203:Maria Teresa, Duchess of Parma
1:
3179:Clotilde Marie Pascale Courau
2881:Princess Élisabeth of Bourbon
2865:Princess Christine of Bourbon
2356:Ilona, Duchess of Mecklenburg
1851:Maria Anna, Queen of Portugal
1515:Kunigunde, Duchess of Bavaria
1297:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
879:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
701:Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor
296:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
288:Maria Theresia Josefa Johanna
284:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
231:Maria Theresia Josefa Johanna
151:Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia
49:Maria Theresa of Austria-Este
3312:Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto
3162:Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto
3101:Princess Elena of Montenegro
3072:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
3066:Princess Margherita of Savoy
3050:Princess Elisabeth of Saxony
2976:Princess Maria Anna of Savoy
2807:Princess Marie of Luxembourg
2802:Princess Margaret of Bourbon
2602:Enrichetta, Duchess of Parma
2303:Rosa, Duchess of WĂĽrttemberg
2261:Princess Isabella of Bavaria
1588:Joanna, Princess of Portugal
1565:Catherine, Queen of Portugal
1370:4 June 1802 – 12 March 1821
1252:Festorazzi, Roberto (2002).
405:. She was also close to the
2726:also Archduchess of Austria
2104:Adelaide, Queen of Sardinia
1629:Barbara, Duchess of Ferrara
401:, the childless consort of
73:4 June 1802 – 12 March 1821
3540:
3519:19th-century Italian women
3514:18th-century Italian women
3464:Queens consort of Sardinia
3304:Princess Claude of Orléans
3280:Princess Hélène of Orléans
3156:Princess Claude of Orléans
3106:Princess Hélène of Orléans
2940:Anne Christine of Sulzbach
2817:Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus
2797:Princess Yolande of Valois
2566:Isabella, Duchess of Parma
2534:Beatrice, Duchess of Milan
2455:also a princess of Tuscany
2403:Walburga, Countess Douglas
2271:Renata, Princess Radziwill
2197:Princess Gisela of Bavaria
1810:Maria Anna, Queen of Spain
1722:Constance, Queen of Poland
1672:Elisabeth, Queen of France
1619:Eleanor, Duchess of Mantua
1614:Catherine, Queen of Poland
1594:Elisabeth, Queen of Poland
1531:Margaret, Duchess of Savoy
1441:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
1010:
894:
768:
662:
607:Charles III, Duke of Parma
605:, and had issue including
580:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
463:Francis IV, Duke of Modena
377:Maria Theresa was married
187:
36:
29:
3371:
3251:
3193:
2721:
2507:
2461:also a princess of Modena
2437:
1582:Maria, Holy Roman Empress
1496:
1437:
1402:
1389:
1382:
1372:
1366:Queen consort of Sardinia
1363:
1350:
1343:
1304:
1077:
1069:
1041:
1022:
1018:
982:
975:Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans
960:
952:
924:
902:
898:
860:
838:
830:
802:
780:
776:
740:
718:
710:
682:
675:Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
666:
603:Charles II, Duke of Parma
342:, governor of Milan, and
340:Ferdinand Karl of Austria
230:
221:
64:Queen consort of Sardinia
53:
3288:Princess Anne of Orléans
3128:Princess Anne of Orléans
2886:Princess Marie d'Orléans
2443:also an infanta of Spain
1717:Margaret, Queen of Spain
1687:Anna, Holy Roman Empress
1599:Anna, Duchess of Bavaria
1412:Queen consort of England
1359:Marie Clotilde of France
437:After the abdication of
399:Marie Clotilde of France
30:Not to be confused with
3320:Princess Olga of Greece
3205:Princess of Savoy-Aosta
3201:Princess of Savoy-Genoa
3184:Princess Olga of Greece
2781:Princess Anne of Cyprus
2571:Maria, Duchess of Parma
2509:Generations start from
2327:Princess Maria Antonia
1090:15. Ricciardia Gonzaga
617:Ferdinand I of Austria
571:
374:
300:archduchess of Austria
287:
1743:Anna, Queen of France
1692:Anna, Queen of Poland
1405:— TITULAR —
1299:at Wikimedia Commons
557:
372:
344:Maria Beatrice d'Este
336:Royal Palace of Milan
324:House of Austria-Este
95:Royal Palace of Milan
3376:Anne Marie d'Orléans
3151:Marina Ricolfi-Doria
2502:Princesses of Modena
1707:Gregoria Maximiliana
1677:Margaret (1567–1633)
1667:Anna, Queen of Spain
1316:Cadet branch of the
516:improve this section
169:; died
3509:Modenese princesses
3489:Nobility from Milan
3479:Princesses of Savoy
3469:Austrian princesses
2094:Elisabeth Franziska
1712:Eleanor (1582–1620)
1433:Glorious Revolution
1306:Queen Maria Theresa
467:Basilica of Superga
407:Duchess of Chablais
357:The Duke of Aosta,
306:as the daughter of
134:Basilica of Superga
3474:Duchesses of Aosta
3365:Queens of Sardinia
3245:Duchesses of Aosta
2597:Princess Benedetta
1394:Title last held by
1384:Titles in pretence
1355:Title last held by
1277:Hamann, Brigitte.
1256:. Milano: Mursia.
621:among other titles
572:
419:Napoleon Bonaparte
375:
304:princess of Modena
298:. She was born an
3451:
3450:
3331:
3330:
3211:
3210:
2733:
2732:
2728:
2469:
2468:
1682:Maria (1584–1649)
1457:
1456:
1453:
1438:Succeeded by
1407:
1373:Succeeded by
1319:House of Habsburg
1295:Media related to
1211:Trust, National.
1134:
1133:
1130:
1129:
552:
551:
544:
292:Queen of Sardinia
281:
280:
276:Roman Catholicism
235:
234:
16:(Redirected from
3531:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3335:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3215:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2737:
2723:
2623:Princess Matilde
2496:
2489:
2482:
2473:
2315:Maria Inmaculata
2222:Maria Antonietta
2212:Maria Annunciata
1702:Catherine Renata
1483:
1476:
1469:
1460:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1403:
1339:
1332:
1302:
1294:
1267:
1248:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
656:
647:
547:
540:
536:
533:
527:
496:
488:
223:
191:
174:
172:
168:
164:
115:
91:
89:
58:
46:
21:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3367:
3362:
3332:
3327:
3247:
3242:
3212:
3207:
3189:
3172:19th generation
3167:
3144:18th generation
3139:
3116:17th generation
3111:
3094:16th generation
3089:
3059:15th generation
3054:
3038:14th generation
3033:
3022:13th generation
3017:
2991:12th generation
2986:
2964:11th generation
2959:
2933:10th generation
2928:
2911:
2907:Olympia Mancini
2890:
2853:
2837:
2821:
2785:
2769:
2764:
2734:
2729:
2717:
2705:12th generation
2700:
2682:11th generation
2677:
2653:10th generation
2648:
2632:
2606:
2580:
2554:
2538:
2517:
2511:Ercole I d'Este
2503:
2500:
2470:
2465:
2433:
2422:18th generation
2417:
2391:17th generation
2386:
2365:16th generation
2360:
2285:15th generation
2280:
2185:14th generation
2180:
2125:13th generation
2120:
2035:12th generation
2030:
1977:11th generation
1972:
1937:Maria Elisabeth
1913:Maria Elisabeth
1906:10th generation
1901:
1870:
1866:Maria Magdalena
1846:Maria Elisabeth
1829:
1786:
1731:
1643:
1570:
1535:
1519:
1503:
1492:
1487:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1408:
1395:
1378:
1369:
1356:
1345:Italian royalty
1333:
1331:1 November 1773
1327:
1326:
1314:
1307:
1288:
1274:
1272:Further reading
1264:
1251:
1240:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1199:Festorazzi 2002
1197:
1193:
1187:Festorazzi 2002
1185:
1181:
1175:Festorazzi 2002
1173:
1169:
1163:d'Artemont 1911
1161:
1157:
1151:Festorazzi 2002
1149:
1145:
1140:
1135:
644:
548:
537:
531:
528:
513:
497:
486:
435:
395:
385:, in person in
367:
359:Victor Emmanuel
348:Duchy of Modena
332:
294:as the wife of
217:
188:among others...
185:
184:
176:
160:
156:
153:
140:
117:
113:
93:
92:1 November 1773
87:
85:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3437:
3429:
3421:
3413:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3381:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3361:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3323:(2021–present)
3317:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3269:
3261:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3241:
3240:
3233:
3226:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3159:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3131:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3069:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3052:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2965:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
2919:
2917:
2916:9th generation
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2895:8th generation
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2858:7th generation
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2842:5th generation
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2826:4th generation
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2793:
2791:
2790:3rd generation
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2777:
2775:
2774:2nd generation
2771:
2770:
2765:
2763:
2762:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2715:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2692:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2656:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2640:
2638:
2637:9th generation
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2611:8th generation
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2585:7th generation
2582:
2581:
2579:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2559:6th generation
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2546:
2544:
2543:3rd generation
2540:
2539:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2522:1st generation
2519:
2518:
2515:Duke of Modena
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2084:Maria Caroline
2081:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1928:
1925:Maria Carolina
1922:
1916:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1875:9th generation
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1834:8th generation
1831:
1830:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1794:
1792:
1791:7th generation
1788:
1787:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1739:
1737:
1736:6th generation
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1648:5th generation
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1576:
1575:4th generation
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1540:3rd generation
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1524:2nd generation
1521:
1520:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1508:1st generation
1505:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1449:Prince consort
1439:
1436:
1401:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1371:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1315:
1308:
1305:
1287:
1286:External links
1284:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1262:
1249:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1167:
1155:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1003:
997:
994:
993:
990:
989:
987:
984:
983:
981:
978:
977:
971:
968:
967:
964:
963:
961:
959:
957:
954:
953:
951:
948:
947:
945:
939:
936:
935:
932:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
920:
919:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
888:
887:
884:
883:
881:
875:
872:
871:
868:
867:
865:
862:
861:
859:
856:
855:
849:
846:
845:
842:
841:
839:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
826:
825:
823:
817:
814:
813:
810:
809:
807:
804:
803:
801:
798:
797:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
745:
742:
741:
739:
736:
735:
729:
726:
725:
722:
721:
719:
717:
715:
712:
711:
709:
706:
705:
703:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
687:
684:
683:
681:
678:
677:
671:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
652:
651:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
624:
610:
596:
593:
586:
583:
568:Maria Cristina
550:
549:
500:
498:
491:
485:
482:
478:Attingham Park
434:
431:
394:
391:
366:
363:
346:, heir to the
331:
328:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
233:
232:
228:
227:
219:
218:
216:
215:
210:
205:
200:
194:
192:
178:
177:
158:
154:
149:
148:
146:
142:
141:
132:
130:
126:
125:
116:(aged 58)
110:
106:
105:
103:Duchy of Milan
83:
79:
78:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
60:
59:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3536:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3459:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3354:
3352:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3336:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3239:
3234:
3232:
3227:
3225:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2761:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2742:
2741:
2738:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2506:
2497:
2492:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2474:
2462:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2234:Maria Theresa
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Marie Valerie
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1984:Maria Theresa
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:Maria Josepha
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1892:Maria Theresa
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1861:Maria Josepha
1859:
1857:
1856:Maria Theresa
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1491:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1338:29 March 1832
1337:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1323:House of Este
1320:
1313:
1312:
1311:Habsburg-Este
1303:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1263:88-425-3060-3
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1218:
1214:
1207:
1204:
1201:, p. 81.
1200:
1195:
1192:
1189:, p. 43.
1188:
1183:
1180:
1177:, p. 50.
1176:
1171:
1168:
1165:, p. 86.
1164:
1159:
1156:
1153:, p. 33.
1152:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
991:
986:
985:
980:
979:
976:
970:
969:
966:
965:
956:
955:
950:
949:
944:
938:
937:
934:
933:
928:
927:
922:
921:
918:
912:
911:
908:
907:
890:
889:
886:
885:
880:
874:
873:
870:
869:
864:
863:
858:
857:
854:
848:
847:
844:
843:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
816:
815:
812:
811:
806:
805:
800:
799:
796:
790:
789:
786:
785:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
754:
753:
750:
749:
744:
743:
738:
737:
734:
728:
727:
724:
723:
714:
713:
708:
707:
702:
696:
695:
692:
691:
686:
685:
680:
679:
676:
670:
658:
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
641:
636:
632:
628:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
608:
604:
600:
597:
594:
591:
587:
584:
581:
577:
574:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
546:
543:
535:
525:
521:
517:
511:
510:
506:
501:This section
499:
495:
490:
489:
483:
481:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
459:
457:
453:
452:Charles Felix
447:
445:
440:
432:
430:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:Duke of Aosta
408:
404:
400:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
371:
364:
362:
360:
355:
353:
352:Maria Theresa
349:
345:
341:
337:
329:
327:
325:
321:
320:Charles Felix
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
257:
254:
250:
247:
244:
242:
238:
229:
224:
220:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
195:
193:
190:
189:
183:
179:
152:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
124:
120:
112:29 March 1832
111:
107:
104:
100:
96:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
3484:Austria-Este
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3322:
3314:
3306:
3298:
3290:
3282:
3274:
3266:
3258:
3255:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3002:
2832:
2725:
2659:
2460:
2454:
2448:
2442:
2012:
2007:Maria Amalia
1446:
1445:
1410:
1409:
1404:
1396:
1390:
1364:
1357:
1351:
1335:
1328:
1317:
1309:
1289:
1278:
1253:
1247:. J. Murray.
1243:
1220:. Retrieved
1216:
1206:
1194:
1182:
1170:
1158:
1146:
878:
564:Maria Teresa
538:
529:
514:Please help
502:
471:
460:
448:
436:
425:and then to
396:
376:
356:
333:
302:-Este and a
283:
282:
246:Austria-Este
186:
114:(1832-03-29)
43:
3499:1832 deaths
3494:1773 births
3443:(1849–1855)
3435:(1831–1849)
3427:(1821–1831)
3419:(1802–1821)
3411:(1796–1802)
3403:(1773–1785)
3395:(1737–1741)
3387:(1730–1735)
3379:(1720–1728)
3315:(1987–2021)
3283:(1895–1931)
3259:(1789–1802)
2849:Anna d'Este
2067:Maria Luisa
1235:Works cited
1222:15 February
123:Switzerland
3458:Categories
2132:Maria Anna
2062:Maria Anna
1995:Maria Anna
1919:Maria Anna
1138:References
560:Maria Anna
330:Early life
316:abdication
88:1773-11-01
3307:(1964–87)
3299:(1942–48)
3291:(1931–42)
3275:(1888–90)
3267:(1863–76)
1761:Margarita
1609:Magdalena
1425:1819–1824
503:does not
286:(German:
2513:, first
2429:Eleonore
2398:Gabriela
2372:Adelheid
2266:Eleonora
2155:Mathilda
1624:Margaret
1416:Scotland
642:Ancestry
590:smallpox
532:May 2024
427:Sardinia
415:Piedmont
379:by proxy
365:Marriage
272:Religion
2333:Assunta
2309:Dolores
2089:Hermine
1949:Johanna
1420:Ireland
524:removed
509:sources
423:Tuscany
175:
159:
155:
2192:Sophie
1634:Helena
1391:Vacant
1352:Vacant
1334:
1260:
474:daybed
387:Novara
310:, and
262:Mother
252:Father
165:
145:Spouse
129:Burial
119:Geneva
70:Tenure
1749:MarĂa
1336:Died:
1329:Born:
484:Issue
444:Turin
433:Queen
241:House
226:Names
182:Issue
173:)
161:(
157:
138:Turin
99:Milan
2833:None
1418:and
1321:and
1258:ISBN
1224:2023
973:13.
915:12.
851:11.
793:10.
566:and
507:any
505:cite
456:Nice
171:1824
167:1789
109:Died
82:Born
3203:***
3186:***
3164:***
3158:***
3136:***
3130:***
3108:***
3086:***
3080:***
2447:**
1447:as
1058:7.
999:3.
941:6.
877:1.
819:5.
757:2.
731:9.
699:4.
673:8.
518:by
417:by
3460::
3199:**
3074:**
2724:*
2459:#
2453:^
2441:*
1800:**
1763:**
1757:**
1751:**
1745:**
1663:**
1657:**
1414:,
1215:.
562:,
480:.
472:A
469:.
458:.
446:.
429:.
326:.
163:m.
136:,
121:,
101:,
97:,
3357:e
3350:t
3343:v
3237:e
3230:t
3223:v
3195:*
3068:*
2978:*
2925:*
2877:*
2759:e
2752:t
2745:v
2714:*
2697:*
2691:*
2674:*
2668:*
2662:*
2495:e
2488:t
2481:v
2347:^
2341:^
2335:^
2329:^
2323:^
2317:^
2311:^
2305:^
2299:^
2242:^
2236:^
2230:^
2224:^
2177:#
2151:^
2145:^
2139:^
2117:#
2111:#
2075:^
2069:^
2027:#
2021:#
2015:#
2009:^
2003:^
1997:^
1991:^
1969:^
1963:^
1957:^
1951:^
1945:^
1939:^
1933:^
1927:^
1921:^
1915:^
1806:*
1590:*
1584:*
1567:*
1561:*
1555:*
1549:*
1482:e
1475:t
1468:v
1266:.
1226:.
623:.
592:.
570:.
545:)
539:(
534:)
530:(
526:.
512:.
90:)
86:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.