Killian documents controversy

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documents; his recollection and Mapes's differed. According to Mapes, Hodges agreed with CBS's assessment that the documents were real, and CBS reported that Hodges stated that these were "the things that Killian had expressed to me at the time". However, according to Hodges, when Mapes read portions of the memos to him he simply stated, "well if he wrote them, that's what he felt", and he stated he never confirmed the validity of the content of the documents. General Hodges later asserted to the investigatory panel that he told Mapes that Killian had never, to his knowledge, ordered anyone to take a physical and that he had never been pressured regarding Lieutenant Bush, as the documents alleged. Hodges also claims that when CBS interviewed him, he thought the memos were handwritten, not typed, and following the September 8 broadcast, when Hodges had seen the documents and heard of claims of forgery by Killian's wife and son, he was "convinced they were not authentic" and told Rather and Mapes on September 10.

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the documents reflected Killian's "sentiments" about Bush's service, and that this belief motivated her decision to reach out to CBS to provide the interview. In response to a direct question from Rather about the authenticity of the memo on Bush's alleged insubordination, she stated that no such memo was ever written; she further emphasized that she would have known if such a memo existed, as she had sole responsibility to type Killian's memos in that time period. At this point, she also admitted she had no firsthand knowledge of Bush's time in the Guard. However, controversially, Knox said later in the interview, "The information in here was correct, but it was picked up from the real ones." She went on to say, "I probably typed the information and somebody picked up the information some way or another." The

1107:. Freelance journalist Michael Smith had emailed Mapes, asking, "What if there was a person who might have some information that could possibly change the momentum of an election but we needed to get an ASAP book deal to help get us the information?" Mapes replied, "that looks good, hypothetically speaking of course". The Thornburgh–Boccardi report found that Mapes' contact with Kerry adviser Joe Lockhart was "highly inappropriate", and that it "crossed the line as, at a minimum, it gave the appearance of a political bias and could have been perceived as a news organizations' assisting a campaign as opposed to reporting on a story"; however, the Panel did not "find a basis to accuse those who investigated, produced, vetted or aired the Segment of having a political bias". In a later interview with 347:

provided with the other four documents obtained from CBS (he would prove to be the only reviewer to see these documents prior to the segment). Matley told Rather "he could not authenticate the documents due to the fact that they were poor quality copies". In the interview, Matley told Rather that with respect to the signatures, they were relying on "poor material" and that there were inconsistencies in the signatures, but also replied "Yes", when asked if it would be safe to say the documents were written by the person who signed them.

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authenticated only the signatures. On CNN, Matley stated he had only verified that the signatures were "from the same source", not that they were authentically Killian's: "When I saw the documents, I could not verify the documents were authentic or inauthentic. I could only verify that the signatures came from the same source", Matley said. "I could not authenticate the documents themselves. But at the same time, there was nothing to tell me that they were not authentic."

1204: 1176: 1190: 386:, former Speaker of the Texas House, created the impression "that there was no question but that President Bush had received Barnes' help to get into the TexANG", because Barnes had made a telephone call on Bush's behalf, when Barnes himself had acknowledged that there was no proof his call was the reason, and that "sometimes a call to General Rose did not work". Barnes' disclaimer was not included in the segment. 5365: 180: 782: 1008:, "I personally believe the documents are not false" and "I was fired for airing a story that could not definitively be proved false but made CBS's public relations department cringe." As of September 2007, Mapes continued to defend the authenticity of the documents: "the far right blogosphere bully boys ... screamed objections that ultimately proved to have no basis in fact." 652:

in the '70s". The analysts and experts cited by Rather did not include the original four consulted by CBS. Rather instead presented the views of Bill Glennon and Richard Katz. Glennon, a former typewriter repairman with no specific credentials in typesetting beyond that job, was found by CBS after posting several defenses of the memos on blogs including

1155:(D-NY) pointed out that the controversy served Rove's objectives: "Once they did that, then it undermined everything else about Bush's draft dodging. ... That had the effect of taking the whole issue away." After being criticized, Hinchey responded, "I didn't allege I had any facts. I said this is what I believe and take it for what it's worth." 1164:, Stone said "It was nuts to think I had anything to do with those documents ... hose papers were potentially devastating to George Bush. You couldn't put them out there assuming that they would be discredited. You couldn't have assumed that this would rebound to Bush's benefit. I believe in bank shots, but that one was too big a risk." 1128:. McAuliffe told reporters on September 10, "I can tell you that nobody at the Democratic National Committee or groups associated with us were involved in any way with these documents", he said. "I'm just saying that I would ask Karl Rove the same question." McAuliffe later pointed out that Rove and another Republican operative, 315:

business was done at the time. They are compatible with the man that I remember Jerry Killian being." Strong had first seen the documents twenty minutes earlier and also said he had no personal knowledge of their content; he later claimed he had been told to assume the content of the documents was accurate.

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In an interview with Rather, Burkett admitted that he misled CBS about the source of the documents, and then claimed that the documents came to him from someone he claimed was named "Lucy Ramirez", whom CBS was unable to contact or identify as an actual person. Burkett said he then made copies at the

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The original document examiners, however, continued to be part of the story. By September 15, Emily Will was publicly stating that she had told CBS that she had doubts about both the production of the memos and the handwriting prior to the segment. Linda James stated that the memos were of "very poor

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archives describing this specialized equipment, "To produce copy which can be reproduced with 'justified', or straight left-and right-hand margins, the operator types the copy once and the composer computes the number of spaces needed to justify the line. As the operator types the copy a second time,

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reported, "the officer named in one memo as exerting pressure to 'sugarcoat' Bush's military record was discharged a year and a half before the memo was written. The paper cited a military record showing that Col. Walter 'Buck' Staudt was honorably discharged on March 1, 1972, while the memo cited by

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the photocopied questioned documents are consistent and in basic agreement", and stated that based on what he knew, "the documents in question are authentic". However, Pierce also told Mapes he could not be sure if the documents had been altered because he was reviewing copies, not original documents.

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James Pierce concluded that both of the documents were written by the same person and that the signature matched Killian's from the official Bush records. Only one of the two documents provided to Pierce had a signature. James Pierce wrote, "the balance of the Jerry B. Killian signatures appearing on

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On September 6, CBS interviewed General Robert "Bobby" Hodges, a former officer at the Texas Air National Guard and Killian's immediate superior at the time. Hodges declined CBS' request for an on-camera interview, and Mapes read the documents to him over the telephone—or perhaps only portions of the

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regarding the progressing story. Lockhart subsequently stated he was "wary" of contact with Mapes at this stage, because if the story were true, his involvement might undermine its credibility, and if it were false, "he did not want to be associated with it". Lockhart called Burkett on September 6 at

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On November 9, 2005, Mary Mapes gave an interview to ABC News correspondent Brian Ross. Mapes stated that the documents have never been proved to be forgeries. Ross expressed the view that the responsibility is on the reporter to verify their authenticity. Mapes responded with, "I don't think that's

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producers prior to the broadcast, and had informed associate producer Yvonne Miller and executive producer Josh Howard on September 10 that he believed the documents were forgeries. The Panel report stated, "The Panel met with Peter Tytell, and found his analysis sound in terms of why he thought the

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segment "For the Record Concerning President Bush's Air National Guard Service" was released. The purpose of the panel was to examine the process by which the September 8 segment was prepared and broadcast, to examine the circumstances surrounding the subsequent public statements and news reports by

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from 1956 to 1979, and who was Killian's assistant on the dates shown in the documents. Dan Rather prefaced the segment on the recorded interview by stating, "She told us she believes what the documents actually say is, exactly, as we reported." In the aired interview, Knox expressed her belief that

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By September 13, CBS's position had shifted slightly, as Rather acknowledged "some of these questions come from people who are not active political partisans", and stated that CBS "talked to handwriting and document analysts and other experts who strongly insist the documents could have been created

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campaign", a claim substantiated by emails between Smith and Mapes detailing Burkett's additional requests for help with negotiating a book deal, security, and financial compensation. During the last week of August, Mapes asked Josh Howard, her immediate superior at CBS, for permission to facilitate

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As a growing number of independent document examiners and competing news outlets reported their findings about the documents, CBS News stopped defending the documents and began to report on the problems with their story. On September 20 they reported that their source, Bill Burkett, "admits that he

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As media coverage widened and intensified, CBS at first attempted to produce additional evidence to support its claims. On September 11, a CBS News segment stated that document expert Phillip Bouffard thought the documents "could have been prepared on an IBM Selectric Composer typewriter, available

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In response to the media attention, a CBS memo said that the documents were "backed up not only by independent handwriting and forensic document experts but by sources familiar with their content" and insisted that no internal investigation would take place. On the CBS Evening News of September 10,

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The segment introduced Lieutenant Robert Strong's interview, describing him as a "friend of Killian" (without noting he had not worked in the same location and without mentioning he had left the TexANG prior to the dates on the memos). The segment used the sound bite of Strong saying the documents

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Marcel Matley's review was initially limited to Killian's signature on one of the Burkett documents, which he compared to signatures from the official Bush records. Matley "seemed fairly confident" that the signature was Killian's. On September 6, Matley was interviewed by Rather and Mapes and was

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On September 5, CBS interviewed Killian's friend Robert Strong, who ran the Texas Air National Guard administrative office. Among other issues covered in his interview with Rather and Mapes, Strong was asked if he thought the documents were genuine. Strong stated, "they are compatible with the way

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criticized both the initial CBS news segment and CBS's "strident defense" during the aftermath. CBS fired producer Mapes, requested resignations from several senior news executives, and apologized to viewers by saying that there were "substantial questions regarding the authenticity of the Killian

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obtained an independent analysis from outside experts. CBS finally repudiated the use of the documents on September 20, 2004. Rather stated, "if I knew then what I know now – I would not have gone ahead with the story as it was aired, and I certainly would not have used the documents in question",

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In the broadcast, Rather stated that Marcel Matley "analyzed the documents for CBS News. He believes they are real", and broadcast additional excerpts from Matley's September 6 interview showing Matley's agreement that the signatures appeared to be from the same source. Rather did not report that

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s news section, which mentioned that it had also obtained copies of the documents. However, the authenticity of the memos was not part of the story carried by major news outlets on that day. Also on that day, CBS published the reaction of Killian's son, Gary, to the documents, reporting that Gary

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Executive Producer Josh Howard and Howard's top deputy, Senior Broadcast Producer Mary Murphy, as well as Senior Vice President Betsy West, who had been in charge of all prime time newscasts. Murphy and West resigned on February 25, 2005, and after settling a legal dispute regarding his level of

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Tytell concluded ... that (i) the relevant portion of the Superscript Exemplar was produced on an Olympia manual typewriter, (ii) the Killian documents were not produced on an Olympia manual typewriter and (iii) the Killian documents were produced on a computer in Times New Roman typestyle the

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report critical of the Bush administration justification for going to war in Iraq. This segment was replaced with the Killian documents segment. CBS further postponed airing the Iraq segment until after the election due to the controversy over the Killian documents. "We now believe it would be

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At 5:00 p.m. on Thursday, September 9, CBS News released a statement saying the memos were "thoroughly investigated by independent experts, and we are convinced of their authenticity", and stating, "this report was not based solely on recovered documents, but rather on a preponderance of

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released a statement suggesting that Will and James had "misrepresented" their role in the authentication of the documents and had played only a small part in the process. CBS News concurrently amended its previous claim that Matley had authenticated the documents, saying instead that he had

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In Rather's narration about one of the memos, he referred to pressure being applied on Bush's behalf by General Buck Staudt, and described Staudt as "the man in charge of the Texas National Guard". Staudt had retired from the guard a year and a half prior to the dates of the memos.

247:, who would publicly state for the first time his opinion that Bush had received preferential treatment to get into the National Guard. Mapes had also been in contact with the Kerry campaign several times between late August and September 6, when she spoke with senior Kerry advisor 286:") claiming that Killian was being pressured from above to give Bush better marks in his yearly evaluation than he had earned. The note attributed to Killian says that he was being asked to "sugarcoat" Bush's performance. "I'm having trouble running interference and doing my job." 571:. The Associated Press reported, "Document examiner Sandra Ramsey Lines ... said she was 'virtually certain' were generated by computer. Lines said that meant she could testify in court that, beyond a reasonable doubt, her opinion was that the memos were written on a computer." 3070: 1113:, when asked about the issue of political bias, review panel member Louis Boccardi said "bias is a hard thing to prove". The panel concluded that the problems occurred "primarily because of a rush to air that overwhelmed the proper application of the CBS News Standards". 608:

However, CBS's Josh Howard spoke at length by telephone with typewriter expert Peter Tytell and later told the panel that the discussion was "an 'unsettling event' that shook his belief in the authenticity of the documents". Producer Mapes dismissed Tytell's concerns.

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Document experts have challenged the authenticity of the documents as photocopies of valid originals on a variety of grounds ranging from anachronisms of their typography, their quick reproducibility using modern technology, and to errors in their content and style.

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soon printed a retraction regarding the title. CBS noted that although General Hodges was now stating he thought the documents were inauthentic, "we believed General Hodges the first time we spoke with him." CBS reiterated: "we believe the documents to be genuine".

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deliberately misled the CBS News producer working on the report, giving her a false account of the documents' origins to protect a promise of confidentiality to the actual source." While the network did not state that the memos were forgeries, CBS News president

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A former vice president of CBS News, Jonathan Klein, dismissed the allegations of bloggers, suggesting that the "checks and balances" of a professional news organization were superior to those of individuals sitting at their home computers "in their pajamas".

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The CBS independent panel report did not specifically take up the question of whether the documents were forgeries, but retained a document expert, Peter Tytell, who concluded the documents used by CBS were produced using current word processing technology.

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The failure to develop adequate corroboration to support the statements in the Killian documents and to carefully compare the Killian documents to official TexANG records, which would have identified, at a minimum, notable inconsistencies in content and

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In January 2008, the legal teams for Rather and CBS reached an agreement to produce for Rather's attorneys "virtually all of the materials" related to the case, including the findings of Erik T. Rigler's report to CBS about the documents and the story.

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said, "Based on what we now know, CBS News cannot prove that the documents are authentic, which is the only acceptable journalistic standard to justify using them in the report. We should not have used them. That was a mistake, which we deeply regret."

102:, while pursuing a story about the George W. Bush military service controversy. Burkett claimed that Bush's commander, Lieutenant Colonel Jerry B. Killian, wrote them, which included criticisms of Bush's service in the Guard during the 1970s. In the 274:

A note of a telephone conversation with Bush in which Bush sought to be excused from "drill", The note records that Bush said he did not have the time to attend to his National Guard duties because he had a campaign to do (the Senate campaign of

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Dan Rather continued to stand by the story, and in subsequent interviews stated that he believed that the documents have never conclusively been proven to be forgeries – and that even if the documents are false, the underlying story is true.

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The Panel did not undertake a thorough examination of the authenticity of the Killian documents, but consulted Peter Tytell, a New York City-based forensic document examiner and typewriter and typography expert. Tytell had been contacted by

271: / TexANG standards", and for failure to submit to the physical examination as ordered. Killian also requested that a flight inquiry board be convened, as required by regulations, to examine the reasons for Bush's loss of flight status. 1076:

No generally recognized document experts have positively authenticated the memos. Since CBS used only faxed and photocopied duplicates, authentication to professional standards is impossible, regardless of the provenance of the originals.

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On September 21, CBS News addressed the contact with the Kerry campaign in its statement, saying "it is obviously against CBS News standards and those of every other reputable news organization to be associated with any political agenda."

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Linda James was "unable to reach a conclusion about the signature" and noted that the superscripted "th" was not in common use at the time the memos were allegedly written; she later recalled telling CBS, "the two memos she looked at 'had

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in format then, in the typography, and the scandal quickly spread to the mass media. CBS and Rather defended the authenticity and usage of the documents for two weeks, but other news organizations continued to scrutinize the evidence, and

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Dan Rather announced on November 23, 2004, that he would step down in early 2005 and on March 9, his 24th anniversary as anchor, he left the network. It is unclear whether or not Rather's retirement was directly caused by this incident.

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Based on what we now know, CBS News cannot prove that the documents are authentic, which is the only acceptable journalistic standard to justify using them in the report. We should not have used them. That was a mistake, which we deeply

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The telephone call prior to the segment's airing by the producer of the segment to a senior campaign official of Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry – a clear conflict of interest – that created the appearance of a political

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Rather presented footage of the Strong interview, introducing it by stating Robert Strong "is standing by his judgment that the documents are real", despite Strong's lack of standing to authenticate them and his brief exposure to the

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Two documents were provided by Burkett to Mapes on September 2 and four others on September 5, 2004. At that time, Burkett told Mapes that they were copies of originals that had been obtained from Killian's personal files via Chief

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At this time, Dan Rather first acknowledged there were problems in establishing the validity of the documents used in the report, stating: "If the documents are not what we were led to believe, I'd like to break that story."

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the standard." This stands in contrast to the statement of the president of CBS News that proof of authenticity is "the only acceptable journalistic standard". Also in November 2005, Mapes told readers of the

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reported that at least one of the documents obtained by CBS had a fax header indicating it had been faxed from a Kinko's copy center in Abilene, Texas, leading some to trace the documents back to Burkett.

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to find additional document examiners who would vouch for the authenticity of the documents instead of identifying the best examiners available regardless of whether they would support this position; and

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Once questions were raised about the September 8 segment, the reporting thereafter was mishandled and compounded the damage done. Among the more egregious shortcomings during the Aftermath were:

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The documents claimed that Bush had disobeyed orders while in the Guard, and that undue influence had been exerted on Bush's behalf to improve his record. The documents included the following:

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The false statement in the September 8 segment that an expert had authenticated the Killian documents when all he had done was authenticate one signature from one document used in the segment;

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The inaccurate press statements issued by CBS News after the broadcast of the segment that the source of the documents was "unimpeachable" and that experts had vouched for their authenticity;

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segment, Rather stated that the documents "were taken from Lieutenant Colonel Killian's personal files", and he falsely asserted that they had been authenticated by experts retained by CBS.

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management to scrutinize the publicly available, and at times controversial, background of the source of the documents, retired Texas Army National Guard Lieutenant Colonel Bill Burkett;

970:, CEO of CBS, stated "Dan Rather has already apologized for the segment and taken responsibility for his part in the broadcast. He voluntarily moved to set a date to step down from the 171:

refused to approve the film, and CBS refused to air advertisements for it. A CBS spokesman stated that it contained "too many distortions, evasions, and baseless conspiracy theories".

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Thornburgh–Boccardi report, p. 127: "This statement was without factual support"; "It is without question, however, that Matley did not authenticate any of the documents in question."

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on September 8. After introducing the documents, Rather said, in reference to Matley, "We consulted a handwriting analyst and document expert who believes the material is authentic."

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also received copies of the four documents used by CBS, reporting this and publishing them the morning after the CBS segment, along with two additional memos. Burkett was assured by

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Some Democratic critics of Bush suggested that the memos were produced by the Bush campaign to discredit the media's reporting on Bush's National Guard service. The chairman of the

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that day, Rather asserted "I know that this story is true. I believe that the witnesses and the documents are authentic. We wouldn't have gone to air if they would not have been."

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the number provided by Mapes, and both men stated they discussed Burkett's view of Kerry's presidential campaign strategy, not the existence of the documents or the related story.

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Dan Rather stated, "if I knew then what I know now – I would not have gone ahead with the story as it was aired, and I certainly would not have used the documents in question."

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The failure to find and interview the individual who was understood at the outset to be Lieutenant Colonel Burkett's source of the Killian documents, and thus to establish the

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Mapes and Smith made contact with Burkett in late August, and on August 24 Burkett offered to meet with them to share the documents he possessed, and later told reporters from

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Allowing many of the same individuals who produced and vetted the by-then controversial September 8 segment to also produce the follow-up news reports defending the segment;

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The misleading impression conveyed in the segment that Lieutenant Strong had authenticated the content of the documents when he did not have the personal knowledge to do so;

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Killian questioned one of the memos but stated that others "appeared legitimate" and characterized the collection as "a mixture of truth and fiction". In an interview with

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published a timeline of events surrounding the CBS story. Accordingly, on the September 9 morning after the "60 minutes" report, the broadcast was front-page news in the

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stated that the memos had been provided to them by CBS in the days prior to the report and that, "We had every reason to believe that they were authentic at that time."

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headline report on this interview, including the phrase "Fake but Accurate", created an immediate backlash from critics of CBS's broadcast. The conservative-leaning

354:). Associate producer Yvonne Miller left him a voicemail on September 7; he returned the call at 11 am on September 8 but was told they "did not need him anymore". 995:

Sunday edition, and reverted to its original title on July 8, 2005, when it was moved to the 8 p.m. Friday timeslot. It was cancelled in 2005 due to low ratings.

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dismissed Rather's lawsuit and stated that the lower court should have honored CBS's request to throw out the entire lawsuit instead of just throwing out parts.

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The failure to interview a range of former National Guardsmen who served with Lieutenant Colonel Killian and who had different perspectives about the documents;

1019:, "CBS News stands by the report the independent panel issued on this matter and to this day, no one has been able to authenticate the documents in question." 434:. MacDougald questioned the validity of the documents on the basis of their typography, writing that the memos were "in a proportionally spaced font, probably 49:'s animated GIF image comparing a memo purportedly typewritten in 1973 with a proportional-spaced document made in Microsoft Word with default settings in 2004 3600: 1299:

Of course your most famous bump-up in recognition came during the 2004 election. Can you just lay out the story for us? I called that post "The 61st Minute,"

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The misleading stories defending the segment that aired on the CBS Evening News after September 8 despite strong and multiple indications of serious flaws;

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Matley had referred to them as "poor material", that he had only opined about the signatures or that he had specifically not authenticated the documents.

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Soon after, CBS established a review panel "to help determine what errors occurred in the preparation of the report and what actions need to be taken".

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evidence, including documents that were provided by unimpeachable sources". The statement was replaced later that day with one that omitted this claim.

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Emily Will noted discrepancies in the signatures on the memos, and had questions about the letterhead, the proportional spacing of the font, the

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The failure to have a vetting process capable of dealing effectively with the production speed, significance and sensitivity of the segment; and

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quality" and that she did not authenticate them, telling ABC News, "I did not authenticate anything and I don't want it understood that I did."

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Mapes and her colleagues began interviewing people who might be able to corroborate the information in the documents, while also retaining four

5588: 1149: 526:(Rathergate) bloggers, Harry W. MacDougald, username "Buckhead", an Atlanta-based lawyer and Paul Boley, username "TankerKC", were awarded the 210:

for refusing "to falsify personnel records of Governor Bush", and in February 2004, when he claimed to have knowledge of "scrubbing" of Bush's

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Including Peter Tytell, Thomas Phinney, and Joseph Newcomer, a man with 35 years of computer font technology experience. See: Last, Jonathan.

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Some critics of CBS and Dan Rather argued that by proceeding with the story when the documents had not been authenticated, CBS was exhibiting

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Mapes informed Rather of the progress of the story, which was being targeted to air on September 8 along with footage of an interview with

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Rather concluded by stating, "If any definitive evidence to the contrary of our story is found, we will report it. So far, there is none."

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CBS News defending the segment, and to make any recommendations it deemed appropriate. Among the Panel's conclusions were the following:

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were compatible with how business was done but did not include a disclaimer that Strong was told to assume the documents were authentic.

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The failure to establish a basis for the statement in the segment that the documents "were taken from Colonel Killian's personal files";

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Preparing news stories that sought to support the segment, instead of providing accurate and balanced coverage of a raging controversy.

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The strident defense of the September 8 segment by CBS News without adequately probing whether any of the questions raised had merit;

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records. Mapes was "by her own account many in the press considered Burkett an 'anti-Bush zealot', his credibility in question".

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Prior to airing, all four of the examiners responded to Mapes' request for document analysis, though only two to Mapes directly:

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contact between Burkett and the Kerry campaign; Howard and Mapes subsequently disputed whether such permission had been given.

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Assaulted by a string of disasters – with "Rathergate" as the most recent example – the conventional press is on the defensive

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officer. Mapes and Dan Rather, among many other journalists, had been investigating for several years the story of Bush's

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inappropriate to air the report so close to the presidential election", CBS spokesman Kelli Edwards said in a statement.

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On the evening of September 15, CBS aired a segment that featured an interview with Marian Carr Knox, a secretary at

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documents were not authentic ... The Panel reaches no conclusion as to whether Tytell was correct in all respects."

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The next day the network announced it was forming an independent review panel to perform an internal investigation.

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report that featured the Killian documents. The suit named as defendants: CBS and its CEO, Leslie Moonves: Viacom,

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and the major television news networks. It also was receiving serious attention from conservative writers such as

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Burkett had received publicity in 2000, after making and then retracting a claim that he had been transferred to

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The archived link works only with JavaScript disabled in the browser; a version with all scripts disabled is

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Both Emily Will and Linda James suggested to Mapes that CBS contact typewriter expert Peter Tytell (son of

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Killian documents were not produced on a typewriter in the early 1970s and therefore were not authentic.

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On September 19, 2007, Rather filed a $ 70 million lawsuit against CBS and its former corporate parent,

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The failure to obtain clear authentication of any of the Killian documents from any document examiner;

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By the following day, questions about the authenticity of the documents were being publicized by the

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provided the documents to CBS, but he claims to have burned the originals after faxing them copies.

5593: 5388: 4682: 4470: 2847: 1542: 1247: 1109: 555: 534: 457: 335:"th" and the improper formatting of the date. Will requested other documents to use for comparison. 4465: 1467:

and document expert Sandra Ramsey Lines: "'I'm virtually certain these were computer generated,'"

1429: 5598: 5429: 3570:"Ex-staffer: Bush records are fake; Secretary to military officer says she never typed the memos" 1825: 1699: 943:

The controversy had long-reaching personal, political and legal consequences. In a 2010 issue of

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was challenged within minutes on Internet forums and blogs, with questions initially focused on

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CBS as showing that Staudt was interfering with evaluations of Bush was dated August 18, 1973."

42: 4609:

Page 31 is a November 3, 1970, memo from the office of Lt Col Killian on promotion of Lt Bush:

4387:

Noelle Straub (September 11, 2004). "CBS; Guard memos are authentic; Dems rip Bush's service".

3168: 2590: 585:

Rather defended the story and noted that its critics included "partisan political operatives".

5540: 5456: 4834: 4817: 4809: 4485: 3057: 2873: 2798: 2698: 2168: 1592: 1209: 666:. However, in the actual broadcast, neither interviewee asserted that the memos were genuine. 531: 187:

in uniform. Investigations into his military service led to the Killian documents controversy.

147: 4271: 5243: 3916: 3833: 3782: 3109: 2394: 2225: 1469: 1016: 866: 817: 759: 568: 462: 276: 160: 27:

Six documents containing unsubstantiated critical allegations about President George W. Bush

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Robert Sam Anson (September 20, 2004). "Who Is Buckhead? Kerry Assaulter Seemed Prepped".

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The most serious defects in the reporting and production of the September 8 segment were:

797: 785: 721: 670: 439: 233: 134: 4585: 2058: 1310:

Two entitled "Memo to File," one "Memorandum," and one "Memorandum for Record," see here

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of Little Green Footballs had posted his attempt to recreate one of the documents using

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to be disabled to work; a permalinked version of the link with all scripts disabled is

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On November 7, 2006, Rather defended the report in a radio interview, and rejected the

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in March of 2005." He added, "We believe any further action would not be appropriate."

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and freelance journalist Michael Smith, from Lieutenant Colonel Bill Burkett, a former

184: 156: 152: 138: 126: 66: 4573: 2030: 1189: 5582: 5531: 5213: 4772: 4024: 3708:"Rather Concedes Papers Are Suspect; CBS Anchor Urges Media to Focus On Bush Service" 3495: 2821: 2005: 523: 451: 351: 79: 4177: 4009:

Jacques Steinberg (February 26, 2005). "2 Involved in Flawed Report at CBS Resign".

422:

and the Southeastern Legal Foundation, and who had helped draft the petition to the

5353: 5344: 5119: 3681: 2527: 1137: 949:, Rather's report was ranked No. 3 on a list of TV's ten biggest "blunders". 816:, retired president and chief executive officer and former executive editor of the 631: 553:

The first newspaper articles questioning the documents appeared on September 10 in

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The memos, allegedly written in 1972 and 1973, were obtained by CBS News producer

179: 4941: 4664: 4659: 4654: 3282:"Your WordPress! Site hosted with CloudAccess.net – Just another WordPress site" 2869: 1448:

Also, Bill Flynn, "one of country's top authorities on document authentication."

1141: 1124:, suggested that the memos might have originated with long-time Bush strategist 967: 717: 639:

the spaces are added automatically." Bouffard's comments were also cited by the

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A note that Killian had grounded Bush from flying due to "failure to perform to

168: 17: 3496:"CBS News affirms its intention to continue to report all aspects of the story" 5412: 4849: 4750:

Graphic comparison of all the CBS memos with officially released Killian memos

4642: 3066: 1171: 1129: 1100: 991: 781: 657: 427: 407: 224: 192: 95: 74: 4669: 643:

in an article entitled "Authenticity backed on Bush documents". However, the

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broadcast aired by CBS on September 8, 2004, less than two months before the

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investigation's findings. In response, CBS spokesman Kevin Tedesco told the

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These are the Killian documents supplied to CBS Reports by Bill Burkett:

4202: 3357:. The Boston Globe, September 15, 2004. September 15, 2004. Archived from 3995: 1385: 945: 516: 435: 423: 411: 4286:"Document Experts Say CBS Ignored Memo 'Red Flags' (washingtonpost.com)" 3036:"Authenticity of memo to 'sugar coat' Bush record is further questioned" 962:

responsibility for the segment, Josh Howard resigned on March 25, 2005.

498:

Thirteen days after this controversy had emerged the national newspaper

5185: 3980: 3978: 415: 4846:, whose story is based on the Mapes book above about this controversy. 3947: 762:

and burned the original documents. Investigations by CBS, CNN and the

4418:

Matthew Continetti (October 4, 2004). "The Case of the Phony Memos".

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Howard Kurtz; Michael Dobbs; James V. Grimaldi (September 19, 2004).

2267: 2265: 828:

agent Erik T. Rigler, to gather further information about the story.

766:

failed to turn up evidence of "Lucy Ramirez" being an actual person.

510:. Additionally, the story was given two-thirds of a full page within 207: 4806:

Truth and Duty: The Press, the President, and the Privilege of Power

4766: 4354:"Critics Question No-Bias Finding By CBS Panel (washingtonpost.com)" 2606:"Buckhead, who said CBS memos were forged, is a GOP-linked attorney" 165:

Truth and Duty: The Press, the President, and the Privilege of Power

98:

obtained the copied documents from Burkett, a former officer in the

1158:

Rove and Stone have denied any involvement. In a 2008 interview in

4156:"Rather defends discredited 60 Minutes segment in radio interview" 780: 178: 41: 4855: 716:

Copies of the documents were first released to the public by the

4238:"CBS Agrees to Hand Over 'Rigler Report' to Rather's Legal Team" 3303:"IBM Archives: IBM Office Products Division highlights - page 2" 1899:

Johnson, Kevin; Moniz, Dave; Jim Drinkard (September 20, 2004).

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Moniz, Dave; Drinkard, Jim; Kevin Johnson (September 21, 2004).

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https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1210516/posts?page=107#107

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alleged failure to fulfill his obligations to the National Guard

65:) involved six documents containing allegations about President 5384: 4859: 3901: 2199:

Dave Moniz; Kevin Johnson; Jim Drinkard (September 21, 2004).

1943:

Dave Moniz; Kevin Johnson; Jim Drinkard (September 21, 2004).

1499:

Dave Moniz; Kevin Johnson; Jim Drinkard (September 21, 2004).

1314: 1132:, had "a known history of dirty tricks", and he asked whether 1012: 985:

After the Killian documents controversy, the show was renamed

825: 602: 491:

made mention of the controversy, along with an article on the

5380: 4850:"Dan Rather interviews Marion Carr Knox - September 15, 2004" 4078:"'60 Minutes' Delays Report Questioning Reasons for Iraq War" 145:

The story of the controversy was dramatized in the 2015 film

4511:

Kasindorf, Martin; Benedetto, Richard (September 21, 2004).

418:

attorney who had worked for conservative groups such as the

264:

An order directing Bush to submit to a physical examination.

4637:

Dan Rather interviews Marion Carr Knox - September 15, 2004

3809:"CBS Asserts It Was Misled by Ex-Officer on Bush Documents" 3807:

Rutenberg, Jim; Prendergast, Mark J. (September 20, 2004).

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Seelye, Katharine Q.; Rutenberg, Jim (September 10, 2004).

957:

CBS terminated Mary Mapes and demanded the resignations of

3063:

More challenges about whether Bush documents are authentic

410:. The initial analysis appeared in posts by "Buckhead", a 3735:. Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. September 15, 2004 3328:

Latour, Francie; Rezendes, Michael (September 11, 2004).

3258:

Latour, Francie; Rezendes, Michael (September 11, 2004).

1616: 1614: 1333:"Expert Cited by CBS Says He Didn't Authenticate Papers" 820:, made up the two-person review board. CBS also hired a 2194: 2192: 3591:

Balleza, Maureen; Zernike, Kate (September 15, 2004).

3471:"CBS' experts say they didn't authenticate Bush memos" 2316:

Ralph Blumenthal; Jim Rutenberg (September 12, 2004).

481:

with the default settings. The September 9 edition of

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Mass media-related controversies in the United States

4816:), by Mary Mapes, November 2005, St. Martin's Press, 3009:"Authenticity of new Bush military papers questioned" 2318:"An Ex-Officer Now Believes Guard Memo Isn't Genuine" 709:

proceeded to predict the end of CBS's news division.

669:

As a result, some CBS critics began to accuse CBS of

1362:

Ross, Brian; Howard Rosenberg (September 14, 2004).

544: 77:

presented four of these documents as authentic in a

5551: 5513: 5467: 5420: 5295: 5232: 5175: 5068: 5043: 5025: 5016: 4917: 4683:"The Complete Independent Panel Report on CBS News" 4268:"Appeals court dismisses Dan Rather's suit vs. CBS" 2981:"Commander's Son Questions Memos on Bush's Service" 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1331:Dobbs, Michael; Howard Kurtz (September 14, 2004). 1047:, chairman of both Viacom and CBS Corporation; and 133:Several months later, a CBS-appointed panel led by 4731:A Pentagon memo next to one of CBS's Killian memos 3733:"Scott McClellan briefing, September 15, 2004, at" 3593:"Memos on Bush Are Fake but Accurate, Typist Says" 3568:Crowe, Robert; Mason, Julie (September 15, 2004), 3490: 3488: 2576: 2574: 998: 736:CBS states that use of the documents was a mistake 236:George Conn, another former member of the TexANG. 4434:Stephen Dinan; Bill Sammon (September 22, 2004). 4052:"Analysis: Post-Mortem of CBS's Flawed Broadcast" 3003: 3001: 1140:would rule out any involvement by GOP consultant 461:and broke into mass media outlets, including the 3065:". The archived DallasNews.com article requires 2900:Michael Dobbs; Mike Allen (September 10, 2004). 2773:"Officer's Widow Questions Bush Guard Documents" 2142:Moniz, Dave; Drinkard, Jim (September 9, 2004). 2004:Carl Cameron; et al. (September 22, 2004). 4789:"Scoops and skepticism: How the story unfolded" 2895: 2893: 2547: 2545: 2281:Michael Dobbs; Mike Allen (September 9, 2004). 1561:"Scoops and skepticism: How the story unfolded" 1103:and attempting to influence the outcome of the 4178:"Transcript of WPTF interview with Dan Rather" 4025:"Final Figure in '60 Minutes' Scandal Resigns" 2902:"Some Question Authenticity of Papers on Bush" 2388: 2386: 2283:"Some Question Authenticity of Papers on Bush" 303:CBS investigations prior to airing the segment 299:that they would keep the source confidential. 5396: 4871: 4513:"Parties lob accusations over suspect papers" 2006:"Kerry Aide Talked to Bush Guard Docs Figure" 8: 5634:Political controversies in the United States 3756:"CBS Guard Documents Traced to Tex. Kinko's" 3228: 3226: 3163: 3161: 3135: 3133: 3131: 2554:"GOP Activist Made Allegations on CBS Memos" 2359: 2357: 1451:"Officer's Widow Questions Bush Guard Memos" 1364:"Document Analysts: CBS News Ignored Doubts" 5490:George W. Bush military service controversy 2532:"After Blogs Got Hits, CBS Got a Black Eye" 1669:"CBS Bans Ads for Dan Rather Movie 'Truth'" 1218:George W. Bush military service controversy 36:George W. Bush military service controversy 5403: 5389: 5381: 5022: 4878: 4864: 4856: 4741:The Paper Trail: A Comparison of Documents 4459: 4457: 4223:A PDF copy of the suit can be found on at 3856:"The Whacking of CBS (washingtonpost.com)" 2748:"No Disputing It: Blogs Are Major Players" 2366:"In Rush to Air, CBS Quashed Memo Worries" 1039:" over the controversy caused by the 2004 1026: 999:Mapes's and Rather's view of the documents 545:CBS's response and widening media coverage 3993:Battaglio, Stephen. "The Blunder Years", 3940:"Dan Rather's Long Goodbye: Who Done It?" 2583:"Atlantan challenged CBS documents first" 1873:Robinson, Walter V. (December 11, 2005). 1554: 1552: 1550: 359:September 8 segment and initial reactions 5629:2004 United States presidential election 4649:Statements of the CBS document examiners 4486:"Rove rejects charges he was CBS source" 2508:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 128–129. 2445:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 108–110. 2144:"Guard commander's memos criticize Bush" 1901:"CBS arranged for meeting with Lockhart" 539:Conservative Political Action Conference 5604:2004 controversies in the United States 4605:Bush documents from the TexANG archives 4311:"Thornburg-Boccardi Report, Appendix 4" 3968:Dick Thornburgh and Louis D. Boccardi, 3682:"All the News that's Fake but Accurate" 3580:from the original on September 15, 2004 3465: 3463: 3330:"Authenticity backed on Bush documents" 3085:"Rather Defends CBS Over Memos on Bush" 2666:Hayes, Stephen F. (September 9, 2004). 2483:David Folkenflik (September 13, 2004). 2059:"Memorandum for Record, August 1, 1972" 1428:, January 11, 2005, and Cohen, Sandee. 1233: 4600:(USA Today, six memos in one.pdf file) 4205:. Associated Press. September 20, 2007 3970:Report of the Independent Review Panel 3015:. Associated Press. September 10, 2004 2885:Jim Hoft, Proprietor of Gateway Pundit 2746:Wallsten, Peter (September 12, 2004). 2604:Wallsten, Peter (September 18, 2004). 2552:Wallsten, Peter (September 18, 2004). 2427:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 98–99. 2351:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 84–86. 2169:"Bush documents obtained by USA TODAY" 1994:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 90–91. 1933:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 64–65. 1924:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, pp. 60–62. 1847:Michael Rezendes (February 13, 2004). 1792:"Texan has made allegations for years" 1757:"Gaps in Service Continue to Dog Bush" 1439:, creativepro.com, September 23, 2004. 989:to differentiate it from the original 977:CBS was originally planning to show a 838:Report of the Independent Review Panel 792:the events that led to the CBS report. 5504:Killian documents authenticity issues 4625:60 Minutes II, September 8 transcript 4586:Memorandum For Record, August 1, 1972 3754:Dobbs, Michael (September 15, 2004). 3680:Taranto, James (September 15, 2004). 3199:Last, Jonathan (September 27, 2004). 2697:Boehlert, Eric (September 10, 2004). 1755:Dobbs, Michael (September 12, 2004). 1731:Ripley, Amanda (September 13, 2004). 1072:Killian documents authenticity issues 953:CBS personnel and programming changes 924: 394:Discussion quickly spread to various 73:in 1972–73, allegedly typed in 1973. 32:Killian documents authenticity issues 7: 5483:CBS News controversies and criticism 4701:"Exhibits and Appendices for report" 4655:Marcel B. Matley, September 14, 2004 4076:Zernike, Kate (September 25, 2004). 3781:Jarrett Murphy (February 11, 2009). 3706:Kurtz, Howard (September 16, 2004). 3657:. September 27, 2004. Archived from 3436:Emery, Noemie (September 21, 2004). 3083:Kurtz, Howard (September 11, 2004). 1388:. Associated Press. January 10, 2005 1051:, the former president of CBS News. 4899:43rd President of the United States 4660:James J. Pierce, September 14, 2004 4377:Thornburgh–Boccardi Report, p. 221. 4343:Thornburgh–Boccardi Report, p. 211. 4236:Gilette, Felix (January 23, 2008). 3984:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 175. 3624:"Ex-aide disavows Bush Guard memos" 3189:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 174. 3034:Slover, Pete (September 11, 2004). 2820:Rosen, James (September 10, 2004). 2723:Jim Geraghty (September 10, 2004). 2635:Grossman, Lev (December 19, 2004). 2517:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 130. 2436:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 101. 2306:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 103. 2271:Thornburgh-Boccardi Report, p. 103. 2259:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 129. 1559:Memmot, Mark (September 21, 2004). 1524:Thornburgh–Boccardi report, p. 127. 1386:"CBS ousts 4 over Bush Guard story" 1027:Rather's lawsuit against CBS/Viacom 788:, named by CBS to investigate with 473:. By the afternoon of September 9, 4707:. January 10, 2005. Archived from 4464:Brooks, Paul (February 22, 2005). 4334:Thornburgh–Boccardi report, p. 62. 4128:Mapes, Mary (September 20, 2007). 4031:. Associated Press. March 25, 2005 2846:Roger Aronoff (November 4, 2005), 2581:Baxter, Tom (September 19, 2004). 2418:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 86. 2342:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 12. 2250:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 88. 1970:"New Questions on Bush Guard Duty" 1875:"Truth and Duty: a distorted lens" 1780:Thornburgh-Boccardi report, p. 53. 1430:Making Headlines, Not Setting Them 1241:Jenny Attiyeh (February 3, 2005). 626:was introduced in 1966 for use by 323:Response of the document examiners 25: 5200:As the subject of books and films 4102:Mapes, Mary (November 11, 2005). 4050:Carter, Bill (January 11, 2005). 3405:Kevin Drum (September 10, 2004). 442:", and alleging that this was an 5364: 5363: 4670:Richard Katz, September 13, 2004 4665:Bill Glennon, September 13, 2004 4537:Toobin, Jeffrey (June 2, 2008). 4154:Baker, Mike (November 7, 2006). 3543:"For The Record: Bush Documents" 3169:"A Look Back At The Controversy" 2928:"CBS Stands By Bush-Guard Memos" 2822:"FOX Interviews Commander's Son" 2799:"New Scrutiny Of Bush's Service" 1202: 1188: 1174: 1035:, claiming they had made him a " 616: 4773:"Are the Bush Documents Fakes?" 2115:"Memo to File, August 18, 1973" 1849:"Doubts raised on Bush accuser" 1816:Bill Burkett (March 19, 2003). 1593:"Dan Rather Statement On Memos" 1282:Frontline (American TV program) 1223:Questioned document examination 1060:New York State Court of Appeals 528:Reed Irvine Award for New Media 167:. Former CBS President and CEO 163:. It is based on Mapes' memoir 3999:, November 1, 2010, pp. 20–21. 3919:. CBS News. September 22, 2004 3836:. CBS News. September 20, 2004 3686:The Wall Street Journal Online 3523:. CBS News. September 15, 2004 3501:. CBS News. September 15, 2004 3386:. CBS News. September 13, 2004 3239:. CBS News. September 11, 2004 3146:. CBS News. September 10, 2004 3061:also published this story as " 2849:AIM to Honor People in Pajamas 2699:"Swift Boat flacks attack CBS" 1624:. CBS News. September 22, 2004 810:United States Attorney General 1: 5589:Killian documents controversy 5497:Killian documents controversy 4970:Killian documents controversy 4769:, response by Joseph Newcomer 4592:Memo to File, August 18, 1973 4436:"Kerry camp rejects CBS link" 4104:""Final Days at "60 Minutes"" 3938:Hagen, Joe (March 13, 2005). 3917:"CBS News Statement On Panel" 3880:Jonathan V. Last, "Whitewash" 3834:"CBS Statement On Bush Memos" 3783:"CBS Statement On Bush Memos" 3651:"The fake but accurate media" 3381:"CBS Evening News Transcript" 3234:"CBS Evening News Transcript" 3141:"CBS Evening News Transcript" 3110:"Bush Guard Memos Questioned" 2801:. CBS News. September 9, 2004 2395:"GOP Slams CBS on Bush Memos" 2393:CBS/AP (September 15, 2004). 2226:"Bush Guard Memos Questioned" 1470:"Bush Guard Memos Questioned" 1409:"It's Worse Than You Thought" 1134:Republican National Committee 1118:Democratic National Committee 925:Panel's view of the documents 111:authenticity of the documents 55:Killian documents controversy 4963:Military service controversy 3972:. CBS News: January 5, 2005. 3171:. CBS News. January 11, 2005 2587:Atlanta Journal-Constitution 2087:"Memo to File, May 19, 1972" 1644:"Thornburgh-Boccardi report" 1622:"CBS Names Memo Probe Panel" 812:under George H.W. Bush, and 245:Lieutenant Governor of Texas 5264:41: A Portrait of My Father 4598:USA Today Killian documents 4565:Killian documents PDF files 4466:"Hinchey sees hand of Rove" 2870:"Annual Reed Irvine Awards" 2485:"Rather's doubters unmoved" 2456:"Transcript of CBS segment" 2201:"CBS backs off Guard story" 1945:"CBS backs off Guard story" 1501:"CBS backs off Guard story" 1287:Public Broadcasting Service 414:of Harry W. MacDougald, an 390:Internet skepticism spreads 282:A note (labeled "CYA" for " 159:as Mary Mapes, directed by 5650: 4775:, analysis by Richard Polt 4762:Columbia Journalism Review 4676:Thornburgh–Boccardi report 4580:Memo to File, May 19, 1972 2725:"About that Bush document" 2230:CBS News, Associated Press 1144:. At a community forum in 1105:2004 presidential election 1069: 840:on the September 8, 2004, 630:professionals to generate 85:2004 presidential election 29: 5609:2004 in American politics 5338: 4893: 4631:Transcript of CBS segment 4614:Bush enlistment documents 3473:. CNN. September 15, 2004 3262:. San Francisco Chronicle 3201:"What Blogs Have Wrought" 2031:"Memorandum, May 4, 1972" 1716:of story originally from 309:forensic document experts 100:Texas Army National Guard 5207:Fictionalized portrayals 4130:"Courage for Dan Rather" 3521:"CBS Defends Bush Memos" 2727:. National Review Online 836:On January 5, 2005, the 806:governor of Pennsylvania 777:Review panel established 698:Ellington Air Force Base 212:Texas Air National Guard 71:Texas Air National Guard 5448:My Kid Could Paint That 5007:Clinton Bush Haiti Fund 4574:Memorandum, May 4, 1972 4182:The News & Observer 1058:On September 29, 2009, 577:The Dallas Morning News 175:Background and timeline 125:and CBS News President 5552:International versions 5476:Brown & Williamson 5091:running mate selection 4907:46th Governor of Texas 4358:www.washingtonpost.com 4290:www.washingtonpost.com 3860:www.washingtonpost.com 3634:on September 18, 2004. 2637:"Blogs have their day" 2530:(September 20, 2004). 2333:Registration required. 1673:The Hollywood Reporter 1243:"Who's got the power?" 1092: 793: 752: 617:CBS's defense, apology 574:Also on September 10, 475:Charles Foster Johnson 467:National Review Online 426:Supreme Court for the 404:Little Green Footballs 197:US Army National Guard 188: 50: 47:Charles Foster Johnson 5619:Journalistic scandals 5000:Walker's Point Estate 4956:Presidential portrait 4935:Early life and career 4838:, 2015 film starring 4780:Overview timeline at 4539:"The Dirty Trickster" 4242:The New York Observer 3944:The New York Observer 3661:on September 22, 2004 3448:on September 23, 2004 3407:"Killian Memo Update" 3211:on September 23, 2004 3046:on September 12, 2005 2678:on September 10, 2004 2593:on September 3, 2005. 1489:, September 10, 2004. 1087: 1066:Authentication issues 784: 747: 382:Interview clips with 363:The segment entitled 182: 57:(also referred to as 45: 30:Further information: 5439:Mike Wallace Is Here 5274:Portraits of Courage 4993:Prairie Chapel Ranch 4949:Presidential library 4795:— September 21, 2004 4755:, September 19, 2004 4746:, September 18, 2004 4737:, September 14, 2004 4492:. September 22, 2004 4490:The Washington Times 4440:The Washington Times 3549:. September 15, 2004 3116:. September 10, 2004 2960:. September 10, 2004 2934:. September 10, 2004 2779:. September 10, 2004 2232:. September 10, 2004 1828:on February 10, 2006 1599:. September 20, 2005 1476:. September 10, 2004 1457:. September 10, 2004 1182:United States portal 1041:60 Minutes Wednesday 987:60 Minutes Wednesday 959:60 Minutes Wednesday 913:60 Minutes Wednesday 860:60 Minutes Wednesday 842:60 Minutes Wednesday 822:private investigator 690:60 Minutes Wednesday 678:60 Minutes Wednesday 601:In an appearance on 369:60 Minutes Wednesday 256:Content of the memos 4977:authenticity issues 4753:The Washington Post 4744:The Washington Post 4735:The Washington Post 4711:on January 12, 2005 4471:Times Herald-Record 4420:The Weekly Standard 4274:on October 2, 2009. 4248:on January 28, 2008 4134:The Huffington Post 4108:The Washington Post 3950:on October 29, 2007 3897:"CNN Sept 21, 2004" 3886:, January 10, 2005. 3884:The Weekly Standard 3760:The Washington Post 3712:The Washington Post 3655:The Weekly Standard 3628:Dallas Morning News 3442:The Weekly Standard 3205:The Weekly Standard 3089:The Washington Post 3040:Dallas Morning News 2906:The Washington Post 2672:The Weekly Standard 2370:The Washington Post 1976:. September 8, 2004 1853:Boston Globe online 1761:The Washington Post 1712:archived copy from 1426:The Weekly Standard 1415:on January 12, 2005 1337:The Washington Post 1248:The Harvard Gazette 1150:U.S. Representative 1110:The Washington Post 1095:Accusations of bias 634:copy; according to 556:The Washington Post 458:The Weekly Standard 5309:(2004 documentary) 4158:. Associated Press 4082:The New York Times 4056:The New York Times 4011:The New York Times 3813:The New York Times 3603:on October 5, 2015 3597:The New York Times 3411:Washington Monthly 3309:. January 23, 2003 2985:The New York Times 2647:on January 4, 2007 1818:"What do you say?" 1743:on January 4, 2013 1696:"What do you say?" 1675:. October 16, 2015 1435:2007-09-27 at the 794: 720:. Press Secretary 663:Washington Monthly 660:'s blog hosted at 624:Selectric Composer 622:at the time". The 561:The New York Times 420:Federalist Society 189: 155:as Dan Rather and 94:CBS News producer 69:'s service in the 51: 5614:Political forgery 5576: 5575: 5541:60 Minutes Sports 5378: 5377: 5171: 5170: 4986:Professional life 4725:Document analysis 4404:New York Observer 4389:The Boston Herald 3574:Houston Chronicle 3438:"Dear Mr. Rather" 3417:on March 15, 2006 3058:The Seattle Times 2874:Accuracy in Media 2752:Los Angeles Times 2616:on August 9, 2007 2610:The Seattle Times 2558:Los Angeles Times 2489:The Baltimore Sun 1720:, March 19, 2003. 1718:onlinejournal.com 1210:Journalism portal 532:Accuracy in Media 522:In 2006, the two 16:(Redirected from 5641: 5569: 5562: 5544: 5535: 5526: 5506: 5499: 5492: 5485: 5478: 5460: 5451: 5442: 5433: 5405: 5398: 5391: 5382: 5371: 5367: 5366: 5357: 5348: 5331: 5321: 5311: 5288: 5284:Out of Many, One 5278: 5268: 5258: 5248: 5244:A Charge to Keep 5225: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5162: 5155: 5148: 5141: 5134: 5123: 5114: 5107: 5100: 5093: 5086: 5079: 5061: 5054: 5036: 5023: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4988: 4979: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4951: 4944: 4937: 4930: 4910: 4902: 4880: 4873: 4866: 4857: 4791:— timeline from 4720: 4718: 4716: 4696: 4694: 4692: 4687: 4554: 4553: 4551: 4549: 4534: 4528: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4508: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4482: 4476: 4475: 4461: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4447: 4431: 4425: 4424:via Lexis/Nexis. 4423: 4415: 4409: 4408:via Lexis/Nexis. 4407: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4384: 4378: 4375: 4369: 4368: 4366: 4364: 4350: 4344: 4341: 4335: 4332: 4326: 4325: 4323: 4321: 4315: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4270:. 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Blount 161:James Vanderbilt 21: 18:Marian Carr Knox 5649: 5648: 5644: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5579: 5578: 5577: 5572: 5565: 5558: 5547: 5538: 5529: 5520: 5509: 5502: 5495: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5463: 5454: 5445: 5436: 5427: 5416: 5409: 5379: 5374: 5362: 5351: 5342: 5334: 5324: 5314: 5307:Fahrenheit 9/11 5304: 5297: 5291: 5281: 5271: 5261: 5254:Decision Points 5251: 5241: 5228: 5219: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5167: 5158: 5151: 5144: 5137: 5130: 5117: 5110: 5103: 5096: 5089: 5082: 5075: 5064: 5057: 5050: 5039: 5032: 5012: 5005: 4998: 4991: 4984: 4975: 4968: 4961: 4954: 4947: 4940: 4933: 4926: 4919: 4913: 4905: 4897: 4889: 4884: 4830: 4802: 4800:Further reading 4785: 4767:"CJR Fallacies" 4727: 4714: 4712: 4699: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4681: 4678: 4651: 4639: 4627: 4607: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4536: 4535: 4531: 4521: 4519: 4510: 4509: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4484: 4483: 4479: 4463: 4462: 4455: 4445: 4443: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4417: 4416: 4412: 4401: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4376: 4372: 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1789: 1788: 1784: 1779: 1775: 1765: 1763: 1754: 1746: 1744: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1705: 1703: 1702:on June 9, 2008 1694: 1693:Burkett, Bill. 1692: 1688: 1678: 1676: 1667: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1641: 1637: 1627: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1612: 1602: 1600: 1591: 1590: 1579: 1569: 1567: 1558: 1557: 1548: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1509: 1507: 1498: 1497: 1493: 1479: 1477: 1468: 1460: 1458: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1437:Wayback Machine 1418: 1416: 1407: 1405: 1401: 1391: 1389: 1384: 1383: 1379: 1369: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1346: 1344: 1343:on May 14, 2011 1330: 1329: 1325: 1319:Washington Post 1309: 1305: 1292: 1290: 1271: 1270: 1266: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1208: 1203: 1201: 1196:Politics portal 1194: 1187: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1170: 1153:Maurice Hinchey 1146:Utica, New York 1122:Terry McAuliffe 1097: 1074: 1068: 1045:Sumner Redstone 1029: 1006:Washington Post 1001: 955: 941: 927: 911:The efforts by 858:The failure of 834: 798:Dick Thornburgh 786:Dick Thornburgh 779: 764:Washington Post 738: 729:Washington Post 722:Scott McClellan 707:Weekly Standard 703:New York Times' 682: 671:expert shopping 619: 547: 508:Washington Post 440:Times New Roman 392: 361: 325: 305: 258: 234:Warrant Officer 183:1st Lieutenant 177: 135:Dick Thornburgh 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5647: 5645: 5637: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5581: 5580: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5563: 5555: 5553: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5545: 5536: 5527: 5517: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5507: 5500: 5493: 5486: 5479: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5452: 5443: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5417: 5410: 5408: 5407: 5400: 5393: 5385: 5376: 5375: 5373: 5372: 5359: 5358: 5354:Barack Obama → 5349: 5345:← Bill Clinton 5339: 5336: 5335: 5333: 5332: 5327:George W. Bush 5322: 5312: 5301: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5279: 5269: 5259: 5249: 5238: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5226: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5181: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5165: 5164: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5128: 5127: 5126: 5125: 5124: 5108: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5072: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5029: 5027: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5003: 4996: 4989: 4982: 4981: 4980: 4973: 4959: 4952: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4928:Childhood home 4923: 4921: 4915: 4914: 4912: 4911: 4903: 4894: 4891: 4890: 4887:George W. Bush 4885: 4883: 4882: 4875: 4868: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4847: 4844:Robert Redford 4840:Cate Blanchett 4829: 4828:In other media 4826: 4825: 4824: 4801: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4776: 4770: 4764: 4756: 4747: 4738: 4726: 4723: 4722: 4721: 4697: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4650: 4647: 4646: 4645: 4638: 4635: 4634: 4633: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4606: 4603: 4602: 4601: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4560:External links 4558: 4556: 4555: 4543:The New Yorker 4529: 4503: 4477: 4453: 4426: 4410: 4394: 4379: 4370: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4302: 4277: 4259: 4228: 4216: 4194: 4169: 4146: 4120: 4094: 4068: 4042: 4016: 4013:. p. B18. 4001: 3986: 3974: 3961: 3930: 3908: 3888: 3872: 3847: 3825: 3799: 3773: 3746: 3724: 3698: 3672: 3642: 3622:Slover, Pete. 3614: 3583: 3576:, p. 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Bush 176: 173: 157:Cate Blanchett 153:Robert Redford 139:Louis Boccardi 127:Andrew Heyward 67:George W. 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