40:
377:
134:
420:
306:
288:
350:
On 24 June 1897, the
Tsarist authorities carried out mass arrests of people in Saint Petersburg suspected of involvement in a Narodnik printing operation. Vetrova knew a number of the people who were arrested. On 2 January
200:; 3 January 1870 – 24 February 1897) was a Ukrainian teacher and revolutionary. After working as a teacher in different parts of Ukraine and briefly joining a theatre troupe, she joined a socialist circle in
293:. They travelled throughout Ukraine, playing to small theatres with basic costumes and sets. But when she went to give her first performance, she got stage fright and left the theatre troupe.
743:
331:. But she was quickly disappointed by her professors, whose lectures she found intellectually unstimulating. The following year she met Tolstoy himself, who inspired her to become a
355:
22 December 1896], she was arrested for possessing anti-government propaganda and also suspected of involvement in the revolutionary printing operation. She was imprisoned in
275:, she was raised as an orphan by a peasant woman who she called her "grandmother". In 1888, she graduated from college as a teacher, going on to teach at a rural school in
738:
282:
Her meagre teacher's salary was insufficient to support her, and she became lonely in the small rural village. In April 1889, she joined the
Ukrainian acting troupe of
728:
323:'s article "What is Happiness?" As the years passed, she became increasingly driven to continue her studies. In 1894, she left Azov and enrolled in the
691:Ветрова Мария Федосеевна // Большая советская энциклопедия : / гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. — 3-е изд. — М. : Советская энциклопедия, 1969–1978.
718:
605:
676:Памяти Марьи Федосьевны Ветровой. Б/м, 1898; Ростов Н. Самоубийство М.Ф.Ветровой и студенческие беспорядки 1897 г. "Каторга и ссылка", 1926, No. 2
212:, but was encouraged to become a revolutionary after meeting Tolstoy himself. She was arrested for anti-Tsarist publishing activities and died by
768:
406:
to pay their respects to
Vetrova, but the memorial service was banned, and 850 demonstrators were arrested. Among those in attendance were
328:
460:, while clandestine revolutionary organisations issued proclamations in her name. Leo Tolstoy himself also paid tribute to her memory.
763:
758:
748:
733:
635:
469:
403:
372:
129:
644:
594:
753:
446:
368:
364:
352:
225:
371:
12 February] 1897. The prison authorities attempted to cover up her suicide, and she was secretly buried in the
220:. Her death became a rallying cry for the rise of an anti-Tsarist student movement, inspiring dedications by Tolstoy and
242:
68:
411:
437:
recalled the day as his "baptism of fire" and the start of a period of sustained public activism against the
586:
356:
217:
103:
694:Брайнин И. Б., Шапошников В. Г. Ветровские демонстрации // Вопросы истории. — 1983. — No. 2. — С. 178–181.
613:
248:
74:
415:
300:
to resume work as a teacher. There she joined the local socialist circle and became close friends with
283:
713:
708:
434:
430:
344:
301:
723:
264:
193:
237:
63:
590:
438:
324:
580:
457:
391:
336:
256:
209:
107:
679:Самоубийство М. Ф. Ветровой и студенческие беспорядки // Каторга и ссылка. — 1926. — No. 2.
426:
407:
360:
213:
119:
453:
252:
78:
702:
332:
685:Ростов Н. Драма в Бастионе. — М.: Библиотека «Огонёк» No. 27 (752), сентябрь 1933.
442:
441:. Kazan Cathedral became a focal point for further student demonstrations, with
320:
221:
205:
445:'s reflections on one demonstration in 1901 becoming the revolutionary anthem "
630:
340:
146:
670:В. Бахирев (псевд. В. Махновца). Как держать себя на допросах. — август 1900.
390:
News of her death leaked the following month, provoking student protests in
181:
367:
8 February] 1897 and died from her burns on 24 February [
39:
316:
312:
402:. On 4 March 1897, five thousand people gathered at Saint Petersburg's
276:
268:
260:
83:
395:
272:
532:
530:
528:
526:
524:
522:
640:
399:
297:
201:
319:. She became an eager reader and was particularly inspired by
633:[VITROVA Mariia Fedosiivna]. In Smoliy, V. A. (ed.).
673:Могилянский М. В девяностые годы // Былое. — 1924. — No. 24.
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
487:
485:
236:
Mariia
Fedosiivna Vetrova was born on 3 January 1870, in
608:[Mariia Vetrova in the memory of generations].
682:Куделли П. Ф. Народовольцы на перепутье. — Л., 1926.
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
177:
169:
152:
142:
125:
115:
92:
49:
23:
667:Homo Маруся Вітрова. "Житє і слово", 1897, кн. 2
452:Vetrova was declared a revolutionary martyr by
16:Ukrainian teacher and revolutionary (1870-1897)
744:Prisoners who died in Russian Empire detention
8:
688:Чала Л. Не даремно! "Вітчизна", 1964, No. 8.
536:
513:
38:
20:
739:Prisoners of the Peter and Paul Fortress
604:Shulyatikov, Vladimir (16 March 2010).
481:
271:woman, Oleksandra Vetrova, and a local
561:
540:
204:and became a devotee of the works of
7:
343:at a workers' Sunday school, at the
329:Saint Petersburg Imperial University
629:Usenko, Pavlo Heorhiyovych (2003).
636:Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine
606:"Мария Ветрова в памяти поколений"
470:List of political self-immolations
14:
729:People from Chernihiv Governorate
719:19th-century Ukrainian actresses
579:Evans Clements, Barbara (1997).
645:Institute of History of Ukraine
208:. She continued her studies in
335:. She then began teaching the
1:
639:(in Ukrainian). Vol. 1.
447:The Song of the Stormy Petrel
226:The Song of the Stormy Petrel
612:(in Russian). Archived from
224:, the latter of whom wrote "
769:Suicides by self-immolation
785:
631:"ВІТРОВА Марія Федосіївна"
764:Ukrainian women educators
759:Ukrainian stage actresses
749:Ukrainian revolutionaries
734:People of Cossack descent
363:on 20 February [
197:
190:Mariia Fedosiivna Vetrova
37:
30:
373:Transfiguration Cemetery
198:Марія Федосіївна Вєтрова
130:Transfiguration Cemetery
31:
587:University of Cambridge
357:Peter and Paul Fortress
218:Peter and Paul Fortress
104:Peter and Paul Fortress
249:Chernihiv Governorate
75:Chernihiv Governorate
754:Ukrainian socialists
44:Vetrova in the 1890s
435:Stanislav Strumilin
431:Nestor Kotlyarevsky
345:Obukhov State Plant
116:Cause of death
265:illegitimate child
616:on 8 January 2021
439:Tsarist autocracy
416:Vladimir Lamansky
325:Bestuzhev Courses
187:
186:
170:Years active
776:
655:
653:
651:
625:
623:
621:
600:
565:
559:
544:
537:Shulyatikov 2010
534:
517:
514:Shulyatikov 2010
511:
458:Borys Hrinchenko
424:
392:Saint Petersburg
381:
337:Russian language
310:
292:
284:Mykola Sadovskyy
257:Chernihiv Oblast
246:
210:Saint Petersburg
199:
138:
110:, Russian Empire
108:Saint Petersburg
99:
96:24 February 1897
87:
72:
59:
57:
42:
21:
784:
783:
779:
778:
777:
775:
774:
773:
699:
698:
697:
663:
661:Further reading
658:
649:
647:
628:
619:
617:
603:
597:
582:Bolshevik Women
578:
574:
569:
568:
560:
547:
535:
520:
512:
483:
478:
466:
427:Sergey Platonov
418:
408:Nikolay Beketov
404:Kazan Cathedral
388:
375:
351:1897 [
304:
286:
240:
234:
228:" as a result.
214:self-immolation
165:
132:
120:Self-immolation
111:
101:
97:
88:
81:
66:
61:
55:
53:
45:
33:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
782:
780:
772:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
701:
700:
696:
695:
692:
689:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
664:
662:
659:
657:
656:
626:
601:
595:
589:. p. 25.
575:
573:
570:
567:
566:
545:
518:
480:
479:
477:
474:
473:
472:
465:
462:
454:Mykola Voronyi
412:Nikolai Kareev
387:
384:
361:self-immolated
253:Russian Empire
233:
230:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
164:
163:
160:
156:
154:
150:
149:
144:
140:
139:
127:
123:
122:
117:
113:
112:
102:
100:(aged 27)
94:
90:
89:
79:Russian Empire
62:
60:3 January 1870
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
25:Mariia Vetrova
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
781:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
706:
704:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
665:
660:
646:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
592:
588:
584:
583:
577:
576:
571:
563:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
529:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
488:
486:
482:
475:
471:
468:
467:
463:
461:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
422:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
385:
383:
379:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
333:revolutionary
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
303:
302:Antip Kulakov
299:
296:She moved to
294:
290:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
244:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
195:
191:
183:
180:
176:
172:
168:
161:
158:
157:
155:
151:
148:
145:
141:
136:
131:
128:
126:Resting place
124:
121:
118:
114:
109:
105:
95:
91:
85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
52:
48:
41:
36:
32:Марія Вєтрова
29:
22:
19:
648:. Retrieved
634:
618:. Retrieved
614:the original
609:
581:
572:Bibliography
451:
389:
359:, where she
349:
295:
281:
255:(modern-day
235:
189:
188:
98:(1897-02-24)
18:
714:1897 deaths
709:1870 births
562:Usenko 2003
541:Usenko 2003
443:Maxim Gorky
419: [
376: [
321:Leo Tolstoy
305: [
287: [
241: [
222:Maxim Gorky
206:Leo Tolstoy
153:Occupations
143:Nationality
133: [
67: [
703:Categories
650:10 January
620:10 January
596:0521599202
476:References
341:arithmetic
56:1870-01-03
724:Narodniks
247:, in the
238:Solonivka
232:Biography
194:Ukrainian
182:Narodniks
173:1888–1897
147:Ukrainian
64:Solonivka
610:Gorodnya
464:See also
317:Taganrog
313:Narodnik
178:Movement
277:Liubech
269:Cossack
263:). The
261:Ukraine
251:of the
216:in the
159:Teacher
84:Ukraine
593:
396:Moscow
386:Legacy
273:notary
423:]
380:]
315:from
309:]
291:]
267:of a
245:]
162:actor
137:]
82:(now
71:]
652:2024
641:Kyiv
622:2024
591:ISBN
456:and
429:and
400:Kyiv
398:and
369:O.S.
365:O.S.
353:O.S.
339:and
311:, a
298:Azov
202:Azov
93:Died
50:Born
449:".
327:at
705::
643::
585:.
548:^
539:;
521:^
484:^
433:.
425:,
421:ru
414:,
410:,
394:,
382:.
378:ru
347:.
307:ru
289:uk
279:.
259:,
243:uk
196::
135:ru
106:,
77:,
73:,
69:uk
654:.
624:.
599:.
564:.
543:.
516:.
192:(
86:)
58:)
54:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
