966:, marine engineers must consider whether they will use a "gray" infrastructure solution - such as a breakwater, culvert, or sea wall made from rocks and concrete - or a "green" infrastructure solution that incorporates aquatic plants, mangroves, and/or marsh ecosystems. It has been found that gray infrastructure costs more to build and maintain, but it may provide better protection against ocean forces in high-energy wave environments. A green solution is generally less expensive and more well-integrated with local vegetation, but may be susceptible to erosion or damage if executed improperly. In many cases engineers will select a hybrid approach that combines elements of both gray and green solutions.
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that moves the fluids through the system. Cavitation is also seen in propulsion. Low pressure pockets form on the surface of the propeller blades as its revolutions per minute increase (IIMS, 2015). Cavitation on the propeller causes a small but violent implosion which could warp the propeller blade. To remedy the issue, more blades allow the same amount of propulsion force but at a lower rate of revolutions. This is crucial for submarines as the propeller needs to keep the vessel relatively quiet to stay hidden. With more propeller blades, the vessel is able to achieve the same amount of propulsion force at lower shaft revolutions.
1083:. The industry trend has been towards smaller, more accurate and more affordable systems so that they can be purchased and used by university departments and small companies as well as large corporations, research organisations and governments. The sensors and instruments are fitted to autonomous and remotely-operated systems as well as ships, and are enabling these systems to take on tasks that hitherto required an expensive human-crewed platform. Manufacture of marine sensors and instruments mainly takes place in Asia, Europe and North America. Products are advertised in specialist journals, and through
736:. What makes the naval architect's job unique is that a ship operates in two fluids simultaneously: water and air. Even after a ship has been designed and put to sea, marine engineers face the challenge of balancing cargo, as stacking containers vertically increases the mass of the ship and shifts the center of gravity higher. The weight of fuel also presents a problem, as the pitch of the ship may cause the liquid to shift, resulting in an imbalance. In some vessels, this offset will be counteracted by storing water inside larger
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holding tank to be separated before being tested again. The tank it is sent back to, the oily water separator, utilizes gravity to separate the fluids due to their viscosity. Ships over 400 gross tons are required to carry the equipment to separate oil from bilge water. Further, as enforced by MARPOL, all ships over 400 gross tons and all oil tankers over 150 gross tons are required to log all oil transfers in an oil record book (EPA, 2011).
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however, this number is expected to increase to 9,200 by 2026 (BLS, 2017). This is due at least in part to the critical role of the shipping industry on the global market supply chain; 80% of the world's trade by volume is done overseas by close to 50,000 ships, all of which require marine engineers aboard and shoreside (ICS, 2017). Additionally, offshore energy continues to grow, and a greater need exists for
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764:) to serve as a "sacrificial anode" in the corrosion reaction. This causes the metal to corrode instead of the ship's hull. Another way to prevent corrosion is by sending a controlled amount of low DC current through the ship's hull, thereby changing the hull's electrical charge and delaying the onset of electro-chemical corrosion. Similar problems are encountered in coastal and offshore structures.
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943:), marine engineers must overcome an array of design challenges. Equipment must be able to operate at extreme temperatures for prolonged periods of time, often with little to no maintenance. This creates the need for exceptionally temperature-resistant materials and durable precision electronic components.
1003:, which operate underwater without a human aboard. UUVs often perform work in locations which would be otherwise impossible or difficult to access by humans due to a number of environmental factors (e.g. depth, remoteness, and/or temperature). UUVs can be remotely operated by humans, like in the case of
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designs. Harbors can be natural or artificial and protect anchored ships from wind, waves, and currents. Ports can be defined as a city, town, or place where ships are moored, loaded, or unloaded. Ports typically reside within a harbor and are made up of one or more individual terminals that handle a
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introduced a global sulfur cap in 2020, limiting the sulfur content in marine fuels to 0.5% in most areas. This regulation aims to reduce the environmental impact of shipping and protect marine life from the harmful effects of sulfur emissions. In addition, the IMO’s 2023 strategy on the reduction of
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In the engineering of seagoing vessels, naval architecture is concerned with the overall design of the ship and its propulsion through the water, while marine engineering ensures that the ship systems function as per the design. Although they have distinctive disciplines, naval architects and marine
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is the process of forming an air bubble in a liquid due to the vaporization of that liquid cause by an area of low pressure. This area of low pressure lowers the boiling point of a liquid allowing it to vaporize into a gas. Cavitation can take place in pumps, which can cause damage to the impeller
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Marine construction is the process of building structures in or adjacent to large bodies of water, usually the sea. These structures can be built for a variety of purposes, including transportation, energy production, and recreation. Marine construction can involve the use of a variety of building
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Other forms of marine growth such as mussels and algae may attach themselves to the bottom of a ship's hull. This growth interferes with the smoothness and uniformity of the ship's hull, causing the ship to have a less hydrodynamic shape that causes it to be slower and less fuel-efficient. Marine
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In the same way that civil engineers design to accommodate wind loads on building and bridges, marine engineers design to accommodate a ship or submarine struck by waves millions of times over the course of the vessel's life. These load conditions are also found in marine construction and coastal
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In 2012, the average annual earnings for marine engineers in the U.S. were $ 96,140 with average hourly earnings of $ 46.22. As a field, marine engineering is predicted to grow approximately 12% from 2016 to 2026. Currently, there are about 8,200 naval architects and marine engineers employed,
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Water, oil, and other substances collect at the bottom of the ship in what is known as the bilge. Bilge water is pumped overboard, but must pass a pollution threshold test of 15 ppm (parts per million) of oil to be discharged. Water is tested and either discharged if clean or recirculated to a
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are dedicated to teaching and training students in maritime professions. Marine engineers generally have a bachelor's degree in marine engineering, marine engineering technology, or marine systems engineering. Practical training is valued by employers alongside the bachelor's degree.
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The shipping industry has been working towards reducing harmful emissions, including sulfur emissions from burning marine fuels. Ships traditionally burn heavy fuel oil, which releases sulfur dioxide, contributing to ocean acidification and atmospheric pollution. In response, the
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669:(UUVs) stands to benefit from the use of autonomous algorithms and networking. Marine engineers aim to learn how advancements in autonomy and networking can be used to enhance existing UUV technologies and facilitate the development of more capable underwater vehicles.
1075:. These have a high bandwidth compared with acoustic systems, but the range is usually only a few tens of metres, and ideally at night. As well as acoustic communications and navigation, sensors have been developed to measure ocean parameters such as temperature,
645:, carrying as much as 99 percent of total global internet and signal traffic. These cables must be engineered to withstand deep-sea environments that are remote and often unforgiving, with extreme pressures and temperatures as well as potential interference by
1039:. High-frequency sound is used to measure the depth of the ocean, determine the nature of the seafloor, and detect submerged objects. The higher the frequency, the higher the definition of the data that is returned. Sound Navigation and Ranging or
66:. Here it is also taken to include the engineering of other ocean systems and structures – referred to in certain academic and professional circles as "ocean engineering". After completing this degree one can join a ship as an officer in
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Oceanography is a scientific field concerned with the acquisition and analysis of data to characterize the ocean. Although separate disciplines, marine engineering and oceanography are closely intertwined: marine engineers often use
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due to the pollution created. It is commercially advantageous due to the cost effectiveness compared to other marine fuels. It is prospected that heavy fuel oil will be phased out of commercial use by the year 2020 (Smith, 2018).
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gathered by oceanographers to inform their design and research, and oceanographers use tools designed by marine engineers (more specifically, oceanographic engineers) to advance their understanding and exploration of the ocean.
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a distinctive field from marine engineering, which is concerned with the design and application of shipboard systems specifically. However, on account of its similar nomenclature and multiple overlapping core disciplines (e.g.
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greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions sets ambitious goals to further cut carbon emissions and promote the use of alternative fuels and technologies to ensure long-term sustainability in the maritime industry, as explained in the
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is the process of eliminating obstructive organisms from essential components of seawater systems. Depending on the nature and location of marine growth, this process is performed in a number of different ways:
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and ocean systems. It includes but is not limited to power and propulsion plants, machinery, piping, automation and control systems for marine vehicles of any kind, as well as coastal and offshore structures.
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Marine engineering incorporates many aspects of mechanical engineering. One manifestation of this relationship lies in the design of shipboard propulsion systems. Mechanical engineers design the main
1051:, and has been greatly refined through to the present day. Submarines similarly use sonar equipment to detect and target other submarines and surface ships, and to detect submerged obstacles such as
1230:. Marine engineers plan and design various types of marine terminals and structures found in ports, and they must understand the loads imposed on these structures over the course of their lifetime.
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A knowledge of marine engineering proves useful in the field of petroleum engineering, as hydrodynamics and seabed integration serve as key elements in the design and maintenance of offshore
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to derive highly detailed images of the ocean floor. High power systems can penetrate the soil and seabed rocks to give information about the geology of the seafloor, and are widely used in
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is traditionally regarded as the first marine engineer, having developed a number of marine engineering systems in antiquity. Modern marine engineering dates back to the beginning of the
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Conferences in the field of marine engineering include the IEEE Oceanic
Engineering Society's OCEANS Conference and Exposition and the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference (EWTEC).
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applications. Many designs have been proposed and numerous prototypes have been built, but the problem of harnessing wave energy in a cost-effective manner remains largely unresolved.
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The saltwater environment faced by seagoing vessels makes them highly susceptible to corrosion. In every project, marine engineers are concerned with surface protection and preventing
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With a diverse engineering background, marine engineers work in a variety of industry jobs across every field of math, science, technology, and engineering. A few companies such as
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specialize in marine engineering, while other companies consult marine engineers for specific projects. Such consulting commonly occurs in the oil industry, with companies such as
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is essential to a marine engineer's repertoire of skills. These and other mechanical engineering subjects serve as an integral component of the marine engineering curriculum.
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point straight down and can give an accurate reading of ocean depth (or look up at the underside of sea-ice). More advanced echo sounders use a fan-shaped beam or sound, or
807:, releases its ion into the water, creating an environment that is too toxic for bio-matter. The second metal, aluminum, coats the inside of the pipes to prevent corrosion.
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tanks. Marine engineers are responsible for the task of balancing and tracking the fuel and ballast water of a ship. Floating offshore structures have similar constraints.
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Michael E. McCormick, Professor
Emeritus of the Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy and pioneer of wave energy research
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Graduate students in ocean engineering take classes on more advanced, in-depth subjects while conducting research to complete a graduate-level thesis. The
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applies a mixture of civil engineering and other disciplines to create coastal solutions for areas along or near the ocean. In protecting coastlines from
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Civil engineering concepts play in an important role in many marine engineering projects such as the design and construction of ocean structures, ocean
706:. Some examples of marine structures include ships, offshore platforms, moorings, pipelines, cables, wharves, bridges, tunnels, breakwaters and docks.
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techniques are continuously modified and improved to recover shipwrecks. Marine engineers use their skills to assist at some stages of this process.
74:. This rank is one of the top ranks onboard and is equal to the rank of a ship's captain. Marine engineering is the highly preferred course to join
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An electrolytic method of anti-fouling involves running electrical current through two anodes (Scardino, 2009). These anodes typically consist of
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Society of Naval
Architects and Marine Engineers(2013) About SNAME, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Retrieved April 2, 2014
491:), "ocean engineering" sometimes operates under the umbrella term of "marine engineering", especially in industry and academia outside of the
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marked the first sea voyage from
America to Europe. Around 50 years later the steam powered paddle wheels had a peak with the creation of the
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would become the front runners of the steamship industry for the next thirty years till the next type of propulsion came around.
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degree specifically in ocean engineering. Accredited programs consist of basic undergraduate math and science subjects such as
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Marine organisms may grow and attach to the surfaces of the outboard suction inlets used to obtain water for cooling systems.
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systems are typically designed by their suppliers; the only design responsibility of the marine engineering is installation.
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may be required. There are also Marine engineers who have come from other disciplines, e.g., from engineering fields like
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1396:(SNAME) is a worldwide society that is focused on the advancement of the maritime industry. SNAME was founded in 1893.
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handling, heating, ventilation, air conditioning interior and exterior communication, and other related requirements.
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often perform work related to marine engineering. Military contractors (especially those in naval shipyards) and the
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The burning of marine fuels releases harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. Ships burn marine diesel in addition to
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1951:"Combining gray and green infrastructure to improve coastal resilience: lessons learnt from hybrid flood defenses."
1938:"Combining gray and green infrastructure to improve coastal resilience: lessons learnt from hybrid flood defenses."
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This article is about a field of design engineering. For the operating engineer also called a marine engineer, see
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A number of systems designed fully or in part by marine engineers are used offshore - far away from coastlines.
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involves running high electrical current through sea water, altering the water's chemical composition to create
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with a higher yield than wind farms on land, while encountering less resistance from the general public (
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The following categories provide a number of focus areas in which marine engineers direct their efforts.
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follows the story of the team that built a submersible in which
Cameron made the first solo descent to
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farms encounter many similar marine engineering challenges to oil platforms. They provide a source of
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growth on the hull can be remedied by using special paint that prevents the growth of such organisms.
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degree such as M.Eng, M.S., M.Sc. or M.A.Sc. in Marine
Engineering after graduating from a different
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Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering. Ocean Engineering home.
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Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering. Ocean Engineering home.
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2172:"Research Area: Ocean Science and Engineering | MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering"
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for students studying ocean engineering and other ocean-related topics at the graduate level.
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http://www.bls.gov/ooh/architecture-and-engineering/marine-engineers-and-naval-architects.htm
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A marine engineer may also deal with the planning, creation, expansion, and modification of
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to propel a vessel through the water. Fulton's ship used the engine to power a small wooden
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as an officer as it provides ample opportunities in terms of both onboard and onshore jobs.
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In designing systems that operate in the arctic (especially scientific equipment such as
1673: – Branch of architecture focused on coastal, near-shore and off-shore construction
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involves a number of marine engineering challenges. Platforms must be able to withstand
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presents a unique set of challenges requiring a detailed knowledge of pressure vessels,
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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plant, the powering and mechanization aspects of the ship functions such as steering,
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is concerned with other structures and systems in or adjacent to the ocean, including
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was the start of the marine engineering profession. Only twelve years after Fulton's
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United States Naval
Academy Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.
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United States Naval
Academy Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering.
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Marine engineers performed an important role in the clean-up of oil spills such as
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Depending on the country and jurisdiction, to be licensed as a Marine engineer, a
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1964:"Balancing Green and Gray Infrastructure Solutions to Mitigate Coastal Flooding."
178:, but all include a university or college degree. Primarily, training includes a
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cables are responsible for connecting much of the world's communication via the
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Bachelor of Technology Management and Marine Engineering (B.TecMan & MarEng)
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26:"Ocean engineering" redirects here. For the design of ships and submarines, see
1667: – Licensed mariner responsible for propulsion plants and support systems
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hiring marine engineers to manage aspects of their offshore drilling projects.
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Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wastewater Management United States
1794:"Fouling control using air bubble curtains: protection for stationary vessel"
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causing harm to marine life. However, heavy fuel oil may only be burned in
1694: – Study of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the ocean
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Ocean Engineering - An International Journal of Research and Development.
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1926:"Green and Gray: Understanding the Shades of Resilient Infrastructure."
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Any seagoing vessel has the constant need for hydrostatic stability. A
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Marine engineering applies a number of engineering sciences, including
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The fundamental subjects of Marine engineering study usually include:
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The same combination has been applied to the rest of this article.
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while remaining structurally integral and fully anchored into the
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Kane, J.R. (1971). Marine Engineering. New York: SNAME(page 2-3)
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Training Ship Golden Bear docked at California Maritime Academy.
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2062:"Occupational Handbook: Marine Engineers and Naval Architects"
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to prevent oil leaks and spills from contaminating the ocean.
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1733:
Difference between Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
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Difference between Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering.
1863:"2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships"
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play a role in certain marine engineering projects as well.
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Marine engineers continue to investigate the possibility of
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is an important consideration for the preservation of ocean
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University of California Berkeley. Ocean Engineering home.
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University of California Berkeley. Ocean Engineering home.
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Ocean engineering (and combination with Marine engineering)
97:, to the development, design, operation and maintenance of
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering.
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The University of Texas A&M. Ocean Engineering home.
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Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering
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degrees specifically in ocean engineering. Additionally,
33:
For the scientific discipline of studying the ocean, see
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named it one of the "Seven Wonders of the Modern World".
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Delta Works: The Netherlands' Storm Surge Protection.
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In every coastal and offshore project, environmental
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boats, ships, submarines, and any other marine vessel
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Marine Engineers and Naval Architects: What They Do.
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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Marine engineers may design or make frequent use of
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2215:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
1542:is a series of 13 projects designed to protect the
1979:Research overview: Coastal and Ocean Engineering.
136:system. The integration of a steam engine into a
1688: – Engineering discipline of marine vessels
1394:Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers
621:Marine engineering often deals in the fields of
1278:Marine engineering lends itself to a number of
732:, like an airplane designer, is concerned with
2251:The European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference.
1798:Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology
1471:; and more specialized subjects such as ocean
289:program to be qualified as a Marine engineer.
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1912:International Institute of Maritime Surveying
8:
1222:particular cargo including passengers, bulk
1095:which help raise awareness of the products.
841:have the potential to raise atmospheric and
2100:http://www.sname.org/Membership1/AboutSNAME
1845:"Eco Ships:The New Norm for Top Tier Ships"
16:Engineering and design of shipboard systems
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1400:American Society of Naval Engineers (ASNE)
1055:that pose a navigational obstacle. Simple
1991:Offshore Wind Research & Development.
1908:"An Introduction to Propeller Cavitation"
1809:
1546:against flooding from the North Sea. The
1514:Journals about ocean engineering include
1373:Marine Engineering and Research Institute
856:International Maritime Organization (IMO)
710:Challenges specific to marine engineering
2001:U.S. Energy Information Administration.
1648:, the lowest point in the Earth's ocean.
829:. Heavy fuel oil, being the heaviest of
466:, and other ocean systems such as ocean
2034:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.
2018:Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering.
1703:
278:, However, this path requires taking a
3255:Development of tidal stream generators
3072:Electrical and electronics engineering
1849:Maritime Reporter and Engineering News
2227:American Society of Civil Engineers.
1488:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1415:A number of institutions - including
1383:Royal Institution of Naval Architects
1282:applications – mostly related to the
861:Reduction of GHG emissions from ships
760:by introducing pieces of metal (e.g.
70:and eventually rise to the rank of a
51:Marine engineers reviewing ship plans
7:
3105:
2217:IEEE Journal Of Oceanic Engineering.
1504:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
3115:
1830:International Maritime Organization
1755:Student Scholarships Organization.
1548:American Society of Civil Engineers
1520:IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering
702:materials, predominantly steel and
443:engineers often work side-by-side.
1502:co-hosts a joint program with the
205:(B.A.Sc.) in Marine Engineering.
14:
2085:International Chamber of Shipping
1962:North Carolina State University.
1363:Society for Underwater Technology
552:Furthermore, an understanding of
3340:
3339:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3221:
3124:
3114:
3104:
3095:
3094:
2964:
1368:IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society
1197:as a viable source of power for
869:
174:There are many ways to become a
3281:Ocean thermal energy conversion
1533:Marine Engineering Achievements
2184:MIT-WHOI Joint Program. Home.
1811:10.1080/20464177.2009.11020214
947:Coastal Design and Restoration
937:meteorological instrumentation
1:
2003:Energy Explained: Wave Power.
1151:, wave forces, and saltwater
547:electrical power distribution
458:, coastal structures such as
3240:List of tidal power stations
2322:List of engineering branches
1977:The University of Delaware.
1887:"Oily Bilgewater Separators"
1621:In Media and Popular Culture
1411:Degrees in ocean engineering
1001:unmanned underwater vehicles
995:Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
667:unmanned underwater vehicles
254:or from science fields like
3323:Renewable energy portal
3271:List of offshore wind farms
3193:List of wave power projects
3188:List of wave power stations
1989:U.S. Department of Energy.
1019:Sensors and instrumentation
803:). The first metal, copper
543:Electrical power generation
203:Bachelor of Applied Science
3387:
2080:"Shipping and World Trade"
2066:Bureau of Labor Statistics
2046:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1665:Engineering officer (ship)
1378:Indian Maritime University
1005:remotely operated vehicles
694:
676:
609:
602:, and port/harbor design.
587:
522:
502:
470:conversion and underwater
435:
150:had her first voyage, the
42:engineering officer (ship)
39:
32:
25:
18:
3299:
3219:
3090:
2962:
2307:
2031:"Port and Harbor Design."
2015:"Port and Harbor Design."
1967:North Carolina Sea Grant.
1924:Oregon State University.
1745:Ocean Engineering: About.
1358:World Maritime University
1347:Professional institutions
1300:Engineering Duty Officers
1256:Oceaneering International
1099:Environmental Engineering
1043:was developed during the
979:The design of underwater
878:This section needs to be
788:, purging any bio-matter.
756:can be inhibited through
661:UUV autonomy and networks
637:A series of transoceanic
252:Environmental Engineering
229:Master of Applied Science
1589:Notable Marine Engineers
1510:Journals and Conferences
1429:Texas A&M University
1089:Oceanology International
839:Sulfur dioxide emissions
617:Electronics and Robotics
19:Not to be confused with
3371:Engineering disciplines
2983:Bachelor of Engineering
2825:Engineering mathematics
2029:Cairns, Carel, and Li.
2013:Cairns, Carel, and Li.
1389:Pakistan Marine Academy
1304:Army Corps of Engineers
902:Oil and water discharge
180:Bachelor of Engineering
3250:Tidal stream generator
3082:Structural engineering
3077:Mechanical engineering
2820:Engineering management
1826:"Anti-Fouling Systems"
1570:Soviet submarine K-219
1465:electrical engineering
1336:
1209:Port and Harbor Design
1145:offshore oil platforms
1139:Offshore oil platforms
1029:anti-submarine warfare
1025:oceanographic sciences
991:, and thermodynamics.
623:electrical engineering
554:mechanical engineering
525:Mechanical engineering
519:Mechanical engineering
309:Differential Equations
244:Electrical Engineering
236:Mechanical Engineering
192:Bachelor of Technology
91:electronic engineering
87:electrical engineering
83:mechanical engineering
52:
3286:Offshore construction
3062:Aerospace engineering
2975:Engineering education
1767:National Geographic.
1340:Maritime universities
1334:
1067:for the discovery of
679:Petroleum engineering
673:Petroleum Engineering
570:strength of materials
474:. This in fact makes
364:Work (thermodynamics)
248:Geomatics Engineering
217:Master of Engineering
115:Industrial Revolution
99:watercraft propulsion
50:
3276:Marine current power
3003:Graduate certificate
1731:MIT ADT University.
1710:MIT ADT University.
1431:- offer a four-year
1296:Civil Engineer Corps
1234:Salvage and Recovery
981:life-support systems
847:international waters
782:Electro-chlorination
715:Hydrodynamic loading
574:structural mechanics
472:life-support systems
124:successfully used a
21:Maritime engineering
2988:Bachelor of Science
2830:Engineering physics
2814:Engineering drawing
2336:Interdisciplinarity
2068:. October 24, 2017.
1671:Marine architecture
1572:by a joint team of
1473:structural analysis
1433:Bachelor of Science
1228:containerized cargo
1167:Offshore wind farms
1023:The development of
985:underwater habitats
952:Coastal engineering
941:oceanographic buoys
799:(or alternatively,
786:sodium hypochlorite
758:cathodic protection
697:Marine construction
691:Marine construction
612:Coastal engineering
606:Coastal engineering
578:structural dynamics
404:Control Engineering
186:Bachelor of Science
182:(B.Eng. or B.E.),
170:Relevance and Scope
142:marine steam engine
3366:Marine engineering
2590:Telecommunications
2495:Naval architecture
2240:OCEANS Conference.
1686:Naval architecture
1677:Marine electronics
1557:have descended to
1481:coastal management
1425:U.S. Naval Academy
1337:
1288:United States Navy
1123:, and creation of
931:Arctic Engineering
750:galvanic corrosion
566:linear wave theory
456:offshore platforms
438:Naval architecture
432:Naval architecture
313:Numerical Analysis
188:(B.Sc. or B.S.),
56:Marine engineering
53:
28:Naval architecture
3353:
3352:
3335:Oceans portal
3311:Energy portal
3138:
3137:
3067:Civil engineering
3013:Licensed engineer
3008:Engineer's degree
2960:
2959:
2792:Building services
2775:Health technology
2636:Chemical reaction
2585:Signal processing
1949:Waryszak, Pawel.
1936:Waryszak, Pawel.
1792:Scardino (2009).
1642:Deepsea Challenge
1632:British Petroleum
1599:Pieter van Oord,
1580:engineers aboard
1555:twenty-two people
1553:As of April 2021
1516:Ocean Engineering
1455:subjects such as
1317:coastal solutions
1195:ocean wave energy
1189:Ocean wave energy
1125:coastal solutions
1113:natural resources
1081:environmental DNA
989:diving physiology
899:
898:
816:Pollution control
590:Civil engineering
584:Civil Engineering
489:materials science
476:ocean engineering
452:Ocean engineering
240:Civil Engineering
225:(M.Sc or M.S.)
223:Master of Science
134:marine propulsion
68:engine department
3378:
3343:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3225:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3142:
3128:
3118:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3097:
2968:
2555:Electromechanics
2341:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2271:
2265:
2261:Amusing Planet.
2259:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2156:
2150:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1960:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1904:
1898:
1897:
1891:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1859:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1682:
1176:renewable energy
1161:factor of safety
1131:Offshore Systems
970:Deep Sea Systems
894:
891:
885:
873:
872:
865:
395:Spatial Analysis
95:computer science
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3327:
3315:
3303:
3295:
3259:
3226:
3217:
3174:
3169:
3139:
3134:
3086:
3033:
3017:
2993:Master's degree
2969:
2956:
2870:Instrumentation
2733:
2675:
2641:Electrochemical
2594:
2580:Radio frequency
2519:
2446:
2410:Municipal/Urban
2334:
2332:
2326:
2303:
2298:
2268:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2245:
2238:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2141:
2133:
2129:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2044:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1972:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1901:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1871:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1680:
1655:
1646:Challenger Deep
1640:'s documentary
1623:
1613:
1596:
1591:
1582:Glomar Explorer
1559:Challenger Deep
1535:
1512:
1413:
1349:
1329:
1312:
1310:Expected Growth
1276:
1252:
1247:
1236:
1211:
1191:
1169:
1141:
1133:
1101:
1045:First World War
1021:
1009:semi-autonomous
997:
977:
972:
949:
933:
925:
913:
904:
895:
889:
886:
883:
874:
870:
823:
821:Sulfur emission
818:
770:
746:
730:naval architect
726:
717:
712:
699:
693:
681:
675:
663:
635:
633:Deep-sea cables
619:
614:
608:
592:
586:
562:fluid mechanics
556:topics such as
527:
521:
507:
501:
449:
440:
434:
429:
421:Open-pit mining
412:Instrumentation
378:Fluid Mechanics
208:
176:Marine Engineer
172:
164:Paddle steamers
117:(early 1700s).
108:
45:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3357:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3347:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3236:
3234:
3228:
3227:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3145:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3112:
3102:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3043:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3023:
3022:Related topics
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2942:Sustainability
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2811:
2806:
2804:Geoengineering
2801:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2785:Rehabilitation
2782:
2780:Pharmaceutical
2777:
2772:
2767:
2765:Bioinformatics
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2724:Semiconductors
2721:
2716:
2714:Nanotechnology
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
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2631:
2626:
2621:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2430:Transportation
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2338:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2274:
2267:
2266:
2254:
2243:
2232:
2220:
2208:
2189:
2177:
2163:
2151:
2139:
2127:
2115:
2103:
2091:
2071:
2053:
2038:
2022:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1955:
1942:
1929:
1917:
1899:
1878:
1854:
1843:Smith (2018).
1835:
1817:
1784:
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1724:
1715:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1683:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1635:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1566:
1563:Mariana Trench
1551:
1534:
1531:
1511:
1508:
1477:hydromechanics
1469:thermodynamics
1451:; fundamental
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1348:
1345:
1328:
1325:
1321:sea level rise
1311:
1308:
1275:
1272:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1239:Marine salvage
1235:
1232:
1210:
1207:
1190:
1187:
1168:
1165:
1149:ocean currents
1143:The design of
1140:
1137:
1132:
1129:
1119:, clean-up of
1105:sustainability
1100:
1097:
1093:Ocean Business
1061:multiple beams
1020:
1017:
996:
993:
976:
973:
971:
968:
964:sea level rise
948:
945:
932:
929:
924:
921:
912:
909:
903:
900:
897:
896:
877:
875:
868:
835:sulfur dioxide
827:heavy fuel oil
822:
819:
817:
814:
813:
812:
808:
789:
769:
766:
745:
742:
725:
722:
716:
713:
711:
708:
695:Main article:
692:
689:
677:Main article:
674:
671:
662:
659:
634:
631:
618:
615:
610:Main article:
607:
604:
588:Main article:
585:
582:
558:fluid dynamics
523:Main article:
520:
517:
503:Main article:
500:
497:
485:hydromechanics
448:
445:
436:Main article:
433:
430:
428:
427:Related Fields
425:
424:
423:
417:Surface Mining
414:
408:Control Theory
401:
388:
386:Fluid Dynamics
375:
370:
356:Thermodynamics
353:
347:Soil Mechanics
343:Rock mechanics
336:
315:
171:
168:
107:
104:
72:chief engineer
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3383:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3292:
3291:Osmotic power
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:Tidal barrage
3243:
3241:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:United States
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3172:Marine energy
3166:
3161:
3159:
3154:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3121:
3113:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
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2745:Agricultural
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2395:Geotechnical
2363:Construction
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2036:pp. 685-710.
2033:
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2020:pp. 685-710.
2017:
2009:
1997:
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1958:
1945:
1932:
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1911:
1902:
1893:
1881:
1870:. Retrieved
1866:
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1820:
1801:
1797:
1787:
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1692:Oceanography
1628:Exxon Valdez
1568:Recovery of
1528:
1515:
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1338:
1313:
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1253:
1237:
1212:
1192:
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1142:
1134:
1102:
1069:hydrocarbons
1022:
998:
978:
975:Life Support
950:
934:
926:
923:Applications
914:
905:
887:
879:
852:
831:refined oils
824:
773:Anti-fouling
771:
768:Anti-fouling
747:
727:
720:engineering
718:
700:
682:
664:
636:
620:
593:
551:
528:
508:
505:Oceanography
499:Oceanography
450:
441:
373:Hydrogeology
351:Geomechanics
322:Geochemistry
291:
284:quantitative
233:
227:
221:
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201:
197:
196:
194:(B.Tech.),
190:
184:
173:
158:
152:
146:
140:to create a
130:paddle wheel
126:steam engine
119:
109:
80:
55:
54:
35:Oceanography
3232:Tidal power
3203:New Zealand
3120:Wikiproject
2875:and Control
2865:Information
2689:Biomaterial
2619:Bioresource
2610:/Bioprocess
2608:Biochemical
2560:Electronics
2331:Specialties
2301:Engineering
1867:www.imo.org
1659:Engine room
1611:In Academia
1594:In Industry
1544:Netherlands
1540:Delta Works
1453:engineering
1421:UC Berkeley
1199:distributed
1085:Trade Shows
1073:blue lasers
833:, releases
665:The use of
639:fiber optic
468:wave energy
297:Mathematics
276:Mathematics
231:(M.A.Sc.)
219:(M.Eng.),
60:engineering
3360:Categories
3180:Wave power
3039:Glossaries
2860:Industrial
2840:Facilities
2835:Explosives
2760:Biomedical
2755:Automation
2704:Metallurgy
2614:Biological
2565:Microwaves
2525:Electrical
2470:Automotive
2452:Mechanical
2425:Structural
2390:Geological
2378:Ecological
2368:Earthquake
2199:Elsevier.
1953:09 May 21.
1940:09 May 21.
1872:2024-09-19
1699:References
1441:statistics
1264:ExxonMobil
1121:oil spills
1109:ecosystems
1065:geophysics
1049:submarines
1047:to detect
1013:autonomous
916:Cavitation
911:Cavitation
531:propulsion
399:Statistics
330:Mineralogy
326:Geophysics
318:Geoscience
260:Geophysics
138:watercraft
111:Archimedes
3198:Australia
2998:Doctorate
2912:Packaging
2882:Logistics
2855:Geomatics
2816:/graphics
2709:Molecular
2699:Corrosion
2681:Materials
2661:Petroleum
2651:Molecular
2533:Broadcast
2515:Tribology
2465:Aerospace
2400:Hydraulic
2205:0029-8018
2186:See page.
2160:See page.
2148:See page.
2136:See page.
2112:See page.
1781:See page.
1603:of Royal
1574:U.S. Navy
1445:chemistry
1327:Education
1153:corrosion
1117:fisheries
1053:seamounts
890:June 2023
754:Corrosion
744:Corrosion
734:stability
724:Stability
535:anchoring
339:Mechanics
334:Geomatics
268:Geomatics
213:degree;
120:In 1807,
3345:Category
3213:Scotland
3100:Category
3029:Engineer
2937:Software
2932:Security
2907:Ontology
2897:Military
2887:Robotics
2850:Forensic
2770:Clinical
2729:Surfaces
2719:Polymers
2694:Ceramics
2671:Reaction
2600:Chemical
2538:Computer
2460:Acoustic
2415:Offshore
2383:Sanitary
2124:See page
1804:: 3–10.
1653:See also
1605:van Oord
1522:and the
1492:master's
1461:dynamics
1437:calculus
1280:military
1274:Military
1260:Van Oord
1250:Industry
1087:such as
1077:salinity
1037:acoustic
983:such as
958:forces,
797:aluminum
704:concrete
655:sea life
651:trawling
643:internet
627:robotics
301:Calculus
280:graduate
211:Master's
153:Savannah
147:Clermont
3110:Commons
2952:Textile
2947:Systems
2917:Privacy
2902:Nuclear
2666:Process
2624:Genetic
2570:Optical
2550:Control
2543:outline
2510:Thermal
2500:Railway
2440:Railway
2435:Traffic
2358:Coastal
2317:Outline
2312:History
2088:. 2017.
1914:. 2015.
1896:. 2011.
1832:. 2018.
1490:offers
1457:statics
1449:physics
1353:IMarEST
1319:due to
1292:Seabees
1033:sensors
960:erosion
880:updated
738:ballast
647:fishing
600:tunnels
596:bridges
464:harbors
305:Algebra
264:Physics
256:Geology
132:as its
106:History
58:is the
3130:Portal
2927:Survey
2922:Safety
2809:Design
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2480:Energy
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3264:Other
2750:Audio
2738:Other
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2345:Civil
1890:(PDF)
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539:cargo
460:piers
2845:Fire
2646:Food
2201:ISSN
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1500:MIT
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