406:
countered by using heavy interior ballast on sailing versions. They are best suited to sheltered inshore waters. Early racing power boats were fine forward and flat aft. This produced maximum lift and a smooth, fast ride in flat water, but this hull form is easily unsettled in waves. The multi-chine hull approximates a curved hull form. It has less drag than a flat-bottom boat. Multi chines are more complex to build but produce a more seaworthy hull form. They are usually displacement hulls. V or arc-bottom chine boats have a V
344:. Such hulls are sometimes flat-bottomed, sometimes V-bottomed and more rarely, round-bilged. The most common form is to have at least one chine, which makes for more efficient planing and can throw spray down. Planing hulls are more efficient at higher speeds, although they still require more energy to achieve these speeds. An effective planing hull must be as light as possible with flat surfaces that are consistent with good sea keeping. Sailboats that plane must also sail efficiently in displacement mode in light winds.
459:
575:. In the s-bottom, the hull has round bilges and merges smoothly with the keel, and there are no sharp corners on the hull sides between the keel centreline and the sheer line. Boats with this hull form may have a long fixed deep keel, or a long shallow fixed keel with a centreboard swing keel inside. Ballast may be internal, external, or a combination. This hull form was most popular in the late 19th and early to mid 20th centuries. Examples of small sailboats that use this s-shape are the
905:
388:. A hard chined hull resists rolling (in smooth water) more than does a hull with rounded bilges (the chine creates turbulence and drag resisting the rolling motion, as it moves through the water, the rounded-bilge provides less flow resistance around the turn). In rough seas, this can make the boat roll more, as the motion drags first down, then up, on a chine: round-bilge boats are more seakindly in waves, as a result.
723:
193:
36:
298:
551:
133:
731:
875:) is the longitudinal position of the centroid of the displaced volume, often given as the distance from a point of reference (often midships) to the centroid of the static displaced volume. Note that the longitudinal centre of gravity or centre of the weight of the vessel must align with the LCB when the hull is in equilibrium.
1433:
has superseded paper-based methods of ship design that relied on manual calculations and lines drawing. Since the early 1990s, a variety of commercial and freeware software packages specialized for naval architecture have been developed that provide 3D drafting capabilities combined with calculation
405:
Each of these chine hulls has its own unique characteristics and use. The flat-bottom hull has high initial stability but high drag. To counter the high drag, hull forms are narrow and sometimes severely tapered at bow and stern. This leads to poor stability when heeled in a sailboat. This is often
377:
A chined hull does not have a smooth rounded transition between bottom and sides. Instead, its contours are interrupted by sharp angles where predominantly longitudinal panels of the hull meet. The sharper the intersection (the more acute the angle), the "harder" the chine. More than one chine per
1175:. It displays the ratio of the immersed volume of the hull to a volume of a prism with equal length to the ship and cross-sectional area equal to the largest underwater section of the hull (midship section). This is used to evaluate the distribution of the volume of the underbody. A low or fine C
201:
sailboat. The shape is chosen to strike a balance between cost, hydrostatic considerations (accommodation, load carrying, and stability), hydrodynamics (speed, power requirements, and motion and behavior in a seaway) and special considerations for the ship's role, such as the rounded bow of an
882:) is the longitudinal position of the centroid of the waterplane area, usually expressed as longitudinal distance from a point of reference (often midships) to the centre of the area of the static waterplane. This can be visualized as being the area defined by the water's surface and the hull.
200:
There is a wide variety of hull types that are chosen for suitability for different usages, the hull shape being dependent upon the needs of the design. Shapes range from a nearly perfect box in the case of scow barges to a needle-sharp surface of revolution in the case of a racing multihull
239:
In a typical wooden sailboat, the hull is constructed of wooden planking, supported by transverse frames (often referred to as ribs) and bulkheads, which are further tied together by longitudinal stringers or ceiling. Often but not always there is a centerline longitudinal member called a
432:
degrees) is only suited to high-powered planing boats. They require more powerful engines to lift the boat onto the plane but give a faster, smoother ride in waves. Displacement chined hulls have more wetted surface area, hence more drag, than an equivalent round-hull form, for any given
363:, giving less resistance and more speed. With a greater payload, resistance is greater and speed lower, but the hull's outward bend provides smoother performance in waves. As such, the inverted bell shape is a popular form used with planing hulls.
1063:) divided by beam x draft. It displays the ratio of the largest underwater section of the hull to a rectangle of the same overall width and depth as the underwater section of the hull. This defines the fullness of the underbody. A low C
280:
Chined and hard-chined. Examples are the flat-bottom (chined), v-bottom, and multi-chine hull (several gentler hard chines, still not smooth). These types have at least one pronounced knuckle throughout all or most of their
252:
arrangement. In many cases, composite hulls are built by sandwiching thin fiber-reinforced skins over a lightweight but reasonably rigid core of foam, balsa wood, impregnated paper honeycomb, or other material.
534:
Semi round bilge hulls are somewhat less round. The advantage of the semi-round is that it is a nice middle between the S-bottom and chined hull. Typical examples of a semi-round bilge hull can be found in the
1037:
1362:
1156:
1258:
889:) is the vertical position of the centroid of displaced volume, generally given as a distance from a point of reference (such as the baseline) to the centre of the static displaced volume.
347:
Semi-displacement, or semi-planing: here the hull form is capable of developing a moderate amount of dynamic lift; however, most of the vessel's weight is still supported through buoyancy.
908:
The volume of a ship's hull below the waterline (solid), divided by the volume of a rectangular solid (lines) of the same length, height and width, determine a ship's block coefficient.
1420:
1702:
943:. If you draw a box around the submerged part of the ship, it is the ratio of the box volume occupied by the ship. It gives a sense of how much of the block defined by the L
321:. Vessels that have this type of hull travel through the water at a limited rate that is defined by the waterline length except for especially narrow hulls such as sailing
510:
480:
475:
1801:
1277:. The waterplane coefficient expresses the fullness of the waterplane, or the ratio of the waterplane area to a rectangle of the same length and width. A low C
2145:
276:
Hulls come in many varieties and can have composite shape, (e.g., a fine entry forward and inverted bell shape aft), but are grouped primarily as follows:
958:
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angle. The flatter shape of a 6-degree hull will plane with less wind or a lower-horsepower engine but will pound more in waves. The deep V
1198:
236:", or simply "deck". The particular name given depends on the context—the type of ship or boat, the arrangement, or even where it sails.
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1584:
384:
Benefits of this type of hull include potentially lower production cost and a (usually) fairly flat bottom, making the boat faster at
53:
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1751:
1685:
119:
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100:
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72:
1434:
modules for hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. These may be referred to as geometric modeling systems for naval architecture.
2173:
1609:
806:
803:) is the length from the forwardmost point of the waterline measured in profile to the stern-most point of the waterline.
2379:
79:
2574:
2358:
2589:
2579:
2131:
1497:
652:
2279:
1658:, the upper measurement point is taken to the point at which the planes of the deck and side plating intersect.
86:
713:
is an imaginary line circumscribing the hull that matches the surface of the water when the hull is not moving.
288:. These hull shapes all have smooth curves. Examples are the round bilge, semi-round bilge, and s-bottom hull.
1842:
796:
229:
68:
46:
2321:
2225:
1579:
632:
212:
In a typical modern steel ship, the hull will have watertight decks, and major transverse members called
2564:
1430:
850:) is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the underside of the upper deck at side.
531:
Smooth curve hulls are hulls that use, just like the curved hulls, a centreboard, or an attached keel.
613:
may be fitted on a hull to increase the transverse stability, directional stability or to create lift.
536:
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778:
213:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
1937:
1897:
947:, beam (B) & draft (T) is filled by the hull. Full forms such as oil tankers will have a high C
861:
1183:
indicates a boat with fuller ends. Planing hulls and other highspeed hulls tend towards a higher C
248:
or composite hulls, the structure may resemble wooden or steel vessels to some extent, or be of a
228:, and minor members called ordinary transverse frames, frames, or longitudinals, depending on the
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1887:
1526:
1444:
693:
685:
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305:
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1662:, Reg. 2(2)(b). Ships with stepped decks are measured to a line parallel with the upper part.
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1962:
1912:
1907:
1766:
1747:
1681:
1538:
442:
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232:. The uppermost continuous deck may be called the "upper deck", "weather deck", "spar deck", "
1505: – Speed at which the wavelength of a vessel's bow wave is equal to the waterline length
571:
S-bottom hulls are sailing boat hulls with a midships transverse half-section shaped like an
498:|pg=Hull (watercraft) |language=unknown |comments= }}
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with increasing speed. The dynamic lift reduces the wetted surface and therefore also the
309:
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1987:
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1494: – Dimensionless number; ratio of a fluid's flow inertia to the external field
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265:
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1932:
1927:
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indicates a boxy section shape. Sailboats have a cut-away mid-section with low C
826:
628:
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35:
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168:), or it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may be a
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Displacement hull: here the hull is supported exclusively or predominantly by
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757:) is the width of the hull. (ex: BWL is the maximum beam at the waterline)
17:
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1972:
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1847:
1541: – Term or definition relating to measuring a ship's characteristics
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318:
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2533:
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1992:
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1892:
1655:
868:) is the weight of water equivalent to the immersed volume of the hull.
217:
2092:
2082:
2047:
1832:
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improves stability as well as handling behavior in rough conditions.
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that are calculated from the shape and the block measures. They are:
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is a level reference line from which vertical distances are measured.
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225:
165:
2123:
730:
2522:
2112:
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1862:
1852:
1559: – Structural and hydrodynamic component enclosing the vessel
1535: – Colour scheme adopted by vessels of the British Royal Navy
903:
822:
729:
721:
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697:
is the right side of the vessel when facing the bow from on board.
681:
is the middle portion of the vessel in the fore and aft direction.
549:
359:
With a small payload, such a craft has less of its hull below the
296:
191:
131:
1032:{\displaystyle C_{b}={\frac {V}{L_{WL}\cdot B_{WL}\cdot T_{WL}}}}
689:
is the left side of the vessel when facing the bow from on board.
2057:
1982:
1635:"International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969"
1450:
610:
241:
180:. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the
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149:
2127:
1783:
490:
have just labeled this article as needing attention, please add
381:
The Cajun "pirogue" is an example of a craft with hard chines.
356:
At present, the most widely used form is the round bilge hull.
1553: – Watercraft capable of independent underwater operation
830:
771:) is the vertical distance from the bottom of the keel to the
452:
29:
675:
1179:
indicates a full mid-section and fine ends, a high or full C
415:
1652:
Regulations for determining gross and net tonnages of ships
1059:) of the slice at midships (or at the largest section for C
1765:(4th ed.). Centreville, MD: Cornell Maritime Press.
1357:{\displaystyle C_{w}={\frac {A_{w}}{L_{WL}\cdot B_{WL}}}}
1151:{\displaystyle C_{m}={\frac {A_{m}}{B_{WL}\cdot T_{WL}}}}
1511: – Force perpendicular to flow of surrounding fluid
1680:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Longman. pp. 12–14.
312:
with most of the forepart of the boat out of the water.
1375:
1295:
1201:
1089:
1075:
whereas cargo vessels have a boxy section with high C
961:
951:
where fine shapes such as sailboats will have a low C
627:
A forward protrusion below the waterline is called a
1599:
Zeilen: Van beginner tot gevorderde by Karel
Heijnen
1253:{\displaystyle C_{p}={\frac {V}{L_{WL}\cdot A_{m}}}}
256:
Perhaps the earliest proper hulls were built by the
2464:
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2255:
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1187:. Efficient displacement hulls travelling at a low
401:
V-bottom chined hulls. Sometimes called hard chine.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1710:Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering
1547: – Construction of ships and floating vessels
1414:
1356:
1252:
1150:
1031:
843:) is the extreme length from one end to the other.
1577:Ward, Cheryl. "World's Oldest Planked Boats," in
1517: – Type of boat or ship having only one hull
216:. There may also be intermediate members such as
196:Ship above the water with the entire hull visible
1529: – Engineering discipline of marine vessels
1482: – Ship hull design and construction method
746:that define the principal dimensions. They are:
511:Knowledge:Pages needing translation into English
136:Hull form lines, lengthwise and in cross-section
900:) is the volume of water displaced by the hull.
631:. These are fitted on some hulls to reduce the
1761:Turpin, Edward A.; McEwen, William A. (1980).
1641:. Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide. 1969-06-23
1610:"The Equipment Rules of Sailing for 2021–2024"
2139:
1795:
1488: – Depth of a vessel below its waterline
1067:indicates a cut-away mid-section and a high C
8:
1742:Hayler, William B.; Keever, John M. (2003).
1523: – Ship or boat with more than one hull
789:plus the height of the keel structure minus
332:hull form is configured to develop positive
391:Chined hulls may have one of three shapes:
308:planing at speed on calm water showing its
2343:
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2146:
2132:
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1802:
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164:. The hull may open at the top (such as a
2301:Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System
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1136:
1120:
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1103:
1094:
1088:
1017:
1001:
985:
975:
966:
960:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Watertight buoyant body of a ship or boat
1447: – Specialized paint for ship hulls
1570:
1281:figure indicates fine ends and a high C
825:post to the point where it crosses the
1654:, Reg. 2(2)(a). In ships with rounded
1583:(Volume 54, Number 3, May/June 2001).
1415:{\displaystyle C_{b}=C_{p}\cdot C_{m}}
1269:) is the waterplane area divided by L
481:Pages needing translation into English
1703:"Geometric Modeling of the Hull Form"
1453: – Vessel for transport by water
931:) is the volume (V) divided by the L
7:
1624:, Section E.1.2 Hull Appendage Types
1285:figure indicates fuller ends. High C
554:Comparison of three types of hulls:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1585:Archaeological Institute of America
740:Hull forms are defined as follows:
468:translated text and needs attention
1763:Merchant Marine Officers' Handbook
878:Longitudinal centre of flotation (
606:or stabilizing fins may be fitted.
25:
1744:American Merchant Seaman's Manual
1464: – Fittings on sailing ships
915:help compare hull forms as well:
871:Longitudinal centre of buoyancy (
1167:) is the volume (V) divided by L
1055:) is the cross-sectional area (A
457:
176:, such as a funnel, derrick, or
34:
616:Retractable appendages include
470:from someone with dual fluency.
325:that are less limited this way.
45:needs additional citations for
817:) is the length of the summer
671:is the front part of the hull.
293:Planing and displacement hulls
284:Moulded, round bilged or soft-
1:
2174:Length between perpendiculars
1676:Rawson, E.C.; Tupper (1976).
885:Vertical centre of buoyancy (
807:Length between perpendiculars
705:is the rear part of the hull.
2215:
414:and 23°. This is called the
367:Chined and hard-chined hulls
264:knew how to assemble wooden
2359:Twenty-foot equivalent unit
726:Principal hull measurements
2606:
2306:Thames measurement tonnage
1498:Hull classification symbol
1470: – Ship hull covering
653:Glossary of nautical terms
650:
598:Control devices such as a
590:
446:
440:
370:
2380:Builder's Old Measurement
2280:Compensated gross tonnage
2226:Load line (Plimsoll Line)
1818:
1639:International Conventions
1474:Displacement–length ratio
1191:will tend to have a low C
1615:. World Sailing (UK) Ltd
1476: – Ship measurement
1262:Waterplane coefficient (
395:Flat-bottom chined hulls
328:Planing hull: here, the
205:or the flat bottom of a
2456:Metacentric height (GM)
2179:Length at the waterline
1843:Apparent wind indicator
1746:. Cornell Maritime Pr.
1160:Prismatic coefficient (
797:Length at the waterline
2585:Structural engineering
2322:Gross register tonnage
1416:
1358:
1254:
1152:
1079:to help increase the C
1033:
909:
737:
727:
633:wave making resistance
568:
466:This article contains
313:
230:structural arrangement
197:
137:
69:"Hull" watercraft
2570:Watercraft components
2415:Standard displacement
2363:Intermodal containers
1431:computer-aided design
1425:Computer-aided design
1417:
1359:
1255:
1153:
1041:Midship coefficient (
1034:
907:
733:
725:
638:and thereby increase
553:
505:to the bottom of the
441:Further information:
371:Further information:
300:
195:
135:
2327:Net register tonnage
2231:Under keel clearance
1373:
1293:
1199:
1087:
959:
476:this article's entry
54:improve this article
2425:Normal displacement
2410:Loaded displacement
2575:Naval architecture
2420:Light displacement
2354:Deadweight tonnage
1719:on 17 January 2024
1527:Naval architecture
1445:Anti-fouling paint
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593:Naval architecture
569:
437:Smooth curve hulls
398:Multi-chined hulls
378:side is possible.
314:
198:
138:
2590:Ship measurements
2580:Structural system
2552:
2551:
2513:§ Neopanamax
2494:Handymax/Supramax
2393:
2392:
2335:
2334:
2155:Ship measurements
2121:
2120:
1701:Ventura, Manuel.
1678:Basic Ship Theory
1539:Ship measurements
1352:
1248:
1146:
1027:
921:Block coefficient
529:
528:
514:
491:
443:Smooth curve hull
258:Ancient Egyptians
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
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1898:Carpenter's walk
1804:
1797:
1790:
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1718:
1712:. Archived from
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1468:Copper sheathing
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855:Form derivatives
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524:
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502:
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485:
483:for discussion.
461:
453:
431:
427:
424:form (between 18
423:
419:
413:
410:shape between 6°
409:
334:dynamic pressure
188:General features
125:
118:
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62:
38:
30:
21:
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2310:
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2199:
2183:
2157:
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2117:
2033:Quarter gallery
1838:Anchor windlass
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1666:, Reg. 2(2)(c).
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846:Moulded depth (
735:"LWL & LOA"
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655:
649:
640:fuel efficiency
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500:
496:subst:Needtrans
493:
492:
484:
472:
471:
462:
451:
445:
439:
429:
425:
421:
411:
407:
375:
373:Chine (boating)
369:
354:
338:draft decreases
310:hard chine hull
295:
274:
190:
174:superstructures
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2603:
2601:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2515:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2441:Inclining test
2437:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2385:Moorsom System
2382:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2266:
2264:
2257:
2253:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2169:Length overall
2165:
2163:
2159:
2158:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1988:Keel (Canting)
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1771:
1758:
1752:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1730:
1693:
1686:
1668:
1626:
1601:
1592:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1557:Submarine hull
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1533:Nelson Chequer
1530:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1477:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1457:Cathedral hull
1454:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1426:
1423:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1365:
1364:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1000:
996:
991:
988:
984:
979:
974:
969:
965:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
902:
901:
890:
883:
876:
869:
852:
851:
844:
837:Length overall
834:
819:load waterline
804:
794:
776:
758:
744:Block measures
719:
716:
715:
714:
706:
698:
690:
682:
672:
664:
651:Main article:
648:
645:
644:
643:
625:
614:
607:
588:
585:
566:
565:
562:
559:
555:
527:
526:
465:
463:
456:
438:
435:
433:displacement.
403:
402:
399:
396:
368:
365:
353:
350:
349:
348:
345:
326:
294:
291:
290:
289:
282:
273:
270:
189:
186:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2602:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:VLCC and ULCC
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2451:Angle of loll
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2342:
2338:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2275:Gross tonnage
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2216:Moulded depth
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2142:
2137:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2073:Stern or poop
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1774:
1772:0-87033-056-X
1768:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1753:0-87033-549-9
1749:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1735:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1687:0-582-44523-X
1683:
1679:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1640:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1574:
1571:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1492:Froude number
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1424:
1422:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1268:
1261:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1190:
1189:Froude number
1166:
1159:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1124:
1121:
1117:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
989:
986:
982:
977:
972:
967:
963:
930:
918:
917:
916:
914:
906:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
881:
877:
874:
870:
867:
863:
860:
859:
858:
856:
849:
845:
842:
838:
835:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
777:
774:
770:
766:
762:
759:
756:
752:
749:
748:
747:
745:
741:
736:
732:
724:
717:
712:
711:
707:
704:
703:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
687:
683:
680:
678:
673:
670:
669:
665:
662:
661:
657:
656:
654:
646:
641:
637:
634:
630:
626:
623:
619:
615:
612:
608:
605:
601:
597:
596:
594:
586:
584:
582:
578:
574:
563:
560:
557:
556:
552:
548:
546:
542:
538:
532:
523:
512:
508:
497:
489:
482:
478:
477:
469:
464:
460:
455:
454:
450:
449:Boat building
444:
436:
434:
418:
400:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
387:
382:
379:
374:
366:
364:
362:
357:
351:
346:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:
320:
316:
315:
311:
307:
304:World War II
303:
299:
292:
287:
283:
279:
278:
277:
271:
269:
268:into a hull.
267:
263:
259:
254:
251:
247:
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
207:landing craft
204:
194:
187:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
124:
121:
113:
110:February 2021
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2565:Shipbuilding
2405:Displacement
2053:Ship's wheel
1967:
1918:Companionway
1812:sailing ship
1762:
1743:
1721:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1709:
1696:
1677:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1643:. Retrieved
1638:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1578:
1573:
1545:Shipbuilding
1509:Lift (force)
1428:
1367:
1366:
1263:
1161:
1049:
1042:
925:
913:Coefficients
912:
911:
897:
893:
886:
879:
872:
865:
862:Displacement
854:
853:
847:
840:
829:. (see also
814:
810:
800:
790:
786:
782:
768:
764:
754:
753:or breadth (
743:
742:
739:
734:
708:
700:
692:
684:
674:
666:
658:
622:daggerboards
618:centreboards
572:
570:
533:
530:
517:
494:{{
487:
474:
467:
404:
390:
383:
380:
376:
358:
355:
336:so that its
275:
255:
238:
211:
199:
141:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2525:(Qatar-max)
2294:Specialized
2285:Net tonnage
2038:Quarterdeck
1928:Daggerboard
1923:Crow's nest
1903:Centreboard
1873:Bow or prow
1823:Aftercastle
1810:Parts of a
1650:, Annex 1,
1580:Archaeology
1480:Double hull
629:bulbous bow
520:August 2022
509:section on
473:Please see
272:Hull shapes
162:flying boat
18:Marine hull
2559:Categories
2504:Malaccamax
2008:Orlop deck
1943:Forecastle
1938:Figurehead
1868:Boom brake
1858:Bilgeboard
1736:References
1645:2007-10-27
1619:2022-10-14
1503:Hull speed
1462:Chainplate
591:See also:
587:Appendages
564:soft chine
561:hard chine
447:See also:
352:Hull forms
323:multihulls
302:Royal Navy
260:, who by
246:fiberglass
203:icebreaker
172:and other
148:body of a
146:watertight
80:newspapers
2529:Seawaymax
2499:Handysize
2434:Stability
2263:Worldwide
2247:Air draft
2221:Freeboard
2108:Whipstaff
2078:Sternpost
2068:Starboard
2018:Poop deck
2013:Outrigger
1828:Afterdeck
1551:Submarine
1521:Multihull
1400:⋅
1336:⋅
1235:⋅
1130:⋅
1011:⋅
995:⋅
821:from the
779:Freeboard
773:waterline
710:Waterline
694:Starboard
677:Amidships
604:trim tabs
361:waterline
250:monocoque
234:main deck
222:stringers
214:bulkheads
182:waterline
170:deckhouse
158:submarine
2544:Yamalmax
2489:Chinamax
2484:Capesize
2479:Baltimax
2340:Capacity
2088:Taffrail
2028:Porthole
1998:Leeboard
1973:Jackline
1878:Bowsprit
1848:Beakhead
1723:29 March
1656:gunwales
1515:Monohull
1438:See also
892:Volume (
660:Baseline
581:Randmeer
558:S-bottom
545:dinghies
543:sailing
507:WP:PNTCU
417:deadrise
319:buoyancy
2534:Suezmax
2518:Péniche
2509:Panamax
2474:Aframax
2373:Archaic
2347:Current
2315:Archaic
2270:Tonnage
2188:Breadth
2103:Transom
1978:Jibboom
1958:Gunwale
1953:Gangway
1913:Cockpit
1893:Cathead
1888:Capstan
1429:Use of
718:Metrics
577:Yngling
537:Centaur
386:planing
330:planing
281:length.
262:3000 BC
218:girders
144:is the
94:scholar
2466:Limits
2398:Weight
2256:Volume
2240:Height
2162:Length
2093:Tiller
2083:Strake
2048:Rudder
1993:Kelson
1908:Chains
1833:Anchor
1769:
1750:
1684:
767:) or (
600:rudder
430:
428:and 23
426:
422:
412:
408:
286:chined
266:planks
166:dinghy
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2523:Q-Max
2211:Draft
2204:Depth
2113:Winch
1948:Frame
1883:Cable
1863:Bitts
1853:Bilge
1717:(PDF)
1706:(PDF)
1613:(PDF)
1565:Notes
1486:Draft
1368:Note:
823:stern
791:draft
787:depth
785:) is
761:Draft
702:Stern
647:Terms
541:Laser
244:. In
160:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
2511:and
2446:List
2195:Beam
2063:Stem
2058:Skeg
2023:Port
2003:Mast
1983:Keel
1968:Hull
1963:Head
1933:Deck
1767:ISBN
1748:ISBN
1725:2018
1682:ISBN
1451:Boat
935:× B
827:stem
751:Beam
686:Port
636:drag
620:and
611:keel
579:and
539:and
501:~~~~
342:drag
242:keel
226:webs
224:and
178:mast
154:boat
150:ship
142:hull
73:news
2098:Top
2043:Rib
1664:Id.
1660:Id.
1273:x B
1171:x A
1048:or
939:× T
896:or
887:VCB
880:LCF
873:LCB
841:LOA
831:p/p
815:LPP
813:or
811:LBP
801:LWL
668:Bow
488:you
486:If
479:on
306:MTB
56:by
2561::
1708:.
1637:.
1587:.
1275:WL
1271:WL
1195:.
1169:WL
1083:.
955:.
945:WL
941:WL
937:WL
933:WL
783:FB
609:A
602:,
583:.
547:.
220:,
209:.
184:.
156:,
152:,
140:A
2365:)
2361:(
2147:e
2140:t
2133:v
1803:e
1796:t
1789:v
1775:.
1756:.
1727:.
1690:.
1648:.
1622:.
1408:m
1404:C
1395:p
1391:C
1387:=
1382:b
1378:C
1347:L
1344:W
1340:B
1331:L
1328:W
1324:L
1317:w
1313:A
1307:=
1302:w
1298:C
1287:w
1283:w
1279:w
1266:w
1264:C
1243:m
1239:A
1230:L
1227:W
1223:L
1218:V
1213:=
1208:p
1204:C
1193:p
1185:p
1181:p
1177:p
1173:x
1164:p
1162:C
1141:L
1138:W
1134:T
1125:L
1122:W
1118:B
1111:m
1107:A
1101:=
1096:m
1092:C
1081:b
1077:x
1073:x
1069:m
1065:m
1061:x
1057:x
1052:x
1050:C
1045:m
1043:C
1022:L
1019:W
1015:T
1006:L
1003:W
999:B
990:L
987:W
983:L
978:V
973:=
968:b
964:C
953:b
949:b
928:b
926:C
924:(
898:∇
894:V
866:Δ
864:(
848:D
839:(
833:)
809:(
799:(
793:.
781:(
775:.
769:T
765:d
763:(
755:B
642:.
624:.
573:s
522:)
518:(
513:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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