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cross the border. The organization also worked to improve quality of life for
Gibraltarian families, including through running a fruit and vegetable cooperative. In the 1970s, Summerfield led the association in successfully pushing to change a number of laws affecting women in Gibraltar, including those dealing with equal pay, divorce, and women's role in the judicial system. As women's participation in civic life expanded in Gibraltar, she herself became the territory's first female juror.
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In its early years, the
Housewives' Association opposed encroachment by the Franco dictatorship and played a prominent role in the community's response to his closure of the border with Spain in 1969. Summerfield helped encourage women to take the jobs previously held by Spaniards who could no longer
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After initially serving as the organization's vice chair, she went on to lead the association for two decades, from 1969 to 1989, fighting for equal rights for
Gibraltarian women. After stepping down, she continued as "life honorary president" until her death.
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Summerfield returned to
Gibraltar after the war, and in 1966 she co-founded the Housewives' Association alongside
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333:"Two taxi drivers suspended in Gibraltar after 93-year-old disabled woman 'left screaming in agony'"
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Bordering on
Britishness : national identity in Gibraltar from the Spanish Civil War to Brexit
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Mariola
Summerfield was born in Gibraltar in 1927. As a child, she was part of the mass
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302:"Fallece Mariola Summerfield, fundadora de la Asociación de Amas de Casa de Gibraltar"
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360:"Sisters are doing it for themselves: 50 years of girl power celebrated in Gibraltar"
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in
Gibraltar, became known as the Gibraltar Women's Association in the early 1980s.
250:"50 Years of the Gibraltar Women's Association: Interview with Mariola Summerfield"
66:. The women's rights organization, originally conceived of as a meeting of all the
437:"48 members of the community presented with Medallions of Honour and Distinction"
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Summerfield died in 2021 at age 93. On her death, Gibraltar Chief
Minister
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evacuation of the
Gibraltarian civilian population during World War II
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A Woman's Place: Memoirs of a
Gibraltarian woman — a "Llanita."
137:"Mariola Summerfield, champion of women's rights, dies at 93"
22:(1927 – February 17, 2021) was a women's rights activist in
219:"La Asociación de Mujeres de Gibraltar cumple 50 años"
488:"Tributes paid to one of Gib's 'national treasures'"
277:"Local campaigner Mariola Summerfield dies aged 93"
16:Gibraltarian women's rights activist (1927–2021)
81:In 2007, Summerfield published a memoir titled
26:. A co-founder and longtime chairperson of the
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389:. Andrew Canessa. Cham, Switzerland. 2019.
537:Members of the Order of the British Empire
417:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
105:described her as a "national treasure."
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462:"Fallecimiento de Mariola Summerfield"
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248:Cartwright, Richard (2016-04-10).
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308:(in European Spanish). 2021-02-17
486:Bartlett, Debbie (2021-02-19).
527:Gibraltarian women in politics
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331:Smith, Charlie (2018-10-29).
199:Gibraltar Women's Association
91:Gibraltar Medallion of Honour
28:Gibraltar Women's Association
87:Order of the British Empire
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532:Women's rights activists
468:(in Spanish). 2021-02-18
225:(in Spanish). 2016-03-22
364:Postcard from Gibraltar
337:Olive Press News Spain
169:The Gibraltar Magazine
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141:Gibraltar Chronicle
20:Mariola Summerfield
306:Noticias Gibraltar
396:978-3-319-99310-2
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195:"Founders"
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109:References
68:housewives
44:Casablanca
34:Early life
413:cite book
93:in 2015.
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