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edges are symmetric to each other but the same is not true for the vertices. This graph is the smallest possible cubic semi-symmetric graph. Thinking it was a theoretical discovery without practical application Gray did not publish her findings. Thirty-six years later, I. Z. Bouwer rediscovered and described the graph and explained how it could answer questions regarding types of symmetry. The graph is commonly known as the Gray graph.
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with 54 vertices, representing the 27 points and 27 lines in a 3 Ã 3 Ã 3 three-dimensional grid, with an edge for each pair of a point and a line that meet each other. Here, "cubic" means that each vertex is the endpoint of three edges, and "semi-symmetric" means that every two
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After receiving her doctorate Gray returned to
Edinburgh to take a post of university assistant in natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. She held the post for one year before going to London where she was an assistant in mathematics at
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where she presented several of her papers including 'The equation of telegraphy' and 'The equation of conduction of heat'. She was elected to the
Committee of the Society in November 1923 and continued as a member throughout her career.
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where she graduated in 1922 with a first class honours in mathematics and natural philosophy. She continued on at the
University for a further two years as a post doctoral student in mathematics where she was supervised by
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As well as her own research articles Gray compiled many reviews of publications on mathematical physics and served on the US Government-related committee which produced the
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165:(26 March 1902 â 16 September 1979) was a Scottish mathematician who discovered a graph with 54 vertices and 81 edges while working at
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In 1934 Gray joined Bell
Telephone Laboratories and remained with the company for a further 30 years until her retirement.
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218:. Her research topic was 'A boundary value problem of ordinary self-adjoint differential equations with singularities'.
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185:, Scotland on 26 March 1902 to Marion (nÊe Cameron) and James Gray. She attended Ayr Grammar School (1907â1913) and
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In 1930 she was appointed to the post of assistant engineer at the
Department of Development and Research of the
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In 1924 she travelled to the United States under the assistance of both a
British graduates scholarship and a
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After her retirement in 1967 Gray moved back to
Edinburgh where she died in 1979 aged 77 years.
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A boundary value problem of ordinary self-adjoint differential equations with singularities
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display "Celebrating
Scottish women of science" which ran from 1 March to 30 April 2013.
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512:"Supplementary material for Pioneering Women in American mathematics: Pre-1940s PhD's"
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Bouwer, I. Z. (1968), "An edge but not vertex transitive cubic graph",
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Erich O. Schulz-DuBois, who was assisted by Gray on his 1959 paper,
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521:. American Mathematical Society and the London Mathematical Society
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Pioneering Women in
American Mathematics — The Pre-1940 PhD's
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314:"Celebrating Scottish women of science: Marion Gray (1902â1979)"
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in New York. While working there she discovered an unusual
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mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gray_Marion/
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387:"Anna Wheeler - The Mathematics Genealogy Project"
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626:20th-century British women mathematicians
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606:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
559:"'Celebrating Scottish women of science"
540:Schulz-DuBois, Erich O. (17 July 1983).
424:. History of Mathematics. Vol. 34.
248:American Telephone and Telegraph Company
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611:20th-century Scottish women scientists
601:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
189:(1913â1919). In 1919 she entered the
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616:20th-century Scottish mathematicians
631:20th-century British mathematicians
273:Handbook of Mathematical Functions
167:American Telephone & Telegraph
123:American Telephone & Telegraph
16:Scottish mathematician (1902â1979)
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391:www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu
312:Booth, Catherine (Summer 2013).
542:"This Week's Citation Classic"
456:Canadian Mathematical Bulletin
293:National Library of Scotland's
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519:American Mathematical Society
510:Green, Judy; Laduke, Jeanne.
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230:Employment and the Gray graph
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430:London Mathematical Society
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291:Gray was included in the
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177:Early life and education
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362:"Marion Cameron Gray"
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255:semi-symmetric graph
208:Carnegie scholarship
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489:Wolfram Mathworld
439:978-0-8218-4376-5
226:for three years.
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198:. She joined the
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93:Scientific career
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56:16 September 1979
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41:26 March 1902
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412:Green, Judy
346:23 November
287:Recognition
187:Ayr Academy
163:Marion Gray
102:Mathematics
25:Marion Gray
580:Categories
299:References
279:Later life
240:Gray graph
210:to attend
171:Gray graph
86:Gray graph
66:, Scotland
47:, Scotland
37:1902-03-26
491:. Wolfram
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341:317594296
333:1751-6005
327:: 20â21.
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418:(2009).
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
