338:, pointing out the advantages for the Labour movement in supporting a candidate such as Lansbury, but MacDonald was unable to help; Lansbury stood as an independent socialist. Hansen persuaded Lansbury to include in his election address not only a commitment to women's enfranchisement but other radical socialist policies: Irish Home Rule, state pensions, full employment and trade union recognition. Her close involvement with Lansbury's campaign—she acted as his agent—angered some in her local party, but she fulfilled her duties with calm efficiency; according to Shepherd she "displayed the essential quality of any agent ... to maintain optimism in all situations, whatever the daunting difficulties". Her husband Frederick acted as campaign treasurer, and most of costs was borne by Fels and Walter Coates. Nevertheless, when the election came in January 1906, Lansbury's socialist brew proved too much for what his biographer John Shepherd describes as "the mainly working-class, all-male electorate", and Lansbury was heavily defeated. Wilson received 9,227 votes, his
346:
votes for women became for him the overwhelming question of the day. After
Lansbury finally entered parliament in 1910 he expressed to Hansen his lack of faith in the ability of his fellow-Labour MPs to secure women's enfranchisement, despite the party by then having a formal policy commitment. In 1912 Lansbury resigned his parliamentary seat—against Hansen's passionate pleas against such action—to fight for it on the single issue of votes for women; Hansen was devastated when he lost the ensuing by-election: "a more unhappy time I have never lived through". In August 1913 Lansbury was imprisoned for incitement, after publicly supporting the militant tactics of the suffragist bodies which had by then passed well beyond the threshold of lawfulness. Although he was quickly released, Hansen wrote to him with approval: "You have done a big thing for us. It ... shows how far in the dark ages we still are, especially in matters concerning the welfare of women".
446:, during which the women's suffrage campaign was largely suspended, Hansen does not appear to have resumed her WFL activities. In 1919 she and Alice Coates became the first women elected to Middlesbrough Borough Council–Coates was elected a week before Hansen. The two were among the very few active suffragists who took up local politics. Hansen's main concerns as a councillor were related to slum clearance and housing; during the 1930s she spoke against the indiscriminate destruction of properties in the historic district of St Hilda's, maintaining that many houses scheduled for demolition "possessed fine elevations and interiors which make fault finding a difficult task".
283:
457:, outside Middlesbrough, where she died on 2 January 1947. Shepherd quotes Lansbury's description of Hansen as "a very slightly built woman: her frail body possesses an iron will and a courageous spirit. The freedom for which she strove was one which would emancipate body, soul and spirit". Shepherd also remarks on Hansen's relative invisibility after her active life was over: "[H}er name is rarely even mentioned in the standard histories of the suffragette movement". the local history society at Nunthorpe refers to her as "an extraordinary feminist whom historians have forgotten".
211:(ILP), in which Marion Hansen, as branch secretary, was the driving force; she, her family and their associates were known in local socialist circles as "the Linthorpe set". From time to time this group's influence and their paternalistic attitudes, in particular their permanent control over the branch's executive committee, caused resentment among the more working class membership. Another point of contention was the conflict of interest between Hansen's ILP duties and her growing interest in the politics of feminism. In 1903, when the
434:, organised by the WFL in the summer of 1909. Hansen's future sister-in-law Alice Schofield (she married Charles Coates in 1910) had greater visibility; an active WFL organiser, she was imprisoned in 1909 for her part in a demonstration at the House of Commons. Although the two women shared common political and ideological concerns, they were not close; Alice Coates's daughter Marion Johnson, interviewed in 1975, revealed that the two disliked each other, and where possible kept their distance.
229:
359:
393:], put me to bed at once ... Thanks to her kindness I managed to get through all the meetings, and she insisted on my staying a few days to rest. The Hanson home was lovely, and it was the first time in my life I had ever been waited on, and nursed, while the beautiful courtesy of Mr. and Mrs. Hanson to each other, and to their guests, made those few days like a glimpse of Paradise".
421:
Despite her role in the formation of the WFL, there are few records of Hansen's activities on its behalf, although her correspondence with
Lansbury in the years up to 1914 indicates that she remained passionately committed to the cause of women's suffrage. She may have been one of the WFL members who
371:
in August 1906, a divergence of view arose within the WSPU over whether Robert
Smillie, the ILP candidate, should be supported. Smillie favoured women's suffrage in a general way, but was not a declared supporter; he shared with most Labour MPs the view that trade union reforms should take precedence
349:
Hansen's concerns for
Lansbury extended to his family, especially to his wife Bessie with whom she formed a warm and lasting friendship. She felt that Bessie needed a break from her responsibilities for her large family, and invited her to stay in Middlesbrough for a holiday: "The boys can look after
345:
Hansen was primarily responsible in introducing
Lansbury to and educating him in the issue of women's suffrage, a fact that he acknowledged when writing to her in October 1912. Shepherd writes that in due course, "gender was to replace social class at the head of his concerns and preoccupations" and
206:
magazine: "We women are not going to be bought like goodies ... We are coming as comrades, friends, warriors to a state worthy of us, not to dolldom". Around 1900 she married
Frederick Hansen, a member of a well-to-do Middlesbrough family with socialistic beliefs. The Hansen and the Coates families
265:
by its opponents and was not put to the vote. Sensing that the
Liberals would soon become the governing party, the WSPU sought assurances from the party's spokesmen that they would, when in power, legislate on votes for women. The failure of the Liberal leadership to give this commitment led to the
400:
remarks that to many, " represented no more than a small central coterie that took little notice of its members' opinions". When in
September 1907 Emmeline Pankhurst abandoned the constitution and appointed an executive committee of her own nominees a number of members, including Hansen, left the
248:
and her family, wanted a more active strategy and a more specific goal: to secure voting rights for women on the same basis as for men. They founded the WPSU with the motto "Deeds not Words", and the new body began to build an activist membership. Initially, the WPSU did not promote the kinds of
528:
307:, a tireless worker among the poor and disadvantaged of the East End of London. He became known to Hansen through the Coates family's connection with Joseph Fels, who had worked with Lansbury in the organisation of work schemes to assist the unemployed. In 1889 Lansbury had acted as agent for
201:
to attack the standard
Victorian male prejudices concerning the roles of women in society. When one leading socialist opined that women ought to be "captivated and charmed by the beauties and possibilities of socialism", Hansen wrote a condemnatory reply in
405:(WFL). The WFL, while fully committed to the activist struggle, adopted a democratic constitution. It collected many of the WSPU's working class members and promoted better relations with the Labour movement in parliament. Hansen, together with
376:, who had strong ILP loyalties. Although Gawthorpe spoke on behalf of Smillie, Hansen followed Christabel's line, a course of action that further antagonised her local ILP and caused her temporary resignation from the secretaryship.
372:
over women's issues. Christabel
Pankhurst and others decided on a separate campaign against all three declared candidates, and accordingly arranged rival meetings. This created difficulties for those such as Hansen and
1427:
1866:
366:
In the year following the January 1906 general election, won by the Liberals with a large majority, the WSPU was active in a number of by-election contests. Hansen took part in several of these campaigns. At
562:
1621:
290:
Hansen's first recorded contribution to the WSPU cause came in September 1905. Anticipating that a general election would be held in the near future, she secured the candidacy of the socialist activist
1626:
1606:
1596:
1357:
1616:
1611:
1601:
1591:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
2252:
1631:
249:
disruptive actions which later became its hallmark; the change in tactic occurred in 1905, when it appeared that reform via the parliamentary route was doomed to failure. In February 1905 the
396:
The WSPU continued to grow rapidly, but many members were become increasingly dissatisfied by the organisation's lack of democracy and its detachment from the Labour movement. The historian
1554:
1558:
1550:
1972:
1487:
1895:
1546:
1843:
1542:
1861:
182:. Among her siblings were two older brothers: Charles and Walter, who became successful businessmen, and were associated with the American industrialist and social reformer
1424:
2257:
1878:
1536:
1521:
316:
237:
1755:
1516:
2241:
1760:
692:
1908:
1900:
296:
2052:
162:. Her contributions to the cause of women's rights has largely been overlooked by historians, who have tended to concentrate on higher profile figures.
387:
in November; a little later, while leading a series of meetings, Mitchell caught a chill: "I became so ill that my hostess, Mrs Coates-Hanson [
1457:
1452:
466:
384:
1812:
1501:
368:
1729:
258:
2057:
1765:
1482:
1168:
1127:
212:
108:
73:
197:. On her return to England she became an active proponent of socialism and women's rights, using the pages of the radical socialist journal
2308:
1851:
1531:
486:
471:
320:
159:
124:
1409:
170:
Little information has been published about Hansen's early life, education and upbringing. She was born Marion Coates in 1870 or 1871, in
1990:
1934:
1883:
1506:
1389:
476:
2303:
1873:
1526:
1496:
1442:
1419:
1238:
266:
adoption by the WSPU of more aggressive tactics. From the autumn onwards Liberal party meetings were regularly heckled and harassed;
1985:
1207:
1188:
1149:
1084:
1065:
1673:
1913:
1714:
1432:
1362:
780:
731:
651:
1949:
1856:
1585:
1462:
1447:
1379:
1352:
481:
383:
provides a number of glimpses of Hansen during the 1906–10 period. Mitchell remembers her campaigning during a by-election at
282:
2010:
1384:
1342:
1326:
1001:
2298:
2247:
2093:
1437:
1414:
1404:
1369:
299:
constituency, on a programme that included a specific commitment to votes for women. Lansbury was a local councillor and
146:
in the early 1890s. She was one of a group who left the WSPU in protest against the increasingly autocratic attitudes of
107:; 3 June 1870 – 2 January 1947) was an English feminist and women's suffrage campaigner, an early member of the militant
2293:
2062:
2005:
1511:
1467:
1399:
1394:
1374:
286:
George Lansbury in old age (1938). Under Hansen's influence he became an ardent supporter of women' suffrage after 1906.
2236:
2032:
1955:
1827:
1296:
427:
2146:
2117:
2288:
1963:
1276:
1780:
1770:
1750:
1563:
402:
112:
77:
1709:
1663:
274:
were imprisoned after disrupting a meeting in Manchester, obstructing the police and refusing to pay the fine.
208:
135:
123:
politician and future party leader, to take up the cause of votes for women when she acted as his agent in the
69:
326:
Because the local ILP was bound by a secret election pact with the Liberals to support the Liberal candidate,
2231:
2223:
2167:
2072:
1745:
1694:
1668:
410:
339:
244:, promoted the cause of women's suffrage by gradualist, law-abiding methods. Certain NUWSS members, led by
190:, probably in the late 1880s or early 1890s, where she worked for a time as a nanny in the Fels household.
2151:
2123:
1979:
1231:
330:, they could not endorse Lansbury. Hansen tried without success to bypass this restriction. She wrote to
327:
261:, which would give votes to women in parliamentary elections. When the bill was debated on 12 May, it was
193:
During her American sojourn Hansen discovered and was inspired by the poetry and democratic philosophy of
1724:
1347:
312:
138:(ILP). Born into the well-to-do Coates family, she was drawn to socialism through her association with
2283:
2278:
2159:
2128:
2067:
1921:
1291:
976:
397:
267:
2027:
1704:
1271:
1023:
2199:
2136:
2037:
1817:
1261:
300:
250:
245:
147:
2175:
2098:
2042:
1927:
1699:
1316:
1224:
1203:
1184:
1164:
1145:
1123:
1106:
1080:
1061:
431:
430:
on 29 January 1908, and may have participated in the mass pickets of the House of Commons and
406:
335:
241:
228:
120:
2208:
2088:
2047:
2021:
1995:
1940:
1889:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1719:
1321:
1266:
785:
736:
656:
331:
323:. Since the Cobden election, Lansbury's priorities had shifted to poverty and unemployment.
127:. Lansbury became one of the strongest advocates for the women's cause in the pre-1914 era.
2015:
1689:
1477:
1094:
951:"Challenge and Change: A Brief History of Women Councillors in Yorkshire & the Humber"
443:
380:
292:
151:
116:
950:
2141:
1822:
1805:
1785:
1775:
1286:
1281:
1099:
774:
725:
645:
373:
304:
2272:
1306:
254:
215:
was founded to promote the cause of women's suffrage, Hansen became an early member.
179:
131:
358:
2191:
2183:
271:
194:
187:
143:
142:, the American industrialist and social reformer for whom she worked as a nanny in
804:
755:
675:
362:
Christabel Pankhurst, a leading WSPU activist, photographed on graduation in 1905
1311:
1137:
454:
308:
183:
139:
58:
789:
740:
660:
1301:
423:
350:
the children, the girls can cook dinner and Mr Lansbury can darn his socks".
262:
171:
155:
41:
453:
district of the town. Later, after Frederick Hansen's death, Hansen lived in
2000:
450:
175:
45:
1110:
1247:
342:
opponent 6,846 and Lansbury 1,484—less than 9 percent of the total vote.
174:, Yorkshire. While she was still a young child, the family moved to the
150:
and her family towards the organisation's general membership. After the
315:, and was known to Emmeline Pankhurst who had campaigned for him at
449:
From 1911 Hansen, who was childless, lived with her husband in the
2216:
357:
281:
227:
115:(WFL) in 1907. She is generally credited with having influenced
1220:
389:
236:
The WPSU, founded in 1903, was a breakaway movement from the
18:
English feminist and women's suffrage campaigner (1870–1947)
1216:
1058:
The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866–1928
2253:
Art in the women's suffrage movement in the United States
529:"All 1881 UK Census Collection results for Marion Coates"
158:
in Middlesbrough, and was involved in housing reform and
379:
In her memoirs written many years later, the suffragist
693:"Women and the Vote: Start of the suffragette movement"
154:
she took up local politics in Middlesbrough, became a
1973:
Centenary of Women's Suffrage Commemorative Fountain
2107:
2081:
1840:
1738:
1682:
1574:
1335:
1254:
83:
65:
52:
35:
30:
23:
1098:
773:
724:
644:
186:. Through the Fels connection Hansen travelled to
2258:Music and women's suffrage in the United States
1879:Women's suffrage organizations and publications
1183:. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.
1766:National Women's Rights Convention (1850–1869)
413:joined the WFL's initial executive committee.
1232:
1079:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
8:
996:
994:
784:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
735:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
655:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
238:National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies
1200:George Lansbury: at the Heart of Old Labour
557:
555:
1909:Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst Memorial
1578:
1239:
1225:
1217:
620:
618:
20:
2242:Women's Suffrage Centennial silver dollar
1813:1920 United States presidential election
956:. Center for Women & Democracy. 2011
134:, and was an active member of the local
2053:Women's Rights National Historical Park
936:
934:
781:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
732:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
652:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
497:
1730:Suffragette bombing and arson campaign
1175:(First published by Routledge in 1974)
726:"Pankhurst, Dame Christabel Harriette"
467:Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom
207:were influential members of the local
130:Hansen spent almost her whole life in
1771:Trial of Susan B. Anthony (1872–1873)
1586:International Woman Suffrage Alliance
590:
588:
586:
584:
582:
580:
7:
2124:"The March of the Women" (1910 song)
1852:List of suffragists and suffragettes
1715:Women's Coronation Procession (1911)
565:. The Women's Library. 12 April 1975
472:List of suffragists and suffragettes
111:(WSPU) and a founding member of the
1202:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
646:"Pankhurst (née Goulden), Emmeline"
2094:National Voting Rights Museum (US)
2058:Women's Suffrage National Monument
1874:Historiography of the Suffragettes
1828:Selma to Montgomery marches (1965)
1181:George Lansbury: Lives of the Left
1024:"Name of deceased (surname first)"
695:. Parliament of the United Kingdom
506:Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934
213:Women's Social and Political Union
109:Women's Social and Political Union
74:Women's Social and Political Union
14:
1986:Turning Point Suffragist Memorial
975:Delplanque, Paul (11 June 2010).
125:general election campaign of 1906
2137:"Sister Suffragette" (1964 song)
1935:Women's Rights Pioneers Monument
1781:Woman Suffrage Procession (1913)
1751:Declaration of Sentiments (1848)
477:List of women's rights activists
278:Association with George Lansbury
1950:Kate Sheppard National Memorial
1710:Battle of Downing Street (1910)
1353:1902 Commonwealth Franchise Act
1142:Emmeline Pankhurst: a biography
856:Shepherd 2002, p. 89 and p. 121
772:Shepherd, John (January 2011).
336:Labour Representation Committee
1761:Ohio Women's Convention (1850)
1746:Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
549:Shepherd 2002, p. 61 and p. 84
487:Women's suffrage organisations
416:
1:
910:Mitchell, p. 35 and pp. 88–89
723:Purvis, June (January 2011).
643:Purvis, June (January 2011).
1867:in majority-Muslim countries
1857:Timeline of women's suffrage
1796:Silent Sentinels (1917–1919)
1725:Open Christmas Letter (1914)
1674:2019–2020 Hong Kong protests
1002:"Famous people of Nunthorpe"
805:UK public library membership
756:UK public library membership
676:UK public library membership
482:Timeline of women's suffrage
311:when she was elected to the
2309:English socialist feminists
2237:New Zealand ten-dollar note
1904:(Emmeline Pankhurst statue)
1818:"Give Us the Ballot" (1957)
1756:Rochester Convention (1848)
1541:Constitutional amendments:
1327:Women's liberation movement
428:State Opening of Parliament
257:, introduced a bill to the
2325:
1776:Suffrage Hikes (1912–1914)
1056:Crawford, Dorothy (1999).
232:A WSPU meeting, circa 1908
2304:People from Middlesbrough
2244:(2020 U.S. commemorative)
2063:International Women's Day
1581:
1179:Scheer, Jonathan (1990).
1004:. Nunthorpe History Group
892:Shepherd 2002, pp. 352–53
865:Shepherd 2002, pp. 121–22
91:
2147:Women's suffrage in film
2118:The Women's Marseillaise
2006:Suffragette Handkerchief
1884:Women's rights activists
1664:Hong Kong 1 July marches
847:Shepherd 2002, pp. 86–88
594:Shepherd 2002, pp. 84–85
504:Marion Coates-Hansen in
209:Independent Labour Party
136:Independent Labour Party
70:Independent Labour Party
56:2 January 1947 (aged 75)
2248:2020 US ten-dollar bill
2232:Susan B. Anthony dollar
2169:Not for Ourselves Alone
1791:Suffrage Special (1916)
1720:Great Pilgrimage (1913)
1669:2014 Hong Kong protests
1267:Right to run for office
1198:Shepherd, John (2002).
810:(subscription required)
761:(subscription required)
681:(subscription required)
411:Teresa Billington-Greig
334:, the secretary of the
1915:Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1564:1965 Voting Rights Act
1159:Rosen, Andrew (2013).
790:10.1093/ref:odnb/34407
741:10.1093/ref:odnb/35375
713:Purvis 2002, pp. 72–75
661:10.1093/ref:odnb/35376
422:attempted to petition
417:Women's Freedom League
403:Women's Freedom League
363:
328:Joseph Havelock Wilson
287:
240:(NUWSS) which, led by
233:
113:Women's Freedom League
78:Women's Freedom League
1896:Belmont–Paul Monument
1823:Freedom Summer (1964)
1700:Women's Sunday (1908)
1163:. London: Routledge.
1144:. London: Routledge.
1118:Pugh, Martin (2008).
1060:. London: Routledge.
883:Shepherd 2002, p. 133
874:Shepherd 2002, p. 128
633:Shepherd 2002, p. 118
563:"Johnson, Mrs Marion"
361:
321:1895 general election
313:London County Council
285:
231:
2299:Feminism and history
2161:Shoulder to Shoulder
2130:The Mother of Us All
2073:Women's Equality Day
2068:Susan B. Anthony Day
1922:Suffragette Memorial
1527:District of Columbia
1297:Non-resident citizen
1075:Hunt, Karen (1996).
1043:Shepherd, pp. 117–18
1033:: 3038. 1 July 1947.
940:Crawford, pp. 721–22
829:Shepherd 2002, p. 45
603:Shepherd 2002, p. 39
401:WSPU and formed the
268:Christabel Pankhurst
98:Marion Coates Hansen
61:, Yorkshire, England
25:Marion Coates Hansen
2294:English suffragists
2028:Hunger Strike Medal
1705:Black Friday (1910)
1122:. London: Vintage.
1077:Equivocal Feminists
979:. gazettelive.co.uk
517:1901 England Census
2171:(1999 documentary)
2038:Suffrage jewellery
1262:Universal suffrage
1031:The London Gazette
775:"Lansbury, George"
364:
288:
246:Emmeline Pankhurst
234:
148:Emmeline Pankhurst
2289:English feminists
2266:
2265:
2177:Iron Jawed Angels
2099:Umbrella Movement
2043:Suffragette penny
1957:Millicent Fawcett
1928:Portrait Monument
1836:
1835:
1690:WSPU march (1906)
1507:African Americans
1425:Spain (Civil War,
1317:Compulsory voting
1170:978-0-415-62384-1
1129:978-0-099-52043-6
1105:. London: Faber.
977:"Over the Border"
820:Scheer, pp. 71–75
803:(Subscription or
754:(Subscription or
674:(Subscription or
432:10 Downing Street
407:Charlotte Despard
301:Poor Law guardian
242:Millicent Fawcett
95:
94:
2316:
2089:Age of candidacy
2022:Holloway Jingles
1996:Pankhurst Centre
1967:(2008 sculpture)
1890:Leser v. Garnett
1695:Mud March (1907)
1579:
1512:Native Americans
1322:Disfranchisement
1241:
1234:
1227:
1218:
1213:
1194:
1174:
1155:
1133:
1114:
1104:
1095:Mitchell, Hannah
1090:
1071:
1044:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1009:
998:
989:
988:
986:
984:
972:
966:
965:
963:
961:
955:
947:
941:
938:
929:
928:Pugh, pp. 163–67
926:
920:
917:
911:
908:
902:
901:Rosen, pp. 69–71
899:
893:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
854:
848:
845:
839:
836:
830:
827:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
800:
798:
796:
777:
769:
763:
762:
759:
751:
749:
747:
728:
720:
714:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
689:
683:
682:
679:
671:
669:
667:
648:
640:
634:
631:
625:
624:Crawford, p. 130
622:
613:
610:
604:
601:
595:
592:
575:
574:
572:
570:
559:
550:
547:
541:
540:
538:
536:
531:. ancestry.co.uk
525:
519:
514:
508:
502:
332:Ramsay MacDonald
259:House of Commons
156:local councillor
87:Frederick Hansen
31:Personal details
21:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2313:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2227:(upcoming film)
2153:Votes for Women
2109:
2103:
2077:
2016:Holloway brooch
2011:Holloway banner
1842:
1832:
1801:Night of Terror
1734:
1678:
1570:
1331:
1250:
1245:
1210:
1197:
1191:
1178:
1171:
1161:Rise Up, Women!
1158:
1152:
1136:
1130:
1117:
1101:The Hard Way Up
1093:
1087:
1074:
1068:
1055:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1005:
1000:
999:
992:
982:
980:
974:
973:
969:
959:
957:
953:
949:
948:
944:
939:
932:
927:
923:
918:
914:
909:
905:
900:
896:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
864:
860:
855:
851:
846:
842:
837:
833:
828:
824:
819:
815:
809:
802:
794:
792:
771:
770:
766:
760:
753:
745:
743:
722:
721:
717:
712:
708:
698:
696:
691:
690:
686:
680:
673:
665:
663:
642:
641:
637:
632:
628:
623:
616:
611:
607:
602:
598:
593:
578:
568:
566:
561:
560:
553:
548:
544:
534:
532:
527:
526:
522:
515:
511:
503:
499:
495:
463:
444:First World War
440:
424:King Edward VII
419:
381:Hannah Mitchell
356:
293:George Lansbury
280:
253:opposition MP,
226:
221:
168:
152:First World War
117:George Lansbury
76:
72:
66:Political party
57:
40:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2220:(2022 musical)
2213:
2212:(2018 musical)
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2173:
2165:
2157:
2149:
2144:
2142:Suffrage plays
2139:
2134:
2126:
2121:
2113:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1965:Great Petition
1961:
1953:
1946:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1906:
1902:Rise up, Women
1898:
1893:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1806:Prison Special
1803:
1793:
1788:
1786:Suffrage Torch
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1582:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Cayman Islands
1448:United Kingdom
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1195:
1189:
1176:
1169:
1156:
1150:
1134:
1128:
1120:The Pankhursts
1115:
1091:
1085:
1072:
1066:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1036:
1015:
990:
967:
942:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
764:
715:
706:
684:
635:
626:
614:
605:
596:
576:
551:
542:
520:
509:
496:
494:
491:
490:
489:
484:
479:
474:
469:
462:
459:
439:
436:
418:
415:
374:Mary Gawthorpe
355:
352:
279:
276:
225:
222:
220:
217:
167:
164:
160:slum clearance
93:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
67:
63:
62:
54:
50:
49:
37:
33:
32:
28:
27:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2321:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2187:(2013 sitcom)
2186:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2164:
2163:(1974 series)
2162:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1839:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:United States
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1410:Liechtenstein
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1307:Demeny voting
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1211:
1209:0-198-20164-8
1205:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1190:0-7190-2170-7
1186:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1153:
1151:0-415-23978-8
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1086:0-521-55451-9
1082:
1078:
1073:
1069:
1067:0-415-23926-5
1063:
1059:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1003:
997:
995:
991:
978:
971:
968:
952:
946:
943:
937:
935:
931:
925:
922:
916:
913:
907:
904:
898:
895:
889:
886:
880:
877:
871:
868:
862:
859:
853:
850:
844:
841:
838:Scheer, p. 87
835:
832:
826:
823:
817:
814:
806:
791:
787:
783:
782:
776:
768:
765:
757:
742:
738:
734:
733:
727:
719:
716:
710:
707:
694:
688:
685:
677:
662:
658:
654:
653:
647:
639:
636:
630:
627:
621:
619:
615:
609:
606:
600:
597:
591:
589:
587:
585:
583:
581:
577:
564:
558:
556:
552:
546:
543:
530:
524:
521:
518:
513:
510:
507:
501:
498:
492:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
458:
456:
452:
447:
445:
437:
435:
433:
429:
425:
414:
412:
408:
404:
399:
394:
392:
391:
386:
382:
377:
375:
370:
360:
354:WSPU activist
353:
351:
347:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Middlesbrough
294:
284:
277:
275:
273:
269:
264:
260:
256:
255:Bamford Slack
252:
247:
243:
239:
230:
223:
218:
216:
214:
210:
205:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
181:
180:Middlesbrough
177:
173:
165:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
132:Middlesbrough
128:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
22:
16:
2224:
2215:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2185:Up the Women
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2132:(1947 opera)
2129:
2048:Suffrage Oak
2033:Justice Bell
2020:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1948:
1941:
1933:
1926:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1588:conferences
1255:Basic topics
1199:
1180:
1160:
1141:
1138:Purvis, June
1119:
1100:
1076:
1057:
1039:
1030:
1018:
1006:. Retrieved
981:. Retrieved
970:
958:. Retrieved
945:
924:
919:Pugh, p. 144
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
793:. Retrieved
779:
767:
744:. Retrieved
730:
718:
709:
697:. Retrieved
687:
664:. Retrieved
650:
638:
629:
612:Hunt, p. 201
608:
599:
567:. Retrieved
545:
533:. Retrieved
523:
516:
512:
505:
500:
448:
441:
420:
395:
388:
385:Huddersfield
378:
365:
348:
344:
340:Conservative
325:
289:
272:Annie Kenney
263:"talked out"
235:
203:
198:
195:Walt Whitman
192:
188:Philadelphia
178:district of
169:
144:Philadelphia
129:
104:
101:
97:
96:
15:
2284:1947 deaths
2279:1870 births
2203:(2015 film)
2201:Suffragette
2195:(2014 film)
2179:(2004 film)
2155:(1912 film)
1991:Eagle House
1844:(memorials)
1532:Puerto Rico
1443:Switzerland
1420:New Zealand
1312:Suffragette
1292:Non-citizen
455:Great Ayton
398:Martin Pugh
369:Cockermouth
319:during the
309:Jane Cobden
184:Joseph Fels
140:Joseph Fels
59:Great Ayton
39:3 June 1870
2273:Categories
1980:Resilience
1522:foreigners
1428:Francoist)
1358:aboriginal
1336:By country
1302:Voting age
807:required.)
795:2 February
758:required.)
678:required.)
493:References
442:After the
438:Later life
224:Background
219:Suffragist
172:Osbaldwick
166:Early life
42:Osbaldwick
2001:Paulsdale
1433:Sri Lanka
1390:Hong Kong
1348:Australia
451:Nunthorpe
176:Linthorpe
48:, England
46:Yorkshire
1463:Scotland
1380:Colombia
1248:Suffrage
1140:(2002).
1097:(1968).
1008:12 March
983:12 March
960:12 March
461:See also
317:Walworth
2225:Lioness
2110:culture
2108:Popular
2082:Related
1942:Forward
1385:Ecuador
1343:Austria
1050:Sources
746:8 March
699:8 March
666:6 March
569:6 March
535:6 March
426:at the
295:in the
251:Liberal
204:Justice
199:Justice
2209:Sylvia
1959:statue
1944:statue
1917:statue
1575:Events
1537:states
1517:felons
1438:Sweden
1415:Mexico
1405:Kuwait
1370:Canada
1206:
1187:
1167:
1148:
1126:
1111:461064
1109:
1083:
1064:
801:
752:
672:
305:Poplar
121:Labour
119:, the
105:Coates
84:Spouse
2217:Suffs
2193:Selma
1841:Women
1502:women
1474:laws
1468:Wales
1453:women
1400:Japan
1395:India
1375:Chile
1363:women
1287:Youth
1282:Black
1272:Women
1027:(PDF)
954:(PDF)
1657:14th
1652:13th
1647:12th
1642:11th
1637:10th
1559:26th
1555:24th
1551:23rd
1547:19th
1543:15th
1488:1928
1483:1918
1478:1832
1204:ISBN
1185:ISBN
1165:ISBN
1146:ISBN
1124:ISBN
1107:OCLC
1081:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1010:2013
985:2013
962:2013
797:2013
748:2013
701:2013
668:2013
571:2013
537:2013
409:and
270:and
53:Died
36:Born
1632:9th
1627:8th
1622:7th
1617:6th
1612:5th
1607:4th
1602:3rd
1597:2nd
1592:1st
1549:,
1277:Men
786:doi
737:doi
657:doi
390:sic
303:in
102:née
2275::
1862:US
1739:US
1683:UK
1557:,
1553:,
1545:,
1029:.
993:^
933:^
778:.
729:.
649:.
617:^
579:^
554:^
44:,
2120:"
2116:"
1240:e
1233:t
1226:v
1212:.
1193:.
1173:.
1154:.
1132:.
1113:.
1089:.
1070:.
1012:.
987:.
964:.
799:.
788::
750:.
739::
703:.
670:.
659::
573:.
539:.
100:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
