418:
officials, all manner of unconstitutional ordinances existed in many jurisdictions... With the growing arrogance and misconduct by local governments, more preemption laws are inevitable and necessary." Since the 1987 law that gave the state of
Florida "exclusive right to regulate firearms", local governments imposed their own additional regulations. Hammer described these "local gun haters" as flouting the 1987 law. She said that these laws that differed from locality to locality, meant that "law-abiding people" who were bearing arms "had no way of knowing what these local regulations were. On June 2011 Governor Rick Scott, signed a "tough" new Florida statewide law, that "forbid city and county governments from enacting or enforcing local gun-control regulations." The law, which was backed by the NRA, applies hefty fines to any city of county that tries to "adopt or enforce local gun laws". As NRA lobbyist, Hammer was cited as saying, "The Constitution protects the right to keep and bear arms. Local governments are not allowed to regulate the Bill of Rights." She criticized the February 26, 2014 actions of the
376:, "focused attention once again on Florida's gun laws, and on Hammer's role in getting them passed." Hammer worked with Jeb Bush's chief of staff, Sally Bradshaw, on the stand-your-ground legislation. Bradshaw said, "There is no more tenacious presence in Tallahassee than Marion Hammer. A lot of lobbyists come and go, but Marion is part of a cause, and that means she has real credibility and a stick-with-it-ness that few can match. You want her on your side in a fight." Hammer told lawmakers "You can't expect a victim to wait before taking action to protect herself, and say: 'Excuse me, Mr. Criminal, did you drag me into this alley to rape and kill me or do you just want to beat me up and steal my purse?'" She criticized opponents of the legislation as "bleeding-heart criminal coddlers."
399:(R-4) and which Hammer, "worked to enact", "punishes local officials who attempt to establish gun regulations stricter than those imposed at the state level. Officials can be fined thousands of dollars and removed from office." N.R.A. papers show that it was "deeply involved in advocating" for House Bill 45. Hammer "oversaw its development" which included monitoring even "minor adjustments to the bill's language." In an exchange of emails about "three draft amendments" including one about "where fines should be deposited", an analyst corresponded with Hammer, "Marion, I've spoken with you about the first one"; an analyst "said she'd spoken with you about the others. Let me know what you think."
663:. Justice Hinkle said that, "The photographs were graphic, partly because they apparently depicted actual injuries. But images as graphic, or nearly so, can be seen in movies and video games, on cable if not also network television, and in medical literature. The photographs were germane to the policy debate that Ms. Hammer regularly participated in and Mr. Sorensen apparently sought to join. Sending these photographs, at least in these circumstances, was not tortious. And treating them as tortious would violate the First Amendment." The dismissal is "limited to Sorensen".
321:, on June 8, 2018, Hammer said, "What we did is we helped write the bill and then amended it onto somebody else's bill...It was just me. Just NRA. Just gun owners wanting to be sure the program was protected." From February 2016 through March 2017, the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services failed to use the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) on over 300,000 CCW permit applications, which meant that those with a mental illness or drug addiction, could get a CCW permit. By June 2018 Agriculture Commissioner
574:, the head of the committee that funds Swiftmud. Hammer said that a NRA lawyer wrote the document that spelled out the terms of the dismissal of the Swiftmud lawsuit. Hammer then sent this to Albritton and Governor Scott's office. Albritton had his assistant send an email to Swiftmud's Colleen Thayer with an attachment that spelled out the terms of the dismissal of the Swiftmud lawsuit. It was written as if Swiftmud had already consented to it. The digital signature on the document was "Marion".
464:
concealed-weapons licenses to carry firearms" at religious institutions, is a "private property-rights measure." She said with "2018 an election year it's important to know who isn't being truthful in their support of Second
Amendment issues...We had Republicans who joined the Democrats as obstructionists last year, and bills would be (temporarily postponed), which was a type of protectionism for Republicans. This year, thankfully, they voted. They've been outed, and now we can report it." The
472:), keeps track of allegiance to NRA values through a scoring system established in the 1970s, by which they rate political candidates "based on voting records, and public statements" on their positions on gun rights on a point scale ranging from A+ to F. Governor Rick Scott, for example had the highest rating of A+ for his "unmatched record of support for the Second Amendment in Florida. Rick has signed more pro-gun bills into law in one term than any other governor in Florida history."
254:, she was described as being as "tough as a day-old biscuit" with a "startlingly deep" voice. She says, "It truly is not guns that kill people, individuals do." In 1996, with Hammer as president, NRA membership was at a record high with Republicans in power both in congress and in many state legislatures. New members included women, minorities, "hunters, target shooters and people who want to learn how to use guns to protect themselves from violent crime."
456:, Hammer said that, "The majority of our is ...liberal leaning and biased against the Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution." In March 2017, the court "upheld a longstanding ban on people openly carrying firearms in public." In September 2017, the Supreme Court of Florida, unanimously voted to "drw a line in the sand in Florida's stand your ground law by saying the determination of immunity in a criminal case does not carry over to a civil case."
395:, who has an A+ NRA rating, signed three important pro-gun bills into law, Senate Bill 234, House Bill 155, and House Bill 45, by the end of the May 7th, 2011, when the Florida legislature adjourned. The first made the Right-to-Carry or Concealed Weapons Licensing law, more pro-gun. House Bill 155 would allow gun-owners to carry guns into doctor's offices and examining rooms. The third, House Bill 45, which was co-sponsored by state Representative
588:
1001:
651:, Hammer participated in Senate and House committee meetings to advocate for the NRA. On July 13, 2018, Hammer filed federal and state lawsuits seeking over $ 2 million in damages from five men who she claimed had harassed her in response to her appearances in these meetings. In court filings, she claimed to have been harassed in person, through phone calls and via email.
570:, and the Florida legislature to abolish Swiftmud and to investigate Swiftmud's "blatant and wanton Civil Rights/Second Amendment rights violations." Hammer wrote that Swiftmud was "a malignant state agency that uses unlimited tax dollars in what I can only called an evil attempt to steal private property and destroy a small private business." Hammer met with
340:, the state Chief Financial Officer. Hammer said, "No program that facilitates a constitutional right should be under a politically appointed agency head, it must be under an elected official answerable to the people. I assure you 1.8 million (concealed weapons) license holders would not be happy if the program were disrupted." According to the
2100:
her. She adjusted her schedule and the places she eats with her family so that they are not predictable. Her entire family group does not go anywhere together any more. Hammer has even avoided public hearings and appearances—thus restraining her own constitutional rights and interfering with her performance of her professional duties.
2099:
Hammer's daily life has drastically altered because of the harassment she is enduring... now frequently avoids going out to dinner with them because she runs the risk of being recognized and attacked; potentially exposing her family and other members of the public to physical violence directed toward
217:
In the mid-1980s, in a parking deck, Hammer claims she was followed by a car with five male passengers and a male driver who appeared to be either drunk or on drugs. Instead of running, she claims she stood firmly in front of the vehicle with her six-shot .38-caliber revolver, that she always carried
509:
as an alternative to the (CAP law) or safe storage law. Marion Hammer, the NRA lobbyist who promoted the stand-your-ground law, created the Eddie Eagle GunSafe program in the late 1980s. According to the NRA, by 2016, there were 28 million children who had completed the Eddie Eagle program. In their
273:
Hammer founded the pro-gun organisation
Unified Sportsmen of Florida (USF) in 1977, becoming the NRA's affiliate in Florida. The group lobbied for Florida passing a shall issue concealed weapon and firearm license law in 1987. In 2019, it was reported that Hammer had received low-interest loans from
235:
Hammer had been an NRA member all her adult life, and had served as second and first vice president. On
December 5, 1995, Thomas Washington, who was president of the NRA for 18 months during a period that was sometimes "embattled", died as a result a heart attack suffered while deer hunting. During
538:
can "use talking computers during standardized tests". She has "helped secure funding for the McKay scholarships for children with disabilities" and for funding to install "speed-limit signs outside private schools". Sally, the youngest of Hammer's three daughters was "diagnosed with a terminal,
475:
On
February 22, 2018, in her position as USF executive director and as past president of the NRA, Hammer asked USF and NRA members and friends to email politicians that "Gun control won't protect our children." She recommended that politicians focus on providing armed security in schools and on
331:
revealed that between 2014 and 2018, with Putman as
Agriculture Commissioner, 298 emails were exchanged between Hammer and employees of the Department of Agriculture. With Putman as Commissioner, Florida became the first and only state in the United States to grant over two million CCW permits.
451:
weekly political briefing notes, launching Hammer's campaign to "purge" Justice
Pariente from a case, "which centers on whether or his successor has the legal authority to appoint replacements for three justices" that "could have far-reaching implications for the makeup of the court". In an
417:
In a
February 2, 2017 opinion piece, Hammer wrote that, in "the 1970s and 1980s, one of the more blatant areas of abuse by local governments was the unconstitutional regulation of Second Amendment rights. With no justification whatever, and based solely on the personal views of elected local
266:
226:
Tallahassee, Florida-based Hammer served as NRA president, an NRA board member, and an NRA lobbyist for the state of
Florida. She has been the executive director of the Unified Sportsmen of Florida, (USF) the NRA's affiliate in Florida, since 1976. She is a certified firearms instructor.
384:. Baxter described her as a "determined" and a "tremendous inspiration." He said, "She doesn't want to see anybody victimized. She is absolutely vibrant in protecting the Second Amendment." The law passed with almost no opposition. "Opposing it seemed like political suicide in Florida."
463:
Judiciary
Committee of pro-gun proposals that would have loosened gun laws regarding carrying concealed-weapons near courthouses, religious institutions, private schools, day care facilities, and the inadvertent display of handguns. She said that, the proposal to "allow Floridians with
1120:
1125:
A past president of the National Rifle Association has taken out loans totaling more than $ 250,000, at an interest rate as low as 2 percent, from the NRA's Florida affiliate, a nonprofit that she has led for decades and that employs only her, according to the organization's tax
353:, include complaints about denied CCW license renewals, spam phone calls and email, South Korean dogs, and a specific pest control company that she claimed damaged a house she owned. They reveal that Hammer's "sphere of influence" was much wider than just gun legislation.
336:, who replaced Putman in 2018 supports placing the CCW permit program under the Florida Department of Law Enforcement's authority and has criticized Hammer for her NRA lobbying regarding CCW permits. Hammer is lobbying to have the program placed under Republican
885:
Marion Hammer is a legend in the gun community — the indefatigable leader of the Gunshine State's armed intelligentsia. Marion is a former NRA president, a current NRA Board member and executive director of the Unified Sportsmen of Florida, the state NRA
658:
dismissed Hammer's claims against Lawrence Sorensen, a California attorney who had sent her two emails on March 24 with graphic images of gunshot wounds. Justice Hinkle said that Sorensen's emails, which he described as "disgusting" were protected by the
288:, Hammer, who was described as a "78-year-old lobbyist who is "under five feet tall", carries a "handgun in her purse" and is the "most powerful in her industry when it comes to pro-gun legislation". She has been active as a lobbyist in the state of
551:. "Critics called that decision insensitive at best." She said that the scheduling was done before the tragic bombing and if the NRA had rescheduled, "People would have said the only reason they changed it was because they somehow felt responsible."
1112:
306:
In 2002, Hammer, on behalf of the NRA, "had lawmakers quietly move" the division handling the concealed weapons permit program to Florida's Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. Until 2002, the Division of Licensing was under the
248:(ARTs) "jack-booted government thugs". Following Washington's death, Hammer, "who was in line to succeed him, took over", becoming the "first female president in the 125-year history of the National Rifle Association." In a 1996 profile in
488:
In June 2022, it was announced that Hammer would retire as the state lobbyist for the NRA-Institute for Legislative Action (ILA) in Florida, taking on a new role as an adviser to the NRA, focused on national gun advocacy.
492:
In April 2024, it was reported that the NRA had terminated Hammer's $ 220,000/yr "retirement contract" consulting for the NRA, as well as a $ 50,000/yr contract consulting for the NRA's Institute for Legislative Affairs.
184:. They were relatively poor and engaged in subsistence hunting. She learned to shoot "squirrels and rabbits for dinner" with a .22 bolt-action single-shot rifle. She would go hunting after school. Her father served in
168:. Hammer is currently very active in lobbying the NRA positions and helping to write pro-gun legislation with the Florida State Legislature, including participation in Senate and House committee meetings following the
1142:
274:
the USF. Media reports noted they may have been unlawful under Florida Statute 617.0833, which regulates the circumstances under which not-for-profit corporations may loan money to their directors or officers.
539:
inoperable brain tumor" in 1995. When Sally's husband left shortly after the diagnosis, she and her two young children, 3-year-old Eric and Kayla, who was under one at the time, went to live with Hammer.
1326:
A Tampa Bay Times review of hundreds of emails between NRA lobbyist Marion Hammer and the state's Department of Agriculture found her sphere of influence stretches far beyond gun legislation.
344:, Fried said that "Politics should have no role in our concealed weapons permit process — the current system has allowed groups like the NRA to control our state government for long enough."
1393:
1826:
2602:
1864:
699:
1235:
1370:
1271:
1677:
3682:
1097:
2250:
2233:
2193:
1590:
35:
505:
GunSafe, in 1988, which was updated by Lisa Monroe, a University of Oklahoma School of Education early childhood education specialist contracted by the NRA. The NRA promotes
2146:
411:
299:
She "lobbied for and eventually pushed through" a 1987 Florida law that allows Floridians who "have no criminal records or mental illness" to carry concealed weapons with
380:(R-Fl), a funeral director, who worked with Hammer on the law and was its sponsor, said that Hammer's words resonated with the constituents of the county he represented,
195:
She married a man who also loved hunting and they entered shooting competitions together as part of "family recreational activities" which later included their children.
1150:
1061:
240:, a pro-gun candidate and NRA life member, who had the NRA endorsement, resigned from the NRA after receiving an April 13, 1995 fundraising letter by NRA vice president
510:
testimony in Tennessee in 2016, the NRA lobbyist said that the Eddie Eagle program was the most effective way "to reduce firearm-related accidents" regarding children.
1879:
562:(Swiftmud), sued the Skyway Trap & Skeet Club in St. Petersburg for not building a barrier that would prevent spent ammunition from accumulating in neighboring
2595:
1645:
2057:"Statement of Marion P. Hammer concerning the ongoing illegal actions of the South West Florida Water Management District against Skyway Trap and Skeet Club"
559:
2621:
1555:
1705:
296:
for more than three decades, which included about 30 laws since 1998 alone. Republicans were in control of the Florida legislature during that time.
2588:
2226:
1689:
National Rifle Association lobbyist Marion Hammer launched a campaign to purge Florida Supreme Court Justice Barbara Pariente from a case that could
245:
1308:
484:
479:
On April 18, 2018, in her position as USF executive director and past president of the NRA, Hammer lambasted Simpson over his vote on SB 7026, the
2009:
1834:
207:
2120:
1767:
3692:
3672:
1856:
1532:
483:. She said he was a "betrayer" and "lacked the courage to uphold their oath of office and keep their word to constituents who voted for them."
2242:
1037:
959:
934:
644:
169:
149:
Hammer has been an influential NRA lobbyist since the 1970s, and is credited with influencing many of Florida's gun laws, including the 2005
143:
547:
In her first year as NRA president, Hammer was criticized for holding the NRA convention on April 19, 1996, the one-year anniversary of the
214:
in June 1968. She has claimed "our government, that is supposed to protect us and our rights, decided to engage in some political eyewash."
172:
in Parkland, Florida, on 14 February 2018. Following the mass shooting, Hammer became the target of harassment for her lobbying activities.
1186:
300:
2219:
1616:
1089:
2772:
2665:
211:
1290:
The agriculture commissioner says 291 people received concealed weapons permits that shouldn't have, but his office has revoked them.
597:
975:
768:
630:
1339:
153:
law. Florida's laws have led to the enactment of similar laws across the United States. She developed an NRA program for children,
1506:
726:
2567:
2541:
203:
2157:
1421:
3677:
3628:
2611:
523:
165:
1889:
840:
686:
325:
said that his office had revoked 291 permits erroneously granted to people who did not pass background checks. In 2018, the
1789:
440:
In a November 30, 2017 statement, Hammer sent a statement to the USF and NRA members and friends, calling on them to email
2955:
1960:
1209:
902:
388:
3376:
3007:
2867:
2556:
430:
308:
158:
3028:
3511:
3402:
3082:
3077:
2336:
1763:
1475:
469:
465:
3563:
2038:
601:
292:
from the late 1970s and continues her position today. Hammer has been credited with being the force behind most
3459:
3285:
3254:
2919:
2792:
2787:
2762:
2551:
480:
441:
181:
101:
3527:
3506:
2696:
3433:
2782:
2752:
2721:
2716:
2701:
2151:
1715:
868:
566:
Park, a public wetland. In a February 11, 2016 statement, Hammer called on Governor Scott, Attorney General
519:
199:
1880:"NRA dumps longtime Florida lobbyist Marion Hammer, halts hundreds of thousands in payments flowing to her"
3667:
3480:
3423:
3103:
2777:
2546:
2372:
2276:
2186:
898:
381:
3537:
1912:
1113:"NRA board member and former president Marion Hammer obtained low-interest loan from affiliate she leads"
506:
3602:
3485:
3475:
3454:
3381:
3275:
3176:
3033:
2903:
2264:
655:
548:
357:
3355:
1591:"Florida cities, counties must take local gun laws off books: New state law bans local gun regulations"
798:
410:
for similar laws passed in a majority of U.S. states. Hammer's efficacy as lobbyist in Florida for her
3633:
3612:
3553:
3449:
2797:
2767:
2670:
265:
3687:
3329:
2976:
2945:
2711:
2473:
1884:
419:
3638:
2081:
3259:
3249:
2650:
2294:
1394:"See all released emails between the NRA's Marion Hammer and the Florida Department of Agriculture"
672:
293:
135:
115:
3607:
3108:
700:"NRA's Marion Hammer: Governor and legislative plans to limit gun access are "political eyewash.""
347:
The hundreds of emails from Hammer to the Department of Agriculture, made available online by the
315:. In all other American states, either the police or courts handles CCW permits. According to the
3407:
3124:
3098:
3002:
2997:
2929:
2841:
2802:
2706:
2432:
2414:
2306:
1934:
1143:"Low-interest loans trigger Florida lawmaker's renewed call for NRA, Marion Hammer investigation"
250:
189:
1443:
1178:
414:
agenda, has led to Florida being dubbed the "Gunshine State" — not just the "Sunshine State".
3371:
3350:
3150:
2675:
2655:
2503:
2438:
2318:
2312:
1371:"Florida's new agriculture commissioner fights with NRA lobbyist over concealed carry permits"
1033:
955:
930:
648:
237:
150:
2056:
1935:"Academic Who Helped Design the NRA's Child Gun Safety Program Says the Group Is Misusing It"
1236:"Why does Florida's agriculture department handle concealed gun permits? The NRA wants it to"
1090:"NRA's Marion Hammer got illegal loans from nonprofit she runs, Unified Sportsmen of Florida"
3134:
2981:
2898:
2747:
2467:
2384:
2348:
2324:
2282:
2270:
2258:
1062:"Update: NRA affiliate's low-interest loans to Marion Hammer are drawing national attention"
1002:"Detail by Entity Name Florida Not For Profit Corporation UNIFIED SPORTSMEN OF FLORIDA, INC"
444:
369:
58:
1272:"Putnam blasts Times report, but acknowledges office's failure to review background checks"
526:. In 2020, Hammer was listed by Slate as one of its "Most Influential Americans Over 80."
402:
Hammer's influence was felt across the United States as Florida pro-gun laws, according to
3558:
3233:
3202:
3160:
2924:
2872:
2851:
2396:
2366:
2354:
2288:
2203:
1624:
1563:
1398:
1313:
1276:
1240:
1066:
760:
660:
558:, Hammer was allegedly involved in having a lawsuit against a skeet club dropped. In 2015
365:
349:
327:
317:
70:
1947:
Lisa Monroe says Eddie Eagle was never intended to be a substitute for safe storage laws.
2580:
2211:
3501:
3228:
3212:
3155:
2846:
2742:
2526:
2509:
2455:
2342:
2330:
2300:
460:
403:
373:
337:
241:
1646:"Florida Alert! Justice Pariente refuses to recuse herself and refuses to explain why"
3661:
3428:
3397:
3324:
3280:
3207:
3181:
3129:
3023:
2660:
2497:
2491:
2479:
2420:
2402:
2360:
1340:"In a post-Parkland Florida, there should be no room for the NRA to bully government"
571:
563:
434:
426:
422:
377:
105:
2950:
2757:
2726:
2691:
2485:
2461:
2426:
1710:
1344:
612:
185:
1913:"NRA Safety Cartoon Attacked: Gun-control Report Calls Eddie Eagle A Bird Of Prey"
364:
in 2005. It was the first to be passed in the United States. It was based on the
1027:
924:
3532:
3334:
3072:
2971:
2893:
2536:
2408:
1476:"2011 Florida Legislative Session Ends with Three Pro-Gun Bills Signed into Law"
1422:"Marion Hammer: The NRA Lobbyist Behind Florida's Stand Your Ground Legislation"
647:
in which Nikolas Cruz killed fourteen students and three staff members using an
502:
333:
322:
312:
154:
1179:"NRA Lobbyist Writes Florida's Gun Laws, can Ruin Careers of Those who Dissent"
2877:
2531:
1961:"MaKayla Dyer Lost Her Life Over a Puppy. Her Grieving Mother Lost to the NRA"
437:'s attack on NRA was "unwise"; he was just "stomping his feet for attention."
396:
392:
801:. Miami, Florida: News Service of Florida (WLRN). Public Radio and Television
534:
Hammer's grandson has a disability and she has lobbied so that children with
1982:
1245:
567:
407:
2039:"How a Powerful NRA Lobbyist Torpedoed an Environmental Lawsuit in Florida"
952:
Moral controversies in American politics: cases in social regulatory policy
218:
in her purse, aimed at the car. She claims they quickly reversed and left.
687:"NRA wants more gunslingers in the nation's bloodiest mass-shooting state"
2378:
535:
518:
Hammer was awarded with the Outstanding Community Service Award from the
361:
284:
139:
119:
289:
1678:"Recuse or Resign: NRA Lobbyist Marion Hammer Wants to Purge Pariente"
198:
The major catalyst that led her to become a pro-gun activist was the
1736:
608:
387:
During the first six months after taking office in January 2011 as
2561:
264:
1857:"Florida NRA-ILA Lobbyist Marion Hammer to Retire After 44 Years"
447:
to tell her to resign. Her letter included the November 30, 2017
157:
GunSafe, in 1988. NRA promotes this program as an alternative to
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
1364:
1362:
869:"Updated: Why can't we (Florida's gun community) all get along?"
3584:
3306:
3054:
2823:
2632:
2584:
2215:
799:"Q&A: An Interview With Florida Gun Lobbyist Marion Hammer"
581:
2076:
2074:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1265:
1263:
1470:
1468:
1026:
Smyth, Frank (March 31, 2020). "Nine. The Business Model".
459:
In December 2017, Hammer responded to the rejection by the
36:
55th President of the National Rifle Association of America
1533:"Pistol-Packing Grandma Helps NRA Push State Pro-Gun Laws"
1309:"NRA sway: For Florida officials, it's always Hammer time"
1229:
1227:
578:
Harassment following Stoneman Douglas High School shooting
1928:
1926:
1032:(First ed.). New York: Flatiron Books. p. 102.
170:
mass shooting at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School
2010:"Slate's List of the Most Influential Americans Over 80"
1863:. National Rifle Association of America. June 16, 2022.
202:, which was passed in response to the assassinations of
180:
Hammer grew up on a farm owned by her grandparents near
1764:"NRA Political Victory Fund: Making Endorsements Count"
1584:
1582:
1580:
1507:"The N.R.A. Lobbyist Behind Florida's Pro-Gun Policies"
1500:
1498:
1496:
2121:"Florida judge scraps part of NRA lobbyist email case"
2032:
2030:
1827:"Longtime NRA Florida lobbyist Marion Hammer retiring"
1172:
1170:
1168:
501:
Hammer began to develop the NRA program for children,
481:
Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act
2147:"NRA lobbyist files lawsuits over 'hate and vitriol'"
1444:
CS/CS/CS/HB 45: Regulation of Firearms and Ammunition
727:
The N.R.A. Lobbyist Behind Florida’s Pro-Gun Policies
1699:
1697:
1671:
1669:
1667:
3621:
3595:
3546:
3520:
3494:
3468:
3442:
3416:
3390:
3364:
3343:
3317:
3268:
3242:
3221:
3195:
3169:
3143:
3117:
3091:
3065:
3016:
2990:
2964:
2938:
2912:
2886:
2860:
2834:
2735:
2684:
2643:
2519:
2448:
2249:
862:
860:
841:"Leader as Hard as Nails Is Taking Reins at N.R.A."
111:
85:
80:
64:
52:
34:
23:
1210:"Marion Hammer Talks Florida's Biggest Gun Fights"
1111:Beth Reinhard; Tom Hamburger (September 6, 2019).
1790:"NRA Endorses Rick Scott for Governor in Florida"
1617:"Hammer: Mayor Gillum's attack on the NRA unwise"
1556:"Abuse of home rule necessitates preemption laws"
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
744:
742:
740:
738:
736:
1706:"Gun bills silenced in Florida Senate committee"
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
356:Hammer was "one of the chief architects" of the
1825:Romy Ellenbogen; Kirby Wilson (June 16, 2022).
903:"Thomas L. Washington, 58, Head of Rifle Group"
522:in 1993. In 2005, Hammer was inducted into the
954:(2 ed.). M. E. Sharpe. pp. 168–175.
2596:
2227:
950:Tatalovich, Raymond; Byron W. Daynes (1998).
8:
3683:Presidents of the National Rifle Association
1676:Kam, Dara; Turner, Jim (November 30, 2017).
1373:. Orlando Weekly via News Service of Florida
976:"What Exactly Does a Jackbooted Thug Wear?"
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
560:Southwest Florida Water Management District
257:She served as president from 1995 to 1998.
3592:
3581:
3314:
3303:
3062:
3051:
2831:
2820:
2640:
2629:
2603:
2589:
2581:
2234:
2220:
2212:
2175:
2089:, Case 4:18-cv-00329-RH-CAS, July 13, 2018
1060:Van Sickler, Michael (September 7, 2020).
654:On November 28, 2018, U.S. District Judge
611:. Please do not remove this message until
142:who was the first female president of the
20:
2622:Florida Commission on the Status of Women
1766:. National Rifle Association of America.
631:Learn how and when to remove this message
2125:Biz Journals via News Service of Florida
1123:from the original on September 7, 2019.
607:Relevant discussion may be found on the
368:. The controversy surrounding the trial
246:Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
1911:Bendavid, Naftali (November 20, 1997).
1811:Hammer, Marion P. (February 22, 2018),
1392:Taylor, Langston (September 21, 2018).
926:Ricochet: Confessions of a Gun Lobbyist
761:"NRA's Marion Hammer stands her ground"
717:
698:Kraus, Mary Ellen (February 23, 2018).
2179:National Rifle Association of America
1338:Santiago, Fabiola (December 7, 2018).
1307:Contorno, Steve (September 21, 2018).
1189:from the original on February 23, 2018
1100:from the original on November 9, 2019.
2243:National Rifle Association of America
2008:Olmstead, Molly (December 22, 2020).
1770:from the original on October 14, 2013
1088:Dan Christensen (September 6, 2019).
645:Stoneman Douglas High School shooting
360:that was signed into law by Governor
144:National Rifle Association of America
134:(born April 26, 1939) is an American
7:
1589:Comas, Martin E. (August 13, 2011).
771:from the original on April 17, 2012.
2119:Saunders, Jim (November 28, 2018).
1867:from the original on June 16, 2022.
1813:To USF & NRA Member and Friends
1554:Hammer, Marion (February 2, 2017).
2666:Wilhelmina Celeste Goehring Harvey
2449:CEOs and Executive Vice Presidents
1878:Dan Christensen (April 25, 2024).
1615:Hammer, Marion (January 9, 2017).
867:Williams, Lee (December 7, 2017).
797:Menzel, Margie (October 9, 2013).
476:tightening of mental health laws.
261:Unified Sportsmen of Florida (USF)
14:
1762:Cox, Chris W. (August 26, 2010).
1704:Turner, Jim (December 17, 2017).
1505:Spies, Mike (February 26, 2018).
1369:Turner, Jim (November 29, 2018).
1234:Mower, Lawrence (June 12, 2018).
1177:Price, Greg (February 23, 2018).
1029:The NRA: the Unauthorized History
16:American gun activist (born 1939)
2727:Julia DeForest Sturtevant Tuttle
2542:Institute for Legislative Action
1959:Spies, Mike (October 10, 2016).
1933:Spies, Mike (October 13, 2016).
1531:Bender, Michael (May 10, 2012).
1451:Florida House of Representatives
1270:Contorno, Steve (June 9, 2018).
1006:Florida Division of Corporations
685:Grimm, Fred (January 19, 2017).
643:Following the February 14, 2018
586:
222:National Rifle Association (NRA)
3629:Virginia M. Hernandez Covington
1420:Brown, Chris (March 22, 2012).
759:O'Neill, Ann (April 15, 2012).
730:, The New Yorker, March 5, 2018
554:According to a 2016 article in
372:, who fatally shot 17-year-old
164:In 2005, she was inducted into
2037:Spies, Mike (April 22, 2016).
1141:James Call (August 22, 2019).
839:Bragg, Rick (April 14, 1996).
1:
3693:Activists from South Carolina
3673:American gun rights activists
3403:Aleene Pridgen Kidd MacKenzie
2956:Ivy Julia Cromartie Stranahan
2156:. Tallahassee. Archived from
2145:Turner, Jim (July 13, 2018).
1792:. NRA-PVF. September 18, 2014
442:Florida Supreme Court Justice
425:who subsequently was sued by
161:(CAP) or safe storage laws.
3564:Mildred Wilborn Gildersleeve
2773:Elizabeth McCullough Johnson
2612:Florida Women's Hall of Fame
1987:Florida Women's Hall of Fame
1963:. The Gunfighters. The Trace
1937:. The Gunfighters. The Trace
524:Florida Women's Hall of Fame
166:Florida Women's Hall of Fame
3008:Christine Fulwylie-Bankston
2868:Betty Skelton Frankman Erde
2557:Great American Outdoor Show
2154:via News Service of Florida
1424:. Media Matters for America
613:conditions to do so are met
431:Second Amendment Foundation
309:Florida Department of State
159:Child access prevention law
146:(NRA), from 1995 to 1998.
3709:
3512:Katherine Fernandez Rundle
3083:Marianne Mathewson-Chapman
2337:Littleton W. T. Waller Jr.
470:political action committee
466:NRA Political Victory Fund
3591:
3580:
3460:Charlotte Edwards Maguire
3313:
3302:
3286:Betty Schlesinger Sembler
3061:
3050:
2830:
2819:
2639:
2628:
2618:
2200:
2191:
2183:
2178:
929:. John Wiley & Sons.
923:Feldman, Richard (2011).
125:
76:
41:
30:
3528:Adela Hernandez Gonzmart
3507:Kathleen Scott Robertson
3029:Sister Jeanne O'Laughlin
2920:Evelyn Stocking Crosslin
2793:Florence Barbara Seibert
2788:Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings
2763:Marjory Stoneman Douglas
2552:National Firearms Museum
1623:. Tallahassee, Florida:
1562:. Tallahassee, Florida:
182:Columbia, South Carolina
102:Columbia, South Carolina
3434:Dottie Berger MacKinnon
3135:Frances Langford Stuart
2783:Arva Moore Parks McCabe
2753:Gwendolyn Sawyer Cherry
2702:Lena B. Smithers Hughes
2697:Barbara Landstreet Frye
1716:Broward County, Florida
1130:(subscription required)
520:National Safety Council
200:Gun Control Act of 1968
3678:Activists from Florida
3104:Lenore Carrero Nesbitt
2778:Frances Bartlett Kinne
2722:Gladys Pumariega Soler
2547:Political Victory Fund
2373:Howard Wallace Pollock
2277:Winfield Scott Hancock
1861:americas1stfreedom.org
899:Robert McG. Thomas Jr.
382:Marion County, Florida
270:
236:his tenure, President
208:Martin Luther King Jr.
3476:Carol Jenkins Barnett
3377:Elizabeth "Budd" Bell
3034:Dessie Smith Prescott
2904:Gladys Nichols Milton
2265:William Conant Church
1212:. Sunshine State News
549:Oklahoma City bombing
358:Stand-your-ground law
268:
3330:Claudine Dianne Ryce
3078:Paula Fickes Hawkins
2977:Carita Doggett Corse
2946:Marjorie Harris Carr
2712:Sybil Collins Mobley
2620:Administered by the
2568:The Price of Freedom
2474:Floyd Lavinius Parks
2194:President of the NRA
2187:Thomas L. Washington
1621:Tallahassee Democrat
1560:Tallahassee Democrat
1153:on November 25, 2020
1147:Tallahassee Democrat
901:(December 6, 1995).
449:News Service Florida
3538:Lee Bird Leavengood
3481:Helen Aguirre Ferré
3429:Louise Jones Gopher
3260:Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
3250:Barbara J. Pariente
3229:Maryly VanLeer Peck
2925:JoAnn Hardin Morgan
2692:Roxcy O'Neal Bolton
2651:Mary McLeod Bethune
2295:George Wood Wingate
2059:. February 11, 2016
1652:. November 30, 2017
1117:The Washington Post
1096:. Florida Bulldog.
673:Gun laws in Florida
600:of this section is
507:Eddie Eagle GunSafe
497:Eddie Eagle GunSafe
452:interview with the
389:Governor of Florida
294:gun laws in Florida
210:in April 1968, and
3603:Alice Scott Abbott
3486:Elmira Louise Leto
3455:Evelyn Cahn Keiser
3408:Lillie Pierce Voss
3382:Vicki Bryant Burke
3276:Louise H. Cortelis
3177:Shirley D. Coletti
3125:Victoria Joyce Ely
3099:Jessie Ball duPont
3003:Mattie Belle Davis
2998:Helen Gordon Davis
2930:Sarah Brooks Pryor
2842:Jacqueline Cochran
2803:Eartha M. M. White
2707:Zora Neale Hurston
2433:Carolyn D. Meadows
2415:James W. Porter II
2309:(1921–25; 1925–26)
2307:Smith W. Brookhart
2083:Hammer v. Sorensen
1208:Nielsen, Allison.
1094:floridabulldog.com
980:The New York Times
844:The New York Times
271:
251:The New York Times
3655:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3576:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3372:Ruth H. Alexander
3356:Anna I. Rodriguez
3351:Mary Brennan Karl
3335:Dara Grace Torres
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3151:Sarah Ann Blocker
3046:
3045:
3042:
3041:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2676:Barbara Jo Palmer
2656:Helene S. Coleman
2578:
2577:
2504:J. Warren Cassidy
2439:Charles L. Cotton
2319:Patrick J. Hurley
2313:Francis E. Warren
2210:
2209:
2201:Succeeded by
1892:on April 25, 2024
1280:. Sun City Center
1039:978-1-250-21029-6
961:978-1-56324-994-5
936:978-1-118-13100-8
649:AR-15 style rifle
641:
640:
633:
433:. She said Mayor
420:Tallahassee Mayor
282:In an article in
238:George H. W. Bush
151:Stand your ground
129:
128:
3700:
3634:Barbara Nicklaus
3613:E. Thelma Waters
3593:
3582:
3554:Doris Mae Barnes
3450:Mary Lee Farrior
3315:
3304:
3063:
3052:
2982:M. Athalie Range
2899:Betty Mae Jumper
2832:
2821:
2798:Marilyn K. Smith
2768:Elsie Jones Hare
2748:Rosemary Barkett
2671:Paula Mae Milton
2641:
2630:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2582:
2468:Merritt A. Edson
2385:Robert K. Corbin
2349:Merritt A. Edson
2325:Benedict Crowell
2283:Ulysses S. Grant
2271:Alexander Shaler
2259:Ambrose Burnside
2236:
2229:
2222:
2213:
2184:Preceded by
2176:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2160:on July 14, 2018
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1888:. Archived from
1875:
1869:
1868:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1837:on June 16, 2022
1833:. Archived from
1822:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1701:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1684:
1673:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1612:
1606:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:Orlando Sentinel
1586:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1535:. Bloomberg News
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1472:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1448:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1304:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1267:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1174:
1163:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1149:. Archived from
1138:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1023:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1012:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
972:
966:
965:
947:
941:
940:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
895:
889:
888:
882:
880:
875:. Gunshine State
864:
855:
854:
852:
850:
836:
811:
810:
808:
806:
794:
773:
772:
756:
731:
722:
707:
694:
636:
629:
625:
622:
616:
590:
589:
582:
445:Barbara Pariente
412:Second Amendment
370:George Zimmerman
132:Marion P. Hammer
99:
95:
93:
81:Personal details
67:
59:Robert K. Corbin
55:
46:
25:Marion P. Hammer
21:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3643:
3617:
3587:
3568:
3559:Judith A. Bense
3542:
3516:
3490:
3464:
3438:
3412:
3386:
3360:
3339:
3309:
3290:
3264:
3238:
3234:Peggy A. Quince
3217:
3203:Caridad Asensio
3191:
3165:
3161:Mary R. Grizzle
3139:
3113:
3087:
3057:
3038:
3012:
2986:
2960:
2934:
2908:
2882:
2873:Paulina Pedroso
2856:
2852:Ruth Bryan Owen
2826:
2807:
2731:
2680:
2635:
2624:
2614:
2609:
2579:
2574:
2515:
2444:
2435:(2018; 2019–21)
2397:Charlton Heston
2367:Lloyd M. Mustin
2355:Morton C. Mumma
2289:Philip Sheridan
2245:
2240:
2206:
2204:Charlton Heston
2197:
2189:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2092:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2036:
2035:
2028:
2018:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1940:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1917:Chicago Tribune
1910:
1909:
1905:
1895:
1893:
1885:Florida Bulldog
1877:
1876:
1872:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1840:
1838:
1831:Tampa Bay Times
1824:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1795:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1718:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1665:
1655:
1653:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1625:Gannett Company
1614:
1613:
1609:
1599:
1597:
1588:
1587:
1578:
1568:
1566:
1564:Gannett Company
1553:
1552:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1483:
1482:, June 30, 2011
1474:
1473:
1466:
1456:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1399:Tampa Bay Times
1391:
1390:
1386:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1319:
1317:
1314:Tampa Bay Times
1306:
1305:
1296:
1283:
1281:
1277:Tampa Bay Times
1269:
1268:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1241:Tampa Bay Times
1233:
1232:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1176:
1175:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1129:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1067:Tampa Bay Times
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
1008:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
974:
973:
969:
962:
949:
948:
944:
937:
922:
921:
917:
907:
905:
897:
896:
892:
878:
876:
866:
865:
858:
848:
846:
838:
837:
814:
804:
802:
796:
795:
776:
758:
757:
734:
723:
719:
714:
704:Tampa Bay Times
697:
684:
681:
669:
661:First Amendment
637:
626:
620:
617:
606:
591:
587:
580:
545:
532:
516:
499:
366:Castle Doctrine
350:Tampa Bay Times
328:Tampa Bay Times
318:Tampa Bay Times
303:(CCW) permits.
301:concealed-carry
280:
263:
233:
224:
204:John F. Kennedy
178:
100:
97:
91:
89:
71:Charlton Heston
65:
53:
47:
42:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3639:Beverly Yeager
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3597:
3589:
3588:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3550:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3502:Mary Lou Baker
3498:
3496:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3321:
3319:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3213:Lucy W. Morgan
3210:
3205:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:Gloria Estefan
3153:
3147:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3069:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3055:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2847:Carrie P. Meek
2844:
2838:
2836:
2828:
2827:
2824:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2743:Annie Ackerman
2739:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2637:
2636:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2585:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2572:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:NRA Foundation
2523:
2521:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2510:Wayne LaPierre
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2456:Milton Reckord
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2346:
2343:Emmett Swanson
2340:
2334:
2331:Karl Frederick
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2301:William Libbey
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2199:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2152:Herald Tribune
2137:
2104:
2070:
2048:
2026:
2014:Slate Magazine
2000:
1974:
1951:
1922:
1903:
1870:
1848:
1817:
1803:
1781:
1754:
1728:
1693:
1663:
1637:
1607:
1576:
1546:
1523:
1511:The New Yorker
1492:
1464:
1435:
1412:
1384:
1358:
1330:
1294:
1259:
1223:
1200:
1164:
1133:
1103:
1080:
1052:
1038:
1018:
993:
982:. July 5, 1995
967:
960:
942:
935:
915:
890:
873:The Gun Writer
856:
812:
774:
732:
716:
715:
713:
710:
709:
708:
695:
680:
679:External links
677:
676:
675:
668:
665:
639:
638:
594:
592:
585:
579:
576:
544:
541:
531:
528:
515:
512:
498:
495:
461:Florida Senate
404:Bloomberg News
374:Trayvon Martin
342:Orlando Weekly
338:Jimmy Patronis
279:
276:
262:
259:
242:Wayne LaPierre
232:
229:
223:
220:
177:
174:
127:
126:
123:
122:
113:
109:
108:
96:April 26, 1939
87:
83:
82:
78:
77:
74:
73:
68:
62:
61:
56:
50:
49:
39:
38:
32:
31:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3705:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3668:Living people
3666:
3665:
3663:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3545:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Clara C. Frye
3396:
3395:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Eugenie Clark
3323:
3322:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3301:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Gwen Margolis
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3255:Pallavi Patel
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3208:Tillie Fowler
3206:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3188:
3187:Marion Hammer
3185:
3183:
3182:Judith Kersey
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3142:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3130:Toni Jennings
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3049:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Althea Gibson
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2661:Elaine Gordon
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2498:G. Ray Arnett
2496:
2493:
2492:Harlon Carter
2490:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2480:Franklin Orth
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:Pete Brownell
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2403:Sandra Froman
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2391:Marion Hammer
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2361:Harlon Carter
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2177:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2138:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2015:
2011:
2004:
2001:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1955:
1952:
1948:
1936:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1904:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1769:
1765:
1758:
1755:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1729:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1679:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1664:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1611:
1608:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1577:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1497:
1493:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1452:
1445:
1439:
1436:
1423:
1416:
1413:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1019:
1007:
1003:
997:
994:
981:
977:
971:
968:
963:
957:
953:
946:
943:
938:
932:
928:
927:
919:
916:
904:
900:
894:
891:
887:
874:
870:
863:
861:
857:
845:
842:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
813:
800:
793:
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
755:
753:
751:
749:
747:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
733:
729:
728:
724:Spies, Mike,
721:
718:
711:
705:
701:
696:
692:
688:
683:
682:
678:
674:
671:
670:
666:
664:
662:
657:
656:Robert Hinkle
652:
650:
646:
635:
632:
624:
614:
610:
604:
603:
599:
593:
584:
583:
577:
575:
573:
572:Ben Albritton
569:
565:
564:Sawgrass Lake
561:
557:
552:
550:
542:
540:
537:
530:Personal life
529:
527:
525:
521:
513:
511:
508:
504:
496:
494:
490:
486:
485:
482:
477:
473:
471:
467:
462:
457:
455:
450:
446:
443:
438:
436:
435:Andrew Gillum
432:
428:
427:Florida Carry
424:
423:Andrew Gillum
421:
415:
413:
409:
406:, became the
405:
400:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
378:Dennis Baxley
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
354:
352:
351:
345:
343:
339:
335:
330:
329:
324:
320:
319:
314:
310:
304:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
286:
277:
275:
267:
260:
258:
255:
253:
252:
247:
243:
239:
231:NRA President
230:
228:
221:
219:
215:
213:
212:Bobby Kennedy
209:
205:
201:
196:
193:
191:
187:
183:
175:
173:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
152:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
98:(age 85)
88:
84:
79:
75:
72:
69:
63:
60:
57:
51:
45:
40:
37:
33:
29:
22:
19:
3608:Alma Lee Loy
3424:Susan Benton
3186:
3109:Lynda Keever
2951:Betty Castor
2758:Dorothy Dodd
2566:
2486:Maxwell Rich
2462:C. B. Lister
2441:(since 2021)
2427:Oliver North
2390:
2192:
2164:December 13,
2162:. Retrieved
2158:the original
2150:
2140:
2130:December 13,
2128:. Retrieved
2124:
2098:
2093:December 13,
2091:, retrieved
2082:
2063:February 25,
2061:. Retrieved
2051:
2042:
2017:. Retrieved
2013:
2003:
1993:February 25,
1991:. Retrieved
1986:
1977:
1967:February 20,
1965:. Retrieved
1954:
1946:
1941:February 20,
1939:. Retrieved
1916:
1906:
1894:. Retrieved
1890:the original
1883:
1873:
1860:
1851:
1839:. Retrieved
1835:the original
1830:
1820:
1812:
1806:
1796:February 22,
1794:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:February 21,
1772:. Retrieved
1757:
1747:February 21,
1745:. Retrieved
1740:
1731:
1721:February 25,
1719:. Retrieved
1711:Sun-Sentinel
1709:
1688:
1683:February 26,
1681:. Retrieved
1656:February 26,
1654:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1630:February 25,
1628:. Retrieved
1620:
1610:
1600:February 25,
1598:. Retrieved
1594:
1569:February 25,
1567:. Retrieved
1559:
1549:
1537:. Retrieved
1526:
1516:February 26,
1514:. Retrieved
1510:
1486:February 25,
1484:, retrieved
1479:
1457:February 25,
1455:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1415:
1405:December 13,
1403:. Retrieved
1397:
1387:
1377:December 13,
1375:. Retrieved
1351:December 13,
1349:. Retrieved
1345:Miami Herald
1343:
1333:
1325:
1320:December 13,
1318:. Retrieved
1312:
1289:
1284:December 13,
1282:. Retrieved
1275:
1252:December 13,
1250:. Retrieved
1239:
1214:. Retrieved
1203:
1193:February 25,
1191:. Retrieved
1182:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:the original
1146:
1136:
1124:
1116:
1106:
1093:
1083:
1071:. Retrieved
1065:
1055:
1043:. Retrieved
1028:
1021:
1009:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
986:February 25,
984:. Retrieved
979:
970:
951:
945:
925:
918:
908:February 25,
906:. Retrieved
893:
884:
879:February 25,
877:. Retrieved
872:
849:February 25,
847:. Retrieved
843:
805:February 25,
803:. Retrieved
764:
725:
720:
703:
691:Miami Herald
690:
653:
642:
627:
618:
596:
555:
553:
546:
533:
517:
500:
491:
487:
478:
474:
458:
454:News Service
453:
448:
439:
416:
401:
386:
355:
348:
346:
341:
326:
316:
305:
298:
283:
281:
278:NRA lobbyist
272:
256:
249:
244:calling the
234:
225:
216:
197:
194:
188:and died in
186:World War II
179:
163:
148:
136:gun advocate
131:
130:
116:Gun advocate
66:Succeeded by
43:
18:
3688:1939 births
3533:Janet Petro
3073:Chris Evert
2972:Alicia Baro
2894:Nikki Beare
2537:Eddie Eagle
2512:(1991–2024)
2409:David Keene
2399:(1998–2003)
2297:(1886–1900)
1983:"Inductees"
1045:December 4,
503:Eddie Eagle
468:(the NRA's
334:Nikki Fried
323:Adam Putnam
313:Tallahassee
155:Eddie Eagle
54:Preceded by
3662:Categories
2878:Janet Reno
2717:Helen Muir
2532:Camp Perry
2251:Presidents
2198:1995–1998
2019:January 4,
1841:August 15,
1157:August 15,
886:affiliate.
712:References
598:neutrality
397:Matt Gaetz
393:Rick Scott
176:Early life
112:Occupation
92:1939-04-26
2506:(1986–91)
2500:(1985–86)
2494:(1977–85)
2488:(1970–77)
2482:(1959–70)
2476:(1956–59)
2470:(1951–55)
2464:(1949–51)
2458:(1926–49)
2429:(2018–19)
2423:(2017–18)
2417:(2013–15)
2411:(2011–13)
2405:(2005–07)
2393:(1995–98)
2387:(1992–93)
2381:(1988–90)
2375:(1983–85)
2369:(1977–78)
2363:(1965–67)
2351:(1949–50)
2345:(1948–49)
2327:(1930–31)
2303:(1916–21)
2285:(1883–84)
2273:(1875–77)
2267:(1872–75)
2261:(1871–72)
1248:, Florida
1246:Tampa Bay
1073:August 7,
1011:August 7,
609:talk page
568:Pam Bondi
206:in 1963,
48:1995–1998
44:In office
2520:See also
2379:Joe Foss
2043:Newsweek
1896:June 18,
1865:Archived
1768:Archived
1539:July 27,
1428:July 27,
1216:July 27,
1187:Archived
1183:Newsweek
1126:filings.
1121:Archived
1098:Archived
769:Archived
667:See also
621:May 2022
602:disputed
556:Newsweek
536:dyslexia
429:and the
362:Jeb Bush
285:Newsweek
269:USF logo
140:lobbyist
120:lobbyist
1737:"About"
1650:NRA-ILA
1480:NRA-ILA
543:Critics
290:Florida
190:Okinawa
2571:(2021)
2357:(1955)
2339:(1939)
2333:(1934)
2321:(1929)
2315:(1925)
2291:(1885)
2279:(1881)
1453:. 2011
1036:
958:
933:
514:Awards
3586:2020s
3308:2010s
3056:2000s
2825:1990s
2634:1980s
2562:NRATV
2087:(PDF)
1447:(PDF)
408:model
3622:2021
3596:2020
3547:2019
3521:2018
3495:2017
3469:2016
3443:2015
3417:2014
3391:2013
3365:2012
3344:2011
3318:2010
3269:2009
3243:2008
3222:2007
3196:2006
3170:2005
3144:2003
3118:2002
3092:2001
3066:2000
3017:1999
2991:1998
2965:1997
2939:1996
2913:1995
2887:1994
2861:1993
2835:1992
2736:1986
2685:1984
2644:1982
2166:2018
2132:2018
2095:2018
2065:2016
2021:2021
1995:2018
1989:. nd
1969:2018
1943:2018
1898:2024
1843:2023
1798:2018
1776:2018
1749:2018
1743:. nd
1723:2018
1685:2018
1658:2018
1632:2018
1602:2018
1571:2018
1541:2016
1518:2018
1488:2018
1459:2018
1430:2016
1407:2018
1379:2018
1353:2018
1322:2018
1286:2018
1254:2018
1218:2016
1195:2018
1159:2023
1075:2020
1047:2020
1034:ISBN
1013:2020
988:2018
956:ISBN
931:ISBN
910:2018
881:2018
851:2018
807:2018
595:The
138:and
106:U.S.
86:Born
1741:NRA
765:CNN
311:in
3664::
2149:.
2123:.
2107:^
2097:,
2073:^
2041:.
2029:^
2012:.
1985:.
1971:.
1945:.
1925:^
1915:.
1882:.
1859:.
1829:.
1739:.
1714:.
1708:.
1696:^
1687:.
1666:^
1648:.
1619:.
1593:.
1579:^
1558:.
1509:.
1495:^
1478:,
1467:^
1449:.
1396:.
1361:^
1342:.
1324:.
1311:.
1297:^
1288:.
1274:.
1262:^
1244:.
1238:.
1226:^
1185:.
1181:.
1167:^
1145:.
1119:.
1115:.
1092:.
1064:.
1004:.
978:.
883:.
871:.
859:^
815:^
777:^
767:.
763:.
735:^
702:.
689:.
391:,
192:.
118:,
104:,
94:)
2604:e
2597:t
2590:v
2235:e
2228:t
2221:v
2168:.
2134:.
2067:.
2045:.
2023:.
1997:.
1919:.
1900:.
1845:.
1800:.
1778:.
1751:.
1725:.
1660:.
1634:.
1604:.
1573:.
1543:.
1520:.
1461:.
1432:.
1409:.
1381:.
1355:.
1256:.
1220:.
1197:.
1161:.
1077:.
1049:.
1015:.
990:.
964:.
939:.
912:.
853:.
809:.
706:.
693:.
634:)
628:(
623:)
619:(
615:.
605:.
90:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
