332:, the Kikuyu writer. Warigia and other Tumutumu women formed an organization called the "Shield of Young Girls" to protect girls from FGM. The group wrote: "People are being caught like sheep. One should be allowed to follow her own way of either agreeing to be circumcised or not without being dictated on one's own body."
324:
can also mean "the thin animal" or "the thin one". According to the historian Derek R. Peterson, this reflected local suspicion about
Stevenson's diet; rumour had it that she and the other missionaries ate human flesh and used human skulls as drinking cups. Stevenson was thought to have eaten Chief
316:
Her houseboy might have been involved in the inquiry, but she refused to give evidence or to implicate anyone. This boy, who is now one of the ordained ministers, says that she called him "son". It was the turning point of his life. From the incident of the cheque-book came her native name
213:
According to theologian James
Karanja, citing a Church of Scotland memorandum, in 1929 Stevenson coined the term "sexual mutilation of women" to describe what was then known as female circumcision, a practice of great importance to the Kikuyu people, Kenya's largest tribe. The
41:
990:
429:
292:
In 1892 and 1906 Stevenson attended lectures by
Clement Scott on missionary work in Africa; Scott was related to Stevenson's father's first wife. Stevenson subsequently applied, in 1907, for a job in Kikuyu with the Church of Scotland Mission.
272:
266:
995:
1139:
1010:
426:
1134:
761:
312:. Stevenson acquired the name, Scott wrote in 1932, when her chequebook was stolen and she refused to give evidence against the suspected thief, who had worked in her home. According to Scott:
975:
250:
110:
985:
1625:
1193:
1615:
1437:
1160:
657:
534:
791:
234:, Scotland, to Agnes Barron and her husband, Robert Stevenson. Her older brother, William Barron Stevenson, became Professor of Hebrew and Semitic Languages at the
796:
803:
1620:
1610:
1186:
1124:
218:
followed suit and began referring to it that year as sexual mutilation, rather than as circumcision or initiation. The practice is now widely known as
781:
746:
771:
751:
741:
650:
1630:
1179:
766:
1527:
1447:
215:
1512:
776:
1457:
1155:
1129:
786:
756:
643:
1274:
1635:
1472:
531:
1314:
308:, which her biographer, I. G. Scott, interpreted as "one who possesses many cheques" or "the one who lost a cheque-book" in the
1579:
366:
1219:
414:
1522:
1349:
1054:
284:
242:
102:
562:
1324:
1289:
715:
210:, taught sewing, knitting and hygiene, worked in the hospital, trained teachers, and helped to translate the Bible.
1558:
1517:
1492:
1487:
1334:
1304:
828:
1497:
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878:
666:
219:
152:
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1046:
203:
184:
1414:
1389:
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451:
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1005:
1442:
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725:
235:
1605:
1600:
1553:
1507:
1467:
1089:
720:
329:
1294:
1038:
858:
249:
because she was a woman (they first admitted women in 1893), she went to lectures organized by the
1364:
448:
The
Agikuyu, the Bible and Colonial Constructs: Towards an Ordinary African Readers' Hermeneutics
207:
180:
141:
388:
1532:
1482:
1462:
1409:
1374:
1309:
949:
853:
597:
476:
493:
1284:
1097:
873:
868:
991:
Inter-African
Committee on Traditional Practices Affecting the Health of Women and Children
1359:
1344:
1264:
929:
919:
695:
538:
505:
For background on the
Scottish missionaries and FGM in Kenya, see Mufuka, Kenneth (2003).
468:
455:
433:
309:
1502:
1419:
1269:
1234:
944:
914:
848:
700:
680:
594:
Ethnic
Patriotism and the East African Revival: A History of Dissent, c. 1935–1972
506:
40:
17:
1594:
1399:
1119:
1062:
954:
898:
843:
195:
1404:
1384:
1369:
1249:
1214:
980:
959:
939:
893:
888:
833:
705:
685:
344:
490:
The
Missionary Movement in Colonial Kenya: The Foundation of Africa Inland Church
374:
1329:
1239:
1171:
1081:
934:
924:
863:
690:
123:
838:
635:
300:, "the one with much saliva who speaks a great deal". She was also known as
507:"Scottish Missionaries and the Circumcision Controversy in Kenya, 1900–1960
245:
and the
Ministers' Daughters College in Edinburgh. Unable to study at the
199:
65:
79:
1000:
710:
231:
61:
1140:
Children Act 1989 (Amendment) (Female
Genital Mutilation) Act 2019
198:
mission at Thogoto, then from 1912 for its mission at Tumutumu in
188:
446:
367:"Scotland Births and Baptisms, 1564–1950: Marion Scott Stevenson"
1175:
639:
602:, citing Scott, I. G. (written as Mrs. Henry E. Scott) (1932).
206:
in 1908. She established and ran a girls' school, which became
630:, Volume 53, Princeton: Princeton Press, 1930, p. 562.
251:
Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women
111:
Edinburgh Association for the University Education of Women
976:
Babiker Bedri Scientific Association for Women's Studies
573:
571:
549:
547:
179:(18 May 1871–1930) was a Scottish missionary with the
1567:
1546:
1428:
1207:
1148:
1112:
1073:
1030:
1023:
968:
907:
819:
812:
734:
673:
587:
585:
583:
393:, University of Edinburgh, p. 208, n. 29.
166:
158:
147:
137:
129:
119:
95:
87:
72:
47:
31:
604:A Saint in Kenya: A Life of Marion Scott Stevenson
596:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p.
415:"Tumutumu mission station, Kenya, ca. 1910–1930"
325:Kariuki, who died in Tumutumu Hospital in 1915.
532:"Material relating to William Barron Stevenson"
328:Stevenson taught Raheli Warigia, the mother of
317:Namazchecki, or One-who-possesses-many-cheques.
314:
264:
253:, then studied music and languages in Germany.
606:. London: Hodder & Stoughton, p. 125.
473:Historical Dictionary of the Reformed Churches
361:
359:
1187:
651:
492:, Göttingen: Cuvillier Verlag, 2009, p.
8:
1626:People educated at John Watson's Institution
1616:Activists against female genital mutilation
1161:Activists against female genital mutilation
1125:Prohibition of Female Circumcision Act 1985
194:Stevenson worked at first for the church's
1194:
1180:
1172:
1027:
816:
658:
644:
636:
563:"Teaching staff, Tumutumu, Kenya, ca.1920"
39:
28:
628:Missionary Review of the World: 1878–1939
615:
511:International Review of Scottish Studies
402:For 1912, McIntosh 1969, p. 241, n. 120.
390:The Scottish Mission in Kenya, 1891–1923
270:with teachers and students, c. 1920
355:
107:Ministers' Daughters College, Edinburgh
410:
408:
1448:Australian Baptist Missionary Society
202:, set up by Rev. Henry Scott and Dr.
7:
1513:Paris Evangelical Missionary Society
565:, University of Southern California.
436:, University of St Andrews archives.
417:, University of Southern California.
475:. Lanham: Scarecrow Press, p.
335:Stevenson died in Glasgow in 1930.
1621:Scottish Presbyterian missionaries
1611:Presbyterian missionaries in Kenya
1130:Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
458:. University of Birmingham, p. 10.
170:William Barron Stevenson (brother)
25:
1473:Christian and Missionary Alliance
296:In Kenya locals called Stevenson
162:Agnes Barron and Robert Stevenson
445:Kinyua, Johnson Kiriaku (2010).
427:"Letter from Marion S Stevenson"
387:McIntosh, Brian G. (June 1969).
1580:Timeline of Christian missions
577:McIntosh 1969, p. 243, n. 125.
553:McIntosh 1969, p. 245, n. 127.
273:One of the mission's buildings
1:
1631:Female Christian missionaries
1202:Protestant missions to Africa
522:McIntosh 1969, p. 201, n. 14.
1350:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
1055:Possessing the Secret of Joy
285:National Library of Scotland
1290:Franz Heinrich Kleinschmidt
716:Pelvic inflammatory disease
592:Peterson, Derek R. (2012).
208:Tumutumu Girls' High School
1652:
1559:Slavery Abolition Act 1833
1518:Rhenish Missionary Society
1493:Livingstone Inland Mission
1488:Finnish Missionary Society
1305:Christian Ignatius Latrobe
829:Raqiya Haji Dualeh Abdalla
181:Church of Scotland Mission
1498:London Missionary Society
1453:Berlin Missionary Society
1156:Female genital mutilation
879:Lilian Passmore Sanderson
667:Female genital mutilation
243:John Watson's Institution
220:female genital mutilation
153:female genital mutilation
103:John Watson's Institution
38:
1636:British health activists
1538:Wycliffe Global Alliance
1320:Alexander Murdoch Mackay
1255:Daniel Kumler Flickinger
541:, University of Glasgow.
216:Kenya Missionary Council
191:) from 1907 until 1929.
1390:John McKendree Springer
1225:Frederick Stanley Arnot
1047:Woman, Why Do You Weep?
488:Karanja, James (2009).
432:2 February 2017 at the
247:University of Edinburgh
1575:Christianity in Africa
1478:Church Mission Society
1395:Marion Scott Stevenson
1380:William Henry Sheppard
1300:Margaret Nicholl Laird
1006:Tahirih Justice Center
884:Marion Scott Stevenson
804:Religious views on FGM
319:
279:
277:possibly its hospital
230:Stevenson was born in
177:Marion Scott Stevenson
33:Marion Scott Stevenson
18:Marion Scott Stevenson
1443:Africa Inland Mission
1280:Joseph Crane Hartzell
1260:Joseph Jackson Fuller
742:Prevalence by country
726:Vesicovaginal fistula
236:University of Glasgow
1554:Slave Trade Act 1807
1508:Mission to the World
1468:Congo-Balolo Mission
721:Rectovaginal fistula
537:3 March 2016 at the
454:4 April 2018 at the
1295:Johann Ludwig Krapf
1135:2005 (Scotland) Act
1039:Woman at Point Zero
859:Rose Oldfield Hayes
467:Benedetto, Robert;
185:British East Africa
1365:Orishatukeh Faduma
1011:Zero Tolerance Day
142:Church of Scotland
1588:
1587:
1533:WEC International
1483:Echoes of Service
1463:BMS World Mission
1410:John Denys Taylor
1375:Heinrich Schmelen
1310:David Livingstone
1275:Joseph Hardcastle
1169:
1168:
1120:Matter of Kasinga
1108:
1107:
1019:
1018:
950:Layli Miller-Muro
752:FGM in the Gambia
513:, 28, p. 55.
330:Gakaara wa Wanjaũ
174:
173:
130:Years active
16:(Redirected from
1643:
1315:Mary Livingstone
1285:Johannes Ittmann
1220:William Anderson
1196:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1098:My Body My Rules
1028:
874:Nawal El Saadawi
869:Edna Adan Ismail
817:
660:
653:
646:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
589:
578:
575:
566:
560:
554:
551:
542:
529:
523:
520:
514:
503:
497:
486:
480:
469:McKim, Donald K.
465:
459:
443:
437:
424:
418:
412:
403:
400:
394:
385:
379:
378:
377:on 4 March 2016.
373:. Archived from
363:
288:
267:Marion Stevenson
262:Tumutumu mission
57:
55:
43:
29:
21:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1563:
1542:
1430:
1424:
1360:Martti Rautanen
1345:Helen Roseveare
1265:George Grenfell
1203:
1200:
1170:
1165:
1144:
1104:
1069:
1015:
964:
930:Ellen Gruenbaum
920:Ayaan Hirsi Ali
903:
821:
808:
747:Laws by country
730:
696:Gishiri cutting
669:
664:
634:
626:
622:
614:
610:
591:
590:
581:
576:
569:
561:
557:
552:
545:
539:Wayback Machine
530:
526:
521:
517:
504:
500:
487:
483:
466:
462:
456:Wayback Machine
444:
440:
434:Wayback Machine
425:
421:
413:
406:
401:
397:
386:
382:
365:
364:
357:
353:
341:
310:Kikuyu language
290:
281:
276:
271:
269:
263:
259:
257:Missionary work
228:
115:
83:
77:
68:
59:
53:
51:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1649:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1593:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1547:Pivotal events
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1503:Mission Africa
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Bethel Mission
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1438:American Board
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1420:Gottlieb Viehe
1417:
1415:William Taylor
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1325:Joseph Merrick
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1270:Carl Hugo Hahn
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Carl K. Becker
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1176:
1167:
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983:
978:
972:
970:
966:
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963:
962:
957:
952:
947:
945:Molly Melching
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
915:Fuambai Ahmadu
911:
909:
905:
904:
902:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
854:Benoîte Groult
851:
849:Asma El Dareer
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
814:
813:Writers/groups
810:
809:
807:
806:
801:
800:
799:
794:
792:United Kingdom
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:colonial Kenya
759:
754:
744:
738:
736:
732:
731:
729:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
701:Husband stitch
698:
693:
688:
683:
681:Clitoridectomy
677:
675:
671:
670:
665:
663:
662:
655:
648:
640:
633:
632:
620:
618:, p. 217.
608:
579:
567:
555:
543:
524:
515:
498:
496:, n. 631.
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151:Opposition to
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148:Known for
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1433:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Charles Studd
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
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1371:
1368:
1366:
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1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1340:Andrew Murray
1338:
1336:
1335:Robert Moffat
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
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1185:
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1177:
1174:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
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1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:Desert Flower
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1063:Desert Flower
1060:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
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1009:
1007:
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1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
971:
967:
961:
958:
956:
955:Comfort Momoh
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
912:
910:
906:
900:
899:Amina Warsame
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
844:Efua Dorkenoo
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
822:and activists
820:Early writers
818:
815:
811:
805:
802:
798:
797:United States
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
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773:
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763:
760:
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749:
748:
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743:
740:
739:
737:
733:
727:
724:
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719:
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714:
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709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
678:
676:
674:Health issues
672:
668:
661:
656:
654:
649:
647:
642:
641:
638:
629:
624:
621:
617:
616:Peterson 2012
612:
609:
605:
599:
595:
588:
586:
584:
580:
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568:
564:
559:
556:
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533:
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525:
519:
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508:
502:
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491:
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482:
478:
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449:
442:
439:
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1405:Hulda Stumpf
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1370:Alfred Saker
1250:Daniel Coker
1245:Joseph Booth
1215:Roland Allen
1096:
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981:Equality Now
960:Alice Walker
940:Gerry Mackie
894:Nahid Toubia
889:Hulda Stumpf
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834:Janice Boddy
782:Sierra Leone
711:Keloid scars
706:Infibulation
686:Dysmenorrhea
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1601:1871 births
1355:John Philip
1330:Mary Moffat
1240:Samuel Bill
1230:John Arthur
1113:Legislation
935:Asha Ismail
925:Waris Dirie
864:Fran Hosken
772:New Zealand
691:Dyspareunia
204:John Arthur
88:Nationality
58:18 May 1871
1595:Categories
1429:Missionary
1149:Categories
735:By country
351:References
322:Namachecki
306:Namachecki
226:Early life
124:Missionary
120:Occupation
82:, Scotland
54:1871-05-18
839:Mary Daly
767:Kurdistan
302:Nyamacaki
167:Relatives
159:Parent(s)
133:1907–1929
96:Education
1568:See also
1431:agencies
1082:Moolaadé
535:Archived
471:(2009).
452:Archived
430:Archived
339:See also
200:Karatina
138:Employer
66:Scotland
986:FORWARD
777:Nigeria
298:Nyaruta
222:(FGM).
91:British
80:Glasgow
1208:People
1101:(2015)
1093:(2009)
1085:(2004)
1066:(1998)
1058:(1992)
1050:(1982)
1042:(1975)
1001:Tostan
996:RAINBO
969:Groups
908:Others
232:Forfar
196:Kikuyu
62:Forfar
1074:Films
1031:Books
1024:Media
787:Sudan
757:India
189:Kenya
1528:USPG
76:1930
73:Died
48:Born
1523:SIM
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