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which are inserted into a hole in the shaft bent at approximately 45 degrees to the shaft and hang loosely with a loop at the end to attach the hand strings, these are then moved by the fingers holding the main shaft. A tilt of the main upright controls the head and body with a fine nuance, This type of control is usually called the
British control. Another variation of the vertical control is found in Europe usually a rigid wire rod extends from the centre of the head upward and is fixed rigidly to the control, The leg bar is inserted through the main upright but pivots on a pin to allow movement of the legs.
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522:, who commented on her lasting interest in marionettes, "What then is the fascination of a life with marionettes? Is it the pleasure of performing? The appeal of mastering an 'instrument' to the point of virtuosity? The transformation of one's own self? For me, it is the process of empathizing with mind and soul, of feeling at one with music and movement that bring these much-loved creatures to life." The Salzburg Marionette Theatre performs mainly operas such as
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detachable clip usually holds the leg bar. This style of control is generally used in the US for human figures and is also known as the
American control. A similar control is almost universally used for quadruped animals; as it emulates the basic shape of the animal, rocking it from side to side will control the leg movements in unison. The Salzburg Marionette Theatre in Austria also uses a variant of this style for its human characters.
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133:. Marionettes are operated with the puppeteer hidden or revealed to an audience by using a vertical or horizontal control bar in different forms of theatres or entertainment venues. They have also been used in films and on television. The attachment of the strings varies according to its character or purpose.
1092:
Czech rod marionettes are similar to
Sicilian ones though they are more complex. They are hand-carved, usually using lime wood. The marionettes have the central rod-like the Sicilian marionette but also have strings for the arms and legs. Sometimes they also use string to control a mouth or movable
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This control is a bar that is held in the hand in a horizontal plane. There can be numerous bars at right angles to the central bar, which in turn attach via wires to the hands, shoulders, back, etc. A smaller plate is usually hung under the main bar, and this carries the head strings; likewise, a
211:
Puppetry is an ancient form of performance. Some historians claim that they predate actors in theatre. There is evidence that they were used in Egypt as early as 2000 BC when string-operated figures of wood were manipulated to act kneading bread and other string-controlled objects. Wire-controlled,
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British marionettes are similar to German marionettes. The usual human form has nine strings — one string to each knee, hand and shoulder, two strings to the head and one string to the lower back. The control is usually the
British upright control with separate leg bar. Optional stringing includes
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This type of control is an upright bar that has various smaller bars inserted at right angles from which the head, shoulder, back etc. strings etc. are attached to. This control usually has a detachable leg bar that controls walking when held in the opposite hand. The arms are controlled by wires
310:
dolls, dated from around 500 BC, were found in children's tombs. These dolls had articulated arms and legs, some of which had an iron rod extending up from the tops of their heads. This rod was used to manipulate the doll from above, exactly as is done today in
Sicilian puppetry. A few of these
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This type of control has many strings attached to a rounded rectangular paddle with a short handle, all the strings are attached and hang from the outer edge of the paddle and are used by selecting each string with the opposite hand and pulling to control the figure which hangs below.
696:. The Frisch Marionettes in Cincinnati were founded by Kevin Frisch, who has been considered one of the best stage marionette artists of his time. His manipulation and ability to transfer lifelike movement to the inanimate has been compared to the German master puppeteer,
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Sicilian marionettes are among the simplest marionettes to operate. They are usually carved out of wood and have a sturdy rod that extends up through the body into the head. This rod, and one string attached to the hand, controls the manipulation of the puppet.
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ears. These require more skilled manipulation. Czechs also have marionettes that have no central rod and strings that are attached to the head, shoulders, and back. These are the most difficult marionettes to manipulate due to the absence of the central rod.
480:, founded by Gren Middleton and Juliet Rogers, continues to perform using long string marionettes throughout the year. The barge is based in Little Venice, London during the winter months and tours to places such as Richmond Upon Thames during the summer.
120:
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with David
Syrotiak at its helm has developed some of the most artistically staged shows to grace the American stage. The Fratello Marionettes of Danville, California stage shows that are well crafted and display an almost Disney-esque quality. The
1177:
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Pelham
Puppets are a commercially made British puppet who usually have seven strings that are attached to the legs, hands, head and back. The controls are usually a horizontal folding cross bar. Bob Pelham developed the British marionettes in 1947.
483:
In
Scotland, Dr Malcolm Knight has championed the art form and over the last 25 years, the Scottish Mask and Puppet Centre has acted as a catalyst, a lead agency, and as a resource centre for all those with an interest in mask and puppet theatre.
1126:(lit. miniatures) and are almost always performed in operas. A Burmese marionette troupe must have 27 characters, including a king, animals such as horse, elephant, tiger, monkey and parrot, ministers, prince and princess and buffoons A
1130:, a traditional Burmese orchestra usually provides the music. Burmese marionettes are very intricate and dexterous as they employ 18 (for male characters) or 19 (for female) wires, each puppet controlled only by one puppeteer.
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theatre in
Greenwich Village closed in 1987 but was a nationally recognized treasure that presented countless shows to families for over a decade, including their contribution to film and television with the famous
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puppets made of clay and ivory have been found in
Egyptian tombs. Marionette puppetry was used to display rituals and ceremonies using these string-operated figurines back in ancient times and is still used today.
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was a marionette play. It opened the theatre in 1961 and was revived for the 50th anniversary in 2011. The Norwich Puppet Theatre founded by Ray & Joan DaSilva sometimes presents marionette shows and the
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The movements of animals may be compared with those of automatic puppets, which are set going on the occasion of a tiny movement; the levers are released and strike the twisted strings against one another.
142:
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465:(built 1958) in Rhos on Sea, North Wales, Founded by Eric Bramall FRSA and continued by Chris Somerville. Other theatres that occasionally perform with marionettes are the
965:) used many puppets during their commission, notably a singing and dancing marionette called Lizzie Dreams, sometimes paired up with another marionette called Nick.
540:. The Salzburg Marionette Theatre productions are aimed at adults although children are welcome. There is also a marionette theatre at Schoenbrunn Palace in Vienna.
291:
were presented using puppetry. The roots of European puppetry probably extend back to the Greek plays with puppets played to the "common people" in the 5th century
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who founded the Munich Marionette Theatre in Germany in 1855. Until 2012, the Salzburg Marionette Theatre was under the artistic direction of his granddaughter,
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since 1948 has produced theatrical adaptations of fairy tales and serious pieces. In 1953, it began producing television series with productions such as
991:. Matt Stone and Trey Parker dubbed their version "Supercrappymation" due to the fact they intentionally left the strings visible, among other reasons.
493:
140:
776:, using a marionette central character of the same name, ran for just over 40 years (1959–1999). Another program for children using puppetry was the
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In the United States, several groups have established permanent theatres or touring programs dedicated to spotlighting marionette performances. The
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in Dallas has recreated a traditional marionette theatre with puppeteer bridge and full stage productions. The theatre is open year-round. The
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733:
With the rise in popularity of television and film, marionettes found a rise in popularity, especially in children's programming. The story of
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dolls had strings in place of the rods. Some researchers believe these ancient figures were mere toys and not puppets due to their small size.
199:
1899:
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introduced marionettes to children's television, with Howdy Doody (the main character) being a marionette, as well as some other characters.
407:
in Austria, the Salzburg Marionette Theatre continues the tradition of presenting full-length opera using marionettes in their own theatre.
324:, refers to the show-manager of theatrical performances (or a puppet-player), and also means literally 'string-puller' or 'string-holder'.
551:. An important organisation is the National Marionette Theatre. Its repertoire mainly features a marionette production of Mozart's famous
1590:
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From the 1940s onward, the BBC in the United Kingdom, produced a wide series of marionette programmes for children and then created The
459:, “the only theatre in the country exclusively to be used for marionettes” at the time. The only purpose-built UK marionette theatre is
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are hand-carved, using wood, with a central rod and strings for the arms and legs. In France, the most famous puppet is the
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901:". The programs have been shown all around the world and are now widely distributed on DVD. Anderson also made two films,
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344:. These same tales are enacted in traditional puppet theatres featuring hand-made marionettes of wood, an art form called
168:
means 'little Mary'. During the Middle Ages, string puppets were often used in France to depict biblical events, with the
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have used marionettes to create a series of adverts based in an office and music videos use them regularly as metaphors.
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461:
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They have eight strings that are attached to the legs, hands, head, shoulders, and back. The controls are horizontal.
700:. Joseph Cashore has been touring the United States for over 30 years with a collection of self-designed marionettes.
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controlled from above using wires or strings depending on regional variations. A marionette's puppeteer is called a
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is more precise, distinguishing them from other forms of puppetry, such as finger, glove, rod, and shadow puppetry.
1972:
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and Cora Eisenberg presented a great number of marionette shows for television, and were also responsible for the
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A BBC article explains how this craft saved Czech culture and language from being eradicated in favor of German.
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The sides of donkey carts are decorated with intricate, painted scenes from the Frankish romantic poems, such as
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897:. This allowed for radio control moving of the mouth of a marionettes. The technique was patented and called "
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in Los Angeles is now considered a historical landmark, presented a variety of cabaret marionette shows. The
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367:, in the first half of the 13th century. A great place to see this marionette art is the puppet theatres of
2009:
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title card. The card was not actually a card as the blocks turned to reveal the title one block at a time.
1260:, film production technique using marionettes that can electronically lip sync to a pre-recorded dialogue.
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In Australia, like in many other countries, there is a continuing tradition of marionette puppetry.
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Burmese marionettes are all string operated and are a popular art in Burma. Marionettes are called
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In the UK the renaissance of Marionettes during the late 19th and early 20th century was driven by
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1894:. Translated by Fan Pen Li Chen. Albany: State University of New York Press. 2017. p. 344.
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is an acknowledged master puppeteer and teacher of traditional Czech marionette-making skills.
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theatre in New York under the direction of Nick Coppola has been in operation since 1980. The
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namely Octavia Ostrich. More recently marionettes are starting to re-emerge on the TV screen,
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348:'opera of the puppets' in Sicilian. The opera of the puppets and the Sicilian tradition of
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can refer to any kind of puppet, but elsewhere it typically refers only to string puppets.
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as the marionette puppet examines himself after "plastic surgery" to change his appearance.
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2080:"A Tale of Two Mice" by Sydney Delle Donne. App store page with description and samples
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A 2011 Documentary by Rogier van Beeck Calkoen about the Czech puppeteer Pavel Truhlar.
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Marionettes in action in an instore app "A Tale of Two Mice" by Sydney Delle Donne
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Also appearing in 2004 was the full-length, award-winning marionette fantasy film
770:. Bil Baird also wrote a classic book on his work. In Australia, a program called
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composed marionette operas and plays for his siblings' entertainment. Today in
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founded by John and Lyndie Wright in Islington, London, whose first-ever show
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in Atlanta develops and fosters marionette performers from across the globe.
1980:
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952:. John Cusack played a manipulator who referred to himself as a puppeteer.
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2004:
244:), which literally means 'drawn by strings, string-pulling', from νεῦρον (
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In the 18th century, operas were specifically composed for marionettes.
248:), meaning either 'sinew, tendon, muscle, string', or 'wire', and σπάω (
224:
and the oldest written records of puppetry can be found in the works of
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747:), which was released in 1940, is a story about a marionette. In 1947,
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which uses a crude, naive, childlike style of Supermarionation as in
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Examples of different Czech marionettes according to their material
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Dubska, Alice; Novak, Jan; Malikova, Nina; Zdenkova, Marie (2006).
660:
were founded by George and Lucille Cole in Chicago circa 1934. The
416:
Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
295:. By the 3rd century BC these plays would appear in the Theatre of
2026:
Online gallery and resource of marionettes from the Czech Republic
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Marionette in motion; the Püterschein system diagrammed, described
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1708:. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 1035.
913:. During the 1970s in the UK TV series using marionettes include
2020:
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marionette theatre has a very long history in entertainment in
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Marionettes are sometimes referred to as puppets, but the term
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30:
This article is about the type of puppet. For other uses, see
2048:
2043:
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Marionette from Tiller family marionette company, 1870s-1890s
1380:. London: New Burlington Books, Quintet Publishing Limited.
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from 1955 to 1964. They were usually shown under the title
198:
Ancient Greek terracotta puppet dolls, 5th–4th century BC,
82:
73:
70:
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featuring puppets Cassius Cuckoo and Leonardo de Funbird.
1465:. Richmond, Victoria, Australia: Richard Lee Publishing.
893:, which pioneered a technique combining marionettes and
805:
at the National Media Museum in Bradford, United Kingdom
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2015:
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Puppet controlled from above using wires or strings
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279:'s work also contains references to puppetry. The
1112:Traditional Burmese commander-in-chief marionette
614:a range of productions including the spectacular
2016:Virtual museum of the puppet and the marionette
1639:List of Ancient Greek words related to puppetry
1183:Children watching marionettes in New York, 1935
414:, Sicilian puppet theatre, was relisted on the
1452:Robinson, Stuart; Robertson, Patricia (1967).
8:
1283:, puppetry using silhouettes of flat puppets
1147:A little theatre of marionettes, Italy, 1959
875:and colleagues made a number of hit series,
176:
163:
1378:An Introduction to Puppets and Puppetmaking
1334:. Puppetry imprints, handbook XII. Detroit.
946:Marionettes are featured in the 1999 film,
399:all composed adult operas for marionettes.
275:is known to have worked with marionettes.
258:(384–322 BC) discusses puppets in his work
172:being a popular character, hence the name.
2068:"Institut International de la Marionnette"
1486:. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers.
1367:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1344:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1791:"George Cole, Master Of Cole Marionettes"
1480:Suib, Leonard; Broadman, Muriel (1975).
1968:Burmese Culture: General and Particular
1506:
1137:
494:Jim Knopf und Lukas der Lokomotivführer
1874:"Cult - Gerry Anderson - Thunderbirds"
1641:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1625:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1609:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1593:, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott,
1360:
1337:
575:are just two works in the repertoire.
534:and a small number of ballets such as
444:British Puppet and Model Theatre Guild
232:, dating from the 5th century BC. The
200:National Archaeological Museum, Athens
1938:Janeksela, Jacklyn (21 August 2018).
1726:. Bath, UK. 2 August 1944. p. 1.
1236:, traditional Japanese puppet theatre
352:(singers of tales) are rooted in the
112:
7:
2060:"Portail des Arts de la Marionnette"
1892:Marionette Plays from Northern China
1534:. Cornell University Press. p.
1272:, best known as the theme music for
306:In ancient Greece and Rome clay and
1705:The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary
1456:. London: Mills & Boon Limited.
1353:Beaton, Mabel; Beaton, Les (1948).
514:. Aicher was heavily influenced by
1437:. Brisbane Dramatic Arts Company.
1007:A marionette was also used in the
729:, famous US television marionette.
447:. In 1936 Lanchester and his wife
25:
1738:"Scottish Mask and Puppet Centre"
1355:Marionettes: A Hobby for Everyone
1248:, Vietnamese traditional puppetry
802:Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons
789:A display of marionettes used in
606:are notable puppeteers. The late
510:was founded in 1913 by Professor
383:as a child had seen marionettes.
2003:
1789:Heise, Kenan (21 October 1986).
1242:, traditional Afghan puppet show
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
827:The various programmes included
441:, two of the co-founders of the
365:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
57:
1940:"Why Czechs don't speak German"
1526:Shershow, Scott Cutler (1995).
1320:. London: Studio Vista Limited.
764:sequence from the classic film
588:Marionette Theatre of Australia
561:(Cakes and Puppets) founded by
1418:. London: Dover Publications.
1:
1764:"Phillip Edmiston Collection"
1671:, Thames & Hudson, 2005.
1530:Puppets and "popular" Culture
1416:The Complete Book of Puppetry
1399:. Prague: Theatre Institute.
1265:Funeral March of a Marionette
931:. Some marionettes appear in
916:The Adventures of Rupert Bear
812:BBC Television Puppet Theatre
612:Queensland Marionette Theatre
472:The Wild Night Of The Witches
453:Lanchester Marionette Theatre
662:Bob Baker Marionette Theater
462:The Harlequin Puppet Theatre
678:National Marionette Theater
508:Salzburg Marionette Theatre
32:Marionette (disambiguation)
2111:
2031:Czech marionettes workshop
1973:Sarpay Beikman Corporation
1688:Observations - Chapter One
1115:
1071:elbows, forehead or nose.
970:Team America: World Police
793:television series such as
331:
220:Puppetry was practiced in
204:
29:
1841:"The Cashore Marionettes"
1724:Bath Chronicle and Weekly
1326:Dwiggins, William Addison
1275:Alfred Hitchcock Presents
252:), meaning 'draw, pull'.
1656:On the Motion of Animals
1461:Sinclair, Anita (1995).
1414:Latshaw, George (2000).
973:is a 2004 movie made by
955:The BBC children's show
674:Le Theatre de Marionette
670:Center for Puppetry Arts
261:On the Motion of Animals
1643:A Greek-English Lexicon
1627:A Greek-English Lexicon
1611:A Greek-English Lexicon
1595:A Greek-English Lexicon
1376:Currell, David (1992).
457:Malvern, Worcestershire
149:A marionette in use in
1768:Cabaret Puppet Theatre
1753:by Alice Dubska, p. 56
1316:Binyon, Helen (1966).
1113:
1002:Anders Rønnow Klarlund
867:. Later in the 1960s,
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489:Augsburger Puppenkiste
270:
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2054:Nikolai Zykov Theatre
1915:Wright, John (1951).
1861:The Art of the Puppet
1720:"Marionettes Feature"
1516:by Helan Binyon, p.11
1463:The Puppetry Handbook
1433:Logan, David (2007).
1299:The Art of the Puppet
1111:
788:
725:
711:
631:is a marionette from
266:
197:
148:
42:
2049:Puppet Theatre Barge
2012:at Wikimedia Commons
1965:Khin Zaw, U (1981).
1751:Czech Puppet Theatre
1669:Puppetry and Puppets
1667:Blumenthal, Eileen,
1483:Marionettes Onstage!
1397:Czech Puppet Theatre
1195:Marionette in Prague
1015:The Shakespeare Code
949:Being John Malkovich
857:a series created by
598:(Smallpox Theatre),
592:Richard Bradshaw OAM
478:Puppet Theatre Barge
467:Little Angel Theatre
363:during the reign of
175:In France, the word
1820:www.puppetworks.org
904:Thunderbirds Are Go
704:Television and film
617:The Grand Adventure
610:performed with his
580:Norman Hetherington
236:word translated as
1975:. pp. 14–28.
1454:Exploring Puppetry
1114:
818:Lime Grove Studios
807:
767:The Sound of Music
731:
720:
693:The Sound of Music
341:The Song of Roland
203:
155:
114:[maʁjɔnɛt]
49:
18:Marionette theatre
2008:Media related to
1901:978-1-4384-6483-1
1770:. Australia. 2019
1677:978-0-500-51226-5
1425:978-0-486-40952-8
1095:Miroslav Trejtnar
1021:Control bar types
824:Watch With Mother
779:Magic Circle Club
638:Cabotans d'Amiens
516:Count Franz Pocci
500:Urmel aus dem Eis
240:is νευρόσπαστος (
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16:(Redirected from
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899:supermarionation
791:Supermarionation
658:Cole Marionettes
608:Phillip Edmiston
586:(founder of the
506:In Austria, the
487:In Germany, the
439:Waldo Lanchester
346:l'opera deî pupi
314:The Indian word
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1700:McGregor, R. S.
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873:Sylvia Anderson
871:with his wife,
848:Muffin The Mule
762:Lonely Goatherd
706:
688:Lonely Goatherd
559:Buchty a Loutky
531:The Magic Flute
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1998:External links
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1514:Puppetry Today
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1318:Puppetry Today
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1270:Charles Gounod
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1019:
1000:, directed by
869:Gerry Anderson
836:The Woodentops
756:In the 1950s,
705:
702:
698:Albrecht Roser
600:David Hamilton
545:Czech Republic
537:The Nutcracker
525:Die Fledermaus
435:Harry Whanslaw
423:
422:Modern theatre
420:
376:
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334:Opera dei Pupi
332:Main article:
329:
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222:Ancient Greece
205:Main article:
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19:
2070:(in French).
2062:(in French).
2038:Thunderbirds
2037:
1984:. Retrieved
1967:
1960:
1948:. Retrieved
1943:
1933:
1916:
1910:
1891:
1886:
1868:
1863:by Bil Baird
1860:
1856:
1844:. Retrieved
1835:
1823:. Retrieved
1819:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:
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1772:. Retrieved
1767:
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1746:
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1645:, on Perseus
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1629:, on Perseus
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1613:, on Perseus
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1597:, on Perseus
1594:
1591:νευρόσπαστος
1586:
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1171:A marionette
1128:hsaing waing
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1026:Asian paddle
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840:
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771:
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615:
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596:David Splatt
577:
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552:
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523:
520:Gretl Aicher
512:Anton Aicher
505:
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259:
254:
249:
245:
242:nevróspastos
241:
237:
219:
210:
174:
161:
131:marionettist
130:
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50:
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2044:Scott Radke
2010:Marionettes
1825:7 September
1654:Aristotle,
1558:Herodotus,
1357:. New York.
1281:Shadow play
985:Trey Parker
895:electronics
750:Howdy Doody
727:Howdy Doody
690:scene from
666:Puppetworks
649:created in
647:hand puppet
645:which is a
563:Marek Bečka
451:opened the
428:marionettes
214:articulated
178:marionnette
170:Virgin Mary
165:marionnette
162:In French,
110:marionnette
45:Howdy Doody
1986:9 November
1971:. Yangon:
1944:BBC Travel
1925:B01IPYU7YG
1878:BBC Online
1580:on Perseus
1574:Xenophon,
1564:on Perseus
1502:References
1295:Baird, Bil
1035:Horizontal
1010:Doctor Who
981:Matt Stone
976:South Park
864:Andy Pandy
715:Andy Pandy
371:, Sicily.
357:troubadour
350:cantastorî
316:sutradhara
273:Archimedes
53:marionette
1950:13 August
1658:, 350 BC.
1576:Symposium
1363:cite book
1340:cite book
1301:. Plays.
1013:episode "
979:creators
940:Coca-Cola
830:Whirligig
815:based in
758:Bil Baird
744:Pinocchio
735:Pinocchio
712:The 1952
683:Bil Baird
653:in 1808.
418:in 2008.
354:Provençal
301:Acropolis
256:Aristotle
226:Herodotus
190:Antiquity
158:Etymology
43:Photo of
2095:Puppetry
2089:Category
1981:31011080
1702:(1993).
1578:, 4.55,
1562:, 2.48,
1435:Puppetry
1328:(1939).
1297:(1966).
1228:See also
1220:Calabash
1124:Yoke thé
1118:Yoke thé
1079:Sicilian
1044:Vertical
962:Playdays
884:Stingray
737:and its
568:Rocky IX
405:Salzburg
397:Respighi
393:de Falla
297:Dionysus
285:and the
230:Xenophon
207:Puppetry
1846:21 July
1800:26 July
1240:Buz-baz
1234:Bunraku
1134:Gallery
1104:Burmese
1066:British
997:Strings
959:(later
957:Playbus
934:Pipkins
854:Rubovia
643:Guignol
629:Lafleur
625:Picardy
543:In the
369:Palermo
318:, from
299:at the
288:Odyssey
185:History
125:) is a
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1675:
1607:νεῦρον
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1058:German
1053:Styles
922:Mumfie
739:Disney
635:. The
633:Amiens
549:Prague
449:Muriel
381:Mozart
361:Sicily
328:Sicily
246:nevron
238:puppet
153:, 2018
127:puppet
106:French
98:-ee-ə-
1088:Czech
582:OAM,
573:Tibet
389:Haydn
385:Gluck
375:Opera
321:sutra
308:ivory
282:Iliad
277:Plato
234:Greek
151:Japan
1988:2018
1977:OCLC
1952:2021
1946:. UK
1921:ASIN
1896:ISBN
1848:2018
1827:2016
1802:2018
1776:2019
1673:ISBN
1623:σπάω
1540:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1467:ISBN
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1382:ISBN
1369:link
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