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land-based facility, where the personnel can be evacuated with relative ease, and the building be the only loss. At sea, the crew and munitions share a facility (the ship), and thus are in much more danger of fire reaching munitions (which tend to be more closely packed, due to space limitations). Also, losing a munitions storage building on land is far cheaper than sacrificing an entire naval vessel, even if one could easily evacuate the crew.
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ring on the nose of the bomb which acts as a vortex generator to aid the bomb's stabilizers. The smaller (less than 6,600 lb or 3,000 kg) bombs had a single nose and a single tail fuze, while the larger weapons shared a single nose fuze and two base fuzes. The FAB-9000 (20,000 lb or 9,000 kg) weapon was roughly comparable to the
895:
691:
The 1954 series of high-drag bombs was built in six sizes: 550 lb (250 kg), 1,100 lb (500 kg), 3,300 lb (1,500 kg), 6,600 lb (3,000 kg), 11,000 lb (5,000 kg), and 20,000 lb (9,000 kg). A feature of the 1954 series of bombs is the ballistic
682:
In 1946 the Soviet Union developed a series of freefall bombs in four sizes 550 lb (250 kg), 1,100 lb (500 kg), 3,300 lb (1,500 kg), and 6,600 lb (3,000 kg) and sharing a single nose and a single tail fuze. The bomb could be dropped from up to 39,000 ft
779:
On 20 June 2024, Russia claimed that it used, for the first time, a FAB-3000 modified with a guidance wing kit near Lyptsi in
Kharkiv Oblast. Russian media claimed that it was aimed at Ukrainian soldiers, Ukraine claimed that it narrowly missed a hospital. Russia announced that it was restarting
427:
fire-retardant coating, which is designed to delay any potential accidental explosion in the event of a shipboard fire. Land-based air forces typically do not use such coatings, largely because they add some 30 lb (14 kg) to the weight of the complete weapon. Fire is less a danger in a
582:
The principal modern
British bombs are 540 lb (240 kg) and 1,000 lb (450 kg), and are no longer in service. The smaller 540 lb was retired with the demise of the Harrier GR9 aircraft with the larger 1000 lb being retired in Apr 2019. Currently the UK only uses the
256:) bombs. The 1,000 lb (450 kg) MC was developed from 1942 to replace the existing 1000 lb GP (General Purpose) bomb. Initially using most of the components of the 1000 lb GP it was decided to give it a new tail and it was built with a half-inch-thick wall. Fillings could be
203:" fuze used in Vietnam War era American weapons, an extended probe designed to ensure that the bomb would detonate on contact (even with foliage) rather than burying itself in earth or mud, which would reduce its effectiveness. (This was not the first instance of such devices. As early as
942:
or HSLD series of general-purpose bombs. Size variations of these bombs are 100 kg (220 lb), 250 kg (550 lb), 450 kg (990 lb) and 500 kg (1,100 lb). The 450 kg and 500 kg bombs have precision-guided versions as well. The bombs are manufactured by
780:
production of the FAB-3000 in March 2024. More purported uses of the bomb in the same region took place in the next days with videos appeared online. The
Russian Ministry of Defense officially announced the use of the bomb on 14 July 2024 by publishing a video which showed a
955:
Other countries, including
Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey, manufacture their own bombs, most of which are either licensed versions of the U.S. Mark 80 series or close copies.
370:. It has a length-to-diameter ratio of about 8:1, and results in minimal drag for the carrier aircraft. The Mark 80 series was not used in combat until the Vietnam War, but has since replaced most earlier GP weapons. It includes four basic weapon types:
399:
Vietnam service showed the Mk 81 "Firecracker" to be insufficiently effective, and it was withdrawn from U.S. service. However, recently, precision-guided variants of the Mk 81 bomb have begun a return to service, based on U.S. experience in
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dive-bombers and other aircraft for exactly the same reason. A blast several feet above the ground is many times more effective and has a far greater radius than one that is delayed until the bomb is below the surface.)
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Both the 54 and 62 series designs remain in use. The most common of these are the FAB-100, FAB-250, FAB-500, and FAB-1500, roughly corresponding to the U.S. Mark 80 series. These have seen widespread service in Russia,
459:
On August 14, 2020, Kaman
Precision Products received roughly $ 57.3 million for a "cockpit-selectable" bomb fuze to be used on Mark 80 warheads (guided and unguided). The contract involved foreign military sales
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347:, which had an explosive content about 65% higher than most contemporary weapons. Although some of these weapons remain in the U.S. arsenal, they are little used and the M117 is primarily carried only by the
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speed, and their construction was fragile. As an interim measure, upgraded versions of the bombs were built with thicker walls and no nose fuze. The thick-walled version of the bombs was built until 1956.
148:
or United States service) comprising about 30% to 40% of the bomb's total weight. The
British term for a bomb of this type is "medium case" or "medium capacity" (MC). The GP bomb is a common weapon of
219:
GP bombs are commonly used as the warheads for more sophisticated precision-guided munitions. Using various types of seeker and electrically controlled fins turns a basic 'iron' bomb into a
911:
France produces or has produced numerous types of general-purpose bombs with weights ranging from 50 kg (110 lb) to 1,000 kg (2,200 lb), including US Mark 80 models.
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of a firearm), and the actual weight of each individual weapon may vary depending on its retardation, fusing, carriage, and guidance systems. For example, the actual weight of a U.S.
996:
431:
All Mk 80 bombs have both nose and tail fuze wells and can accept a variety of fuzes. Various nose and tail kits can be fitted to adapt the weapon for a variety of roles.
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and others. Actual weight was around 1,020 lb (460 kg). It was introduced to service in 1943 and about a quarter of a million were produced by the end of the war.
235:). The combination is cheaper than a true guided missile (and can be more easily upgraded or replaced in service), but is substantially more accurate than an unguided bomb.
184:
In low-altitude attacks, there is a danger of the attacking aircraft being caught in the blast of its own weapons. To address this problem, GP bombs are often fitted with
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aircraft rather than in internal bays. They come in only two sizes, 550 lb (250 kg) and 1,100 lb (500 kg). Both bombs have a single nose fuze.
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679:(FAB) and followed by the bomb's nominal weight in kilograms. Most Russian iron bombs have circular ring airfoils rather than the fins used by Western types.
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918:. The acronym “SAMP” identifies these bombs, along with various type codes such as EU2 and T200. Since 2019, bomb casings are made at a new factory in
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683:(12,000 m) and up to 620 mph (1,000 km/h). The original, 1946-series bombs had poor ballistic characteristics at
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General-purpose bombs are often identified by their weight (e.g., 500 lb or 230 kg). In many cases this is strictly a
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Larger bombs with less streamlined shapes also remained in the Soviet arsenal, primarily for use by heavy bombers. In the
1264:"105.000 κιλά βομβών FAB-3000 χτύπησαν ουκρανικούς στόχους στο Χάρκοβο! – Η μυρωδιά των καμμένων έφτασε μέχρι το Κίεβο"
50:
44:
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420:
725:, FAB-5000 (11,000 lb or 5,000 kg) and FAB-9000 (20,000 lb or 9,000 kg) bombs were dropped by
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1381:"Don't Fear Russia's 3.3-Ton Glide-Bomb. It's Massive Overkill when a 1.1-Ton Glide-Bomb Will Kill You Just Fine"
125:
61:
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109:
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1526:"Avec l'usine 4.0 du groupe Rafaut, la France sera moins dépendante des corps de bombes acquis à l'étranger"
768:
as well as guidance electronics, all of whose addition turns unguided gravity bombs into smart bombs with a
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compared to Mk 82 and larger bombs (e.g., when attacking a single small building in a populated area).
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Diagram of a
British, 250 lb General-Purpose Bomb Mark 1, used during the early part of World War 2
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92:
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In 1962 a new series of streamlined, low-drag bombs was introduced, designed for external carriage by
112:
in explosive effect. They are designed to be effective against enemy troops, vehicles, and buildings.
299:
1,000 lb (450 kg) General-Purpose Bomb (1939 onwards) – replaced by 1000 lb MC in 1943
1513:
753:
583:
500 lb class
Paveway IV weapon system. The warhead is a modified enhanced Mk 82 warhead.
348:
200:
1352:
1338:
1289:"Russian Air Force Unveils FAB-3000 Powerful Aerial Bomb Fitted with Guidance Kit Used in Ukraine"
323:
A Mk 82 GP bomb loaded on an F/A-18 Hornet, showing nose fuze and textured thermal insulation
296:
500 lb (230 kg) General-Purpose Bomb (1926 onwards) – replaced by 500 lb MC in 1942
293:
250 lb (110 kg) General-Purpose Bomb (1926 onwards) – replaced by 250 lb MC in 1942
192:
or pop-out fins that slow the bomb's descent to allow the aircraft time to escape the detonation.
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1367:"Russia's new guided bomb inflicts devastation and heavy casualties on the Ukrainian frontlines"
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The retarder is used to allow the aircraft escape the "blast pattern" in low altitude delivery.
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General-purpose (GP) bombs use a thick-walled metal casing with explosive filler (typically
756:. More recently, many Russian FAB-500 and FAB-1500 general-purpose bombs were converted to
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bomb, nominally 750 lb (340 kg), is typically around 820 lb (370 kg).
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4,000 lb (1,800 kg) General-Purpose Bomb (1943) – replaced by 4000 lb HC
178:
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1156:"Textron explores capabilities for next-generation GBU-X munition | InsideDefense.com"
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Guidance accessories for a 500 lb body and a Laser-Guided
Training Round, bottom
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because it is useful for a variety of tactical applications and relatively cheap.
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In the Mk 80 series bomb bodies is also used in the following weapons:
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During WWII the
British adopted a description of general-purpose bombs as
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kits, which add battery-powered electrically-actuated pop-out wings and
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1395:"Police: Russia drops 1,500-kilogram bomb on village in Kharkiv Oblast"
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LAB (laser), UAB & UPAB (guided), IKAB TAB (thermal IR) TelAB (cam)
814:
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621: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1423:"В России с февраля наладили массовое производство авиабомб ФАБ-3000"
699:. It was used by Soviet aircraft designers as a substitute for early
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1545:"Aéronautique: l'entreprise Aresia s'arme pour l'économie de guerre"
358:. This class of weapons uses a shape known as Aero 1A, designed by
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40 lb (18 kg) General-Purpose bomb – produced 1937 to 1941
1447:
803:
IAB-500 (inert training); other = liquid fuel phosphorus incendiary
1448:"Glide bombs increase efficiency of Russian aviation several-fold"
1039:"DUBAI: Textron-Thales mini-bomb wrapping up flight test campaign"
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1409:"The Russian glide bombs changing the face of the war in Ukraine"
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120 lb (54 kg) General-Purpose Bomb – abandoned project
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intended as a compromise between blast damage, penetration, and
1586:"Ordtech General Purpose Aircraft Bombs Mk81, Mk82, Mk83, Mk84"
302:
1,900 lb (860 kg) General-Purpose Bomb (1941 onwards)
1314:"Экипаж истребителя бомбардировщика Су 34 нанес удар ФАБ 3000"
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Defense News security global military army equipment industry
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Soviet / Russian aircraft weapons : since World War Two
843:
BetAB (concrete-piercing), BrAB (armour-piercing); PTAB (AT)
732:
bombers, generally against large, fixed targets in Iran. In
527:- a guided general-purpose bomb under development as of 2017
227:
series), an electro-optical guided bomb, or, more recently,
124:
American AN-M64 500 lb General Purpose Bomb as seen in
1065:"USAF reveals slimmed-down SACM air-to-air missile concept"
287:
50 lb (23 kg) General-Purpose Bomb – not produced
177:
Most modern air-dropped GP bombs are designed to minimise
1130:"SACM: Affordable, Highly-Lethal Missile - Fighter Sweep"
199:
and fins for different uses. One notable example is the "
703:
when determining the size and clearances of bomb bays.
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was a standard Mk 82 with folded retarding petals.
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and are filled with explosives at another factory in
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for external carriage on aircraft lacking bomb bays.
1242:"Russia's first use of FAB-3000 guided bomb — video"
1105:"Raytheon to research tactical missile capabilities"
1637:
Soviet/Russian Aircraft Weapons Since World War Two
1543:
916:Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre
211:was using extended-nose fuzes on bombs dropped by
1230:. Air Combat Information Group. December 5, 2010.
760:through the addition of mass-produced so-called
1091:"Janes | Latest defence and security news"
828:ZAB (Z = incendiary), P-50T (smoke/incendiary);
1588:. Ordtech Military Industries. Archived from
1514:List of SAMP bombs on AviationsMilitaires.net
936:Defence Research and Development Organisation
675:The Russian term for general-purpose bomb is
8:
1198:. Hinkley: Midland Publishing. p. 158.
315:Modern American GP bombs: the Mark 80 series
395:– nominal weight 2,000 pounds (907 kg)
389:– nominal weight 1,000 pounds (454 kg)
1473:"Janes | Latest defence and security news"
914:Until 2011, bomb casings were made by the
898:French-built Mark 80 bombs equipped with
744:bombers used massive FAB-1500, FAB-3000,
637:Learn how and when to remove this message
570:was a standard Mk 84 with a ballute.
564:was a standard Mk 83 with a ballute.
451:A practice (no explosive) version of the
441:A practice (no explosive) version of the
383:– nominal weight 500 pounds (227 kg)
377:– nominal weight 250 pounds (113 kg)
195:GP bombs can be fitted with a variety of
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
840:DAB (smoke), SAB = flare or free fall HE
43:This article includes a list of general
988:
868:(K = correction of trajectory) guided,
752:bombs to devastating effect during the
718:nations, and various export countries.
503:B Paveway III (Mk 84) laser-guided
480:Dumb Mk 80 bombs could be converted to
837:OFAB, OAB (oskolochno = fragmentation)
497:B Paveway II (Mk 83) laser-guided
491:D Paveway II (Mk 82) laser-guided
423:GP bombs are distinguished by a thick
244:WWII-era British general-purpose bombs
27:Aerial bomb used for multiple purposes
404:after 2003, and the desire to reduce
335:the U.S. used older designs like the
7:
1244:. New Voice of Ukraine. 21 June 2024
619:adding citations to reliable sources
1564:"Bombs | Australian Munitions"
1170:"MK82 Air Inflatable Retarder Bomb"
354:The primary U.S. GP bombs are the
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
902:guidance and range extension kits
554:was a standard Mk 82 with a
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521:JDAM (Mk 84) INS/GPS guided
515:JDAM (Mk 83) INS/GPS guided
509:JDAM (Mk 82) INS/GPS guided
34:
1620:. London: HarperCollins, 1995.
1015:"Contracts for August 14, 2020"
651:Soviet and Russian aerial bombs
606:needs additional citations for
1353:"FAB-250 General purpose Bomb"
784:tactical bomber launching it.
411:Since the Vietnam War and the
231:-guided weapon (like the U.S.
1:
1339:"FAB M62 | Weaponsystems.net"
997:"1000lb Medium Capacity Bomb"
677:fugasnaya aviatsionnaya bomba
1639:. Midland Publishing, 2005.
366:as the result of studies in
279:A 4000 lb GP bomb, 1943
587:Soviet and Russian GP bombs
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1019:U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
772:comparable to that of the
648:
464:) to 25 unnamed countries.
421:United States Marine Corps
1174:www.nationalmuseum.af.mil
973:– chosen for blast effect
938:(DRDO) has developed the
126:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
1552:(in French). 2023-02-12.
1532:(in French). 2019-10-07.
1487:"Russian Aviation Bombs"
1429:(in Russian). 2024-03-21
940:High Speed Low Drag Bomb
164:(the counterpart to the
945:Munitions India Limited
766:flight control surfaces
578:Modern British GP bombs
413:1967 USS Forrestal fire
64:more precise citations.
1566:. Australian Munitions
1270:(in Greek). 2024-06-24
1194:Gordon, Yefim (2004).
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736:in the 1980s, Soviet
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1616:Clancy, Tom (1996).
1228:"Bombed by Blinders"
615:improve this article
484:with attached kits:
102:general-purpose bomb
825:various nuclear ABs
758:precision munitions
754:Panjshir offensives
659:A 1946 FAB-250 bomb
349:B-52 Stratofortress
1592:on 7 December 2016
1071:. 25 February 2016
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834:ODAB (OD = vacuum)
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417:United States Navy
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1045:. 9 November 2015
831:FZAB; OFZAB, OZAB
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540:Retarded versions
406:collateral damage
239:Historic GP bombs
221:laser-guided bomb
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1136:. 7 March 2016
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568:Mk 84 Retarded
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723:Iran–Iraq War
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138:Composition B
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110:fragmentation
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1665:Aerial bombs
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1618:Fighter Wing
1617:
1609:Bibliography
1594:. Retrieved
1590:the original
1580:
1568:. Retrieved
1558:
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1529:
1520:
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1456:. Retrieved
1454:. 2024-03-22
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1320:. 2024-07-14
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1297:. Retrieved
1295:. 2024-07-14
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1272:. Retrieved
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874:KAB-1500Kr,
778:
720:
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705:
690:
681:
676:
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627:January 2016
624:
613:Please help
608:verification
605:
581:
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561:
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433:
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360:Ed Heinemann
355:
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326:
253:
249:
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218:
205:World War II
201:daisy cutter
194:
185:
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131:
128:weapons bay.
101:
99:
76:
67:
48:
1596:27 December
1570:27 December
1140:14 February
1114:14 February
1075:14 February
1049:14 February
861:KAB-250LG-E
815:FAB-500M-62
811:FAB-500M-54
791:FAB-250M-54
770:glide ratio
734:Afghanistan
716:Warsaw Pact
482:smart bombs
333:Vietnam War
327:During the
62:introducing
1550:Challenges
1458:2024-03-23
1433:2024-03-22
1324:2024-07-15
1299:2024-07-15
1274:2024-07-15
1268:Pronews.gr
1205:1857801881
1024:2020-09-09
978:References
920:Rouvignies
885:ODAB-500PM
857:KAB-250S-E
809:(F = HE);
746:FAB-5000NG
685:supersonic
329:Korean War
190:parachutes
70:April 2009
45:references
1501:"CAT-UXO"
983:Citations
876:KAB-1500L
870:KAB-500Kr
535:Snake Eye
455:bomb body
445:bomb body
209:Luftwaffe
186:retarders
1659:Category
1214:56650196
1179:30 March
960:See also
934:India's
866:KAB-500L
822:FAB-3000
819:FAB-1500
799:KhAB-500
795:KhAB-250
750:FAB-9000
425:ablative
142:Tritonal
1318:YouTube
1248:21 June
1109:UPI.com
924:Sorgues
853:KAB-250
807:FAB-500
788:FAB-100
694:wartime
669:FAB-500
667:A 1954
556:ballute
393:Mark 84
387:Mark 83
381:Mark 82
375:Mark 81
225:Paveway
167:caliber
58:improve
18:Mark 80
1643:
1624:
1212:
1202:
748:, and
519:GBU-31
513:GBU-32
507:GBU-38
501:GBU-24
495:GBU-16
489:GBU-12
449:BDU-56
439:BDU-50
262:Amatol
258:Amatex
207:, the
104:is an
47:, but
889:AVBPM
782:Su-34
525:GBU-X
453:Mk 84
443:Mk 82
266:Minol
213:Stuka
197:fuzes
140:, or
1641:ISBN
1622:ISBN
1598:2016
1572:2016
1452:TASS
1427:TACC
1250:2024
1210:OCLC
1200:ISBN
1181:2024
1142:2017
1116:2017
1077:2017
1051:2017
900:AASM
762:UMPK
740:and
671:bomb
419:and
402:Iraq
368:1946
345:M118
343:and
341:M117
331:and
233:JDAM
179:drag
172:M117
153:and
146:NATO
855:,
846:RBK
813:,
776:.
617:by
462:FMS
362:of
337:M65
270:RDX
229:GPS
144:in
134:TNT
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100:A
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