97:
185:
parachuting and flying gliders, and after graduating from initial training in 1936 he worked as a parachuting instructor there. From 1935 to 1937 he studied at the
Leningrad Polytechnic Institute, where he graduated in 1937. After graduating he worked as an engineer at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute, where he also attended training to become a test pilot, graduating later that year. After becoming a test pilot, he participated in test flights on the
78:
241:, which he made his first sortie on in May 1943 as a co-pilot in the 890th Long-range Aviation Regiment. However, he made only seven sorties on the plane, as he was shot down on 9 June 1943 and forced to bail out over enemy territory. After making contact with the Rognedinsky partisan brigade in the Brynask oblast he was rescued and taken back to Soviet territory, where he returned to working as a test pilot.
218:. While Kuhn was able to fly as far as Vitebsk in his damaged bomber, he was forced to land in Soviet territory, and all four crew members were captured. For the feat he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. From July to September 1941 Gallay totaled ten night sorties on the MiG-3 but gained no further aerial victories. However, he did continue to fly in combat, flying the
285:
on 1 May 1957. The subsequent year he transferred to the reserve with the rank of colonel and returned to working at the Gromov Flight
Research Institute as a senior researcher until 1975, and from 1960 to 1961 he worked on the cosmonaut training program, where he participated in the training of the
289:
In 1959 Gallay became deputy chairman of the methodological council of the
Ministry of Aviation Industry for test flights and assisted in preparation of test flights for new aircraft, including the Tu-144, Tu-154, Il-62, Il-76, and An-22, authoring many scientific papers and receiving his doctorate
184:
was a film director. After completing secondary school when he was sixteen, he started working as a turner at the Krasny
Oktyabr plant. From 1932 to 1935 he studied at the Leningrad Institute of Engineers of the Civil Air Fleet. In 1935 he attended the Leningrad aeroclub, where he practiced
257:, at the time designated as the I-300, in 1946. During one test flight he experienced a close call when his plane went into a sharp dive after it hit compressibility, but by grabbing back the throttles he managed to pull out of the dive. From 1947 to 1949 he worked on tests of the
205:
As a test pilot based in Moscow, Gallay was part of the 2nd
Separate Fighter Air Squadron of Moscow Air Defense Forces. On the night of 21 July 1941, he flew in a sortie with other Moscow pilots to intercept the first Luftwaffe attack on Moscow, where he shot down a
193:, UPO-22. During one test flight of the SB bomber he encountered a birdstrike, causing him to hit his head and losing consciousness before managing to land the plane safety. In 1941 he starting working for the
181:
180:
3 April] 1914 to a Jewish family in Saint
Petersburg. His father Lazar Moiseevich Gallay was an engineer, and his mother Zinaida Alekzandrovna Gallay née Levinson was an actress. His uncle
273:, which tested onboard equipment. There, Gallay conducted tests of new radar systems on Li-2, V-25, MiG-15, I-320, La-200, Yak-25, and other aircraft. In 1955 he started working as a test pilot of
225:
In 1942 he returned to working at the Gromov Flight
Research Institute in 1942, he starting working on test flights for modifications of the Pe-2. He also flew test flights of the
294:, he wrote many memoirs about work as a test pilot as well as biographies of other famous test pilots. He lived in Moscow, where he died on 14 July 1998 and was buried in the
600:
905:
910:
925:
900:
281:, where he made the maiden flight of the 3M on 27 March 1956 and flew tests on the M-4. For his courage in test pilot work he was awarded the title
265:
in 1948 followed by tests of the Yak-20 in 1950. However he was fired from the Gromov Flight
Research Institute later that year as result of the
816:
791:
749:
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663:
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481:
454:
415:
930:
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895:
270:
848:
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194:
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fighter, as well as more tests on Pe-2VI. He also flew in combat on the Pe-2, making 28 sorties on it before moving on to the
141:
177:
161:
43:
353:
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341:
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165:
137:
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65:
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211:
101:
712:
653:
571:
190:
153:
226:
164:
3 April] 1914 — 14 July 1998) was a Soviet test pilot, World War II veteran, and
327:
238:
230:
219:
49:
879:
515:
207:
258:
127:
82:
77:
781:
766:
680:
544:
471:
405:
269:. After being out of work for about a month he managed to find a new job at the
767:""Единица порядочности – один Галлай". 16 апреля – день рождения Марка Галлая"
233:, and in 1944 he participated in tests of an experimental wing design for the
186:
380:
253:
that had been captured from the Nazi military. He also flew tests on the
262:
222:
as a deputy squadron commander in the 128th Bomber
Aviation Regiment.
301:
There is a memorial plaque on the house where he lived in Moscow and
274:
61:
234:
215:
682:Знаменитые еврей: 165 мужчин и женщин : краткие биографии
337:(24 July 1941, 13 June 1942, 19 August 1944, 5 February 1947)
407:
Under Fire: The
Stories of Jewish Heroes of the Soviet Union
871:(in Russian) (2 ed.). Moscow: Фонд «Русские витязи».
599:
on the site «pamyat-naroda.ru» (archive materials of
714:
Escaping the Bonds of Earth: The Fifties and the Sixties
694:
692:
197:, but soon left test pilot work due to World War II.
843:(in Russian). Zhukovsky: Авиационный Печатный Двор.
249:
After the end of World War II he piloted tests on a
862:(in Russian). Zhukovsky: Авиационный Печатный Двор.
133:
123:
115:
107:
88:
71:
55:
38:
28:
21:
741:Air Warfare: an International Encyclopedia: A-L
344:1st class (16 September 1945 and 11 March 1985)
290:of Technical Sciences in 1972. A member of the
381:"МАРК ГАЛЛАЙ: "ВСЕ НАПИСАННОЕ ЗДЕСЬ — ПРАВДА""
330:(29 April 1944, 20 September 1947, 1 May 1957)
8:
628:Sound Barrier: The Rocky Road to MACH 1.0+
18:
906:Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
858:Vasin, Valentin; Simonov, Andrey (2001).
717:. Springer Science & Business Media.
655:Круглый год с литературой. Квартал второй
911:Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
839:Balakov, Igor; Simonov, Andrey (1999).
698:
496:
430:
371:
570:Degtev, Dmitry; Zubov, Dmitry (2021).
214:piloted by Kurt Kuhn while piloting a
176:Gallay was born on 16 April [
7:
538:
536:
509:
507:
505:
473:Tupolev SB: Soviet High Speed Bomber
926:Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
765:Yemelyanov, Ilya (16 April 2020).
14:
652:Krasukhin, Gennady (2016-09-06).
901:Recipients of the Order of Lenin
809:Dictionary of Minor Planet Names
195:Gromov Flight Research Institute
95:
76:
573:Air Battle for Moscow 1941–1942
321:Honoured Test Pilot of the USSR
142:Honoured Test Pilot of the USSR
1:
786:(in Russian). Москвоведение.
443:Savinsky, Yuri (2014-02-20).
354:Order of the Badge of Honour
292:Union of Writers of the USSR
931:Soviet Jews in the military
869:Заслуженные испытатели СССР
679:Broitman, Emmanuil (1997).
359:campaign and jubilee medals
947:
916:Soviet World War II pilots
896:Heroes of the Soviet Union
543:Khazanov, Dmitriy (2013).
342:Order of the Patriotic War
267:anti-cosmopolitan campaign
261:, as well as tests of the
783:Мемориальные доски Москвы
744:. ABC-CLIO. p. 248.
738:Boyne, Walter J. (2002).
685:(in Russian). Vneshsigma.
549:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
546:MiG-3 Aces of World War 2
476:. Icarus Aviation Press.
404:Shapiro, Gershon (1988).
157:
867:Simonov, Andrey (2015).
470:Maslov, Mikhail (2004).
315:Hero of the Soviet Union
296:Troyekurovskoye Cemetery
283:Hero of the Soviet Union
166:Hero of the Soviet Union
138:Hero of the Soviet Union
807:Schmadel, Lutz (2012).
625:Caygill, Peter (2006).
516:"Галлай Марк Лазаревич"
335:Order of the Red Banner
305:is named in his honor.
658:(in Russian). Litres.
449:(in Russian). Триумф.
150:Mark Lazarevich Gallay
46:3 April] 1914
780:Peskov, Oleg (2009).
348:Order of the Red Star
160:; 16 April [
158:Марк Лазаревич Галлай
108:Years of service
33:Марк Лазаревич Галлай
279:Vladimir Myasishchev
711:Evans, Ben (2010).
286:Vostok cosmonauts.
42:16 April [
921:Soviet test pilots
379:Mamedov, Afanasy.
323:(17 February 1959)
66:Russian Federation
48:Saint Petersburg,
818:978-3-642-29717-5
793:978-5-7853-1081-0
751:978-1-57607-345-2
724:978-0-387-79094-7
665:978-5-04-022906-2
638:978-1-4738-1843-9
631:. Pen and Sword.
583:978-1-5267-7447-7
556:978-1-78096-029-6
514:Simonov, Andrey.
483:978-0-9724527-1-7
456:978-5-89392-599-9
417:978-965-308-004-1
212:Kampfgeschwader 3
147:
146:
16:Soviet test pilot
938:
872:
863:
854:
841:Испытатели МиГов
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499:, p. 54-55.
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102:Soviet Air Force
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356:(13 April 1984)
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227:Shvetsov ASh-82
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60:
47:
34:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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860:Испытатели ЛИИ
855:
849:
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831:
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817:
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410:. Yad Vashem.
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385:www.lechaim.ru
370:
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351:
350:(31 July 1948)
345:
338:
331:
328:Order of Lenin
324:
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303:a minor planet
246:
243:
229:engine on the
220:Petlyakov Pe-2
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50:Russian Empire
40:
36:
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32:
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26:
25:
22:
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13:
10:
9:
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3:
2:
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850:5-93705-001-0
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769:(in Russian).
768:
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701:, p. 55.
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576:. Air World.
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446:Мир вертолета
439:
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433:, p. 54.
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208:Dornier Do 17
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828:
811:. Springer.
808:
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733:
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706:
699:Simonov 2015
681:
674:
654:
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627:
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592:
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565:
545:
524:. Retrieved
522:(in Russian)
520:warheroes.ru
519:
497:Simonov 2015
492:
472:
465:
445:
438:
431:Simonov 2015
426:
406:
399:
388:. Retrieved
384:
374:
362:
317:(1 May 1957)
300:
288:
277:, headed by
259:Tupolev Tu-4
248:
224:
204:
182:Oskar Gallay
175:
149:
148:
128:World War II
124:Battles/wars
83:Soviet Union
59:14 July 1998
891:1998 deaths
886:1914 births
29:Native name
23:Mark Gallay
880:Categories
833:Literature
609:оп. 682524
597:Award list
526:2023-05-20
390:2023-05-17
366:References
187:Tupolev SB
172:Early life
72:Allegiance
111:1941–1958
89:Service/
829:
245:Postwar
154:Russian
119:Colonel
847:
815:
790:
748:
721:
662:
635:
613:д. 194
580:
553:
480:
453:
414:
326:Three
309:Awards
275:OKB-23
271:NII-17
251:Me 163
201:Combat
134:Awards
91:branch
62:Moscow
605:ф. 33
601:TsAMO
333:Four
263:I-215
255:MiG-9
235:Yak-7
216:MiG-3
191:Yer-2
845:ISBN
813:ISBN
788:ISBN
746:ISBN
719:ISBN
660:ISBN
633:ISBN
578:ISBN
551:ISBN
478:ISBN
451:ISBN
412:ISBN
340:Two
239:Pe-8
231:La-5
178:O.S.
162:O.S.
116:Rank
56:Died
44:O.S.
39:Born
210:of
882::
691:^
615:)
611:,
607:,
603:,
535:^
518:.
504:^
383:.
298:.
189:,
168:.
156::
64:,
853:.
821:.
796:.
754:.
727:.
668:.
641:.
586:.
559:.
529:.
486:.
459:.
420:.
393:.
152:(
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