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outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth. The study also found that hadrosaurs likely grazed on horsetails and vegetation close to the ground, rather than browsing higher-growing leaves and twigs. However, Purnell said these conclusions were less secure than the more conclusive evidence regarding the motion of teeth while chewing.
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jaw, the team determined hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today's mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur's upper jaws pushed
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analysis, Purnell uncovered unequivocal evidence that conodont elements had performed a mechanical tooth function in life, resolving a palaeobiological debate that had run for more than a century. His work has expanded in recent years to analysing feeding mechanisms of extinct
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Purnell, M. A., Hart, P. J. B., Baines, D. C. and Bell, M. A. 2006. Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in threespine stickleback: a new approach to analysis of trophic ecology in aquatic vertebrates.
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Purnell, M. A., Bell, M. A., Baines, D. C., Hart, P. J. B. and Travis, M. P. 2007. Correlated evolution and dietary change in fossil stickleback.
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Purnell, M. A. and
Donoghue, P. C. J. 1998. Architecture and functional morphology of the skeletal apparatus of ozarkodinid conodonts.
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Purnell, M. A. 2002. Feeding in extinct jawless heterostracan fishes and testing scenarios of early vertebrate evolution.
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Purnell, M. A. and von Bitter, P. H. 1992. Blade-shaped conodont elements functioned as cutting teeth.
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Purnell, M. A. 1995. Microwear on conodont elements and macrophagy in the first vertebrates.
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more generally, exploiting microwear, including validation studies based on extant
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elements. Using conventional functional morphology, physical modelling and
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PlanetEarth Online (Natural
Environment Research Council)
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Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London, Series B
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190:in 2006 and served as Vice-President of the
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439:Academics of the University of Leicester
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199:study into the chewing methods and diet
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345:"Teeth scratches reveal dinosaur menu"
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434:Alumni of Newcastle University
353:. 30 June 2009. Archived from
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197:In 2009, Purnell conducted a
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329:Journal of Animal Ecology
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419:British palaeontologists
182:Purnell was awarded the
147:Purnell is an expert in
49:University of Nottingham
209:species of duck-billed
142:University of Leicester
94:University of Leicester
53:University of Newcastle
381:"How dinosaurs chewed"
215:Late Cretaceous period
424:Conodont specialists
130:Mark Andrew Purnell
22:Mark Andrew Purnell
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110:Doctoral students
74:Scientific career
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90:Institutions
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377:Boyle, Alan
184:Hinde Medal
177:stickleback
173:vertebrates
114:Ivan Sansom
63:Hinde Medal
28:Nationality
413:Categories
234:References
334:: 967-977
285:: 798-800
253:: 629-631
213:from the
211:dinosaurs
207:herbivore
168:microwear
269:: 57-102
164:conodont
149:conodont
312:Science
301:: 83-88
186:of the
140:at the
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397:3 June
361:3 June
317:: 1887
280:Nature
248:Nature
179:fish.
80:Fields
59:Awards
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399:2009
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