49:
1847:& Co. brokers. In turn, Jones & Co. may hold 1000 shares of Coca-Cola on behalf of Mr. Smith and nine other customers. These 1000 shares are held by Jones & Co. in an account with Goldman Sachs, a DTC participant, or in an account at another DTC participant. Goldman Sachs in turn may hold millions of Coca-Cola shares on its books on behalf of hundreds of brokers similar to Jones & Co. Each day, the DTC participants settle their accounts with the other DTC participants and adjust the number of shares held on their books for the benefit of customers like Jones & Co. Ownership of securities in this fashion is called
469:
3653:
3551:
1779:
1747:
1264:
fractional part of the issuer. Unlike debt securities, which typically require regular payments (interest) to the holder, equity securities are not entitled to any payment. In bankruptcy, they share only in the residual interest of the issuer after all obligations have been paid out to creditors. However, equity generally entitles the holder to a pro rata portion of control of the company, meaning that a holder of a majority of the equity is usually entitled to control the issuer. Equity also enjoys the right to
3830:
3860:
3743:
3698:
3566:
3713:
3587:
3536:
3521:
1573:, or aftermarket that provides liquidity for the investment security—where holders of securities can sell them to other investors for cash. Otherwise, few people would purchase primary issues, and, thus, companies and governments would be restricted in raising equity capital (money) for their operations. Organized exchanges constitute the main secondary markets. Many smaller issues and most debt securities trade in the decentralized, dealer-based
3890:
3728:
3845:
3935:
3905:
3815:
3638:
3450:
3440:
3430:
3580:
3965:
3601:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3808:
3594:
3460:
2920:
2910:
3137:
3758:
3950:
3920:
3773:
3573:
3875:
3683:
3668:
3623:
3608:
991:, but its legal definition varies by jurisdiction. In some countries and languages people commonly use the term "security" to refer to any form of financial instrument, even though the underlying legal and regulatory regime may not have such a broad definition. In some jurisdictions the term specifically excludes financial instruments other than
1585:
Market
Association. The Financial Information Services Division of the Software and Information Industry Association (FISD/SIIA) represents a round-table of market data industry firms, referring to them as Consumers, Exchanges, and Vendors. In India the equivalent organisation is the securities exchange board of India (SEBI).
1843:(DTCC), is a non-profit cooperative owned by approximately thirty of the largest Wall Street players that typically act as brokers or dealers in securities. These thirty banks are called the DTC participants. DTC, through a legal nominee, owns each of the global securities on behalf of all the DTC participants.
1584:
organization for securities dealers is the
International Capital Market Association. In the U.S., the principal trade organization for securities dealers is the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, which is the result of the merger of the Securities Industry Association and the Bond
1552:
An initial public offering is when a company issues public stock newly to investors, called an "IPO" for short. A company can later issue more new shares, or issue shares that have been previously registered in a shelf registration. These later new issues are also sold in the primary market, but they
1854:
Among brokerages and mutual fund companies, a large amount of mutual fund share transactions take place among intermediaries as opposed to shares being sold and redeemed directly with the transfer agent of the fund. Most of these intermediaries such as brokerage firms clear the shares electronically
1754:
Bearer securities are completely negotiable and entitle the holder to the rights under the security (e.g., to payment if it is a debt security, and voting if it is an equity security). They are transferred by delivering the instrument from person to person. In some cases, transfer is by endorsement,
1488:
in securities to A, either at inception (transfer of title) or only in default (non-transfer-of-title institutional). For institutional loans, property rights are not transferred but nevertheless enable A to satisfy its claims in case B fails to make good on its obligations to A or otherwise becomes
1263:
An equity security is a share of equity interest in an entity such as the capital stock of a company, trust or partnership. The most common form of equity interest is common stock, although preferred equity is also a form of capital stock. The holder of an equity is a shareholder, owning a share, or
1186:
represent the debt of commercial or industrial entities. Debentures have a long maturity, typically at least ten years, whereas notes have a shorter maturity. Commercial paper is a simple form of debt security that essentially represents a post-dated cheque with a maturity of not more than 270 days.
1925:
and Sec. 3(a)(10) of the 34 act) the US Courts have developed a broad definition for securities that must then be registered with the SEC. When determining if there is an "investment contract" that must be registered the courts look for an investment of money, a common enterprise and expectation of
1786:
In the case of registered securities, certificates bearing the name of the holder are issued, but these merely represent the securities. A person does not automatically acquire legal ownership by having possession of the certificate. Instead, the issuer (or its appointed agent) maintains a register
1173:
depending on their maturity, collateral and other characteristics. The holder of a debt security is typically entitled to the payment of principal and interest, together with other contractual rights under the terms of the issue, such as the right to receive certain information. Debt securities are
1132:
Securities are the traditional method used by commercial enterprises to raise new capital. They may offer an attractive alternative to bank loans - depending on their pricing and market demand for particular characteristics. A disadvantage of bank loans as a source of financing is that the bank may
1846:
All securities traded through DTC are in fact held, in electronic form, on the books of various intermediaries between the ultimate owner, e.g., a retail investor, and the DTC participants. For example, Mr. Smith may hold 100 shares of Coca-Cola, Inc. in his brokerage account at local broker Jones
1291:
form an intermediate class of security between equities and debt. If the issuer is liquidated, preference shareholders have the right to receive interest or a return of capital prior to ordinary shareholders. However, from a legal perspective, preference shares are capital stocks and therefore may
1312:
are options issued by the company that allow the holder of the warrant to purchase a specific number of shares at a specified price within a specified time. They are often issued together with bonds or existing equities, and are, sometimes, detachable from them and separately tradeable. When the
1878:
With undivided securities, the entire issue makes up one single asset, with each of the securities being a fractional part of this undivided whole. Shares in the secondary markets are always undivided. The issuer owes only one set of obligations to shareholders under its memorandum, articles of
1834:
To facilitate the electronic transfer of interests in securities without dealing with inconsistent versions of
Article 8, a system has developed whereby issuers deposit a single global certificate representing all the outstanding securities of a class or series with a universal depository. This
1627:
Growth in informal electronic trading systems has challenged the traditional business of stock exchanges. Large volumes of securities are also bought and sold "over the counter" (OTC). OTC dealing involves buyers and sellers dealing with each other by telephone or electronically on the basis of
1211:
are securities issued internationally outside their domestic market in a denomination different from that of the issuer's domicile. They include eurobonds and euronotes. Eurobonds are characteristically underwritten, and not secured, and interest is paid gross. A euronote may take the form of
1737:
Securities may also be held in the Direct
Registration System (DRS), which is a method of recording shares of stock in book-entry form. Book-entry means the company's transfer agent maintains the shares on the owner's behalf without the need for physical share certificates. Shares held in
1133:
seek a measure of protection against default by the borrower via extensive financial covenants. Through securities, capital is provided by investors who purchase the securities upon their initial issuance. In a similar way, a government may issue securities when it chooses to increase
1066:, alternative debentures, government and public securities, warrants, certificates representing certain securities, units, stakeholder pension schemes, personal pension schemes, rights to or interests in investments, and anything that may be admitted to the Official List.
1769:
In
Luxembourg, the law of 28 July 2014 concerning the compulsory deposit and immobilization of shares and units in bearer form adopts the compulsory deposit and immobilization of bearer shares and units with a depositary allowing identification of the holders thereof.
1557:
to assist them in administering the IPO, obtaining SEC (or other regulatory body) approval of the offering filing, and selling the new issue. When the investment bank buys the entire new issue from the issuer at a discount to resell it at a markup, it is called a
1624:, an organized and officially recognized market on which securities can be bought and sold. Issuers may seek listings for their securities to attract investors, by ensuring there is a liquid and regulated market that investors can buy and sell securities in.
2143:
commonly known as a 'security'; or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing; but shall not include currency or any note, draft,
1874:
Each divided security constitutes a separate asset, which is legally distinct from each other security in the same issue. Pre-electronic bearer securities were divided. Each instrument constitutes the separate covenant of the issuer and is a separate debt.
1696:
London is the centre of the eurosecurities markets. There was a huge rise in the eurosecurities market in London in the early 1980s. Settlement of trades in eurosecurities is currently effected through two
European computerized clearing/depositories called
1531:
Collateral and sources of collateral are changing, in 2012 gold became a more acceptable form of collateral. By 2015, recently
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) previously seen by many as unpromising had started to become more readily available and acceptable.
1306:, and the issuer calls the bond. The bondholder has about one month to convert it, or the company will call the bond by giving the holder the call price, which may be less than the value of the converted stock. This is referred to as a forced conversion.
1218:
are medium or long term debt securities issued by sovereign governments or their agencies. Typically they carry a lower rate of interest than corporate bonds, and serve as a source of finance for governments. U.S. federal government bonds are called
1522:
Of the three, transfer-of-title loans have fallen into the very high-risk category as the number of providers has dwindled as regulators have launched an industry-wide crackdown on transfer-of-title structures where the private lender may sell or
1316:
Warrants, like other convertible securities, increases the number of shares outstanding, and are always accounted for in financial reports as fully diluted earnings per share, which assumes that all warrants and convertibles will be exercised.
1276:
regardless of how well the issuer performs financially. Furthermore, debt securities do not have voting rights outside of bankruptcy. In other words, equity holders are entitled to the "upside" of the business and to control the business.
1129:. A country's regulatory structure determines what qualifies as a security. For example, private investment pools may have some features of securities, but they may not be registered or regulated as such if they meet various restrictions.
1663:
Securities
Services refers to the products and services that are offered to institutional clients that issue, trade, and hold securities. The bank engaged in securities services are usually called a custodian bank. Market players include
1906:(SEC) or are offered and sold pursuant to an exemption therefrom. Dealing in securities is regulated by both federal authorities (SEC) and state securities departments. In addition, the brokerage industry is supposedly self policed by
1605:. Privately placed securities are not publicly tradable and may only be bought and sold by sophisticated qualified investors. As a result, the secondary market is not nearly as liquid as it is for public (registered) securities.
1174:
generally issued for a fixed term and redeemable by the issuer at the end of that term. Debt securities may be protected by collateral or may be unsecured, and, if they are unsecured, may be contractually "senior" to other
1527:
the securities to fund the loan. Institutionally managed consumer securities-based loans on the other hand, draw loan funds from the financial resources of the lending institution, not from the sale of the securities.
2324:
1377:
Region or country (such as country of incorporation, country of principal sales/market of its products or services, or country in which the principal securities exchange where it trades is located)
1545:
Public securities markets are either primary or secondary markets. In the primary market, the money for the securities is received by the issuer of the securities from investors, typically in an
1795:
Modern practice has developed to eliminate both the need for certificates and maintenance of a complete security register by the issuer. There are two general ways this has been accomplished.
1894:
Sometimes securities are not fungible with other securities, for example different series of bonds issued by the same company at different times with different conditions attaching to them.
1302:
that can be converted, at the election of the holder of the convertibles, into the ordinary shares of the issuing company. The convertibility, however, may be forced if the convertible is a
1464:
may also offer control of the business of the issuer. Debt holdings may also offer some measure of control to the investor if the company is a fledgling start-up or an old giant undergoing
2317:
1851:. Each intermediary holds on behalf of someone beneath him in the chain. The ultimate owner is called the beneficial owner. This is also referred to as owning in "Street name".
3433:
1515:
Transfer-of-Title (ToT) Loans, typically provided by private parties where borrower ownership is completely extinguished save for the rights provided in the loan contract; and
2131:, or group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national
1549:(IPO). In the secondary market, the securities are simply assets held by one investor selling them to another investor, with the money going from one investor to the other.
1758:
Regulatory and fiscal authorities sometimes regard bearer securities negatively, as they may be used to facilitate the evasion of regulatory restrictions and tax. In the
2310:
3496:
1826:) have enacted some form of Article 8, many of them still appear to use older versions of Article 8, including some that did not permit non-certificated securities.
1022:, meaning they entitle the holder to rights only if they appear on a security register maintained by the issuer or an intermediary. They include shares of corporate
1647:
There are also eurosecurities, which are securities that are issued outside their domestic market into more than one jurisdiction. They are generally listed on the
1787:
in which details of the holder of the securities are entered and updated as appropriate. A transfer of registered securities is effected by amending the register.
1501:
are significant collateral takers as well as providers. In addition, private parties may utilize stocks or other securities as collateral for portfolio loans in
1961:
1921:
With respect to investment schemes that do not fall within the traditional categories of securities listed in the definition of a security (Sec. 2(a)(1) of the
1708:
The main market for
Eurobonds is the EuroMTS, owned by Borsa Italiana and Euronext. There are ramp up market in Emergent countries, but it is growing slowly.
3410:
966:
3314:
1981:
1840:
1766:
1947 until 1953. Bearer securities are very rare in the United States because of the negative tax implications they may have to the issuer and holder.
1468:. In these cases, if interest payments are missed, the creditors may take control of the company and liquidate it to recover some of their investment.
1803:
In some jurisdictions, such as France, it is possible for issuers of that jurisdiction to maintain a legal record of their securities electronically.
48:
2152:
at the time of issuance of not exceeding nine months, exclusive of days of grace, or any renewal thereof the maturity of which is likewise limited."
1911:
1903:
1497:
and outright collateral transfers. Commonly, commercial banks, investment banks, government agencies and other institutional investors such as
1512:
Standard
Institutional Loans, generally offering low loan-to-value with very strict call and coverage regimens, akin to standard margin loans;
3014:
2956:
1915:
833:
1518:
Non-Transfer-of-Title Credit Line facilities where shares are not sold and they serve as assets in a standard lien-type line of cash credit.
3489:
439:
331:
1902:
In the US, the public offer and sale of securities must be either registered pursuant to a registration statement that is filed with the
326:
1460:. Debt securities generally offer a higher rate of interest than bank deposits, and equities may offer the prospect of capital growth.
351:
2201:
2180:
3687:
2791:
1313:
holder of the warrant exercises it, he pays the money directly to the company, and the company issues new shares to the holder.
1237:, represent the debt of state, provincial, territorial, municipal or other governmental units other than sovereign governments.
3482:
2059:
959:
3864:
2704:
1252:
1198:
1007:
808:
346:
341:
3879:
2850:
1883:
represents an undivided fractional part of the issuing company. Registered debt securities also have this undivided nature.
2181:"CME Clearing Europe collateral types to include gold bullion | Securities Lending Times news | securitieslendingtimes.com"
1814:
permits non-certificated securities. However, the "official" UCC is a mere draft that must be enacted individually by each
3991:
1006:
Securities may be represented by a certificate or, more typically, they may be "non-certificated", that is in electronic (
935:
757:
3453:
3288:
2644:
1907:
1836:
1601:. Sometimes a combination of the two is used. The distinction between the two is important to securities regulation and
1559:
1685:
1655:. The reasons for listing eurobonds include regulatory and tax considerations, as well as the investment restrictions.
3276:
2761:
2132:
2101:
2040:
1248:
1178:
meaning their holders would have a priority in a bankruptcy of the issuer. Debt that is not senior is "subordinated".
1051:
483:
1205:. They are highly liquid and are sometimes referred to as "near cash". Commercial paper is also often highly liquid.
1038:
or other options, limited partnership units, and various other formal investment instruments that are negotiable and
3969:
2987:
2724:
1574:
999:
instruments. In some jurisdictions it includes some instruments that are close to equities and fixed income, e.g.,
952:
709:
125:
3415:
3359:
3078:
2949:
2895:
2880:
2870:
2709:
2524:
1996:
1648:
818:
2202:"Markit makes its ETF mark with big market players | Securities Lending Times news | securitieslendingtimes.com"
3909:
3642:
3252:
3122:
2913:
2890:
2828:
2654:
2579:
2539:
2519:
2086:
432:
321:
3262:
3657:
3555:
3525:
3505:
3257:
3221:
3082:
2624:
2614:
2584:
2554:
2494:
1811:
1562:. However, if the investment bank considers the risk too great for an underwriting, it may only assent to a
1546:
1508:
On the consumer level, loans against securities have grown into three distinct groups over the last decade:
1371:
1329:
638:
236:
115:
3702:
3364:
3161:
3034:
3010:
2865:
2766:
2629:
2467:
2437:
2112:
2011:
1966:
1922:
1778:
1452:
The traditional economic function of the purchase of securities is investment, with the view to receiving
1406:
1194:
783:
158:
30:
This article is about the negotiable instrument. For the legal right given to a creditor by a debtor, see
1738:
un-certificated book-entry form have the same rights and privileges as shares held in certificated form.
1721:
Securities that are represented in paper (physical) form are called certificated securities. They may be
1223:
Because of their liquidity and perceived low risk, treasuries are used to manage the money supply in the
3996:
3747:
3717:
3672:
3389:
3047:
3019:
3000:
2781:
1928:
1629:
1563:
1380:
1224:
915:
828:
316:
1863:
Besides DTC, two other large securities depositories exist, both in Europe: Euroclear and Clearstream.
1891:
In a fungible security, all holdings of the security are treated identically and are interchangeable.
3627:
3443:
3294:
3206:
3042:
3024:
2942:
2803:
2798:
2140:
2098:
1991:
1986:
1956:
1848:
1819:
1477:
1102:
988:
762:
665:
374:
271:
80:
2066:
1746:
1553:
are not considered to be an IPO but are often called a "secondary offering". Issuers usually retain
3924:
3579:
3474:
3463:
3349:
3176:
3151:
2753:
1823:
1405:, i.e., by financial institutions acting on their own account, or on behalf of clients. Important
1265:
1055:
940:
425:
1480:. Purchasing securities with borrowed money secured by other securities or cash itself is called "
1018:, meaning they entitle the holder to rights under the security merely by holding the security, or
3939:
3834:
3374:
3319:
3231:
2923:
2835:
2818:
2776:
2699:
2691:
2477:
2462:
2337:
2149:
1976:
1971:
1641:
1502:
930:
888:
873:
843:
767:
695:
612:
478:
356:
299:
153:
468:
2032:
3762:
3097:
3073:
3057:
2995:
2855:
2840:
2771:
2714:
2659:
2634:
2604:
2594:
2504:
2487:
2408:
2403:
2363:
2358:
2345:
2333:
1598:
1494:
1441:
1359:
1162:
1092:
1000:
863:
858:
848:
793:
619:
587:
406:
401:
31:
1597:. Alternatively, they may be offered privately to a limited number of qualified persons in a
1292:
entitle the holders to some degree of control depending on whether they carry voting rights.
3266:
3201:
2813:
2808:
2719:
2674:
2574:
2472:
2393:
2378:
2353:
2145:
2128:
1951:
1570:
1481:
1461:
1334:
1244:
1202:
1170:
1114:
1110:
1106:
992:
910:
905:
878:
748:
724:
719:
680:
660:
624:
572:
460:
391:
386:
381:
219:
173:
168:
120:
110:
98:
2302:
2163:
1193:
are short term debt instruments that may have characteristics of deposit accounts, such as
3954:
3405:
3309:
3299:
3280:
3247:
3171:
3166:
3102:
3087:
2875:
2786:
2739:
2729:
2664:
2589:
2559:
2509:
2457:
2429:
2373:
2167:
1880:
1594:
1581:
1554:
1524:
1410:
1299:
1285:
Hybrid securities combine some of the characteristics of both debt and equity securities.
1166:
1134:
1070:
984:
868:
853:
813:
629:
567:
528:
523:
411:
311:
286:
266:
254:
241:
231:
196:
148:
3849:
3732:
3712:
3304:
3284:
3052:
3005:
2823:
2734:
2078:
2074:
2006:
1941:
1759:
1621:
1609:
1485:
1437:
1234:
1182:
1175:
1158:
1118:
1082:
1031:
883:
788:
738:
700:
592:
539:
533:
513:
508:
396:
361:
306:
201:
191:
163:
70:
3985:
3819:
3535:
3520:
3379:
3354:
3344:
3270:
3118:
2442:
2070:
1807:
1637:
1465:
1426:
1353:
1325:
Securities may be classified according to many categories or classification systems:
1303:
1023:
823:
798:
650:
597:
1871:
The terms "divided" and "undivided" relate to the proprietary nature of a security.
1762:, for example, the issue of bearer securities was heavily restricted firstly by the
1398:, i.e., members of the public investing personally, other than by way of business.
3889:
3727:
3384:
3339:
3226:
3211:
3092:
2681:
2529:
2514:
2388:
1914:(FINRA), formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers (or NASD), or the
1457:
1418:
1269:
1096:
1035:
996:
925:
900:
670:
562:
557:
548:
518:
105:
2285:
3894:
3844:
3829:
3586:
3216:
3156:
3136:
2639:
2609:
2452:
2383:
2120:
1855:
through the National Securities Clearing Corp. or "NSCC", a subsidiary of DTCC.
1702:
1681:
1669:
1602:
1498:
1422:
1039:
1027:
920:
733:
690:
685:
675:
582:
499:
261:
130:
1484:". Where A is owed a debt or other obligation by B, A may require B to deliver
2965:
2885:
2845:
2649:
2599:
2569:
2447:
2368:
2116:
2105:
1815:
1665:
1490:
1011:
281:
276:
206:
3934:
3904:
3859:
3814:
3637:
3369:
2982:
2860:
2619:
2482:
2090:
2082:
1698:
1429:
who trades with other broker-dealers, rather than with the retail investor.
1414:
1402:
1272:, whereas holders of debt securities receive only interest and repayment of
1154:
1086:
1063:
75:
1566:, where the investment bank will simply do its best to sell the new issue.
1366:, whereas "industry" often refers to a lower level classification, such as
17:
3964:
3612:
3600:
2669:
2564:
2549:
2136:
2124:
2108:
1362:". ("Sector" often refers to a higher level or broader category, such as
1078:
645:
65:
1493:. Collateral arrangements are divided into two broad categories, namely
1476:
The last decade has seen an enormous growth in the use of securities as
1145:
Securities are traditionally divided into debt securities and equities.
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3757:
3565:
2499:
1946:
1633:
1433:
1401:
In distinction, the greatest part of investment in terms of volume, is
895:
838:
336:
3949:
3919:
3807:
3772:
3742:
3697:
3593:
3572:
3540:
1652:
1593:
In the primary markets, securities may be offered to the public in a
1453:
1395:
1345:
1126:
2104:, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share,
3874:
3682:
3667:
3652:
3622:
3607:
3550:
2398:
2094:
1777:
1612:, is generally sold by auction to a specialized class of dealers.
577:
226:
85:
1677:
1673:
1273:
803:
3478:
2938:
2306:
1125:
The company or other entity issuing the security is called the
1058:
for the regulation of financial markets; the definition in its
2934:
2001:
1243:
represent the debt of international organizations such as the
2222:
1385:
State (typically for municipal or "tax-free" bonds in the US)
1212:
euro-commercial paper (ECP) or euro-certificates of deposit.
1421:
and other managed funds. The "wholesaler" is typically an
1926:
profits to come primarily from the efforts of others. See
1073:
of any kind. Securities can be broadly categorized into:
2243:
1830:
Global certificates, book entry interests, depositories
2264:
1810:, the current "official" version of Article 8 of the
1755:
or signing the back of the instrument, and delivery.
1628:
prices that are displayed electronically, usually by
3398:
3332:
3240:
3194:
3185:
3144:
3111:
3066:
3033:
2981:
2972:
2752:
2690:
2538:
2428:
2417:
2344:
1791:
Non-certificated securities and global certificates
2085:, certificate of interest or participation in any
1569:For the primary market to thrive, there must be a
1374:for a discussion of some classification systems.)
1069:In the United States, a "security" is a tradable
1062:of the term "security" applies only to equities,
1034:issued by corporations or governmental agencies,
3506:Largest stock exchanges by market capitalization
3490:
2950:
2318:
1962:History of private equity and venture capital
960:
433:
8:
3434:Alternative investment management companies
3411:Standards Board for Alternative Investments
1841:Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation
3497:
3483:
3475:
3459:
3315:Taxation of private equity and hedge funds
3191:
2978:
2957:
2943:
2935:
2919:
2909:
2425:
2325:
2311:
2303:
1982:Securities regulation in the United States
987:. The term commonly refers to any form of
967:
953:
451:
440:
426:
36:
1745:
2024:
1912:Financial Industry Regulatory Authority
1904:U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
1818:. Though all 50 states (as well as the
775:
747:
708:
605:
547:
498:
459:
39:
3015:fixed-income relative-value investing
2148:, or banker's acceptance which has a
2089:or in any oil, gas, or other mineral
1916:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
1782:1981 $ 10,000 15.875% Registered Note
7:
1887:Fungible and non-fungible securities
1705:(formerly Cedelbank) in Luxembourg.
1616:Listing and over-the-counter dealing
332:Residential mortgage-backed security
327:Commercial mortgage-backed security
1589:Public offer and private placement
352:Collateralized mortgage obligation
25:
2166:, Hypertextual Finance Glossary (
1620:Securities are often listed in a
1432:This distinction carries over to
3963:
3948:
3933:
3918:
3903:
3888:
3873:
3858:
3843:
3828:
3813:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3778:
3771:
3756:
3741:
3726:
3711:
3696:
3688:National Stock Exchange of India
3681:
3666:
3651:
3636:
3621:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3549:
3534:
3519:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3135:
2918:
2908:
2204:. www.securitieslendingtimes.com
2183:. www.securitieslendingtimes.com
1046:United Kingdom and United States
1014:only" form. Certificates may be
467:
47:
2060:Securities Exchange Act of 1934
1879:association and company law. A
1394:Investors in securities may be
710:Over-the-counter (off-exchange)
3865:Australian Securities Exchange
2705:Debtor-in-possession financing
1867:Divided and undivided security
1253:multilateral development banks
1231:Sub-sovereign government bonds
1199:Accelerated Return Notes (ARN)
1153:Debt securities may be called
347:Collateralized fund obligation
342:Collateralized debt obligation
1:
2288:. Law.cornell.edu. 2004-03-15
1908:self-regulatory organizations
936:Sustainable development goals
237:Initial public offering (IPO)
126:Over-the-counter market (OTC)
3289:security characteristic line
2645:Staggered board of directors
2111:, voting-trust certificate,
1837:The Depository Trust Company
1750:1969 $ 100,000 Treasury Bill
1560:firm commitment underwriting
1541:Primary and secondary market
3277:Capital asset pricing model
2996:Capital structure arbitrage
2762:Accretion/dilution analysis
2041:Financial Conduct Authority
1799:Non-certificated securities
1249:International Monetary Fund
1052:Financial Conduct Authority
1050:In the United Kingdom, the
4013:
3970:Stock Exchange of Thailand
3079:Commodity trading advisors
2725:Leveraged recapitalization
1651:or admitted to listing in
1632:such as SuperDerivatives,
1054:functions as the national
272:Exchange-traded fund (ETF)
29:
3512:
3424:
3416:Managed Funds Association
3360:High-net-worth individual
3133:
2904:
2896:Valuation using multiples
2881:Sum-of-the-parts analysis
2851:Modigliani–Miller theorem
2710:Dividend recapitalization
2525:Secondary market offering
1997:Stock market data systems
1649:Luxembourg Stock Exchange
1227:of non-US central banks.
819:Diversification (finance)
3910:Indonesia Stock Exchange
3643:Hong Kong Stock Exchange
3253:Arbitrage pricing theory
2914:List of investment banks
2829:Free cash flow to equity
2655:Super-majority amendment
2580:Management due diligence
2520:Seasoned equity offering
2087:profit-sharing agreement
1839:, or DTC. DTC's parent,
1330:Currency of denomination
1191:Money market instruments
322:Mortgage-backed security
27:Tradable financial asset
3658:Shenzhen Stock Exchange
3556:Shanghai Stock Exchange
3526:New York Stock Exchange
3365:Institutional investors
3258:Assets under management
3083:managed futures account
2625:Shareholder rights plan
2615:Post-merger integration
2585:Managerial entrenchment
2555:Contingent value rights
2495:Initial public offering
2246:. sifma.org. 2012-05-10
2062:defines a security as:
1812:Uniform Commercial Code
1717:Certificated securities
1547:initial public offering
1407:institutional investors
1233:, known in the U.S. as
1195:certificates of deposit
1077:Debt securities (e.g.,
116:Foreign exchange market
3703:Toronto Stock Exchange
3390:Sovereign wealth funds
3162:High-frequency trading
3011:Fixed income arbitrage
2767:Adjusted present value
2630:Special-purpose entity
2468:Direct public offering
2438:At-the-market offering
2154:
2115:, for a security, any
2113:certificate of deposit
2012:Trading account assets
1967:List of finance topics
1923:Securities Act of 1933
1783:
1751:
1630:financial data vendors
1364:Consumer Discretionary
1358:Industrial sector or "
1225:open market operations
784:Alternative investment
159:Inflation-indexed bond
3880:BME Spanish Exchanges
3748:Taiwan Stock Exchange
3718:London Stock Exchange
3673:Bombay Stock Exchange
3232:Structured securities
3048:Distressed securities
3020:Statistical arbitrage
3006:Equity market neutral
3001:Convertible arbitrage
2782:Conglomerate discount
2139:, or in general, any
2063:
1929:SEC v. W.J. Howey Co.
1835:depository is called
1781:
1774:Registered securities
1749:
1564:best effort agreement
1381:Market capitalization
916:Investment management
829:Environmental finance
317:Asset-backed security
3992:Securities (finance)
3628:Tokyo Stock Exchange
3350:Financial endowments
3295:Fundamental analysis
3043:Shareholder activism
3025:Volatility arbitrage
2804:Economic value added
2799:Discounted cash flow
2286:"LII: UCC – Locator"
1992:Single-stock futures
1987:Settlement (finance)
1957:Financial regulation
1910:(SROs), such as the
1849:beneficial ownership
1820:District of Columbia
1764:Exchange Control Act
1209:Euro debt securities
989:financial instrument
3464:List of hedge funds
3454:Hedge fund managers
3370:Insurance companies
3355:Fund of hedge funds
3263:Black–Scholes model
3177:Proprietary trading
3152:Algorithmic trading
3119:Fund of hedge funds
2389:Senior secured debt
2133:securities exchange
1824:U.S. Virgin Islands
1659:Securities services
1368:Consumer Appliances
1342:Degree of liquidity
1241:Supranational bonds
1056:competent authority
941:Sustainable finance
455:Part of a series on
3940:Singapore Exchange
3835:SIX Swiss Exchange
3320:Technical analysis
2924:Outline of finance
2836:Market value added
2819:Financial modeling
2777:Business valuation
2700:Debt restructuring
2478:Follow-on offering
2463:Corporate spin-off
2421:(terms/conditions)
2338:investment banking
2058:The United States
1977:Securities lending
1972:Securities analyst
1859:Other depositories
1784:
1752:
1608:Another category,
1503:securities lending
1495:security interests
931:Speculative attack
696:Structured product
357:Credit-linked note
300:Structured finance
154:Floating rate note
3979:
3978:
3472:
3471:
3328:
3327:
3131:
3130:
3098:Long/short equity
3074:Convergence trade
3058:Special situation
2932:
2931:
2856:Net present value
2841:Minority interest
2772:Associate company
2748:
2747:
2715:Financial sponsor
2635:Special situation
2605:Pre-emption right
2595:Minority discount
2505:Private placement
2404:Subordinated debt
2359:Exchangeable debt
2346:Capital structure
2334:Corporate finance
2102:trust certificate
1742:Bearer securities
1701:(in Belgium) and
1599:private placement
1462:Equity investment
1442:Wholesale banking
1339:Terms to maturity
1289:Preference shares
1203:bills of exchange
1093:Equity securities
977:
976:
804:Banks and banking
794:Asset (economics)
620:Credit derivative
588:Stock certificate
461:Financial markets
450:
449:
407:Credit derivative
220:Equities (stocks)
32:Security interest
16:(Redirected from
4004:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3957:
3953:
3952:
3942:
3938:
3937:
3927:
3923:
3922:
3912:
3908:
3907:
3897:
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3863:
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3641:
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3499:
3492:
3485:
3476:
3462:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3442:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3375:Investment banks
3222:Foreign exchange
3192:
3139:
2979:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2936:
2922:
2921:
2912:
2911:
2814:Fairness opinion
2809:Enterprise value
2792:Weighted average
2720:Leveraged buyout
2575:Drag-along right
2473:Equity carve-out
2430:Equity offerings
2426:
2422:
2394:Shareholder loan
2379:Second lien debt
2374:Preferred equity
2354:Convertible debt
2327:
2320:
2313:
2304:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:. icma-group.org
2223:"icma-group.org"
2219:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2209:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2161:
2155:
2146:bill of exchange
2137:foreign currency
2056:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2029:
1952:Financial market
1686:Société Générale
1575:over-the-counter
1571:secondary market
1555:investment banks
1482:buying on margin
1411:investment banks
1335:Ownership rights
1300:preferred stocks
1216:Government bonds
1171:commercial paper
969:
962:
955:
911:Impact investing
906:Growth investing
639:Foreign exchange
625:Futures exchange
573:Registered share
471:
452:
442:
435:
428:
255:Investment funds
174:Commercial paper
169:Zero-coupon bond
121:Futures exchange
111:Commodity market
51:
37:
21:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3962:
3960:
3955:Moscow Exchange
3947:
3945:
3932:
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3917:
3915:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3885:
3872:
3870:
3857:
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3598:
3591:
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3546:
3533:
3531:
3518:
3516:
3508:
3503:
3473:
3468:
3420:
3406:Fund governance
3394:
3324:
3248:Absolute return
3236:
3187:
3181:
3172:Program trading
3167:Prime brokerage
3140:
3127:
3107:
3103:Trend following
3088:Dedicated short
3062:
3029:
2986:
2974:
2968:
2963:
2933:
2928:
2900:
2876:Stock valuation
2871:Residual income
2787:Cost of capital
2744:
2740:Project finance
2730:High-yield debt
2686:
2665:Tag-along right
2590:Mandatory offer
2560:Control premium
2541:
2534:
2510:Public offering
2458:Bought out deal
2420:
2419:
2413:
2340:
2331:
2301:
2300:
2291:
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2221:
2220:
2216:
2207:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2168:Campbell Harvey
2162:
2158:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2043:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2021:
2016:
1937:
1900:
1889:
1869:
1861:
1832:
1801:
1793:
1776:
1744:
1735:
1719:
1714:
1712:Physical nature
1694:
1661:
1618:
1610:sovereign bonds
1595:public offering
1591:
1582:principal trade
1580:In Europe, the
1543:
1538:
1486:property rights
1474:
1450:
1392:
1346:Income payments
1323:
1310:Equity warrants
1283:
1261:
1235:municipal bonds
1183:Corporate bonds
1151:
1143:
1141:Debt and equity
1135:government debt
1071:financial asset
1048:
1001:equity warrants
985:financial asset
973:
814:Climate finance
743:
729:
657:
656:
636:
635:
630:Hybrid security
568:Preferred stock
538:
529:High-yield debt
524:Government bond
446:
417:
416:
412:Hybrid security
377:
367:
366:
312:Agency security
302:
292:
291:
287:Segregated fund
267:Closed-end fund
257:
247:
246:
222:
212:
211:
197:Government bond
187:
186:Bonds by issuer
179:
178:
149:Fixed rate bond
144:
143:Bonds by coupon
136:
135:
101:
91:
90:
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4010:
4008:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3984:
3983:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3958:
3943:
3928:
3913:
3898:
3883:
3868:
3853:
3850:Korea Exchange
3838:
3823:
3766:
3763:Deutsche Börse
3751:
3736:
3733:Saudi Exchange
3721:
3706:
3691:
3676:
3661:
3646:
3631:
3616:
3559:
3544:
3529:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3494:
3487:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3425:
3422:
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3419:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3380:Merchant banks
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3345:Family offices
3342:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3305:Securitization
3302:
3297:
3292:
3274:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
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3235:
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3148:
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3141:
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3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3108:
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3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3053:Risk arbitrage
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2992:
2990:
2988:relative value
2976:
2970:
2969:
2964:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2926:
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2905:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2891:Terminal value
2888:
2883:
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2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2832:
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2824:Free cash flow
2821:
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2796:
2795:
2794:
2784:
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2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2735:Private equity
2732:
2727:
2722:
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2707:
2702:
2696:
2694:
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2687:
2685:
2684:
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2412:
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2406:
2401:
2396:
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2386:
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2371:
2366:
2364:Mezzanine debt
2361:
2356:
2350:
2348:
2342:
2341:
2332:
2330:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2307:
2299:
2298:
2277:
2256:
2235:
2214:
2193:
2172:
2156:
2075:treasury stock
2051:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2007:Toxic security
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1942:Commercial law
1938:
1936:
1933:
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1868:
1865:
1860:
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1831:
1828:
1800:
1797:
1792:
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1760:United Kingdom
1743:
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1734:
1733:DRS securities
1731:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1693:
1690:
1660:
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1622:stock exchange
1617:
1614:
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1473:
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1438:Retail banking
1391:
1390:Type of holder
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1321:Classification
1319:
1282:
1279:
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1257:
1201:, and certain
1176:unsecured debt
1150:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1123:
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1100:
1090:
1047:
1044:
1008:dematerialized
983:is a tradable
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957:
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923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
789:Angel investor
786:
778:
777:
773:
772:
771:
770:
765:
760:
752:
751:
745:
744:
742:
741:
736:
730:
728:
727:
722:
716:
713:
712:
706:
705:
704:
703:
701:Swap (finance)
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
655:
654:
648:
641:
637:
634:
633:
627:
622:
615:
611:
608:
607:
603:
602:
601:
600:
595:
593:Stock exchange
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
552:
551:
545:
544:
543:
542:
540:Securitization
536:
534:Municipal bond
531:
526:
521:
516:
514:Corporate bond
511:
509:Bond valuation
503:
502:
496:
495:
494:
493:
481:
473:
472:
464:
463:
457:
456:
448:
447:
445:
444:
437:
430:
422:
419:
418:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
378:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
362:Unsecured debt
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
307:Securitization
303:
298:
297:
294:
293:
290:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
258:
253:
252:
249:
248:
245:
244:
239:
234:
229:
223:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
209:
204:
202:Municipal bond
199:
194:
192:Corporate bond
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
164:Perpetual bond
161:
156:
151:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
102:
97:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
62:
57:
56:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4009:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3971:
3966:
3959:
3956:
3951:
3944:
3941:
3936:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3899:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3881:
3876:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3854:
3851:
3846:
3839:
3836:
3831:
3824:
3821:
3820:Nasdaq Nordic
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3764:
3759:
3752:
3749:
3744:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3722:
3719:
3714:
3707:
3704:
3699:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3659:
3654:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3542:
3537:
3530:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3514:
3511:
3507:
3500:
3495:
3493:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3480:
3477:
3465:
3457:
3455:
3447:
3445:
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3385:Pension funds
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3340:Vulture funds
3338:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3272:
3271:delta neutral
3268:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Money markets
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3184:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3124:
3123:Multi-manager
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2955:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2937:
2925:
2917:
2915:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2443:Book building
2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2266:
2260:
2257:
2245:
2239:
2236:
2224:
2218:
2215:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2071:capital stock
2068:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2025:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:United States
1804:
1798:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1741:
1739:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1716:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1638:Investing.com
1635:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1550:
1548:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1466:restructuring
1463:
1459:
1456:or achieving
1455:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1427:broker-dealer
1424:
1420:
1419:pension funds
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:Credit rating
1352:
1350:Tax treatment
1349:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1305:
1304:callable bond
1301:
1298:are bonds or
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1097:common stocks
1094:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1036:stock options
1033:
1029:
1025:
1024:capital stock
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
970:
965:
963:
958:
956:
951:
950:
948:
947:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
824:Eco-investing
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:Asset pricing
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
779:
776:Related areas
774:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
754:
753:
750:
746:
740:
737:
735:
732:
731:
726:
723:
721:
718:
717:
715:
714:
711:
707:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
658:
652:
651:Exchange rate
649:
647:
643:
642:
640:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
617:
616:
614:
610:
609:
606:Other markets
604:
599:
598:Watered stock
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
553:
550:
546:
541:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
506:
505:
504:
501:
497:
492:
489:
485:
482:
480:
479:Public market
477:
476:
475:
474:
470:
466:
465:
462:
458:
454:
453:
443:
438:
436:
431:
429:
424:
423:
421:
420:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
379:
376:
371:
370:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
301:
296:
295:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
259:
256:
251:
250:
243:
242:Short selling
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
224:
221:
216:
215:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
183:
182:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
146:
140:
139:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
103:
100:
95:
94:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
63:
60:
55:
54:
50:
46:
45:
42:
38:
33:
19:
3997:Stock market
3217:Fixed income
3093:Global macro
3035:Event-driven
2866:Real options
2682:Tender offer
2542:acquisitions
2530:Underwriting
2515:Rights issue
2418:Transactions
2290:. Retrieved
2280:
2269:. Retrieved
2259:
2248:. Retrieved
2238:
2227:. Retrieved
2217:
2206:. Retrieved
2196:
2185:. Retrieved
2175:
2164:"Wholesaler"
2159:
2135:relating to
2064:
2054:
2044:, retrieved
2037:FCA Handbook
2036:
2027:
1927:
1920:
1901:
1893:
1890:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1862:
1853:
1845:
1833:
1805:
1802:
1794:
1785:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1753:
1736:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1707:
1695:
1662:
1646:
1626:
1619:
1607:
1592:
1579:
1568:
1551:
1544:
1530:
1521:
1507:
1499:mutual funds
1475:
1458:capital gain
1451:
1431:
1400:
1393:
1367:
1363:
1324:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1296:Convertibles
1295:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1270:capital gain
1262:
1255:and others.
1240:
1239:
1230:
1229:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1190:
1189:
1181:
1180:
1152:
1144:
1131:
1124:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1028:mutual funds
1019:
1015:
1005:
997:fixed income
980:
978:
926:Market trend
901:Greenwashing
758:Participants
563:Growth stock
558:Common stock
549:Stock market
519:Fixed income
490:
487:
106:Stock market
58:
40:
3895:JSE Limited
3444:Hedge funds
3207:Derivatives
3202:Commodities
3157:Day trading
3067:Directional
2966:Hedge funds
2640:Squeeze-out
2610:Proxy fight
2540:Mergers and
2453:Bought deal
2384:Senior debt
2244:"sifma.org"
1703:Clearstream
1682:BNP Paribas
1670:J.P. Morgan
1603:company law
1505:scenarios.
1423:underwriter
1417:companies,
1251:, regional
1221:treasuries.
1103:Derivatives
921:Market risk
734:Spot market
691:Reinsurance
686:Real estate
676:Mutual fund
613:Derivatives
583:Stockbroker
500:Bond market
375:Derivatives
262:Mutual fund
131:Spot market
3986:Categories
3399:Governance
2973:Investment
2886:Tax shield
2846:Mismarking
2650:Stock swap
2600:Pitch book
2570:Divestment
2448:Bookrunner
2369:Pari passu
2292:2012-04-24
2271:2012-05-18
2267:. fisd.net
2265:"fisd.net"
2250:2012-05-18
2229:2012-05-18
2208:2015-12-17
2187:2015-12-17
2141:instrument
2106:investment
2099:collateral
2046:2016-11-11
2033:"security"
2019:References
1898:Regulation
1816:U.S. state
1727:registered
1666:BNY Mellon
1525:sell short
1478:collateral
1472:Collateral
1448:Investment
1436:; compare
1245:World Bank
1155:debentures
1087:debentures
1064:debentures
1020:registered
1012:book entry
763:Regulation
491:Securities
282:Index fund
277:Hedge fund
207:Pfandbrief
81:Derivative
59:Securities
41:Securities
18:Marketable
3333:Investors
2983:Arbitrage
2861:Pure play
2754:Valuation
2620:Sell side
2483:Greenshoe
2083:debenture
1699:Euroclear
1642:Bloomberg
1577:markets.
1491:insolvent
1415:insurance
1403:wholesale
1274:principal
1079:banknotes
864:corporate
839:Financial
661:Commodity
76:Debenture
3613:Euronext
2975:strategy
2692:Leverage
2670:Takeover
2565:Demerger
2550:Buy side
2150:maturity
2125:straddle
2109:contract
1935:See also
1918:(MSRB).
1822:and the
1409:include
1372:Industry
1360:industry
1163:deposits
1107:forwards
1060:Handbook
1040:fungible
981:security
889:services
879:personal
874:forecast
844:analysis
768:Clearing
720:Forwards
646:Currency
484:Exchange
66:Banknote
3195:Markets
3186:Related
3145:Trading
2675:Reverse
2660:Synergy
2500:Pre-IPO
2488:Reverse
2409:Warrant
2091:royalty
1947:Finance
1806:In the
1634:Reuters
1536:Markets
1434:banking
1266:profits
1115:options
1111:futures
1105:(e.g.,
1095:(e.g.,
896:Fintech
859:betting
849:analyst
749:Trading
725:Options
402:Warrant
387:Futures
382:Forward
337:Tranche
99:Markets
3961:
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3532:
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3267:Greeks
3212:Equity
2129:option
2097:, any
1723:bearer
1692:Market
1653:London
1454:income
1396:retail
1370:. See
1281:Hybrid
1259:Equity
1247:, the
1127:issuer
1117:, and
1085:, and
1016:bearer
1010:) or "
993:equity
884:public
681:Option
486:
392:Option
3310:Short
3300:Hedge
3281:alpha
3188:terms
3112:Other
2399:Stock
2095:lease
2065:"Any
1881:share
1688:etc.
1425:or a
1167:notes
1159:bonds
1119:swaps
1083:bonds
1032:bonds
869:crime
854:asset
739:Swaps
671:Money
578:Stock
232:Share
227:Stock
86:Stock
3285:beta
3241:Misc
2336:and
2121:call
2079:bond
2067:note
1678:Citi
1674:HSBC
1640:and
1440:and
1268:and
1149:Debt
995:and
809:Bull
397:Swap
71:Bond
2117:put
2093:or
2002:T2S
1725:or
1169:or
1026:or
834:ESG
666:ETF
3988::
3925:B3
3287:/
3283:/
3269::
3121:/
3081:/
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2127:,
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