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upper stage, flying from
Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24. One of the first stage engines caught fire almost immediately at liftoff. The remaining engines managed to compensate for about 30 seconds of flight, but the thrust section fire eventually resulted in loss of control. The engines shut down, and
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back across the launch complex, which made the
Baikonur Cosmodrome launch complex unusable until rain washed the toxic residuals away. Launch personnel were trapped and unable to leave the cosmodrome as a pool of spilled nitrogen tetroxide was blocking one of the entryways out, while other entryway
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was blocked by the still-intact second stage of the rocket. By the time this had happened, the alignment of Earth and Mars necessary to launch spacecraft had ended, and the
Soviets were unable to launch any further Mars probes until 1971. It also resulted in delays to a number of
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spacecraft scheduled for launch in 1969. The accident left a deep impression on Soviet military personnel attending the launch and helped spur the development of next-generation ballistic missiles with safer solid propellants.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
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Mars 2M No.522 was launched at 10:33:00 UTC on 2 April 1969 atop a Proton-K 8K78K
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Deep space chronicle: a chronology of deep space and planetary probes, 1958–2000
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spacecraft which was lost in a launch failure in 1969. It consisted of an
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Soviet Robots in the Solar System
Mission Technologies and Discoveries
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the rocket fell back to Earth and exploded 41 seconds after ignition.
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1611:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
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570:, Professor Chris Mihos, Case Western Reserve University
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2571:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
2416:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
2775:This article about one or more spacecraft of the
259:Scientific instruments on the spacecraft were:
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1607:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
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230:, which was launched in 1969 as part of the
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513:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
430:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
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2497:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
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269:Instrument to measure water vapor levels
563:Cornell University's Mars Missions page
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290:Imaging system (three on board cameras)
303:launch vehicle, the wind spread toxic
2401:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
7:
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198:and sometimes identified by NASA as
2783:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
1675:List of artificial objects on Mars
25:
2688:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
234:. Neither launch was successful.
2767:
2376:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
337:
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2547:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
2353:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
218:, and an instrument to detect
92:4,850 kg (10,690 lb)
1:
2845:Soviet Union spacecraft stubs
2502:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
741:indicate failures at launch.
2830:Spacecraft launched in 1969
2426:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
2371:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
2347:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
1715:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
299:Following the crash of the
287:Low-energy ion spectrometer
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278:Hydrogen mass spectrometer
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1733:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
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2683:Mars Exploration Program
1665:List of missions to Mars
353:List of missions to Mars
281:Helium mass spectrometer
266:Ultraviolet spectrometer
1773:Mars Science Laboratory
568:The Soviet Mars program
379:. Jonathan's Space Page
2142:Mars Exploration Rover
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1824:
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255:Scientific Instruments
113:2 April 1969, 10:33:00
2337:(2024, flyby in 2025)
2329:(2024, flyby in 2025)
1908:(2023, flyby in 2026)
1899:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
1831:
1823:
1815:
1670:List of Mars orbiters
517:on September 13, 2008
457:. Gunter's Space Page
64:Spacecraft properties
2693:Mars Next Generation
2652:Permanent settlement
2542:Mars Surveyor Lander
2008:Mars Climate Orbiter
1994:Mars Global Surveyor
787:Orbital launches in
375:McDowell, Jonathan.
295:Post-accident effect
1650:Spacecraft missions
434:on 8 September 2010
345:Solar System portal
117:1969-04-02UTC10:33Z
32:
2678:Mars Scout Program
2517:Mars 4NM & 5NM
2441:Mars Micro Orbiter
2431:Mars Geyser Hopper
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331:Spaceflight portal
275:Gamma spectrometer
272:Radiation detector
224:atmosphere of Mars
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2717:The Case for Mars
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2456:Next Mars Orbiter
2364:Rosalind Franklin
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1701:2001 Mars Odyssey
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1176:Luna E-8-5 No.402
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455:"Mars M69 #1, #2"
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196:Mars M-69 No.522
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1058:Molniya-1 No.16
904:Luna E-8 No.201
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192:Mars 2M No.522
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1987:Mars Observer
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1586:Interkosmos 2
1584:
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1467:Interkosmos 1
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237:
235:
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229:
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216:spectrometers
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
183: →
182:
177:
176:
172:←
168:
167:
161:
157:
154:
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148:
144:
139:
135:
131:
128:
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108:
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95:
91:
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84:
83:NPO Lavochkin
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
19:
2840:Mars program
2785:expanding it
2777:Soviet Union
2774:
2759:
2733:Mars Society
2715:
2708:
2662:Terraforming
2657:Colonization
2583:Voyager Mars
2575:
2563:
2556:
2382:
2362:
2333:
2320:Mangalyaan-2
2319:
2267:
2238:Mars 1M No.1
2197:
2177:
2161:
2147:
2135:
2111:
2104:
2098:Schiaparelli
2097:
2089:
2079:Deep Space 2
2068:
2061:
2054:
2014:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1959:
1952:
1904:
1891:
1884:
1786:Perseverance
1785:
1766:
1745:
1738:
1713:
1708:Mars Express
1706:
1699:
1608:
1604:
1590:
1548:
1521:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1358:
1331:
1324:
1252:
1230:
1213:
1206:
1174:
1107:
1036:
1035:
1018:
936:
909:
902:
870:
858:
838:7K-L1 No.13L
836:
829:
822:
738:
669:
663:
662:
655:
648:
636:
628:
622:
537:
531:
519:. Retrieved
515:the original
509:Wade, Mark.
504:
477:
471:
459:. Retrieved
448:
436:. Retrieved
432:the original
426:Wade, Mark.
406:. Retrieved
404:. NASA NSSDC
402:"Mars 1969B"
381:. Retrieved
377:"Launch Log"
300:
298:
284:Spectrometer
258:
241:
232:Mars program
220:water vapour
199:
195:
191:
190:
173:
166:Mars program
164:
79:Manufacturer
43:Mars orbiter
40:Mission type
2597:Exploration
2446:MELOS rover
2349:(mid 2020s)
2288:Fobos-Grunt
2162:Opportunity
1550:7K-L1e No.1
1426:SOICAL Cone
1215:7K-L1S No.5
1187:Explorer 41
911:7K-L1S No.3
428:"Mars M-69"
146:Launch site
110:Launch date
89:Launch mass
2824:Categories
2671:Strategies
2565:Red Dragon
2527:Mars-Aster
2471:Sky-Sailor
2466:Phootprint
2436:Mars-Grunt
2253:2MV-3 No.1
2248:2MV-4 No.1
2200:helicopter
2015:Mangalyaan
1581:Kosmos 317
1576:Kosmos 316
1571:Kosmos 315
1566:Kosmos 314
1556:Kosmos 313
1544:Kosmos 312
1539:Kosmos 311
1529:Kosmos 310
1517:Kosmos 309
1507:Kosmos 308
1497:Kosmos 307
1492:Kosmos 306
1487:Kosmos 305
1482:Kosmos 304
1477:Kosmos 303
1472:Kosmos 302
1416:Timation 2
1411:NRL PL-176
1406:NRL PL-164
1401:NRL PL-163
1396:NRL PL-162
1391:NRL PL-161
1381:Kosmos 301
1376:Kosmos 300
1354:Kosmos 299
1349:Kosmos 298
1344:Kosmos 297
1339:Kosmos 296
1315:Kosmos 295
1310:Kosmos 294
1305:Kosmos 293
1300:Kosmos 292
1275:Kosmos 291
1238:Kosmos 290
1221:Kosmos 289
1197:Kosmos 288
1192:Kosmos 287
1182:Kosmos 286
1160:Kosmos 285
1155:Kosmos 284
1150:Kosmos 283
1115:Kosmos 282
1103:Kosmos 281
1088:Kosmos 280
1078:Kosmos 279
1053:Kosmos 278
1048:Kosmos 277
1043:Kosmos 276
1031:Kosmos 275
1009:Kosmos 274
1004:Kosmos 273
989:Orbiscal 2
969:Kosmos 272
964:Kosmos 271
959:Kosmos 270
954:Kosmos 269
949:Kosmos 268
932:Kosmos 267
922:Kosmos 266
893:Kosmos 265
854:Kosmos 264
818:Kosmos 263
671:Kosmos 419
650:2MV-3 No.1
638:2MV-4 No.1
496:1058482743
487:1283257661
359:References
305:propellant
263:Radiometer
212:radiometer
200:Mars 1969B
181:Kosmos 419
175:Mars 1969A
18:Mars 1969B
2738:Mars race
2552:NetLander
2512:Marsokhod
2490:proposals
2488:Cancelled
2292:Yinghuo-1
2273:Mariner 8
2268:2M No.522
2258:Mariner 3
2210:Mars 2020
2198:Ingenuity
2136:Sojourner
2112:Tianwen-1
1933:Mariner 9
1860:Mariner 4
1792:Mars 2020
1767:Curiosity
1746:Tianwen-1
1605:underline
1534:Skynet 1A
1523:Apollo 12
1421:Tempsat 2
1326:Pioneer E
1232:Apollo 11
1109:Apollo 10
1037:2M No.522
1026:Mariner 7
1020:2M No.521
917:Mariner 6
860:US-A No.5
711:Cancelled
664:2M No.522
657:2M No.521
546:862770494
121: UTC
31:2M No.522
2702:Advocacy
2637:Aircraft
2605:Concepts
2537:Mars One
2507:Beagle 3
2394:Proposed
2384:Kazachok
2367:) (2028)
2341:EscaPADE
2231:launches
2189:Aircraft
2168:timeline
2154:timeline
2096:ExoMars
2084:Beagle 2
2062:Viking 2
2055:Viking 1
1979:Phobos 2
1974:Phobos 1
1961:Viking 2
1954:Viking 1
1916:Orbiters
1797:timeline
1778:timeline
1721:timeline
1692:Orbiters
1561:OPS 6617
1502:OPS 8455
1386:OPS 7613
1371:OPS 4710
1366:OPS 3531
1320:OPS 7807
1270:OPS 8285
1260:OPS 3654
1248:OPS 1127
1165:OPS 1077
1130:OPS 6911
1125:OPS 6909
1098:OPS 1721
1093:OPS 1101
1083:OPS 5310
1073:SECOR 13
1068:Nimbus 3
1063:OPS 3148
999:OPS 2285
994:OPS 3722
944:OPS 4248
938:Apollo 9
898:OPS 0757
883:OPS 2644
878:OPS 3890
849:OPS 7585
813:Venera 6
808:Venera 5
723:Mars 5NM
718:Mars 4NM
511:"Proton"
317:See also
202:, was a
150:Baikonur
130:Proton-K
2622:Landing
2617:Orbiter
2406:DePhine
2359:ExoMars
2312:Planned
2283:Mars 96
2243:1M No.2
2205:flights
2178:Zhurong
2105:InSight
2090:Phoenix
2026:Landers
1886:Rosetta
1748:orbiter
1609:italics
1592:Unnamed
1461:Soyuz 8
1454:Soyuz 7
1447:Soyuz 6
1436:ESRO-1B
1360:Unnamed
1226:Luna 15
831:Soyuz 5
824:Soyuz 4
739:Italics
728:Mars 5M
630:1M No.2
624:1M No.1
619:Mars 1M
521:27 July
461:27 July
438:27 July
408:27 July
383:27 July
248:Block D
246:with a
222:in the
208:orbiter
115: (
2451:MetNet
2355:(2026)
2343:(2024)
2323:(2024)
2305:Future
2229:Failed
2148:Spirit
2130:PrOP-M
2123:Rovers
2114:lander
2049:Mars 7
2044:Mars 6
2039:Mars 3
2034:Mars 2
2001:Nozomi
1943:Mars 5
1938:Mars 4
1928:Mars 3
1923:Mars 2
1905:Psyche
1880:Mars 7
1875:Mars 6
1865:Zond 2
1855:Mars 1
1847:Flybys
1758:Rovers
1684:Active
1333:ERS-32
1280:Zond 7
1140:ERS-26
1135:ERS-29
984:OV1-19
979:OV1-18
974:OV1-17
927:ESSA-9
866:Isis 1
796:1970 →
781:← 1968
702:Mars 7
697:Mars 6
692:Mars 5
687:Mars 4
682:Mars 3
677:Mars 2
644:Mars 1
544:
494:
484:
238:Launch
204:Soviet
140:233-01
126:Rocket
2779:is a
2632:Rover
2612:Flyby
2577:Vesta
2461:PADME
1728:MAVEN
1295:ATS-5
1290:PAC-1
1285:OSO-6
1208:STV-2
1170:OGO-6
1145:OV5-9
844:OSO-5
153:81/24
2781:stub
2334:Hera
1893:Dawn
1839:Past
1739:Hope
1654:Mars
1512:Azur
789:1969
612:Past
542:OCLC
523:2010
492:OCLC
482:ISBN
463:2010
440:2010
410:2010
385:2010
310:Luna
1652:to
138:s/n
2826::
2290:/
2077:/
627:|
540:.
490:.
480:.
418:^
393:^
367:^
73:2M
2812:e
2805:t
2798:v
2787:.
2361:(
1642:e
1635:t
1628:v
772:e
765:t
758:v
633:)
621:(
597:e
590:t
583:v
548:.
525:.
498:.
465:.
442:.
412:.
387:.
134:D
132:/
119:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.