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The objectives of the mission were to investigate interplanetary space between Earth and Mars, to study Mars and return surface images from a flyby trajectory, and to study the effects of extended spaceflight on onboard instruments and provide radio communications from long distances.
232:. Radio communications were made using a decimeter band transmitter via the high gain antenna for spacecraft commands and telemetry. Radio bearing was used to maintain the antennas' orientation to Earth. Images were to be transferred using an 8-cm wavelength transmitter through the
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was held in a sealed module in the spacecraft and could take pictures through a viewport when a sensor indicated the Sun-illuminated martian surface was in view. Attitude was controlled by a Sun-star sensor with attitude correction performed by a
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rockets. The unproven third stage malfunctioned on both flights as cavitation in the fuel lines prevented the engines from developing adequate thrust, and, as a result, neither spacecraft achieved its initial
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engine. The spacecraft orientation was to be maintained so that the solar panels faced the Sun throughout the flight. Power was provided by the two-square meter solar panels which charged
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probe. Some Soviet scientists involved with the program at that time claim no knowledge of this mission, stating that only the second launch was an intended Mars mission. However,
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wings, a 2.33 meter high-gain net antenna, and a long antenna arm, and had a mass of about 650 kg. It carried a 10 kg science payload consisting of a
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had planned to bring models of the Mars probes for showcasing at his visit to the UN that month, but as both launches failed, they remained packed.
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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parking orbit. Mars 1M No.2 reached an altitude of 120 km before reentry.
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on Mars. These instruments were mounted on the outside of the spacecraft. A
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93:, was destroyed in a launch failure on October 10, 1960. In 1962,
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355:, Professor Chris Mihos, Case Western Reserve University
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design, a cylindrical body about 2 meters high with two
365:, Oct 11 2010. Includes details about launch failures.
112:, the leading designer of planetary spacecraft at the
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104:that NASA believed the mission was an attempt at a
1496:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
1341:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
208:to study the CH band, a possible indicator of
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286:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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304:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
46:. The Western media dubbed the spacecraft "
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1422:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
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1457:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
139:Both Mars 1M spacecraft were launched by
42:. They were the earliest missions of the
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16:Series of two uncrewed Soviet spacecraft
359:The beginnings of planetary exploration
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1326:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
7:
136:, was launched on October 14, 1960.
600:List of artificial objects on Mars
284:from websites or documents of the
172:NASA describes the spacecraft as:
14:
1613:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
1301:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
280: This article incorporates
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261:
247:
1472:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
1278:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
1:
1427:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
34:which were used in the first
536:indicate failures at launch.
1351:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
1296:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
1272:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
640:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
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658:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
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168:Spacecraft and subsystems
1700:1960 in the Soviet Union
1608:Mars Exploration Program
590:List of missions to Mars
176:nearly identical to the
698:Mars Science Laboratory
353:The Soviet Mars program
214:photo-television camera
124:, known in the West as
114:Lavochkin design bureau
81:, known in the West as
1067:Mars Exploration Rover
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282:public domain material
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102:United States Congress
24:
1262:(2024, flyby in 2025)
1254:(2024, flyby in 2025)
833:(2023, flyby in 2026)
824:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
756:
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595:List of Mars orbiters
230:silver-zinc batteries
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1618:Mars Next Generation
1577:Permanent settlement
1467:Mars Surveyor Lander
933:Mars Climate Orbiter
919:Mars Global Surveyor
361:, Andrew J. LePage,
206:spectroreflectometer
38:missions to explore
30:was a series of two
1695:1960 in spaceflight
575:Spacecraft missions
269:Solar System portal
226:bipropellant rocket
32:uncrewed spacecraft
1603:Mars Scout Program
1442:Mars 4NM & 5NM
1366:Mars Micro Orbiter
1356:Mars Geyser Hopper
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308:on August 21, 2002
255:Spaceflight portal
95:NASA Administrator
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23:Mars 1M spacecraft
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1642:The Case for Mars
1552:Atmospheric entry
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1447:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
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1381:Next Mars Orbiter
1289:Rosalind Franklin
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1000:Mars Polar Lander
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626:2001 Mars Odyssey
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234:high-gain antenna
219:dimethylhydrazine
153:Nikita Khrushchev
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1648:Inspiration Mars
1635:The Mars Project
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1203:Mars 3MS No.170
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339:(public domain)
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1658:Mars Society
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1587:Terraforming
1582:Colonization
1508:Voyager Mars
1500:
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1245:Mangalyaan-2
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1163:Mars 1M No.1
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1023:Schiaparelli
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1004:Deep Space 2
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332:. Retrieved
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310:. Retrieved
306:the original
300:Wade, Mark.
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186:magnetometer
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121:Mars 1M No.2
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78:Mars 1M No.1
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44:Mars program
27:
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1522:Exploration
1371:MELOS rover
1274:(mid 2020s)
1213:Fobos-Grunt
1087:Opportunity
328:"Marsnik 2"
223:nitric acid
188:on a boom,
182:solar panel
54:portmanteau
1689:Categories
1596:Strategies
1490:Red Dragon
1452:Mars-Aster
1396:Sky-Sailor
1391:Phootprint
1361:Mars-Grunt
1178:2MV-3 No.1
1173:2MV-4 No.1
1125:helicopter
940:Mangalyaan
466:Kosmos 419
445:2MV-3 No.1
433:2MV-4 No.1
334:2009-06-11
241:References
198:radiometer
190:cosmic ray
146:geocentric
134:Mars 1960B
106:Mars flyby
87:Mars 1960A
72:Spacecraft
1663:Mars race
1477:NetLander
1437:Marsokhod
1415:proposals
1413:Cancelled
1217:Yinghuo-1
1198:Mariner 8
1193:2M No.522
1183:Mariner 3
1135:Mars 2020
1123:Ingenuity
1061:Sojourner
1037:Tianwen-1
858:Mariner 9
785:Mariner 4
717:Mars 2020
692:Curiosity
671:Tianwen-1
506:Cancelled
459:2M No.522
452:2M No.521
312:26 August
302:"Mars 1M"
192:counter,
126:Marsnik 2
83:Marsnik 1
1627:Advocacy
1562:Aircraft
1530:Concepts
1462:Mars One
1432:Beagle 3
1319:Proposed
1309:Kazachok
1292:) (2028)
1266:EscaPADE
1156:launches
1114:Aircraft
1093:timeline
1079:timeline
1021:ExoMars
1009:Beagle 2
987:Viking 2
980:Viking 1
904:Phobos 2
899:Phobos 1
886:Viking 2
879:Viking 1
841:Orbiters
722:timeline
703:timeline
646:timeline
617:Orbiters
518:Mars 5NM
513:Mars 4NM
178:Venera 1
130:Korabl 5
91:Korabl 4
1547:Landing
1542:Orbiter
1331:DePhine
1284:ExoMars
1237:Planned
1208:Mars 96
1168:1M No.2
1130:flights
1103:Zhurong
1030:InSight
1015:Phoenix
951:Landers
811:Rosetta
673:orbiter
534:Italics
523:Mars 5M
425:1M No.2
419:1M No.1
414:Mars 1M
141:Molniya
65:Sputnik
49:Marsnik
28:Mars 1M
1376:MetNet
1280:(2026)
1268:(2024)
1248:(2024)
1230:Future
1154:Failed
1073:Spirit
1055:PrOP-M
1048:Rovers
1039:lander
974:Mars 7
969:Mars 6
964:Mars 3
959:Mars 2
926:Nozomi
868:Mars 5
863:Mars 4
853:Mars 3
848:Mars 2
830:Psyche
805:Mars 7
800:Mars 6
790:Zond 2
780:Mars 1
772:Flybys
683:Rovers
609:Active
497:Mars 7
492:Mars 6
487:Mars 5
482:Mars 4
477:Mars 3
472:Mars 2
439:Mars 1
330:. NASA
36:Soviet
1557:Rover
1537:Flyby
1502:Vesta
1386:PADME
653:MAVEN
52:", a
1259:Hera
818:Dawn
764:Past
664:Hope
579:Mars
407:Past
314:2010
210:life
200:, a
196:, a
132:and
89:and
62:and
59:Mars
40:Mars
577:to
56:of
1691::
1215:/
1002:/
422:|
288:.
128:,
85:,
68:.
1286:(
567:e
560:t
553:v
428:)
416:(
392:e
385:t
378:v
337:.
316:.
221:/
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