303:, which are expected to be designed for about 30 days of exploration on the surface. For example, identifying and characterizing accessible water ice could lead to human-tended science, such as ice coring to support the search for life. Mars Ice Mapper also could provide a map of water-ice resources for later human missions with longer surface expeditions, as well as help meet exploration engineering constraints, such as avoidance of rock and terrain hazards. Mapping shallow water ice could also support supplemental high-value science objectives related to
926:
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29:
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465:
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536:
278:
The mission is to search for ice deposits under the surface of Mars, precursor for human missions there. By identifying locations where water ice may exist within 5-10 meters of the surface and thus could be accessed by crewed expeditions. The mission plans to scan specific locations on the
Martian
348:
for fuel. These elements could also provide resources for backup life support, civil engineering, mining, manufacturing, and, eventually, agriculture on Mars. Transporting water from Earth to deep space is extremely costly, so a local resource is essential to sustainable surface exploration.
319:
Beyond promoting scientific observations while the orbiter completes its reconnaissance work, the agency partners will explore mission-enabling rideshare opportunities as part of their next phase of study. All science data from the mission would be made available to the international science
291:
and 25° and 40° southern latitude. The upper limit of 40° was chosen to have favorable conditions for solar arrays. The lower bound of 25° is intended to maximize the proximity of locating ground ice (since availability of ground ice generally decreases toward the equator due to increased
270:(LRO) mission. The mission was envisioned to be launched as early as 2026. However, in March 2022, it was revealed in its fiscal year 2023 budget proposal that the US government would terminate NASA financial support for the Mars Ice Mapper, casting the project's future into uncertainty.
384:
The CSA would provide the radar instrument, JAXA the spacecraft bus and ASI the communications subsystem for the spacecraft. NASA would be responsible for overall mission management and for providing the launch of the spacecraft. The mission will cost US$ 185 million.
258:(ASI). As the mission concept evolves, there may be opportunities for other space agency and commercial partners to join the mission. The goal of the orbiter is the quantification of extent and volume of water ice in non-polar regions of
360:
and the layering above it, which can help uncover the history of environmental change on Mars and lead to our ability to answer fundamental questions about whether Mars was ever home to microbial life or still might be today".
339:
potential, which could be revealed through signs of preserved ancient microbial life or even the possibility of living organisms, if Mars ever harbored life. Ice is also a critical natural resource that could eventually supply
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352:"In addition to supporting plans for future human missions to Mars, learning more about subsurface ice will bring significant opportunities for scientific discovery", said Eric Ianson, NASA
368:. Mars Ice Mapper would complement surface missions on the planet, including the Perseverance rover that landed on February 18, 2021, following a seven-month journey in space. NASA and the
335:
that are led by future human explorers. Such explorers may one day core, sample, and analyze the ice to better understand the record of climatic and geologic change on Mars and its
396:. The agency has previously discussed developing a communications satellite network at Mars, perhaps through public-private partnerships, to support Mars Ice Mapper.
691:
625:
1667:
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737:
514:
817:
1557:
692:"Thales Alenia Space Signs Contract with the Italian Space Agency to Develop Communications System for the International Mars Ice Mapper mission"
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557:
262:. The results are intended to support future Mars missions, especially with respect to the search for habitable environments and accessible
1502:
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771:
134:
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320:
community for both planetary science and Mars reconnaissance. This approach is similar to what NASA is doing at the Moon under the
407:
to develop the spacecraft's communications subsystems, following the Phase A contract previously awarded to the company in 2021.
356:
Deputy
Director and Mars Exploration Program Director. "Mapping near-surface water ice would reveal an as-yet hidden part of the
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned.
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266:(ISRU) resources. The International-Mars Ice Mapper is an "exploration precursor mission", comparing it to the
210:
38:
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NASA included an illustration of Mars Ice Mapper communicating with three spacecraft in Mars orbit, acting as
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Sounder mode: vertical resolution 1 m, along-track resolution: 30 m, across-track resolution: 1,5 km
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The ice-mapping mission could help the agency identify potential science objectives for initial
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Mars has been a primary target for robotic exploration and the search for ancient life in our
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515:"NASA, International Partners Assess Mission to Map Ice on Mars, Guide Science Priorities"
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Access to water ice would also be central to scientific investigations on the
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328:, where ice is trapped in the permanently shadowed regions of the pole.
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287:). The target areas for radar scans are between 25° and 40° northern
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824:
593:"NASA and international partners to study Mars Ice Mapper mission"
393:
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164:
650:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Polarization: hybrid (circular transmit, dual linear reception)
372:(ESA) also recently announced they are moving forward with the
558:"Mars Ice Mapper: New Agreement Between Thales Alenia And ASI"
924:
916:
908:
690:
S. Bielecki; C. des Arcis; C. Marcanio (8 March 2024).
449:
SAR mode: map swath width 30 km, penetration depth 6 m
666:"White House requests $ 26 billion for NASA for 2023"
426:
The radar has the following technical specification:
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71:
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1668:Sample Collection for Investigation of Mars (SCIM)
1513:Mars Aerial and Ground Global Intelligent Explorer
551:
549:
403:signed a €22 million Phase B1 contract with the
508:
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440:Energy consumption: between 500 and 1000 watts
731:
8:
586:
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21:
419:, based on technology used by the Canadian
1698:
1594:Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey
1581:
1405:
1322:
939:
784:
738:
724:
716:
20:
1629:Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C)
37:orbiting Mars alongside three supporting
16:Proposed NASA-led orbiter mission to Mars
624:J. Watzin; T. Haltigin (15 April 2020).
437:with 6 meters diameter deployed on orbit
490:
279:surface below 2 km (1.2 mi)
1498:Biological Oxidant and Life Detection
415:The mission concept plans to utilize
7:
619:
617:
615:
613:
446:Two modes: SAR mode and Sounder mode
772:List of artificial objects on Mars
513:Tricia Talbert (3 February 2021).
248:Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
14:
1785:Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
179:250–320 km (160–200 mi)
169:250–320 km (160–200 mi)
1473:Mars Sample Recovery Helicopters
645:
556:Beatrice Romeo (13 March 2024).
534:
463:
421:RADARSAT satellite constellation
27:
1644:Mars Telecommunications Orbiter
1450:Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
591:Jeff Foust (6 February 2021).
238:(I-MIM) mission is a proposed
1:
1599:Astrobiology Field Laboratory
626:"Mars Exploration Ice Mapper"
236:International-Mars Ice Mapper
22:International-Mars Ice Mapper
700:(Press release). Rome, Italy
664:Jeff Foust (28 March 2022).
268:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
264:In situ resource utilization
1523:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
1468:NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
1444:Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
812:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
52:Mars Exploration Ice Mapper
1883:
479:Mars sample-return mission
374:Mars sample-return mission
354:Planetary Science Division
285:entry, descent and landing
246:in collaboration with the
1847:
1580:
1321:
906:
830:ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
757:
207:
203:
144:
140:
105:
101:
56:
26:
1780:Mars Exploration Program
762:List of missions to Mars
417:Synthetic-aperture radar
324:– sending astronauts to
211:Mars Exploration Program
870:Mars Science Laboratory
39:communications orbiters
1239:Mars Exploration Rover
929:
921:
913:
301:human missions to Mars
1434:(2024, flyby in 2025)
1426:(2024, flyby in 2025)
1005:(2023, flyby in 2026)
996:Mars Cube One (MarCO)
928:
920:
912:
767:List of Mars orbiters
390:communications relays
370:European Space Agency
252:Canadian Space Agency
154:Reference system
1790:Mars Next Generation
1749:Permanent settlement
1639:Mars Surveyor Lander
1105:Mars Climate Orbiter
1091:Mars Global Surveyor
405:Italian Space Agency
256:Italian Space Agency
41:at higher altitudes.
33:Artist's concept of
747:Spacecraft missions
697:Thales Alenia Space
401:Thales Alenia Space
358:Martian hydrosphere
305:Martian climatology
242:being developed by
23:
1775:Mars Scout Program
1614:Mars 4NM & 5NM
1538:Mars Micro Orbiter
1528:Mars Geyser Hopper
930:
922:
914:
633:mepag.jpl.nasa.gov
471:Spaceflight portal
430:Frequency: 900 MHz
224:Mars Sample Return
165:Periareon altitude
149:Orbital parameters
1854:
1853:
1843:
1842:
1814:The Case for Mars
1724:Atmospheric entry
1688:
1687:
1619:Mars 5M (Mars-79)
1576:
1575:
1553:Next Mars Orbiter
1461:Rosalind Franklin
1397:
1396:
1317:
1316:
1172:Mars Polar Lander
904:
903:
798:2001 Mars Odyssey
562:SpaceVoyaging.com
435:Parabolic antenna
232:
231:
175:Apoareon altitude
97:2 years (planned)
1874:
1820:Inspiration Mars
1807:The Mars Project
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326:lunar South Pole
110:Start of mission
94:Mission duration
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1518:Mars Base Alpha
1508:Icebreaker Life
1486:
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1375:Mars 3MS No.170
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1215:
1166:Mars Pathfinder
1117:
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967:Mariner 6 and 7
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399:In March 2024,
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337:astrobiological
333:surface of Mars
322:Artemis program
317:
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254:(CSA), and the
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1825:Mars Institute
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1655:Northern Light
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1360:Mars 2M No.521
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1066:Phobos program
1063:
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1045:Viking program
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1744:Human mission
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1739:Sample return
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1084:Mars Observer
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1754:Colonization
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61:Mission type
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1694:Exploration
1543:MELOS rover
1446:(mid 2020s)
1385:Fobos-Grunt
1259:Opportunity
283:(to enable
185:Inclination
158:Areocentric
131:Launch site
115:Launch date
1768:Strategies
1662:Red Dragon
1624:Mars-Aster
1568:Sky-Sailor
1563:Phootprint
1533:Mars-Grunt
1350:2MV-3 No.1
1345:2MV-4 No.1
1297:helicopter
1112:Mangalyaan
602:7 February
528:7 February
485:References
411:Instrument
380:Spacecraft
294:insolation
1835:Mars race
1649:NetLander
1609:Marsokhod
1587:proposals
1585:Cancelled
1389:Yinghuo-1
1370:Mariner 8
1365:2M No.522
1355:Mariner 3
1307:Mars 2020
1295:Ingenuity
1233:Sojourner
1209:Tianwen-1
1030:Mariner 9
957:Mariner 4
889:Mars 2020
864:Curiosity
843:Tianwen-1
433:Antenna:
281:elevation
219:Mars 2020
118:2031–2033
1861:Category
1799:Advocacy
1734:Aircraft
1702:Concepts
1634:Mars One
1604:Beagle 3
1491:Proposed
1481:Kazachok
1464:) (2028)
1438:EscaPADE
1328:launches
1286:Aircraft
1265:timeline
1251:timeline
1193:ExoMars
1181:Beagle 2
1159:Viking 2
1152:Viking 1
1076:Phobos 2
1071:Phobos 1
1058:Viking 2
1051:Viking 1
1013:Orbiters
894:timeline
875:timeline
818:timeline
789:Orbiters
519:nasa.gov
457:See also
392:back to
342:hydrogen
289:latitude
72:Operator
1719:Landing
1714:Orbiter
1503:DePhine
1456:ExoMars
1409:Planned
1380:Mars 96
1340:1M No.2
1302:flights
1275:Zhurong
1202:InSight
1187:Phoenix
1123:Landers
983:Rosetta
845:orbiter
704:29 July
675:1 April
567:29 July
315:Science
309:geology
274:Mission
67:orbiter
1548:MetNet
1452:(2026)
1440:(2024)
1420:(2024)
1402:Future
1326:Failed
1245:Spirit
1227:PrOP-M
1220:Rovers
1211:lander
1146:Mars 7
1141:Mars 6
1136:Mars 3
1131:Mars 2
1098:Nozomi
1040:Mars 5
1035:Mars 4
1025:Mars 3
1020:Mars 2
1002:Psyche
977:Mars 7
972:Mars 6
962:Zond 2
952:Mars 1
944:Flybys
855:Rovers
781:Active
346:oxygen
195:Period
123:Rocket
1867:Space
1729:Rover
1709:Flyby
1674:Vesta
1558:PADME
825:MAVEN
629:(PDF)
394:Earth
189:74.0°
50:I-MIM
47:Names
35:I-MIM
1431:Hera
990:Dawn
936:Past
836:Hope
751:Mars
706:2024
677:2022
637:NASA
604:2021
569:2024
530:2021
523:NASA
344:and
307:and
260:Mars
244:NASA
234:The
80:JAXA
76:NASA
65:Mars
749:to
641:JPL
296:).
126:TBD
88:ASI
84:CSA
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