Marsh rice rat - Knowledge

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external ears (pinnae) soon unfold and on the first day, claws are visible and the young emit high-pitched squeaks. On the second day, they are able to crawl, and during the third to fifth days, the whiskers and eyelids develop. On the two subsequent days, the mammae and incisors become visible and the animals become more active. Between the eighth and 11th days, the eyes open, the fur develops, and the young begin to take solid food. Weaning occurs on the 11th to 20th day, according to different studies. Considerable variation is reported in body masses at different ages, perhaps because of geographic variation. Sexual activity commences when the animals are about 50 to 60 days old. In the wild, rice rats usually live for less than a year; one study suggested that the average lifespan is only seven months.

2166:). Marsh rice rats sometimes make large runways or dig burrows. They are accomplished and willing swimmers, easily swimming more than 10 m (33 ft) under water, and often seek safety in the water when alarmed. Rice rats in the Florida Keys occasionally climb in vegetation, but never higher than 90 cm (3.0 ft). Marsh rice rats are very clean and extensively groom themselves, perhaps to keep their fur water-repellent. They are aggressive towards conspecifics and emit high-pitched squeaks while fighting. In dense vegetation, their perceptual range (the distance from which an animal can detect a patch of suitable habitat) is less than 10 m (33 ft). When released outside of their natural wetland habitat, marsh rice rats generally move either upwind or downwind ( 2105:, spending much time in the water, and usually occurs in wetland habitats. It prefers areas where the ground is covered with grasses and sedges, which protect it from predators. In southern Illinois, marsh rice rats are more likely to occur in wetlands with more herbaceous cover, visual obstruction, and nearby grasslands. The species also occurs in drier uplands, which serve as sinks for young, dispersing animals and as refuges during high tide. Rice rats are adept overwater dispersers; studies on islands off 1848:) is at the outer front (anterolabial) edge of the molar, before the protoconid. The lower third molar is about as long as the second and also has an anterolophid, albeit a less well-defined one. The first lower molar has large roots at the front and back of the tooth and usually one or two smaller ones in between, at the labial and lingual side. The second and third lowers molars have either two roots, one labial and one lingual, or only one at the front, and another large root at the back. 226: 1458: 2379: 2122: 94: 1934: 781: 1817:, is present behind the labial cuspule, but in older animals, the cusps and the crest are united into a single structure by wear. In the third upper molar, the cusps at the back are reduced and scarcely distinguishable. As in most oryzomyines, the upper molars all have one root on the inner (lingual) side and two on the outer (labial) side; in addition, the first upper molar usually has another small labial root. 69: 995:; the mean genetic distance between the two groups was 11.30%. The marsh rice rats fell into two main groups, differing on average by 6.05%, one containing animals from Mississippi, southwestern Tennessee, and further west, and the other including specimens from Alabama and further east. Within the eastern group, variation was only about 0.65%, though examples of the putative subspecies 2682:. The Florida Keys form is rare and in decline and is threatened by competition with the black rat, predation by domestic cats, habitat loss, and loss of genetic variation; it is considered endangered. At the northern edge of its distribution, the marsh rice rat is listed as threatened in Illinois, and whether it persists in Pennsylvania is unclear; it probably formerly occurred in 50: 1308: 1821: 1488: 1373:

Total length is 226 to 305 mm (8.9 to 12.0 in), tail length 108 to 156 mm (4.3 to 6.1 in), hind foot length 28 to 37 mm (1.1 to 1.5 in), and body mass 40 to 80 g (1.4 to 2.8 oz), with males slightly larger than females. The largest individuals occur in Florida

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Marsh rice rats are active during the night, so are rarely seen, although they may be among the most common small mammals in part of their range. They build nests of sedge and grass, about 13 cm (5 in) large, which are placed under debris, near shrubs, in short burrows, or high in aquatic

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The marsh rice rat is active during the night, makes nests of sedge and grass, and occasionally builds runways. Its diverse diet includes plants, fungi, and a variety of animals. Population densities are usually below 10 per ha (four per acre) and home ranges vary from 0.23 to 0.37 ha (0.57 to

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Population size is usually largest during the summer and declines during winter, although populations in Texas and Louisiana may be more seasonally stable. Animals also often lose weight during winter. Population size varies dramatically from year to year in southern Texas. In coastal Mississippi,

1508:(penis bone) is 6.6 mm (0.26 in) long. As is characteristic of the Sigmodontinae, the marsh rice rat has a complex penis, with the distal (far) end of the baculum ending in three digits. The central digit is notably larger than those at the sides. The outer surface of the penis is mostly 2597:

After a gestation of about 25 days, three to five young are usually born, although litter sizes vary from one to seven. Females may have up to six litters a year. Newborns weigh 3 to 4 g (about 0.10 to 0.15 oz) and are blind and almost naked. About as many males as females are born. The

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behavior in the marsh rice rat is similar to that in laboratory brown rats. Before mating starts, "the male pursues the running female from behind." The male then repeatedly mounts and dismounts the female; not all mounts result in an ejaculation. Penetrations only last for about 250 ms, but

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Breeding occurs mostly during the summer. Some studies report that breeding ceases entirely during the winter, but winter breeding occurs as far north as Virginia, primarily because photoperiod influences their circadian rhythm which determines breeding. In both Texas and Virginia, variation in

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infections in the United States. About 16% of animals are infected and the virus is most prevalent in old, heavy males. The virus may be transmitted among rice rats through bites inflicted during fights. It is also present in rice rat saliva and urine, and human infections may occur because of

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The marsh rice rat is generally of little importance to humans, which is perhaps why it is not as well studied as some other North American rodents. In 1931, Arthur Svihla noted that virtually no information had been published on the habits and life history of the marsh rice rat since the 1854

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have been proposed for the marsh rice rat. Early describers used "rice meadow-mouse" and "rice-field mouse" and in the early 1900s, name such as "rice rat", "marsh mouse", and "swamp rice rat" came into use. Some of the subspecies received their own common names, such as "Florida marsh mouse",

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0.91 acres), depending on sex and geography. Litters of generally three to five young are born after a pregnancy around 25 days, mainly during the summer. Newborns are helpless at birth, but are weaned after a few weeks. Several animals prey on the marsh rice rat, including the

777:, on the basis of small differences in characters of the tooth with living marsh rice rats. In 1965, Walter Dalquest demoted this species, later also found in Texas, to a subspecies, because it does not differ more from living marsh rice rats than the latter differ from each other. 1273:, but has greater differences in color between the upper- and underparts. The fur is thick and short. The upperparts are generally gray to grayish brown, with the head a bit lighter, and are sharply delimited from the underparts, which are off-white, as are the feet. It has small 2343:, Louisiana, perhaps an atypical habitat, home ranges in males average about 0.37 hectares (0.91 acres) and in females about 0.23 hectares (0.57 acres). A study in Florida found male home ranges to average 0.25 hectares (0.62 acres) and female 0.33 hectares (0.82 acres). 1912:

is 7.20 mg/kg; both values are relatively low for cricetid rodents. In one study, wild rice rats in radioactively contaminated areas did not show signs of disease. Exposure to more daylight and higher food availability cause increased development of the

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publication of Audubon and Bachman's description. Writing on Everglades mammals, Thomas E. Lodge notes that although the name "rat" may associate it unpleasantly with the introduced black and brown rats, its appearance is more endearing, even cute.

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storms probably do not cause the population to decline substantially, and in Texas, inundation of its habitat did not significantly influence population density. However, in Mississippi, flooding did cause a marked decline in rice rat abundance.

2690:. In Illinois, its population may have regenerated because wetlands have been developed to protect waterfowl and shorebirds and because suitable wetlands often develop in abandoned coal-mining operations. A 2001 study projected that 1792:

on the lower molars, are present, another trait the marsh rice rat shares with most but not all other oryzomyines. The flexi and flexids (valleys between the cusps and crests) at the labial (outer) side of the molars are closed by

1436:, which have been suggested as components of the inactivation process. Mutants with fused or additional molars and with light fur have been recorded in laboratory colonies; the abnormal molars are apparently the result of a single 505:

previously included many other species, which were reclassified in various studies culminating in contributions by Marcelo Weksler and coworkers in 2006 that removed more than 40 species from the genus. All are placed in the tribe

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as a separate species; their classification was based on their emphasis of overwater gaps as agents of biological diversification and a critique of shortcomings in Humphrey and Setzer's study, not on a reanalysis of the data.

2307:, a bacterial disease affecting the jaws, is particularly virulent in marsh rice rats; the animal has been proposed as a model for research on the disease in humans. The identity of the bacterial agent remains unknown. 1741: 4722:. Reports of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean (Senate executive document 78, Washington, D.C.) 8(1):1–757. 1444:(the proportion of red blood cells in the blood) is high in the marsh rice rat compared to other rodents; this may be an adaptation that enables the rice rat to increase oxygen capacity while swimming under water. 4837:

Carleton, M.D. and Musser, G.G. 1984. Muroid rodents. Pp. 289–379 in Anderson. S. and Jones, J.K. Jr. (eds.). Orders and families of Recent mammals of the world. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 686 pp.

409:. The upperparts are generally gray-brown, but are reddish in many Florida populations. The feet show several specializations for life in the water. The skull is large and flattened, and is short at the front. 1800:

The upper molars have two longitudinal rows of cusps, not three as in the black and brown rats. The first and second upper molars are oval in form and the flexi do not extend to the midline of the molars. The

447:, which also includes several others occurring further south in Mexico, Central America, and northwestern South America, some of which have previously been regarded as subspecies of the marsh rice rat. One, 1512:, but a broad band of nonspinous tissue is seen. The papilla (nipple-like projection) on the dorsal (upper) side of the penis is covered with small spines, a character the marsh rice rat shares only with 811:

ranges north to southernmost Texas, where its distribution meets that of the marsh rice rat. In 1960, Raymond Hall argued that specimens from the contact zone were intermediate between the local forms of

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in corn-cultivating Native American communities. Some subfossil animals are slightly larger than living marsh rice rats, possibly because environmental constraints were relaxed in commensal populations.

2366:) and the rice rat regularly occur together; water levels are known to influence relative abundance of these two species in Florida. The cotton rat is mainly active during the day, which may help 828:

were also distinct. Since then, the two have generally been retained as distinct species, as supported by further research; a 1994 study even found the two to occur at some of the same places (in

518:, along with hundreds of other species of mainly small rodents, most of which occur in South and Central America. In the United States, the marsh rice rat is the only oryzomyine rodent except for 2098:, the marsh rice rat shows less genetic variability within but more between populations in the contact zone, probably because the species is restricted to isolated populations near the coast. 873:

rice rats; the study concluded in favor of classifying the Keys rice rat as a "distinct vertebrate population". This population probably diverged from mainland rice rats about 2000 years ago.

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are long and have unpigmented, silvery tips. When rice rats swim, air is trapped in the fur, which increases buoyancy and reduces heat loss. As in most other oryzomyines, females have eight

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behavior, but wild rice rats have been observed carrying food to a nest. Even when they live in uplands, they mostly eat water plants and animals, although they consume some upland plants.

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proposed the marsh rice rat as a model organism in 1951 to study certain infections to which other rodents used at the time are not susceptible. The marsh rice rat is quite susceptible to

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during mating, the penetrations and the intervals between them become longer. Even when a male is satiated after mating, it is able to copulate again when a new female is introduced (the

2491:, fiddler crabs, or sunflower seeds alone, but a diet consisting of several of those items or of mealworms is adequate to maintain weight. In an experiment, marsh rice rats did not show 2339:, densities may exceed 200 per ha (80 per acre) when flooding concentrates populations on small islands, In the Florida Keys, population density is less than 1 per ha (0.4 per acre). On 437:

gene indicate a deep divergence between populations east of Mississippi and those further west, which suggests that the western populations may be recognized as a separate species,

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The marsh rice rat takes both vegetable and animal food, and is more carnivorous than most small rodents are; dominant food items vary seasonally. Plants eaten include species of

1665:, reach backward between the molars. The palate is long, extending substantially beyond the third molars. The back part, near the third molars, is usually perforated by prominent 1035:

group. The combined data supported the western and eastern clades within the marsh rice rat and placed the Costa Rican population marginally closer to the marsh rice rat than to

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The marsh rice rat currently occurs in much of the eastern and southern United States, northeast to southern New Jersey, and south to southeastern Texas and far northeastern

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1982, p. 279; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108; Goldman, 1918, p. 23; Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 24; Merritt, 1987, p. 173

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from western Mississippi and southeastern Kansas to eastern Texas. Two additional subspecies were described by William J. Hamilton in 1955 from southern Florida:

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reproductive activity in females is less than in males. In the south of its range, animals may breed less when the summer is at its warmest. The duration of the

7686: 1904:, and in water contaminated with oil, they swim less and their mortality increases. The median amount of radiation needed to kill a marsh rice rat is 5.25 1277:. The ears are about the same color as the upperparts, but a patch of light hairs is in front of them. The tail is dark brown above and may be paler below. The 7859: 401:

in corn-cultivating communities. Weighing about 40 to 80 g (1.4 to 2.8 oz), the marsh rice rat is a medium-sized rodent that resembles the common

2517:). Partly because of resistance by the female, the frequency of ejaculation during mating is rather low in marsh rice rats as compared to laboratory rats, 964: 233:

Current (blue) and approximate former (light blue) distribution of the marsh rice rat in the eastern United States. A small part of the distribution of

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would reduce the range of the marsh rice rat in Texas, where it is now common, but may become threatened by habitat loss in the future. A study at the

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Prevalence of antibodies to arenaviruses in rodents from the southern and western United States: evidence for an arenavirus associated with the genus

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that has been fertilized with nitrogen and mainly eats the inner tissue of the stem, perhaps because nitrogen-fertilized plants contain much less

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The population density of the marsh rice rat usually does not reach 10 per ha (4 per acre). The weather may influence population dynamics; in the

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Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Edmonds et al., 2003, p. 41; Bloch and Rose, 2005, p. 303; Negus et al., 1961, p. 103

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Cave and archeological remains indicate that the range of the marsh rice rat has extended substantially further north and west earlier in the

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Comparative gross morphology of male accessory glands among Neotropical Muridae (Mammalia: Rodentia) with comments on systematic implications

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in the United States, have been found in marsh rice rats in Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Another pathogenic bacterium,

488: 1072:. The species is now usually known as the "marsh rice rat", although "marsh oryzomys" has also been in recent use. The Florida Keys form ( 5702:

American animals: a popular guide to the mammals of North America north of Mexico, with intimate biographies of the more familiar species

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McIntyre, N.E., Chu, Y.-K., Owen, R.D., Abuzeineh, A., de la Sancha, N., Dick, C.W., Holsomback, T. Nisbett, R.A. and Jonsson, C. 2005.

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Kosoy, M.Y., Elliott, L.H., Ksiazek, T.G., Fulhorst, C.F., Rollin, P.E., Childs, J.E., Mills, J.N., Maupin, G.O. and Peters, C.J. 1996.

1598:, the rostrum is flatter than in mainland Florida forms, in which it is more convex, and the nasals are said to be relatively longer in 1884:

is absent, as in all members of the Sigmodontinae; if present, as in some other rodents, this foramen perforates the distal end of the

1868:(chest) vertebrae, a synapomorphy of the Sigmodontinae. The anapophyses, processes at the back of vertebrae, are absent from the fifth 7879: 2458:, and sparrows, and may be the most important predator on eggs and young of the marsh wren. Rice rats also eat eggs and young of the 1370:

to have a less yellow fur, but found no significant differences in redness. Substantial variation within populations also was found.

568:, was found in the academy's collection, and Harlan took it upon himself, against Pickering's wishes, to describe the new species as 5253: 742: 5283:

Kosoy, M.Y., Regnery, R.L., Tzianabos, T., Marston, E.L., Jones, D.C., Green, D., Maupin, G.O., Olson, J.G. and Childs, J.E. 1997.

1720:, which anchor some of the chewing muscles, join at a point below the first molar and do not extend forward beyond that point. The 7831: 7738: 7647: 1543:

Some features of the accessory glands in the male genital region vary among oryzomyines. In the marsh rice rat, a single pair of

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Measurements are all in millimeters and are in the form "average (minimum–maximum)", except those of the Florida Keys population.

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Milazzo, M.L., Cajimat, M.N., Hanson, J.D., Bradley, R.D., Quintana, M., Sherman, C., Velásquez, R.T. and Fulhorst, C.F. 2006.

2695: 2297: 1977:(late Pleistocene, less than 300,000 years ago) deposits in Florida and Georgia and remains referred to the extinct subspecies 824:

and the marsh rice rat there were in fact distinct, with the latter being smaller and less brown and more gray in color; their

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in two main clades, but did not recover the western and eastern groups of the marsh rice rat as separate clades. In addition,

7665: 1610:(cheekbone), is broad and develops a notch at its front end. The arches themselves are robust and contain small but distinct 557: 7823: 7626: 1463:

Skulls of the marsh rice rat, seen from above (top row) and below (bottom row), at the left is a South Carolina specimen of

2090:(occur in the same places). In experimental conditions, they fail to interbreed and genetic analysis yields no evidence of 816:

and the marsh rice rat, and accordingly included the former in the marsh rice rat. While reporting on the ecology of Texan

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The marsh rice rat occurs in several habitats, ranging from coastal salt marshes to mountain streams and clearings. It is

1716:, an opening just before the first molar, opens sidewards, not upwards as in a few other oryzomyines. The upper and lower 2960:

Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 216; Harlan, 1837, p. 386; Chapman, 1893, p. 43; Goldman, 1918, pp. 8–9

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1142; Richards, 1980, fig. 1; Winkler, 1990, p. 202

2001:, which are of a different geological origin and were probably never connected to the mainland. The western and eastern 1304:, has even more reduced ungual tufts. Many of these traits are common adaptations to life in the water in oryzomyines. 7660: 7608: 4612:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 278; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108; Wang et al., 2005, pp. 575–576, 581

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A comparison of radiation response, cyanide toxicity and sulfur transferase activity in native North American rodents

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Effects of a flood on relative abundance and diversity of small mammals in a regenerating bottomland hardwood forest

7874: 7056: 5314: 2422: 1047:. They recommended further research in the Mississippi–Alabama–Tennessee region, where the ranges of the two meet. 617: 7691: 5601: 4823: 7387: 7063: 2340: 866: 93: 5649:

Comparison of white-footed mice and rice rats as biomonitors of polychlorinated biphenyl and metal contamination

5477: 1043:, the authors suggested that the western populations of the marsh rice rat be recognized as a separate species, 7380: 6169: 6054: 5933: 5192:

Hofmann, J.E., Gardner, J.E. and Moris, M.J. 1990. Distribution, abundance, and habitat of the marsh rice rat (

2699: 1674: 1326:), and Florida populations are generally more tawny or reddish than either, with those from southern Florida ( 780: 7522: 5328:

Lodge, T.E. 2005. The Everglades handbook: understanding the ecosystem. 2nd edition. CRC Press, 302 pp.

1813:, which divides it into separate cuspules at the labial and lingual (inner) sides of the molar. A crest, the 1040: 7409: 7336: 7098: 7042: 7028: 7021: 7014: 6813: 6806: 6733: 6512: 6276: 5843: 5205:

The glans penis in Neotropical cricetines (Family Muridae) with comments on classification of muroid rodents

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is long and robust, averaging 7.3 mm (0.29 in) long and 4.6 mm (0.18 in) broad, and the

1292:(tufts of hair on the digits) are absent. The hind feet are broad and have a short fifth digit. Many of the 710: 609: 573: 7495: 4808: 473:

that also infects humans. The species is not of conservation concern, but some populations are threatened.

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have been described since the 1890s, mainly from Florida, but disagreement exists over their validity. The

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Cohen and Meyer, 1993, p. 601; Shklair and Ralls, 1988, p. 25; Beiraghi et al., 1988, p. 99

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Nesmith, C.C. and Cox, J. 1985. Red-winged blackbird nest usurpation by rice rats in Florida and Mexico.

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Food availability and photoperiod affect reproductive development and maintenance in the marsh rice rat (

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1982, pp. 278–279; Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108

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DNA found that Florida Keys rice rats exhibit low genetic variation and are significantly different from

510:("rice rats"), a diverse assemblage of over 100 species, and on higher taxonomic levels in the subfamily 7725: 7416: 7084: 7070: 7000: 6761: 6740: 6691: 6454: 6416: 6247: 6233: 6183: 6148: 4022:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 914

2417: 2383: 2367: 2083: 1845: 1810: 1686: 976: 198: 2678:", because it is a common, widespread, and stable species without major threats that occurs in several 7836: 7743: 4049:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Hibbard, 1955, p. 213; Dalquest, 1962, p. 575; 1965, pp. 63, 70

2442:, and snails, but the species is known to eat many other animals, including fish, clams, and juvenile 1717: 1527: 1523: 1457: 7543: 7504: 7329: 7307: 7105: 7077: 7035: 7007: 6993: 6964: 6768: 6698: 6519: 6461: 6408: 6340: 6283: 6240: 6226: 6219: 6212: 6176: 6162: 6075: 6047: 2653: 2509: 2159: 2143: 1394: 1297: 683: 601: 4923: 2628: 1832:, the frontmost cusp, are barely distinct. The second lower molar is elongated and has a crest, the 1824:

Upper (left) and lower (right) molars of a marsh rice rat from Virginia, with the front molars above

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ranges from 6 to 9 days, with an average of 7.72 days. Estrus occurs again after a litter is born.

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is towards the front and the edges are lined by prominent shelves. The marsh rice rat has a narrow

1623: 1476: 1437: 1320: 746: 699: 225: 58: 4737: 1354:). In 1989, Humphrey and Setzer reviewed variation in color among Florida populations. They found 936:

In 2010, Delton Hanson and colleagues published a study of the relationships among populations of

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Small mammals from a Holocene sequence in central Texas and their paleoenvironmental implications

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3; Esher et al., 1978, p. 556

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cultivation, but in some older cave sites the rice rat is found with the extinct giant armadillo

1805:, the front cusp of the upper first molar, is not divided in two by an indentation at its front ( 1631: 1390: 244: 88: 5648: 5005:

A checklist of mammals of the North American continent, the West Indies and the neighboring seas

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Chu, Y.-K., Owen, R.D., Sánchez-Hernández, C., Romero-Almarez, M. de L. and Jonsson, C.B. 2008.

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Abuzeineh, A.A., Owen, R.D., McIntyre, N.E., Dick, C.W., Strauss, R.E. and Holsomback, T. 2007.

2170:), perhaps to move in a straight line, which is an efficient strategy to find suitable habitat. 7810: 7730: 7600: 5825: 5466: 4935:

Effect of dietary vitamin E supplement and rotational stress on alveolar bone loss in rice rats

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in a small area of southern Texas; the only other sigmodontines present are several species of

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Description of a new species of Quadruped, of the order Rodentia, inhabiting the United States

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is administered in male rice rats, the testes are reduced and tend to regress into the body.

1346:—lack the reddish tones of mainland Florida populations and are instead grayish, resembling 7717: 7194: 7186: 6957: 6922: 6915: 6894: 6641: 6591: 6584: 6577: 6570: 6563: 6490: 6480: 6432: 6082: 4504:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Linzey and Hammerson, 2008

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Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Linzey and Hammerson, 2008; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 278

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in a seaside salt marsh in Florida. On islands in North Carolina, rice rats consume eggs of

2181:) is among the most important; one study found that 97.5% of vertebrate remains in barn owl 2059: 1836:, before the two cusps that form the front edge of the molar in some other oryzomyines, the 1828:

The first lower molar is rounded at the front end and the labial and lingual conules of the

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Goldman, 1918, p. 20

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Wolfe, 1982, p. 4; Durden and Kollars, 1997

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Evidence for a recent genetic bottleneck in the endangered Florida Keys silver rice rat (

5449:(Harlan), on Breton Island, Gulf of Mexico, with a critique of the critical stress theory 2044:. Most northern archeological sites date from about 1000 CE and are associated with 717:. He distinguished four subspecies, which he said formed a "closely intergrading series"— 397:, Mexico; its range previously extended further west and north, where it may have been a 5142: 1618:, an opening in the side of the skull above the molars, is large; it is much smaller in 1027:

placed a Costa Rican population within the marsh rice rat clade and some other southern

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as a separate species, but acknowledges a need for further research. A 2005 study using

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Merriam and Goldman had recognized that a number of Central American species, including

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Kollars, T.M. Jr., Ourth, D.D., Lockey, T.D. and Markowski, D. 1996. IgG antibodies to

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Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, p. 4; Nesmith and Cox, 1985

3191:

Stone and Cram, 1903, p. 129; Eliot, 1905, p. 275; Steward, 1951, p. 427

2691: 2687: 2679: 2411: 2079: 2050: 2010: 1938: 1776:, with the chewing edge located behind the vertical plane of the teeth. The molars are 1749: 1713: 1694: 1690: 1607: 1591: 1426: 1414: 877: 807:

and numerous forms with more limited distributions, are related to the marsh rice rat.

784:

Distribution and subspecies of the marsh rice rat according to Goldman (1918): 1.

754: 553: 541: 215: 5628:

Shklair, I.L. and Ralls, S.A. 1988. Periodontopathic micro-organisms in the rice rat (

5397: 5235:

Selected aspects of the nesting ecology of American alligators in the Okefenokee Swamp

5183:

The Jinglebob interglacial (Sangamon?) fauna from Kansas and its climatic significance

4856: 2730: 2378: 1646:) has a somewhat smaller and narrower skull than those from the east outside Florida ( 415:

discovered the marsh rice rat in 1816, and it was formally described in 1837. Several

7853: 7634: 7319: 7254: 7244: 5994: 5984: 5912: 5659: 5270: 4865: 2739: 2675: 2671: 2612: 2608: 2505: 2304: 2256: 2236: 2075: 2037: 1974: 1897: 1765: 1583: 1509: 511: 165: 78: 73: 39: 5338:

Loxterman, J.L., Moncrief, N.D., Dueser, R.D., Carlson, C.R. and Pagels, J.F. 1998.

2466:) and are aggressive towards the sparrow, apparently leading it to avoid nesting in 2429:

plantations, feeding on the rice when it was newly planted. It also eats the fungus

1724:, a raising of the bone of the back of the mandible that houses the back end of the 1574:

The marsh rice rat has a large, flattened skull with a short and broad rostrum. The

1413:

of 60 chromosomal arms (2n = 56, FN = 60). The form of the

7784: 7535: 7399: 6983: 6502: 6138: 6126: 6116: 6018: 6007: 5972: 5964: 5953: 5444: 5412: 4798:

Getting warmer: Effect of global climate change on distribution of rodents in Texas

2658: 2439: 2070:

In Tamaulipas and southern Texas, the ranges of the marsh rice rat and the related

2041: 1918: 1833: 1769: 1702: 1682: 1587: 1579: 1514: 1402: 1398: 945: 844: 655: 646:, but since the 1890s, it has been universally recognized as a genus distinct from 545: 431: 420: 412: 398: 5357: 2319:

protect against bone loss associated with this disease in the rice rat and a high-

2121: 1933: 1784:, low-crowned, as in most other oryzomyines. Many accessory crests, including the 7770: 5787: 5368: 5245: 5064: 4897: 4842:

Systematic studies of oryzomyine rodents (Muridae, Sigmodontinae): a synopsis of

4719: 3125:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152

1744:

Mandible of a marsh rice rat from New Jersey, seen labially (from the outer side)

7673: 7652: 7582: 7489: 7135: 7125: 6929: 6780: 6195: 6104: 6094: 4981:

Durden, L.A. and Kollars, T.M. Jr. 1997. The fleas (Siphonaptera) of Tennessee.

4967: 3059:

Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 419; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1147

2683: 2619: 2351: 2288: 2102: 1986: 1949:, Mexico. The northernmost records in the interior United States are in eastern 1905: 1901: 1829: 1773: 1501: 1289: 1274: 1056: 956: 770: 423:

population is sometimes classified as a different species, the silver rice rat (

358: 7480: 5735: 5104:

Spatial overlap and dietary selection of native rice rats and exotic black rats

4720:

Mammals: General report upon the zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes

3379:

Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 787; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 276

3116:

Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 557; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152

1993:

and Sangamonian of Kansas. In the Florida Keys, rice rats occur on most of the

7438: 7358: 7348: 7232: 7221: 6844: 6833: 6674: 6266: 6030: 5923: 5906: 5867: 5660:

The genetics and development of fused and supernumerary molars in the rice rat

3690:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 27; Weksler, 2006, p. 28, table 5

2894:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Miller and Kellogg, 1955, p. 430

2663: 2640: 2623: 2399: 2336: 2194: 2186: 2182: 2167: 2135: 2055: 1998: 1994: 1970: 1946: 1900:

may increase up to 200%, and rice rats are unable to conserve water well when

1877: 1837: 1814: 1802: 1789: 1781: 1611: 1575: 1530:) is present; it is absent in all other oryzomyines with studied penes except 1441: 1375: 1278: 870: 840: 833: 667: 642: 565: 525: 515: 507: 470: 416: 394: 382: 378: 366: 155: 17: 5433:. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2 vols., 2142 pp. 5340:

Dispersal abilities and genetic population structure of insular and mainland

5034: 1288:

The fore feet have four and the hind feet five digits. On the fore feet, the

1064:; "Bangs' marsh mouse", "Cape Sable rice rat", and "Everglades rice rat" for 847:, and in 1978 Spitzer and Lazell described this population as a new species, 7556: 6444: 6389: 6302: 5284: 2455: 2450: 2444: 2405: 2308: 2216: 2113:

show that they readily cross 300-m (1000 ft) channels between islands.

2091: 2087: 2063: 1990: 1922: 1841: 1642:) generally have the largest and broadest skulls, and the western specimen ( 1627: 1410: 1406: 1270: 1266: 1265:

The marsh rice rat is a medium-sized rodent that looks much like the common

825: 406: 402: 105: 7613: 5647:

Smith, P.N., Cobb, G.P., Harper, F.M., Adair, B.M. and McMurry, S.T. 2002.

4738:

Effect of stannous fluoride and iodine on root caries and bone loss in rats

4695:

On the mammals of Aransas County, Texas, with descriptions of new forms of

3263:

Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1152; Milazzo et al., 2006, p. 1003

465:, and it usually lives for less than a year in the wild. It is infected by 5729:

Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

5641: 5209:

Miscellaneous Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology

4924:

Genetic characterization and phylogeny of a hantavirus from Western Mexico

1758: 1755: 1689:, an opening in the back part of the skull determined by the shape of the 7764: 7704: 7474: 7290: 7278: 7267: 7147: 6624: 6553: 6541: 6531: 6376: 6366: 5888: 5560:

Rose, R.K. and McGurk, S.W. 2006. Year-round diet of the marsh rice rat,

5503: 5493:

Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and related compounds in higher plants

5476:

Oliver, J.H., Magnarelli, L.A., Hutcheson, H.J. and Anderson, J.F. 1999.

2993:

Goldman, 1918, p. 9; Carleton and Arroyo-Cabrales, 2009, p. 116

2492: 2438:

Animals that are important to the marsh rice rat's diet include insects,

2431: 2393: 2358:), but no evidence shows they compete with each other. In the south, the 2324: 2312: 2292: 2280: 2264: 2174: 2126: 2106: 2021: 2017: 2005:

clades within the marsh rice rat may represent expansions from different

1966: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1785: 1777: 1709: 1693:, is present. The squamosal lacks a suspensory process that contacts the 1555: 1551: 1468: 1311:

Marsh rice rats in much of Florida are more reddish than those elsewhere.

1011:

were all included. Data from both of the slower-evolving nuclear markers

829: 637: 596: 483: 462: 443: 175: 125: 5492: 2058:

enabled the rice rat to disperse northward and when the climate cooled,

2054:, suggesting warm climatic conditions. Perhaps a warm period during the 7797: 7574: 6856: 5803: 5709: 5685: 5670: 5586: 5514: 5339: 5299: 5234: 5215: 5168: 5114: 5103: 5089: 5075: 5049: 5015: 4956: 4945: 4913:

A study of pathological conditions in wild rodents in radioactive areas

4912: 4886: 4797: 4763: 4748: 2644: 2518: 2320: 2284: 2228: 2220: 2151: 2029: 1885: 1725: 1548: 1526:, located in the crater at the end of the penis, a fleshy process (the 1505: 1382: 605: 390: 370: 5826:

Effects of crude oil on swimming behavior and survival in the rice rat

5724: 5204: 5182: 4736:

Beiraghi, S., Rosen, S., Wright, K., Spuller, R. and Beck, F.M. 1988.

4727:

The land mammals of peninsular Florida and the coast region of Georgia

579:

is Latin for "marshy" and refers to the usual habitat of the species.

481:

The marsh rice rat is classified as one of eight species in the genus

7587: 7517: 5900: 5894: 5882: 5187:

Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan

4957:

New Pleistocene formation and local fauna from Hardeman County, Texas

4408:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, pp. 279–280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3

2651:) has also been found in Florida marsh rice rats. Antibodies against 2487:

88% to 95% of the energy in their food. They lose weight when fed on

2468: 2415:, among others; it mainly eats seeds and succulent parts. It prefers 2350:

In the northern part of its range, the species often occurs with the

2316: 2244: 1954: 1678: 1662: 1547:

is present at the penis. As is usual for sigmodontines, two pairs of

1430: 1386: 1282: 972: 774: 386: 381:. It is found mostly in the eastern and southern United States, from 362: 145: 135: 115: 7451: 5591:

species group) in southern Texas and northeastern Tamaulipas, Mexico

4621:

Hofmann et al., 1990, p. 162; Eubanks et al., 2011, p. 558

3370:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 24; Weksler, 2006, pp. 23–25

2972:

Merritt, 1987, p. 173; Schwartz and Schwartz, 2001, p. 192

1315:

Some geographic variation in fur color occurs; western populations (

572:, proclaiming it one of the few true rats of the United States. The 7561: 5033:

Eubanks, B.W., Hellgren, E.C., Nawrot, J.R. and Bluett, R.D. 2011.

4594:

Oliver et al., 1999, p. 578; Kollars et al., 1996, p. 130

4241:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281; Wolfe, 1982, pp. 2–3

4214:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279; Wolfe, 1982, pp. 3–4

2615:

and has been used as a model system for the study of that disease.

632:"mouse" and refers to the rat's habit of eating rice. At the time, 5776: 5765: 5482:

from mammals at Cape Hatteras, NC and Assateague Island, MD and VA

2377: 2272: 2268: 2120: 2045: 1932: 1914: 1819: 1739: 1701:, a defining character of oryzomyines. Some openings occur in the 1306: 988: 779: 721:

from New Jersey to southeastern Mississippi and eastern Missouri;

454: 374: 5429:

Mammal Species of the World: a taxonomic and geographic reference

5248:. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 240 pp. 4841: 4576:

Milazzo et al., 2006, p. 1003; Chu et al., 2008, p. 188

2480:). They have been observed preying on alligator eggs in Georgia. 2086:

counties, Texas, and in far northeastern Tamaulipas, the two are

1764:(one upper and one lower incisor and three upper and three lower 5777:

Ten new genera of oryzomyine rodents (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae)

5398:

Catacamas virus, a hantaviral species naturally associated with

5141:

Hanson, J.D., Indorf, J.L., Swier, V.J. and Bradley, R.D. 2010.

4399:

Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 280; Wolfe, 1982, p. 3

4139:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279

3630:

Weksler, 2006, pp. 57–58; Voss and Linzey, 1981, p. 13

2426: 2276: 2033: 2025: 960: 690:

as a separate species in 1901 and described a subspecies of it,

591: 564:

in Philadelphia to confirm its identity. Another specimen, from

7548: 7455: 5839: 5427: 4828:

complex (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in Western Mexico

4031:

Wolfe, 1982, p. 1; Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1142

2425:

in their inner tissues. The marsh rice rat was a major pest on

5300:

Use of tidal marsh and upland habitats by the marsh rice rat (

3603:

Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 13; Weksler, 2006, p. 57

1293: 5426:. Pp. 894–1531 in Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. (eds.). 4946:

The Good Creek Formation, Pleistocene of Texas, and its fauna

2984:

Baird, 1857, pp. 458, 482, 484; Goldman, 1918, p. 9

855:—has remained controversial since; the 2005 third edition of 670:

of the marsh rice rat were described from the United States:

5315:

Periodontitis. Animal model: periodontitis in the rice rat (

2267:

have been recorded on the marsh rice rat, including various

2185:

were marsh rice rats. Other predators include birds such as

1856:

As usual in oryzomyines, 12 ribs are present. The first rib

1085:

Measurements of different populations of the marsh rice rat

912:). However, Whitaker and Hamilton in their 1998 book on the 453:, occurs with the marsh rice rat in Tamaulipas and southern 5602:

Limited perceptual range and anemotaxis in marsh rice rats

5491:

Otte, M.L., Wilson, G., Morris, J.T. and Moran, B.M. 2004.

2674:

assesses the conservation status of the marsh rice rat as "

5216:

Geographic variation and taxonomic revision of rice rats (

4781:

Brunjes, J.H., IV and Webster, W.D. 2003. Marsh rice rat,

1880:(small bones) are present with a spinous back border. The 1566:

is irregularly folded, not smooth as in most oryzomyines.

1330:) being brighter than those from the center of the state ( 1673:, the gap behind the end of the palate, is perforated by 5118:

only subspecifically different from the marsh rice rat,

4648:

Cameron and Scheel, 2001, table 3, pp. 668–669

3873:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 45–46; fig. 26A

2323:

diet increases the severity of periodontitis. A case of

1780:, with the cusps higher than the connecting crests, and 1060:"swimming rice rat", and "Central Florida rice rat" for 5575:. 2nd edition. University of Texas Press, 501 pp. 5358:

A longitudinal study of Bayou virus, hosts, and habitat

4807:

Cantrell, M.A., Carstens, B.C. and Wichman, H.A. 2009.

3918:

Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 46, fig. 27A, B

1677:, which are set far to the front. The condition of the 1389:-hemiglandular); it is not split in two chambers by an 820:

in 1979, Benson and Gehlbach noted that populations of

5690:) as a possible laboratory animal for special purposes 5169:

First South American record of Coues' marsh rice rat,

2627:

contact with these excreta. Two related hantaviruses,

2327:

has been observed in a North Carolina marsh rice rat.

1429:

occurs in the marsh rice rat, though the animal lacks

5198:

Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science

4988:

Edmonds, K.E. Jr., Riggs, L. and Stetson, M.H. 2003.

3032:

Merriam, 1901, p. 275; Goldman, 1918, p. 20

1772:. The upper incisors are well developed and strongly 1417:

has been used to distinguish the marsh rice rat from

1366:

to be somewhat darker than mainland populations, and

5775:

Weksler, M., Percequillo, A.R. and Voss, R.S. 2006.

4731:

Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History

3541:

Goldman, 1918, plate I, figs. 1, 1a, 2, 2a

3050:

Benson and Gehlbach, 1979, p. 227, table 2

1669:, which are recessed into fossae (depressions). The 987:

data placed all marsh rice rats studied sister to a

7754: 7464: 7426: 7397: 7368: 7346: 7317: 7288: 7264: 7242: 7218: 7145: 7123: 6981: 6854: 6830: 6778: 6672: 6622: 6551: 6529: 6500: 6478: 6442: 6386: 6364: 6300: 6264: 6193: 6136: 6114: 6092: 6028: 6004: 5982: 5950: 5921: 5136:

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington

3882:

Goldman, 1918, plate VI, figs. 1, 1a

1031:specimens closer to the marsh rice rat than to the 924:as separate subspecies, but merged all others into 5770:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 5130:Hamilton, W.J. Jr. 1955. Two new rice rats (Genus 4906:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4849:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4832:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4706:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 4330:Wolfe, 1982, p. 2; Kruchek, 2004, p. 573 5664:Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology 5406:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5377:Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences 5362:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5293:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5285:Distribution, diversity, and host specificity of 5278:American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 5076:Distribution and habitat of the silver rice rat, 4040:Weksler, 2006, p. 88; Wolfe, 1982, p. 1 3146:Hanson et al., 2010, figs. 1–2, table 1 2639:in Honduras and western Mexico, respectively. An 2454:turtles. They scavenge on carcasses of muskrats, 2062:populations were able to survive in the north as 1385:has the characteristic pattern of sigmodontines ( 1296:are reduced, as are the ungual tufts, but small 5734:Wang, Y., Williams, D.A. and Gaines, M.S. 2005. 4749:Ecological and taxonomic notes on the rice rat ( 1809:), but does display a hollow in the middle, the 880:study by Humphrey and Setzer separated only two— 713:again recognized all these as a single species, 5443:Negus, N.C., Gould, E. and Chipman, R.K. 1961. 5386:. University of Pittsburgh Press, 408 pp. 5014:Esher, R.J., Wolfe, J.L. and Layne, J.N. 1978. 2903:Carleton and Arroyo-Cabrales, 2009, p. 106 2129:is an important predator of the marsh rice rat. 1973:. Fossils of the marsh rice rat are known from 1917:in both adult and juvenile rice rats. When the 5587:Genic variation and systematics of rice rats ( 5555:Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Sciences 5289:in rodents from the southeastern United States 5264:Journal of Spirochetal and Tick-Borne Diseases 2618:The marsh rice rat is the primary host of the 1562:prostate glands exist. Part of the end of the 1493:Skull from South Carolina, seen from the left. 1425:species to be useful in differentiating them. 1405:(shared-derived character) of Oryzomyini. The 1338:) is silvery, and the two other Florida forms— 636:was recognized either as a full genus or as a 548:. Bachman intended to describe the species as 5851: 5705:. Doubleday, Page & Company, 316 pp. 5618:. University of Missouri Press, 368 pp. 5039:) in freshwater wetlands of southern Illinois 4822:Carleton, M.D. and Arroyo-Cabrales, J. 2009. 4813:evolution in a rodent lacking LINE-1 activity 3837:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, pp. 278–279 2483:Laboratory studies have found that rice rats 2009:which the species was restricted to during a 1582:bones extend back beyond the point where the 590:, considering it more closely related to the 540:The marsh rice rat was discovered in 1816 in 42:(300,000 years before present) – present 8: 5035:Habitat associations of the marsh rice rat ( 4395: 4393: 4112:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, pp. 915–916 1393:and the front part (antrum) is covered by a 4374: 4372: 3648:Weksler, 2006, pp. 27–28, table 5 3436:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, pp. 563–564 2134:vegetation. They may also use old nests of 1969:, but the species is absent in much of the 965:interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein 612:argued that the referral of the species to 7452: 5858: 5844: 5836: 5519:on the habitat use of the seaside sparrow 5471:Comparative Biochemistry and Biophysiology 4911:Childs, H.E. Jr. and Cosgrove, G.E. 1966. 4885:Chamberlain, M.J. and Leopold, B.D. 2003. 4357:Chamberlain and Leopold, 2003, p. 307 4223:Schooley and Branch, 2005, pp. 59, 63 3846:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 40, 42 2173:Many animals prey on marsh rice rats. The 2094:or hybridization in the wild. Compared to 1083: 940:on the basis of data from three genes—the 224: 67: 48: 31: 5792:. Cornell University Press, 583 pp. 5740:) revealed by microsatellite DNA analyses 5669:Spitzer, N.C. and Lazell, J.D. Jr. 1978. 5533:A Field Guide to Mammals of North America 5090:Taxonomic status of the silver rice rat, 4713:The quadrupeds of North America. Vol. III 4299: 4297: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4232:Schooley and Branch, 2005, pp. 64–65 3855:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 39–40 3306:Carleton and Musser, 1989, pp. 22–23 3133: 3131: 3094: 3092: 2667:, is known from Georgia marsh rice rats. 1634:. According to Goldman, Florida animals ( 1540:. The baculum is deeper than it is wide. 705:. In his 1918 revision of North American 5786:Whitaker, J.O. and Hamilton, W.J. 1998. 5614:Schwartz, C.W. and Schwartz, E.R. 2001. 5508:Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 5009:Field Columbian Museum Zoological Series 4464: 4462: 4291:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 281 4156: 4154: 4058:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 277 3986:O'Farrell and Dilley, 1975, table 1 3677: 3675: 3656: 3654: 3553:Goldman, 1918, plate V, fig. 1 3549: 3547: 3519: 3517: 3468:Whitaker and Hamilton, 1998, p. 279 3464: 3462: 3460: 3414: 3412: 3199: 3197: 2947: 2945: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2622:(BAYV), the second-most common agent of 2523: 1319:) are lighter than those from the east ( 487:, which is distributed from the eastern 5585:Schmidt, C.A. and Engstrom, M.D. 1994. 5553:) remains from southern Indiana caves. 5535:, 4th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. 5465:O'Farrell, T.P. and Dilley, J.V. 1975. 5411:Miller, G.S. Jr. and Kellogg, R. 1955. 4416: 4414: 4130:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 922 4121:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 920 4103:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 916 4094:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 914 3945:Weksler, 2006, p. 53; fig. 28 3927:Weksler, 2006, p. 52, table 5 3824: 3822: 3762:Weksler, 2006, p. 41, table 5 3681:Schmidt and Engstrom, 1994, p. 917 3563: 3561: 3559: 3323: 3321: 3211: 3209: 3086:Musser and Carleton, 2005, p. 1153 2968: 2966: 2775: 2773: 2718: 2525:Body masses reported at different ages 1654:, the skull is also relatively narrow. 1630:lined by prominent ridges and a narrow 876:Among the described subspecies, a 1989 532:) in the southern half of the country. 5600:Schooley, R.L. and Branch, L.C. 2005. 5422:Musser, G.G. and Carleton, M.D. 2005. 5417:United States National Museum Bulletin 5214:Humphrey, S.R. and Setzer, H.W. 1989. 5147:complex: evidence for multiple species 4840:Carleton, M.D. and Musser, G.G. 1989. 4747:Benson, D.E. and Gehlbach, F.R. 1979. 4639:Eubanks et al., 2011, pp. 558–559 4438:Brunjes and Webster, 2003, p. 654 4013:Edmonds and Stetson, 1995, p. 274 3995:Childs and Cosgrove, 1966, p. 309 3964: 3962: 3960: 3789:Carleton and Musser, 1984, p. 292 3532:Stalling and Haynes, 1982, p. 306 3523:Stalling and Haynes, 1982, p. 301 3427:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 558 3284: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3241: 3239: 3155:Hanson et al., 2010, figs. 1, 3–4 3077:Humphrey and Setzer, 1989, p. 557 3010: 3008: 2951:Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 216 2867: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2841: 2839: 2820: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2779:Audubon and Bachman, 1854, p. 214 2763: 2761: 2724: 2722: 1896:In poor conditions, the weight of the 908:from the rest of the range (including 839:In 1973, rice rats were discovered at 5571:Schmidly, D.J. and Davis, W.B. 2004. 5504:Animal models for periodontal disease 5413:List of North American Recent mammals 5050:Inter-island movements of rice rats ( 4657:Schmidly and Davis, 2004, p. 382 4196:Schmidly and Davis, 2004, p. 381 3909:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 44 3891:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 43 3864:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 42 3798:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 37 3717:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 30 3699:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 29 3669:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 26 3660:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 788 3639:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 25 3576:Hooper and Musser, 1964, table 1 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3348: 3346: 3344: 3342: 3327:Carleton and Musser, 1989, p. 23 2980: 2978: 2885:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978, p. 787 2796: 2794: 2698:found that rice rats accumulate more 1728:, is present, but not as large as in 1378:east of the Mississippi River delta. 1076:) is known as the "silver rice rat". 7: 5789:Mammals of the Eastern United States 5710:Life history of the Texas rice rat ( 5384:Guide to the mammals of Pennsylvania 5203:Hooper, E.T. and Musser, G.G. 1964. 4711:Audubon, J.J. and Bachman, J. 1854. 4169:Forys and Duesser, 1993, p. 411 1937:A marsh rice rat walking on mesh in 1661:, openings in the front part of the 1300:are present. The Florida Keys form, 914:Mammals of the Eastern United States 7860:IUCN Red List least concern species 5526:Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 5048:Forys, E.A. and Dueser, R.D. 1993. 4968:Copulatory behaviour of rice rats ( 4898:Description of a new subspecies of 4866:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 4567:McIntyre et al., 2005, p. 1048 4558:McIntyre et al., 2005, p. 1043 3567:Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 13 2740:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 1522:among oryzomyines examined. On the 1409:includes 56 chromosomes and a 745:and two miles (3 km) north of 682:from elsewhere in Florida in 1898. 616:was erroneous and introduced a new 491:(marsh rice rat) into northwestern 441:. The species is part of the genus 5824:Wolfe, J.L. and Esher, R.J. 1981. 5723:Voss, R.S. and Linzey, A.V. 1981. 5658:Sofaer, J.A. and Shaw, J.H. 1971. 5244:Kays, R.W. and Wilson, D.E. 2000. 4933:Cohen, M.E. and Meyer, D.M. 1993. 4789:, eggs in coastal North Carolina. 4715:. New York: V. G. Audubon, 348 pp. 4348:Abuzeineh et al., 2007, p. 75 3977:Wolfe and Esher, 1981, p. 489 3612:Hooper and Musser, 1964, p. 7 3418:Kays and Wilson, 2000, p. 108 2279:among external parasites and many 1606:, the flattened front part of the 991:containing various populations of 733:Merriam) in southern Florida; and 25: 5373:) of the United States and Mexico 5369:Synopsis of the rice rats (genus 5233:Hunt, R.H. and Ogden, J.J. 1991. 4762:Bloch, C.P. and Rose, R.K. 2005. 4447:Hunt and Ogden, 1991, p. 450 4303:Bloch and Rose, 2005, p. 302 4085:Richards, 1980, pp. 426, 429 3511:Sofaer and Shaw, 1971, p. 99 3203:Stone and Cram, 1903, p. 130 662:Species boundaries and subspecies 5751:Kyphosis in the marsh rice rat ( 5143:Molecular divergence within the 5016:Swimming behavior of rice rats ( 4603:Kosoy et al., 1997, table 2 4549:Oz and Puleo, 2011, pp. 2–3 4076:Richards, 1980, pp. 429–430 4004:Edmonds et al., 2003, p. 41 3486:Cantrell et al., 2009, p. 1 3173:Hanson et al., 2010, p. 342 3164:Hanson et al., 2010, fig. 5 3137:Hanson et al., 2010, p. 337 2201:); snakes such as cottonmouths ( 1486: 1456: 1421:, but may be too variable among 1358:to be substantially lighter and 884:from much of Florida (including 92: 27:North American species of rodent 5699:Stone, W. and Cram, W.E. 1903. 5545:Richards, R.L. 1980. Rice rat ( 5502:Oz, H.S. and Puleo, D.A. 2011. 5162:The American Journal of Science 4785:, predation on Forster's tern, 4666:Smith et al., 2002, p. 261 4585:Kosoy et al., 1996, p. 574 4513:Negus et al., 1961, p. 103 4378:Otto et al., 2004, p. 1922 4259:Leopard, 1979, pp. 643–645 3336:Esher et al., 1978, p. 551 3002:Merriam, 1901, pp. 276–277 2696:Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant 2387:is eaten by the marsh rice rat. 2298:Parasites of the marsh rice rat 1872:. Between the second and third 832:) in southern Texas and nearby 584:The quadrupeds of North America 320:Oryzomys palustris planirostris 5497:Journal of Experimental Botany 5065:The rice rats of North America 4809:X chromosome inactivation and 4312:Wang et al., 2005, p. 576 3477:Hershkovitz, 1987, p. 154 3388:Weksler, 2006, pp. 79, 81 3107:Wang et al., 2005, p. 581 3098:Wang et al., 2005, p. 575 2295:among internal parasites (see 2020:, into central Texas, eastern 1257:=Number of specimens measured. 624:. The name combines the Greek 1: 5564:, in Virginia tidal marshes. 5486:Journal of Medical Entomology 5402:(Coues' oryzomys) in Honduras 5323:American Journal of Pathology 4796:Cameron, G.N. and Scheel, D. 3936:Weksler, 2006, pp. 52–53 3816:Weksler, 2006, pp. 44–49 3807:Weksler, 2006, pp. 43–44 3780:Weksler, 2006, pp. 41–42 3753:Weksler, 2006, pp. 40–41 3735:Weksler, 2006, pp. 38–39 3708:Goldman, 1918, pp. 23–27 3594:Weksler, 2006, pp. 56–57 3585:Weksler, 2006, pp. 55–56 3454:Weksler, 2006, pp. 58–59 2912:Weksler et al., 2006, table 1 2028:, central Illinois, southern 7885:Taxa named by Richard Harlan 7870:Rodents of the United States 5759:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 5616:The wild mammals of Missouri 4680:Response of marsh rice rat ( 4148:Eubanks et al., 2011, p. 552 3288:Hamilton, 1955, table 1 3041:Hall, 1960, pp. 172–173 2702:, but less heavy metal than 2657:, the bacterium that causes 1788:on the upper molars and the 1622:. The narrowest part of the 1554:glands and a single pair of 1190:O. p. planirostris 600:, and also recorded it from 586:, Bachman redescribed it as 296:Oryzomys palustris coloratus 5808:The Southwestern Naturalist 5712:Oryzomys palustris texensis 5675:) from Florida's Lower Keys 5566:Virginia Journal of Science 5515:The influence of rice rats 5125:The Southwestern Naturalist 5058:American Midland Naturalist 4917:American Midland Naturalist 4891:The Southwestern Naturalist 4688:The Southwestern Naturalist 4495:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 274 4486:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 271 4477:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 269 4468:Dewsbury, 1970, p. 268 4205:Goodyear, 1992, p. 190 3068:Goodyear, 1991, p. 423 2370:from that of the rice rat. 1965:, and the southern half of 1667:posterolateral palatal pits 1068:; and "Texas rice rat" for 858:Mammal Species of the World 761:described a new species of 650:, with the marsh rice rat ( 562:Academy of Natural Sciences 328:Oryzomys palustris sanibeli 304:Oryzomys natator floridanus 288:Oryzomys palustris texensis 7901: 5688:Oryzomys palustris natator 4684:) to inundation of habitat 4630:Merritt, 1987, p. 176 4540:Steward, 1951, p. 429 4277:Webster, 1987, p. 172 4160:Kruchek, 2004, p. 569 3023:Dalquest, 1965, p. 70 2871:Hamilton, 1955, p. 85 2859:Hamilton, 1955, p. 83 2845:Hibbard, 1955, p. 213 2833:Merriam, 1901, p. 277 2499:Reproduction and lifecycle 2423:dimethylsulfoniopropionate 2213:Alligator mississippiensis 1997:, but are absent from the 1334:). The Florida Keys form ( 731:O. natator floridanus 698:to be nearly identical to 279:Oryzomys palustris natator 7880:Mammals described in 1837 5877: 5828:(subscription required). 5806:(subscription required). 5781:American Museum Novitates 5742:(subscription required). 5716:(subscription required). 5692:(subscription required). 5677:(subscription required). 5651:(subscription required). 5607:(subscription required). 5593:(subscription required). 5524:(subscription required). 5495:(subscription required). 5469:(subscription required). 5453:Tulane Studies in Zoology 5445:Ecology of the rice rat, 5349:(subscription required). 5306:(subscription required). 5276:(subscription required). 5262:in rodents in Tennessee. 5237:(subscription required). 5226:(subscription required). 5174:(subscription required). 5149:(subscription required). 5123:(subscription required). 5106:(subscription required). 5095:(subscription required). 5081:(subscription required). 5056:(subscription required). 5041:(subscription required). 5026:(subscription required). 4998:Physiology & Behavior 4996:(subscription required). 4983:Journal of Vector Ecology 4974:(subscription required). 4959:(subscription required). 4948:(subscription required). 4937:(subscription required). 4926:(subscription required). 4915:(subscription required). 4889:(subscription required). 4800:(subscription required). 4791:Canadian Field-Naturalist 4774:(subscription required). 4772:in Virginia tidal marshes 4755:(subscription required). 4686:(subscription required). 4522:Svihla, 1931, p. 238 4339:Wolfe, 1982, pp. 1–2 4321:Wolfe, 1982, pp. 2–3 3954:Weksler, 2006, p. 54 3900:Weksler, 2006, p. 49 3828:Weksler, 2006, p. 44 3771:Weksler, 2006, p. 42 3744:Weksler, 2006, p. 40 3726:Weksler, 2006, p. 37 3621:Weksler, 2006, p. 57 3445:Weksler, 2006, p. 59 3397:Goldman, 1918, p. 20 3361:Weksler, 2006, p. 23 3272:Goldman, 1918, p. 23 3245:Goldman, 1918, p. 27 3233:Goldman, 1918, p. 26 3224:Goldman, 1918, p. 25 3014:Goldman, 1918, p. 22 2939:Chapman, 1893, p. 43 2930:Musser and Carleton, 2005 2800:Chapman, 1893, p. 44 2767:Harlan, 1837, p. 385 2700:polychlorinated biphenyls 2643:normally associated with 1473:O. p. coloratus 1465:O. p. palustris 1448:Male reproductive anatomy 1427:X chromosome inactivation 1248: 1150:O. p. coloratus 1110:O. p. palustris 1066:O. p. coloratus 853:O. palustris natator 794:O. p. coloratus 786:O. p. palustris 727:O. p. coloratus 719:O. p. palustris 640:of the now-defunct genus 594:then placed in the genus 552:, but sent a specimen to 250: 243: 232: 223: 204: 197: 89:Scientific classification 87: 65: 56: 47: 34: 5478:Ticks and antibodies to 5460:Florida Field Naturalist 5246:Mammals of North America 5196:) in southern Illinois. 5167:Hershkovitz, P.M. 1987. 4939:Archives of Oral Biology 4531:Lodge, 2005, p. 177 3215:Eliot, 1905, p. 181 3182:Baird, 1857, p. 482 2921:Weksler, 2006, p. 3 2824:Bangs, 1898, p. 189 2812:Allen, 1894, p. 177 2788:Baird, 1857, p. 459 1979:O. p. fossilis 1929:Distribution and habitat 1675:sphenopalatine vacuities 1440:mutation. At about 50%, 1210:O. p. sanibeli 1170:O. p. texensis 1070:O. p. texensis 1019:also placed examples of 798:O. p. texensis 735:O. p. texensis 678:from Texas in 1894, and 620:for the marsh rice rat, 467:many different parasites 340:Spitzer and Lazell, 1978 5653:Environmental Pollution 4961:Journal of Paleontology 4950:Journal of Paleontology 4776:Northeastern Naturalist 4770:Microtus pennsylvanicus 4764:Population dynamics of 4742:Ohio Journal of Science 4387:Reid, 2006, p. 303 2368:differentiate its niche 2356:Microtus pennsylvanicus 1908:and the lethal dose of 1770:usual in muroid rodents 1624:region between the eyes 1537:Holochilus brasiliensis 1510:covered by small spines 1130:O. p. natator 1062:O. p. natator 1041:genetic species concept 790:O. p. natator 723:O. p. natator 711:Edward Alphonso Goldman 610:Spencer Fullerton Baird 369:. It usually occurs in 5830:Environmental Research 5694:The Journal of Hygiene 5671:A new rice rat (genus 5239:Journal of Herpetology 5224:) of the United States 4429:Post, 1981, p. 40 4420:Post, 1981, p. 35 4366:Wolfe, 1982, p. 3 3968:Wolfe, 1982, p. 2 3502:Wolfe, 1982, p. 4 3352:Wolfe, 1982, p. 1 2388: 2204:Agkistrodon piscivorus 2130: 1942: 1882:entepicondylar foramen 1825: 1745: 1681:in the head is highly 1616:sphenopalatine foramen 1467:, at the right is the 1312: 800: 674:from Florida in 1893, 666:In the 1890s, several 7726:Paleobiology Database 5744:Conservation Genetics 5102:Goodyear, N.C. 1992. 5088:Goodyear, N.C. 1991. 5074:Goodyear, N.C. 1987. 4966:Dewsbury, D.A. 1970. 4955:Dalquest, W.W. 1965. 4944:Dalquest, W.W. 1962. 4855:Cassola, F. (2017) . 2729:Cassola, F. (2017) . 2418:Spartina alterniflora 2384:Spartina alterniflora 2381: 2160:round-tailed muskrats 2144:red-winged blackbirds 2140:Cistothorus palustris 2124: 1936: 1846:anterolabial cingulum 1823: 1811:anteromedian fossette 1743: 1687:subsquamosal fenestra 1310: 977:alcohol dehydrogenase 783: 608:. Three years later, 393:and northeasternmost 291:J.A. Allen, 1894 239:is also shown (red). 7439:Ekbletomys hypenemus 5973:A. praeuniversitatis 5802:Winkler, A.J. 1990. 5749:Webster, W.D. 1987. 5718:Journal of Mammalogy 5686:The swamp rice rat ( 5684:Steward, J.S. 1951. 5679:Journal of Mammalogy 5595:Journal of Mammalogy 5573:The mammals of Texas 5480:Borrelia burgdorferi 5424:Superfamily Muroidea 5382:Merritt, J.F. 1987. 5367:Merriam, C.H. 1901. 5351:Journal of Mammalogy 5313:Leopard, E.P. 1979. 5308:Journal of Mammalogy 5298:Kruchek, B.L. 2004. 5260:Borrelia burgdorferi 5228:Journal of Mammalogy 5181:Hibbard, C.W. 1955. 5176:Journal of Mammalogy 5151:Journal of Mammalogy 5108:Journal of Mammalogy 5097:Journal of Mammalogy 5083:Journal of Mammalogy 5069:North American Fauna 5063:Goldman, E.A. 1918. 5043:Journal of Mammalogy 5028:Journal of Mammalogy 4902:from the Gulf States 4896:Chapman, F.M. 1893. 4873:: e.T42675A115200837 4802:Journal of Mammalogy 4757:Journal of Mammalogy 2654:Borrelia burgdorferi 2464:Ammodramus maritimus 2117:Behavior and ecology 1852:Postcranial skeleton 1844:. A distinct ridge ( 1395:glandular epithelium 725:in central Florida; 684:Clinton Hart Merriam 5738:Oryzomys argentatus 5346:Peromyscus leucopus 5092:Oryzomys argentatus 5078:Oryzomys argentatus 5020:) and cotton rats ( 2708:Peromyscus leucopus 2526: 2331:Population dynamics 2148:Agelaius phoeniceus 2040:, and southwestern 1860:with both the last 1807:anteromedian flexus 1671:mesopterygoid fossa 1477:Cape Sable, Florida 1438:autosomal recessive 1086: 861:does not recognize 849:Oryzomys argentatus 425:Oryzomys argentatus 337:Oryzomys argentatus 59:Conservation status 7523:oryzomys-palustris 7510:Oryzomys_palustris 7496:Oryzomys palustris 7466:Oryzomys palustris 5815:Oryzomys palustris 5813:Wolfe, J.L. 1982. 5764:Weksler, M. 2006. 5753:Oryzomys palustris 5630:Oryzomys palustris 5604:Oryzomys palustris 5589:Oryzomys palustris 5562:Oryzomys palustris 5521:Ammospiza maritima 5517:Oryzomys palustris 5499:55(404):1919–1925. 5447:Oryzomys palustris 5342:Oryzomys palustris 5317:Oryzomys palustris 5302:Oryzomys palustris 5222:O. argentatus 5218:Oryzomys palustris 5194:Oryzomys palustris 5145:Oryzomys palustris 5120:Oryzomys palustris 5052:Oryzomys palustris 5037:Oryzomys palustris 5018:Oryzomys palustris 5003:Eliot, D.G. 1905. 4992:Oryzomys palustris 4970:Oryzomys palustris 4859:Oryzomys palustris 4783:Oryzomys palustris 4766:Oryzomys palustris 4718:Baird, S.F. 1857. 4693:Allen, J.A. 1894. 4682:Oryzomys palustris 2733:Oryzomys palustris 2633:Playa de Oro virus 2602:Human interactions 2524: 2389: 2156:Ondatra zibethicus 2131: 2111:Delmarva Peninsula 2074:meet; in parts of 1943: 1826: 1746: 1697:, the roof of the 1632:interparietal bone 1596:P. o. planirostris 1411:fundamental number 1391:incisura angularis 1360:P. o. planirostris 1348:P. o. planirostris 1340:P. o. planirostris 1313: 1230:O. argentatus 1084: 1009:O. p. planirostris 930:O. argentatus 918:O. p. planirostris 890:O. p. planirostris 863:O. argentatus 801: 739:O. p. planirostris 715:Oryzomys palustris 652:Oryzomys palustris 588:Arvicola oryzivora 550:Arvicola oryzivora 373:habitats, such as 355:Oryzomys palustris 270:Oryzomys palustris 262:Arvicola oryzivora 208:Oryzomys palustris 7875:Rodents of Mexico 7847: 7846: 7713:Open Tree of Life 7458:Taxon identifiers 7449: 7448: 5871: 5866:Species of tribe 5819:Mammalian Species 5798:978-0-8014-3475-4 5708:Svihla, A. 1931. 5624:978-0-8262-1359-4 5609:Acta Theriologica 5581:978-0-292-70241-7 5541:978-0-395-93596-5 5531:Reid, F.A. 2006. 5484:(abstract only). 5439:978-0-8018-8221-0 5392:978-0-8229-5393-7 5334:978-1-56670-614-8 5156:Harlan, R. 1837. 5113:Hall, E.R. 1960. 5022:Sigmodon hispidus 2704:white-footed mice 2635:, are known from 2595: 2594: 2364:Sigmodon hispidus 2360:hispid cotton rat 2261:Mephitis mephitis 1910:potassium cyanide 1864:(neck) and first 1718:masseteric ridges 1659:incisive foramina 1298:interdigital webs 1263: 1262: 1258: 1251: 1045:Oryzomys texensis 759:Claude W. Hibbard 694:, but considered 558:Charles Pickering 439:Oryzomys texensis 427:). Data from the 347: 346: 341: 332: 324: 316: 312:Oryzomys fossilis 308: 300: 292: 283: 275: 266: 258: 190:O. palustris 82: 16:(Redirected from 7892: 7840: 7839: 7827: 7826: 7814: 7813: 7801: 7800: 7788: 7787: 7775: 7774: 7773: 7747: 7746: 7734: 7733: 7721: 7720: 7708: 7707: 7695: 7694: 7682: 7681: 7669: 7668: 7656: 7655: 7643: 7642: 7630: 7629: 7617: 7616: 7604: 7603: 7591: 7590: 7578: 7577: 7565: 7564: 7552: 7551: 7539: 7538: 7526: 7525: 7513: 7512: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7485: 7484: 7483: 7453: 7057:O. longicaudatus 6481:Microakodontomys 6105:D. albimaculatus 6055:C. maracajuensis 5934:A. galapagoensis 5869: 5860: 5853: 5846: 5837: 5419:205:i–xii+1–954. 5408:75(5):1003–1010. 5200:83(3–4):162–180. 5134:) from Florida. 4976:Animal Behaviour 4882: 4880: 4878: 4819:4(7):e6252; 1–9. 4725:Bangs, O. 1898. 4673:Literature cited 4667: 4664: 4658: 4655: 4649: 4646: 4640: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4622: 4619: 4613: 4610: 4604: 4601: 4595: 4592: 4586: 4583: 4577: 4574: 4568: 4565: 4559: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4529: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4511: 4505: 4502: 4496: 4493: 4487: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4469: 4466: 4457: 4454: 4448: 4445: 4439: 4436: 4430: 4427: 4421: 4418: 4409: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4310: 4304: 4301: 4292: 4289: 4278: 4275: 4269: 4266: 4260: 4257: 4251: 4248: 4242: 4239: 4233: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4206: 4203: 4197: 4194: 4188: 4185: 4179: 4176: 4170: 4167: 4161: 4158: 4149: 4146: 4140: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4122: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4092: 4086: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4059: 4056: 4050: 4047: 4041: 4038: 4032: 4029: 4023: 4020: 4014: 4011: 4005: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3987: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3969: 3966: 3955: 3952: 3946: 3943: 3937: 3934: 3928: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3901: 3898: 3892: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3862: 3856: 3853: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3829: 3826: 3817: 3814: 3808: 3805: 3799: 3796: 3790: 3787: 3781: 3778: 3772: 3769: 3763: 3760: 3754: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3727: 3724: 3718: 3715: 3709: 3706: 3700: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3682: 3679: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3649: 3646: 3640: 3637: 3631: 3628: 3622: 3619: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3592: 3586: 3583: 3577: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3554: 3551: 3542: 3539: 3533: 3530: 3524: 3521: 3512: 3509: 3503: 3500: 3487: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3469: 3466: 3455: 3452: 3446: 3443: 3437: 3434: 3428: 3425: 3419: 3416: 3407: 3404: 3398: 3395: 3389: 3386: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3368: 3362: 3359: 3353: 3350: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3325: 3316: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3298: 3295: 3289: 3286: 3273: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3255: 3252: 3246: 3243: 3234: 3231: 3225: 3222: 3216: 3213: 3204: 3201: 3192: 3189: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3171: 3165: 3162: 3156: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3138: 3135: 3126: 3123: 3117: 3114: 3108: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3069: 3066: 3060: 3057: 3051: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3033: 3030: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3012: 3003: 3000: 2994: 2991: 2985: 2982: 2973: 2970: 2961: 2958: 2952: 2949: 2940: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2922: 2919: 2913: 2910: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2872: 2869: 2860: 2857: 2846: 2843: 2834: 2831: 2825: 2822: 2813: 2810: 2801: 2798: 2789: 2786: 2780: 2777: 2768: 2765: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2751: 2726: 2527: 2521:, and deermice. 1874:caudal vertebrae 1763: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1722:capsular process 1652:P. o. argentatus 1600:P. o. argentatus 1545:preputial glands 1528:subapical lobule 1524:urethral process 1490: 1460: 1434:retrotransposons 1368:P. o. argentatus 1356:P. o. argentatus 1336:P. o. argentatus 1302:P. o. argentatus 1253: 1249: 1104:Hindfoot length 1087: 1074:O. p. argentatus 902:O. p. argentatus 898:O. p. floridanus 767:O. fossilis 757:. Also in 1955, 692:O. p. floridanus 339: 330: 322: 314: 306: 298: 290: 281: 273: 264: 256: 228: 210: 97: 96: 76: 71: 70: 52: 38:Temporal range: 32: 21: 7900: 7899: 7895: 7894: 7893: 7891: 7890: 7889: 7850: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7835: 7830: 7822: 7817: 7809: 7804: 7796: 7791: 7783: 7778: 7769: 7768: 7763: 7750: 7742: 7737: 7729: 7724: 7716: 7711: 7703: 7700:Observation.org 7698: 7690: 7685: 7677: 7672: 7664: 7659: 7651: 7646: 7638: 7633: 7625: 7620: 7612: 7607: 7599: 7594: 7586: 7581: 7573: 7568: 7560: 7555: 7547: 7542: 7534: 7529: 7521: 7516: 7508: 7503: 7494: 7493: 7488: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7460: 7450: 7445: 7422: 7393: 7364: 7342: 7313: 7284: 7260: 7238: 7214: 7141: 7119: 7064:O. magellanicus 6977: 6965:O. sydandersoni 6850: 6826: 6774: 6734:N. maculiventer 6668: 6618: 6547: 6525: 6496: 6491:M. transitorius 6474: 6438: 6382: 6360: 6327:H. megacephalus 6296: 6277:H. brasiliensis 6260: 6189: 6132: 6110: 6088: 6024: 6000: 5978: 5946: 5917: 5873: 5864: 5655:119(2):261–268. 5644:(abstract only) 5513:Post, W. 1981. 5400:Oryzomys couesi 5266:3(3–4):130–134. 5171:Oryzomys couesi 5116:Oryzomys couesi 5060:130(2):408–412. 4876: 4874: 4854: 4826:Oryzomys couesi 4793:117(4):654–657. 4787:Sterna forsteri 4751:Oryzomys couesi 4675: 4670: 4665: 4661: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4643: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4616: 4611: 4607: 4602: 4598: 4593: 4589: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4557: 4553: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4535: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4517: 4512: 4508: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4485: 4481: 4476: 4472: 4467: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4428: 4424: 4419: 4412: 4407: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4370: 4365: 4361: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4334: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4302: 4295: 4290: 4281: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4263: 4258: 4254: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4231: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4213: 4209: 4204: 4200: 4195: 4191: 4186: 4182: 4177: 4173: 4168: 4164: 4159: 4152: 4147: 4143: 4138: 4134: 4129: 4125: 4120: 4116: 4111: 4107: 4102: 4098: 4093: 4089: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4030: 4026: 4021: 4017: 4012: 4008: 4003: 3999: 3994: 3990: 3985: 3981: 3976: 3972: 3967: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3922: 3917: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3899: 3895: 3890: 3886: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3854: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3779: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3725: 3721: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3703: 3698: 3694: 3689: 3685: 3680: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3652: 3647: 3643: 3638: 3634: 3629: 3625: 3620: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3557: 3552: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3506: 3501: 3490: 3485: 3481: 3476: 3472: 3467: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3387: 3383: 3378: 3374: 3369: 3365: 3360: 3356: 3351: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3319: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3301: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3276: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3253: 3249: 3244: 3237: 3232: 3228: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3207: 3202: 3195: 3190: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3129: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3111: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3090: 3085: 3081: 3076: 3072: 3067: 3063: 3058: 3054: 3049: 3045: 3040: 3036: 3031: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3013: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2976: 2971: 2964: 2959: 2955: 2950: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2929: 2925: 2920: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2889: 2884: 2875: 2870: 2863: 2858: 2849: 2844: 2837: 2832: 2828: 2823: 2816: 2811: 2804: 2799: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2778: 2771: 2766: 2759: 2749: 2747: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2716: 2680:protected areas 2637:Oryzomys couesi 2604: 2536:Body mass (oz) 2515:Coolidge effect 2501: 2478:Sterna forsteri 2460:seaside sparrow 2376: 2333: 2269:ticks and mites 2164:Neofiber alleni 2119: 2072:Oryzomys couesi 2024:, southwestern 2007:glacial refugia 1953:, southeastern 1931: 1894: 1854: 1754: 1753: 1738: 1699:tympanic cavity 1648:P. o. palustris 1636:P. o. coloratus 1604:zygomatic plate 1592:maxillary bones 1572: 1564:vesicular gland 1520:Oryzomys couesi 1498: 1497: 1496: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1461: 1450: 1419:Oryzomys couesi 1415:sex chromosomes 1350:, or brownish ( 1328:P. o. coloratus 1324:P. o. palustris 1221:123.6 (111–138) 1218:257.5 (233–274) 1201:129.6 (108–128) 1198:247.5 (226–266) 1184:29 (28.5–30.5) 1161:143.5 (123–171) 1158:283.0 (250–326) 1141:140.6 (122–173) 1138:281.2 (246–318) 1082: 1053: 1001:O. p. coloratus 997:O. p. palustris 926:O. p. palustris 906:O. p. palustris 886:O. p. coloratus 805:Oryzomys couesi 703:O. p. palustris 680:O. p. coloratus 664: 538: 521:Oryzomys couesi 498:O. gorgasi 479: 450:Oryzomys couesi 361:North American 236:Oryzomys couesi 219: 212: 206: 193: 91: 83: 72: 68: 61: 43: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7898: 7896: 7888: 7887: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7852: 7851: 7845: 7844: 7842: 7841: 7828: 7815: 7802: 7789: 7776: 7760: 7758: 7752: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7735: 7722: 7709: 7696: 7683: 7670: 7657: 7644: 7631: 7618: 7605: 7592: 7579: 7566: 7553: 7540: 7527: 7514: 7501: 7486: 7470: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7443: 7432: 7430: 7428:Incertae sedis 7424: 7423: 7421: 7420: 7413: 7405: 7403: 7395: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7384: 7376: 7374: 7371:Transandinomys 7366: 7365: 7363: 7362: 7354: 7352: 7344: 7343: 7341: 7340: 7333: 7325: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7312: 7311: 7308:S. ucayalensis 7304: 7296: 7294: 7286: 7285: 7283: 7282: 7273: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7258: 7250: 7248: 7240: 7239: 7237: 7236: 7227: 7225: 7216: 7215: 7213: 7212: 7205: 7198: 7190: 7183: 7176: 7169: 7161: 7153: 7151: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7131: 7129: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7117: 7109: 7102: 7095: 7088: 7081: 7074: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7039: 7032: 7025: 7018: 7011: 7004: 6997: 6989: 6987: 6979: 6978: 6976: 6975: 6968: 6961: 6954: 6947: 6940: 6933: 6926: 6919: 6912: 6905: 6898: 6891: 6884: 6877: 6870: 6862: 6860: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6839: 6837: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6824: 6817: 6814:N. narboroughi 6810: 6807:N. fernandinae 6803: 6795: 6786: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6773: 6772: 6765: 6758: 6751: 6744: 6737: 6730: 6723: 6716: 6709: 6702: 6695: 6688: 6685:N. albigularis 6680: 6678: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6659: 6652: 6645: 6638: 6630: 6628: 6620: 6619: 6617: 6616: 6609: 6602: 6595: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6567: 6559: 6557: 6549: 6548: 6546: 6545: 6537: 6535: 6527: 6526: 6524: 6523: 6516: 6508: 6506: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6494: 6486: 6484: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6472: 6465: 6458: 6455:M. caliginosus 6450: 6448: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6428: 6420: 6417:M. desmarestii 6412: 6404: 6395: 6393: 6384: 6383: 6381: 6380: 6372: 6370: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6358: 6351: 6344: 6337: 6330: 6323: 6316: 6308: 6306: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6294: 6287: 6280: 6272: 6270: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6251: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6216: 6209: 6201: 6199: 6191: 6190: 6188: 6187: 6180: 6173: 6170:E. macconnelli 6166: 6159: 6152: 6144: 6142: 6134: 6133: 6131: 6130: 6122: 6120: 6112: 6111: 6109: 6108: 6100: 6098: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6086: 6079: 6072: 6065: 6058: 6051: 6044: 6036: 6034: 6026: 6025: 6023: 6022: 6013: 6011: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5990: 5988: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5976: 5968: 5959: 5957: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5944: 5941:A. xanthaeolus 5937: 5929: 5927: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5909: 5903: 5897: 5891: 5885: 5878: 5875: 5874: 5865: 5863: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5822: 5811: 5810:35(2):199–205. 5800: 5784: 5773: 5762: 5761:23(1):171–172. 5747: 5732: 5721: 5720:12(3):238–242. 5706: 5697: 5696:49(4):427–429. 5682: 5681:59(4):787–792. 5667: 5656: 5645: 5626: 5612: 5598: 5597:75(4):914–928. 5583: 5569: 5568:57(3):115–121. 5558: 5543: 5529: 5511: 5500: 5489: 5488:36(5):578–587. 5474: 5463: 5456: 5441: 5420: 5409: 5394: 5380: 5365: 5354: 5336: 5326: 5325:96(2):643–646. 5311: 5310:85(3):569–575. 5296: 5295:57(5):578–588. 5281: 5280:54(6):570–576. 5267: 5256: 5242: 5241:25(4):448–453. 5231: 5230:70(3):557–570. 5212: 5201: 5190: 5179: 5178:68(1):152–154. 5165: 5164:31(2):385–386. 5154: 5153:91(2):336–347. 5139: 5128: 5111: 5110:73(1):186–200. 5100: 5099:72(4):723–730. 5086: 5085:68(3):692–695. 5072: 5061: 5046: 5045:92(3):552–560. 5031: 5030:59(3):551–558. 5012: 5001: 4986: 4979: 4964: 4953: 4952:36(3):568–582. 4942: 4941:38(7):601–606. 4931: 4928:Virus Research 4920: 4919:76(2):309–324. 4909: 4894: 4893:48(2):306–309. 4883: 4852: 4838: 4835: 4824:Review of the 4820: 4805: 4804:82(3):652–680. 4794: 4779: 4778:12(3):295–306. 4760: 4759:60(1):225–228. 4745: 4734: 4723: 4716: 4709: 4691: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4659: 4650: 4641: 4632: 4623: 4614: 4605: 4596: 4587: 4578: 4569: 4560: 4551: 4542: 4533: 4524: 4515: 4506: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4458: 4449: 4440: 4431: 4422: 4410: 4401: 4389: 4380: 4368: 4359: 4350: 4341: 4332: 4323: 4314: 4305: 4293: 4279: 4270: 4261: 4252: 4243: 4234: 4225: 4216: 4207: 4198: 4189: 4180: 4171: 4162: 4150: 4141: 4132: 4123: 4114: 4105: 4096: 4087: 4078: 4069: 4060: 4051: 4042: 4033: 4024: 4015: 4006: 3997: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3956: 3947: 3938: 3929: 3920: 3911: 3902: 3893: 3884: 3875: 3866: 3857: 3848: 3839: 3830: 3818: 3809: 3800: 3791: 3782: 3773: 3764: 3755: 3746: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3671: 3662: 3650: 3641: 3632: 3623: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3587: 3578: 3569: 3555: 3543: 3534: 3525: 3513: 3504: 3488: 3479: 3470: 3456: 3447: 3438: 3429: 3420: 3408: 3399: 3390: 3381: 3372: 3363: 3354: 3338: 3329: 3317: 3308: 3299: 3290: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3235: 3226: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3184: 3175: 3166: 3157: 3148: 3139: 3127: 3118: 3109: 3100: 3088: 3079: 3070: 3061: 3052: 3043: 3034: 3025: 3016: 3004: 2995: 2986: 2974: 2962: 2953: 2941: 2932: 2923: 2914: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2873: 2861: 2847: 2835: 2826: 2814: 2802: 2790: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2692:climate change 2688:Delaware River 2629:Catacama virus 2603: 2600: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2570: 2567: 2564: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2500: 2497: 2474:Forster's tern 2375: 2372: 2332: 2329: 2291:, and several 2257:striped skunks 2191:Circus cyaneus 2118: 2115: 2096:O. couesi 2051:Dasypus bellus 2011:glacial period 1939:Paynes Prairie 1930: 1927: 1921:is removed or 1893: 1890: 1853: 1850: 1750:dental formula 1737: 1734: 1730:O. couesi 1714:mental foramen 1695:tegmen tympani 1691:squamosal bone 1644:P. o. texensis 1620:O. couesi 1608:zygomatic arch 1571: 1568: 1532:O. couesi 1492: 1485: 1484: 1483: 1462: 1455: 1454: 1453: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1374:and along the 1364:P. o. sanibeli 1352:P. o. sanibeli 1344:P. o. sanibeli 1317:P. o. texensis 1261: 1260: 1246: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1233: 1232:(Florida Keys) 1226: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1206: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1186: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1126: 1125: 1122: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1106: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1091: 1081: 1078: 1052: 1049: 1037:O. couesi 1033:O. couesi 1005:O. p. sanibeli 993:O. couesi 922:O. p. sanibeli 910:O. p. texensis 894:O. p. sanibeli 878:morphometrical 867:microsatellite 822:O. couesi 818:O. couesi 814:O. couesi 809:O. couesi 755:Sanibel Island 751:O. p. sanibeli 696:O. p. texensis 676:O. p. texensis 663: 660: 554:Richard Harlan 542:South Carolina 537: 534: 514:of the family 478: 475: 469:and harbors a 365:in the family 351:marsh rice rat 345: 344: 343: 342: 333: 331:Hamilton, 1955 325: 323:Hamilton, 1955 317: 309: 301: 293: 284: 276: 267: 259: 248: 247: 241: 240: 230: 229: 221: 220: 213: 202: 201: 195: 194: 187: 185: 181: 180: 173: 169: 168: 163: 159: 158: 153: 149: 148: 143: 139: 138: 133: 129: 128: 123: 119: 118: 113: 109: 108: 103: 99: 98: 85: 84: 66: 63: 62: 57: 54: 53: 45: 44: 37: 35:Marsh rice rat 26: 24: 18:Marsh Rice Rat 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7897: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7855: 7838: 7833: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7807: 7803: 7799: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7781: 7777: 7772: 7766: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7756:Mus palustris 7753: 7745: 7740: 7736: 7732: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7714: 7710: 7706: 7701: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7649: 7645: 7641: 7636: 7632: 7628: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7584: 7580: 7576: 7571: 7567: 7563: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7519: 7515: 7511: 7506: 7502: 7497: 7491: 7487: 7482: 7476: 7472: 7471: 7469: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7442: 7440: 7434: 7433: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7418: 7414: 7412: 7411: 7410:Z. brevicauda 7407: 7406: 7404: 7402: 7401: 7396: 7390: 7389: 7388:T. talamancae 7385: 7383: 7382: 7378: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7372: 7367: 7361: 7360: 7356: 7355: 7353: 7351: 7350: 7345: 7339: 7338: 7334: 7332: 7331: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7321: 7320:Sigmodontomys 7316: 7310: 7309: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7292: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7279:R. primigenus 7275: 7274: 7272: 7270: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7252: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7245:Pseudoryzomys 7241: 7235: 7234: 7229: 7228: 7226: 7224: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7210: 7209:O. peninsulae 7206: 7204: 7203: 7202:O. palustris 7199: 7197: 7196: 7191: 7189: 7188: 7184: 7182: 7181: 7180:O. dimidiatus 7177: 7175: 7174: 7170: 7168: 7167: 7166:O. antillarum 7162: 7160: 7159: 7158:O. albiventer 7155: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7108: 7107: 7103: 7101: 7100: 7099:O. stramineus 7096: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7087: 7086: 7082: 7080: 7079: 7075: 7073: 7072: 7068: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7059: 7058: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7045: 7044: 7043:O. fulvescens 7040: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7031: 7030: 7029:O. flavescens 7026: 7024: 7023: 7022:O. destructor 7019: 7017: 7016: 7015:O. chacoensis 7012: 7010: 7009: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6998: 6996: 6995: 6991: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6974: 6973: 6972:O. trinitatis 6969: 6967: 6966: 6962: 6960: 6959: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6946: 6945: 6941: 6939: 6938: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6927: 6925: 6924: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6913: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6904: 6903: 6899: 6897: 6896: 6892: 6890: 6889: 6885: 6883: 6882: 6881:O. catherinae 6878: 6876: 6875: 6871: 6869: 6868: 6867:O. auyantepui 6864: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6858: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6818: 6816: 6815: 6811: 6809: 6808: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6800:N. indefessus 6796: 6794: 6793: 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6782: 6777: 6771: 6770: 6766: 6764: 6763: 6762:N. pectoralis 6759: 6757: 6756: 6752: 6750: 6749: 6745: 6743: 6742: 6741:N. meridensis 6738: 6736: 6735: 6731: 6729: 6728: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6717: 6715: 6714: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6703: 6701: 6700: 6696: 6694: 6693: 6692:N. auriventer 6689: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6676: 6671: 6665: 6664: 6660: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6646: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6637: 6636: 6632: 6631: 6629: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6610: 6608: 6607: 6603: 6601: 6600: 6596: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6587: 6586: 6582: 6580: 6579: 6575: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6517: 6515: 6514: 6513:M. altissimus 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6504: 6499: 6493: 6492: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6477: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6462:M. robustulus 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6441: 6435: 6434: 6429: 6427: 6426: 6421: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6411: 6410: 6409:M. curazensis 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6391: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6368: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6352: 6350: 6349: 6345: 6343: 6342: 6341:H. perenensis 6338: 6336: 6335: 6331: 6329: 6328: 6324: 6322: 6321: 6317: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6309: 6307: 6305: 6304: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6288: 6286: 6285: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6256: 6255:H. saturatior 6252: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6236: 6235: 6231: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6215: 6214: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6181: 6179: 6178: 6174: 6172: 6171: 6167: 6165: 6164: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6151: 6150: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6140: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6124: 6123: 6121: 6119: 6118: 6113: 6107: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6096: 6091: 6085: 6084: 6080: 6078: 6077: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6066: 6064: 6063: 6059: 6057: 6056: 6052: 6050: 6049: 6045: 6043: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6035: 6033: 6032: 6027: 6021: 6020: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5996: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5986: 5985:Amphinectomys 5981: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5967: 5966: 5961: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5938: 5936: 5935: 5931: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5925: 5920: 5914: 5913:Sigmodontinae 5910: 5908: 5904: 5902: 5898: 5896: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5872: 5861: 5856: 5854: 5849: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5771: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5756: 5754: 5748: 5745: 5741: 5739: 5733: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5713: 5707: 5704: 5703: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5689: 5683: 5680: 5676: 5674: 5668: 5666:26(1):99–109. 5665: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5610: 5606: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5592: 5590: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5512: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5483: 5481: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5450: 5448: 5442: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5430: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5401: 5395: 5393: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5374: 5372: 5366: 5364:73:1043–1049. 5363: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5343: 5337: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5318: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5303: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5288: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5255: 5254:0-691-07012-1 5251: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5223: 5219: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5199: 5195: 5191: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5177: 5173: 5172: 5166: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5133: 5129: 5127:5(3):171–173. 5126: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5094: 5093: 5087: 5084: 5080: 5079: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5062: 5059: 5055: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5038: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5023: 5019: 5013: 5010: 5006: 5002: 4999: 4995: 4993: 4987: 4984: 4980: 4977: 4973: 4971: 4965: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4943: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4853: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4814: 4812: 4806: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4752: 4746: 4744:88(3):99–100. 4743: 4739: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4710: 4707: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4689: 4685: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4672: 4663: 4660: 4654: 4651: 4645: 4642: 4636: 4633: 4627: 4624: 4618: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4600: 4597: 4591: 4588: 4582: 4579: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4561: 4555: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4537: 4534: 4528: 4525: 4519: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4501: 4498: 4492: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4474: 4471: 4465: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4444: 4441: 4435: 4432: 4426: 4423: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4405: 4402: 4396: 4394: 4390: 4384: 4381: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4360: 4354: 4351: 4345: 4342: 4336: 4333: 4327: 4324: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4271: 4265: 4262: 4256: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4235: 4229: 4226: 4220: 4217: 4211: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4175: 4172: 4166: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4142: 4136: 4133: 4127: 4124: 4118: 4115: 4109: 4106: 4100: 4097: 4091: 4088: 4082: 4079: 4073: 4070: 4064: 4061: 4055: 4052: 4046: 4043: 4037: 4034: 4028: 4025: 4019: 4016: 4010: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3980: 3974: 3971: 3965: 3963: 3961: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3942: 3939: 3933: 3930: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3906: 3903: 3897: 3894: 3888: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3867: 3861: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3843: 3840: 3834: 3831: 3825: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3810: 3804: 3801: 3795: 3792: 3786: 3783: 3777: 3774: 3768: 3765: 3759: 3756: 3750: 3747: 3741: 3738: 3732: 3729: 3723: 3720: 3714: 3711: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3693: 3687: 3684: 3678: 3676: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3636: 3633: 3627: 3624: 3618: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3591: 3588: 3582: 3579: 3573: 3570: 3564: 3562: 3560: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3529: 3526: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3508: 3505: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3489: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3471: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3457: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3439: 3433: 3430: 3424: 3421: 3415: 3413: 3409: 3403: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3367: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3349: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3333: 3330: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3312: 3309: 3303: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3266: 3260: 3257: 3251: 3248: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3221: 3218: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3188: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3158: 3152: 3149: 3143: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3122: 3119: 3113: 3110: 3104: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3080: 3074: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3026: 3020: 3017: 3011: 3009: 3005: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2987: 2981: 2979: 2975: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2957: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2936: 2933: 2927: 2924: 2918: 2915: 2909: 2906: 2900: 2897: 2891: 2888: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2821: 2819: 2815: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2785: 2782: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2684:tidal marshes 2681: 2677: 2676:Least Concern 2673: 2672:IUCN Red List 2668: 2666: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2614: 2613:periodontitis 2610: 2609:J. S. Steward 2601: 2599: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2535: 2533:Body mass (g) 2532: 2529: 2528: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2506:estrous cycle 2498: 2496: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2465: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2452: 2447: 2446: 2441: 2440:fiddler crabs 2436: 2434: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2420: 2419: 2414: 2413: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2401: 2396: 2395: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2348: 2344: 2342: 2341:Breton Island 2338: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2305:Periodontitis 2302: 2300: 2299: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2274: 2270: 2266: 2262: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2241:Neogale vison 2238: 2237:American mink 2234: 2233:Vulpes vulpes 2230: 2226: 2225:Procyon lotor 2222: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2205: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2137: 2128: 2123: 2116: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2099: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2038:West Virginia 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2019: 2014: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1989:of Texas and 1988: 1984: 1981:are from the 1980: 1976: 1975:Rancholabrean 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1940: 1935: 1928: 1926: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1898:adrenal gland 1891: 1889: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1851: 1849: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1822: 1818: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1796: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1751: 1742: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1640:P. o. natator 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1541: 1539: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1489: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1447: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1401:is absent, a 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1379: 1377: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1332:P. o. natator 1329: 1325: 1322: 1318: 1309: 1305: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1275:cheek pouches 1272: 1268: 1259: 1256: 1247: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1227: 1224:31.0 (29–33) 1223: 1220: 1217: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1203: 1200: 1197: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1181:120 (108–133) 1180: 1178:242 (226–279) 1177: 1174: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1164:33.4 (31–38) 1163: 1160: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1144:33.1 (28–37) 1143: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124:31 (30–31.5) 1123: 1121:112 (109–116) 1120: 1118:242 (237–245) 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1079: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1058: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 954: 950: 949: 943: 942:mitochondrial 939: 934: 931: 928:, and placed 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 900:, as well as 899: 895: 891: 887: 883: 882:O. p. natator 879: 874: 872: 868: 864: 860: 859: 854: 850: 846: 842: 837: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 810: 806: 799: 795: 791: 787: 782: 778: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688:O. p. natator 685: 681: 677: 673: 672:O. p. natator 669: 661: 659: 657: 653: 649: 645: 644: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 598: 593: 589: 585: 580: 578: 575: 574:specific name 571: 570:Mus palustris 567: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 536:Early history 535: 533: 531: 527: 523: 522: 517: 513: 512:Sigmodontinae 509: 504: 500: 499: 494: 493:South America 490: 489:United States 486: 485: 476: 474: 472: 468: 464: 458: 456: 452: 451: 446: 445: 440: 436: 435: 430: 429:mitochondrial 426: 422: 418: 414: 410: 408: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 338: 334: 329: 326: 321: 318: 315:Hibbard, 1955 313: 310: 307:Merriam, 1901 305: 302: 297: 294: 289: 285: 282:Chapman, 1893 280: 277: 271: 268: 265:Bachman, 1854 263: 260: 255: 254:Mus palustris 252: 251: 249: 246: 242: 238: 237: 231: 227: 222: 217: 211: 209: 203: 200: 199:Binomial name 196: 192: 191: 186: 183: 182: 179: 178: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166:Sigmodontinae 164: 161: 160: 157: 154: 151: 150: 147: 144: 141: 140: 137: 134: 131: 130: 127: 124: 121: 120: 117: 114: 111: 110: 107: 104: 101: 100: 95: 90: 86: 80: 75: 74:Least Concern 64: 60: 55: 51: 46: 41: 40:Rancholabrean 33: 30: 19: 7755: 7465: 7436: 7415: 7408: 7400:Zygodontomys 7398: 7386: 7381:T. bolivaris 7379: 7369: 7357: 7347: 7337:S. aphrastus 7335: 7328: 7318: 7306: 7299: 7289: 7277: 7266: 7253: 7243: 7231: 7220: 7207: 7201: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7178: 7171: 7164: 7156: 7146: 7136:O. balneator 7134: 7124: 7112: 7104: 7097: 7092:O. rupestris 7090: 7083: 7076: 7069: 7062: 7055: 7050:O. griseolus 7048: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7020: 7013: 7006: 6999: 6992: 6984:Oligoryzomys 6982: 6970: 6963: 6956: 6951:O. speciosus 6949: 6942: 6935: 6928: 6921: 6914: 6907: 6902:O. flavicans 6900: 6893: 6886: 6879: 6872: 6865: 6855: 6845:N. vespuccii 6843: 6832: 6819: 6812: 6805: 6798: 6790: 6779: 6769:N. pirrensis 6767: 6760: 6753: 6746: 6739: 6732: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6699:N. caracolus 6697: 6690: 6683: 6673: 6663:N. squamipes 6661: 6654: 6647: 6640: 6633: 6623: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6590: 6583: 6576: 6569: 6562: 6552: 6540: 6530: 6518: 6511: 6503:Microryzomys 6501: 6489: 6479: 6467: 6460: 6453: 6443: 6431: 6425:M. georginae 6423: 6415: 6407: 6399: 6388: 6375: 6365: 6353: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6318: 6311: 6301: 6289: 6284:H. chacarius 6282: 6275: 6265: 6253: 6248:H. rostratus 6246: 6239: 6234:H. melanotis 6232: 6225: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6194: 6182: 6175: 6168: 6161: 6154: 6147: 6139:Euryoryzomys 6137: 6125: 6117:Eremoryzomys 6115: 6103: 6093: 6081: 6076:C. subflavus 6074: 6067: 6060: 6053: 6048:C. langguthi 6046: 6039: 6029: 6017: 6008:Carletonomys 6006: 5993: 5983: 5971: 5963: 5954:Agathaeromys 5952: 5939: 5932: 5922: 5829: 5818: 5807: 5788: 5780: 5769: 5758: 5752: 5743: 5737: 5728: 5717: 5711: 5701: 5693: 5687: 5678: 5672: 5663: 5652: 5633: 5629: 5615: 5611:50(1):59–66. 5608: 5603: 5594: 5588: 5572: 5565: 5561: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5532: 5525: 5520: 5516: 5510:2011:754857. 5507: 5496: 5485: 5479: 5473:50B:443–447. 5470: 5462:13(2):35–36. 5459: 5455:8(4):93–123. 5452: 5446: 5428: 5416: 5405: 5399: 5383: 5376: 5370: 5361: 5353:79(1):66–77. 5350: 5345: 5341: 5322: 5316: 5307: 5301: 5292: 5286: 5277: 5272: 5263: 5259: 5238: 5227: 5221: 5217: 5208: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5175: 5170: 5161: 5150: 5144: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5119: 5115: 5107: 5096: 5091: 5082: 5077: 5068: 5057: 5051: 5042: 5036: 5027: 5021: 5017: 5008: 4997: 4991: 4985:22(1):13–22. 4982: 4975: 4969: 4963:39(1):63–79. 4960: 4949: 4938: 4930:131:180–188. 4927: 4916: 4905: 4899: 4890: 4875:. Retrieved 4870: 4864: 4858: 4848: 4844:Microryzomys 4843: 4831: 4825: 4816: 4810: 4801: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4775: 4769: 4765: 4756: 4750: 4741: 4730: 4705: 4700: 4696: 4690:52(1):75–78. 4687: 4681: 4662: 4653: 4644: 4635: 4626: 4617: 4608: 4599: 4590: 4581: 4572: 4563: 4554: 4545: 4536: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4491: 4482: 4473: 4452: 4443: 4434: 4425: 4404: 4383: 4362: 4353: 4344: 4335: 4326: 4317: 4308: 4273: 4264: 4255: 4246: 4237: 4228: 4219: 4210: 4201: 4192: 4183: 4174: 4165: 4144: 4135: 4126: 4117: 4108: 4099: 4090: 4081: 4072: 4063: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4009: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3973: 3950: 3941: 3932: 3923: 3914: 3905: 3896: 3887: 3878: 3869: 3860: 3851: 3842: 3833: 3812: 3803: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3758: 3749: 3740: 3731: 3722: 3713: 3704: 3695: 3686: 3665: 3644: 3635: 3626: 3617: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3581: 3572: 3537: 3528: 3507: 3482: 3473: 3450: 3441: 3432: 3423: 3402: 3393: 3384: 3375: 3366: 3357: 3332: 3311: 3302: 3293: 3268: 3259: 3250: 3229: 3220: 3187: 3178: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3142: 3121: 3112: 3103: 3082: 3073: 3064: 3055: 3046: 3037: 3028: 3019: 2998: 2989: 2956: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2899: 2890: 2829: 2784: 2748:. Retrieved 2744: 2738: 2732: 2707: 2669: 2662: 2659:Lyme disease 2652: 2648: 2636: 2617: 2605: 2596: 2502: 2488: 2482: 2477: 2467: 2463: 2449: 2443: 2437: 2430: 2416: 2410: 2404: 2398: 2392: 2390: 2382: 2363: 2355: 2349: 2345: 2334: 2303: 2296: 2260: 2252: 2248: 2240: 2232: 2224: 2212: 2202: 2198: 2190: 2178: 2172: 2163: 2155: 2147: 2139: 2132: 2100: 2095: 2071: 2069: 2049: 2042:Pennsylvania 2015: 2002: 1978: 1971:Appalachians 1944: 1919:pineal gland 1895: 1878:hemal arches 1855: 1834:anterolophid 1827: 1799: 1747: 1729: 1707: 1703:mastoid bone 1656: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1619: 1599: 1595: 1580:premaxillary 1573: 1542: 1535: 1531: 1519: 1515:Oligoryzomys 1513: 1499: 1472: 1464: 1422: 1418: 1403:synapomorphy 1399:gall bladder 1380: 1372: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1316: 1314: 1301: 1290:ungual tufts 1287: 1264: 1254: 1252: 1229: 1209: 1189: 1169: 1149: 1129: 1112:(New Jersey) 1109: 1098:Total length 1093: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057:common names 1054: 1051:Common names 1044: 1039:. Using the 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 984: 980: 968: 952: 947: 937: 935: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 875: 862: 856: 852: 848: 845:Florida Keys 838: 821: 817: 813: 808: 804: 802: 797: 793: 789: 785: 773:deposits in 766: 762: 750: 738: 734: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 706: 702: 695: 691: 687: 679: 675: 671: 665: 656:type species 651: 647: 641: 633: 629: 625: 621: 618:generic name 613: 595: 587: 583: 582:In 1854, in 581: 576: 569: 549: 546:John Bachman 539: 529: 519: 502: 496: 482: 480: 459: 448: 442: 438: 433: 424: 421:Florida Keys 413:John Bachman 411: 379:salt marshes 354: 350: 348: 336: 327: 319: 311: 303: 295: 287: 278: 269: 261: 257:Harlan, 1837 253: 234: 207: 205: 189: 188: 176: 29: 7674:NatureServe 7583:iNaturalist 7490:Wikispecies 7417:Z. brunneus 7301:S. melanops 7126:Oreoryzomys 7085:O. nigripes 7071:O. microtis 7001:O. arenalis 6958:O. superans 6923:O. phaeotis 6916:O. paricola 6895:O. concolor 6781:Nesoryzomys 6755:N. nimbosus 6649:N. palmipes 6635:N. apicalis 6613:N. tenuipes 6606:N. spinosus 6542:M. hammondi 6401:M. audreyae 6355:H. yunganus 6320:H. laticeps 6291:H. sciureus 6241:H. rhabdops 6227:H. intectus 6220:H. fuscatus 6213:H. chapmani 6196:Handleyomys 6184:E. russatus 6149:E. emmonsae 6095:Drymoreomys 6062:C. marinhus 5965:A. donovani 5911:Subfamily: 5870:(rice rats) 5868:Oryzomyini 5832:26:486–489. 5557:89:425–431. 5528:9(1):35–40. 5189:12:179–228. 4978:18:266–275. 4877:24 December 4834:331:94–127. 4733:28:157–235. 2620:Bayou virus 2352:meadow vole 2289:pentastomid 2217:carnivorans 2199:Strix varia 2195:barred owls 2187:marsh hawks 2136:marsh wrens 2103:semiaquatic 2032:, southern 1987:Sangamonian 1983:Wisconsinan 1957:, southern 1858:articulates 1830:anteroconid 1774:opisthodont 1612:jugal bones 1502:glans penis 1279:guard hairs 1204:31 (29–33) 1101:Tail length 1080:Description 946:cytochrome 916:recognized 771:Pleistocene 743:Pine Island 729:(including 686:recognized 628:"rice" and 526:cotton rats 432:cytochrome 359:semiaquatic 299:Bangs, 1898 274:Baird, 1857 162:Subfamily: 7854:Categories 7359:S. angouya 7349:Sooretamys 7255:P. simplex 7233:P. nivalis 7222:Pennatomys 7195:O. nelsoni 7187:O. gorgasi 7106:O. vegetus 7078:O. moojeni 7036:O. fornesi 7008:O. brendae 6994:O. andinus 6944:O. rutilus 6937:O. roberti 6909:O. mamorae 6888:O. cleberi 6874:O. bicolor 6834:Noronhomys 6821:N. swarthi 6792:N. darwini 6727:N. levipes 6675:Nephelomys 6642:N. grandis 6592:N. paracou 6585:N. musseri 6578:N. minutus 6571:N. guianae 6564:N. dubosti 6520:M. minutus 6469:M. zunigae 6377:L. molitor 6334:H. oniscus 6313:H. acritus 6267:Holochilus 6206:H. alfaroi 6177:E. nitidus 6163:E. legatus 6041:C. goytaca 6031:Cerradomys 5995:A. savamis 5924:Aegialomys 5907:Cricetidae 5783:3537:1–29. 5772:296:1–149. 5746:6:575–585. 5636:55:25–31. 5379:3:273–295. 5287:Bartonella 4753:) in Texas 4708:6:165–198. 2750:28 January 2714:References 2664:Bartonella 2641:arenavirus 2624:hantavirus 2530:Age (days) 2510:Copulatory 2485:assimilate 2435:at times. 2400:Salicornia 2337:Everglades 2293:coccidians 2255:sp.), and 2209:alligators 2168:anemotaxis 2064:commensals 2056:Quaternary 1999:Upper Keys 1995:Lower Keys 1947:Tamaulipas 1902:dehydrated 1892:Physiology 1838:protoconid 1815:anteroloph 1803:anterocone 1797:(ridges). 1790:mesolophid 1782:brachydont 1442:hematocrit 1387:unilocular 1376:Gulf Coast 1271:brown rats 1090:Population 955:) and two 871:Everglades 841:Cudjoe Key 836:, Mexico. 834:Tamaulipas 826:karyotypes 796:; 4. 792:; 3. 788:; 2. 747:Fort Myers 668:subspecies 648:Hesperomys 643:Hesperomys 566:New Jersey 516:Cricetidae 508:Oryzomyini 471:hantavirus 417:subspecies 395:Tamaulipas 383:New Jersey 367:Cricetidae 156:Cricetidae 7771:Q41007138 7679:2.1142879 7330:S. alfari 7173:O. couesi 7114:O. victus 6748:N. moerex 6720:N. keaysi 6713:N. devius 6706:N. childi 6656:N. rattus 6599:N. pictus 6445:Melanomys 6433:M. luciae 6390:Megalomys 6303:Hylaeamys 6127:E. polius 6069:C. scotti 6019:C. cailoi 5881:Kingdom: 5731:159:1–41. 5634:Microbios 5551:palustris 5211:123:1–57. 5138:68:83–86. 5071:43:1–100. 5000:78:41–49. 4851:191:1–83. 2670:The 2016 2451:Chrysemys 2445:Graptemys 2406:Tripsacum 2309:Vitamin E 2285:digeneans 2281:nematodes 2265:parasites 2229:red foxes 2179:Tyto alba 2092:gene flow 2088:sympatric 1991:Illinoian 1941:, Florida 1923:melatonin 1842:metaconid 1628:braincase 1594:meet. In 1407:karyotype 1212:(Florida) 1192:(Florida) 1152:(Florida) 1132:(Florida) 963:1 of the 959:markers, 654:) as its 577:palustris 407:brown rat 399:commensal 389:south to 184:Species: 112:Kingdom: 106:Eukaryota 7865:Oryzomys 7811:11364909 7765:Wikidata 7666:13000814 7601:10855860 7481:Q1092084 7475:Wikidata 7291:Scolomys 7268:Reigomys 7148:Oryzomys 6625:Nectomys 6554:Neacomys 6532:Mindomys 6367:Lundomys 6348:H. tatei 6156:E. lamia 6083:C. vivoi 5905:Family: 5901:Rodentia 5895:Mammalia 5889:Chordata 5887:Phylum: 5883:Animalia 5821:176:1–5. 5673:Oryzomys 5547:Oryzomys 5431:. 3rd ed 5371:Oryzomys 5132:Oryzomys 5011:6:1–761. 4908:5:43–46. 4900:Oryzomys 4817:PLoS ONE 4701:Oryzomys 2645:woodrats 2591:1.8–2.8 2580:1.4–2.1 2569:1.0–1.4 2558:0.6–1.0 2547:0.3–0.6 2519:hamsters 2493:hoarding 2489:Spartina 2456:deermice 2432:Endogone 2394:Spartina 2325:kyphosis 2313:fluoride 2263:). Many 2221:raccoons 2175:barn owl 2152:muskrats 2127:barn owl 2107:Virginia 2022:Nebraska 2018:Holocene 1967:Kentucky 1963:Illinois 1959:Missouri 1951:Oklahoma 1866:thoracic 1862:cervical 1786:mesoloph 1778:bunodont 1762:× 2 = 16 1710:mandible 1679:arteries 1584:lacrimal 1556:anterior 1552:prostate 1469:holotype 1423:Oryzomys 1321:nominate 1241:121, 132 1238:251, 259 1029:Oryzomys 1021:Oryzomys 979:gene 1 ( 938:Oryzomys 830:sympatry 763:Oryzomys 707:Oryzomys 700:nominate 638:subgenus 634:Oryzomys 622:Oryzomys 614:Arvicola 597:Arvicola 530:Sigmodon 503:Oryzomys 484:Oryzomys 477:Taxonomy 463:barn owl 444:Oryzomys 245:Synonyms 177:Oryzomys 152:Family: 146:Rodentia 136:Mammalia 126:Chordata 122:Phylum: 116:Animalia 102:Domain: 79:IUCN 3.1 7837:1451677 7798:2438101 7744:1451676 7653:1002663 7575:2438095 6857:Oecomys 5899:Order: 5893:Class: 5642:3060702 5273:Neotoma 2686:on the 2649:Neotoma 2321:sucrose 2253:Neogale 2249:Mustela 2245:weasels 2215:); and 2193:), and 2183:pellets 2084:Cameron 2080:Willacy 2030:Indiana 1886:humerus 1795:cingula 1759:1.0.0.3 1756:1.0.0.3 1726:incisor 1708:In the 1683:derived 1588:frontal 1549:ventral 1506:baculum 1383:stomach 1244:32, 32 1172:(Texas) 1025:Adh1-I2 1017:Adh1-I2 983:). The 981:Adh1-I2 957:nuclear 843:in the 769:, from 606:Florida 602:Georgia 560:at the 391:Florida 371:wetland 357:) is a 218:, 1837) 172:Genus: 142:Order: 132:Class: 77: ( 7824:203528 7718:812026 7627:180336 7562:ORYOPA 7549:328431 7518:ARKive 6930:O. rex 5796: 5640: 5622: 5579: 5539: 5437: 5390: 5332: 5252: 2469:Juncus 2412:Elymus 2409:, and 2317:iodide 2315:, and 2275:, and 2076:Kenedy 2060:relict 1955:Kansas 1915:gonads 1870:lumbar 1768:), as 1766:molars 1712:, the 1685:. The 1663:palate 1650:). In 1614:. The 1602:. The 1590:, and 1560:dorsal 1431:LINE-1 1397:. 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