488:, but more rufous on upperparts and paler on underparts In Sicily, it was described the subspecies siculus (De Burg, 1925) considered synonymic with italicus by Vaurie (1959), and subsequently forgotten by most authors. However, in a typical cline pale-dark/north-south all over Europe, and along the Italian peninsula too, where darkest birds are in the Alpine area and palest (as pale as nominate subsp.) in Calabria, the Sicilian very isolated and relict population is composed by the smallest and darkest birds in Europe, therefore rather out of the clinal gradient/intergrade populations. It should deserve better and in depth study before being in synonymized (Priolo, 1969; Corso, 2005; A.Corso, pers. obs.)
707:
92:
869:
596:
218:
67:
31:
632:
302:. It is a small bird, around 12 cm (4.7 in) long and weighing 12 g (0.42 oz), with a black crown and nape, pale cheeks, brown back and greyish-brown wings and tail. Between 8 and 11 subspecies are recognised. Its close resemblance to the willow tit can cause identification problems, especially in the
734:. Research suggests that the cause may be low survival rates from year to year, though the nest failure rate has fallen during the decline. Other studies have shown that reduced diversity of woodland structure and plant species, partly because of the impact of deer browsing, is the cause of the bird's decline.
608:
underparts are off-white with a buff or brown tinge strongest on the flanks and undertail coverts. The bill is black and the legs dark grey. Juveniles are very similar to adults, but with a duller black cap and bib, more greyish upperparts and paler underparts; they moult into adult plumage by
September.
883:
are laid late in April or in May, measuring 16 mm × 12 mm (0.63 in × 0.47 in) and weighing 1.2 g (0.042 oz) each, of which 6% is shell. The eggs are incubated by the female for 14–16 days; incubation begins before the clutch is complete, meaning that the chicks
623:
when not heard clearly. Unlike many other tits, however, the marsh tit has a well-defined song and a wide song repertoire. Individual birds can have more than five songs, which they use interchangeably. Some of the more common songs include a typical tit-like, ringing, "schip-schip-schip-schip-ship",
864:
holes may be used and enlarged further. Marsh tits do not usually excavate their own nest holes, though they may enlarge the hollow, carrying the chips to a distance before dropping them. The hole may be within a centimetres or two of the ground or high as 10 m (33 ft). Inside the hole, a
659:
feathers in the willow tit), the marsh tit's glossier black cap and smaller black 'bib', although none of these is 'completely reliable'; for example, juvenile marsh tits can show a pale wing panel. The marsh tit has a noticeably smaller and shorter head than the willow tit and overall the markings
611:
The marsh tit weighs 12 g (0.42 oz), has a length of 11.5 to 12 cm (4.5 to 4.7 in) (from bill to tail) and a wingspan of 19 cm (7.5 in). The wing length ranges from 60–70 mm (2.4–2.8 in). The oldest recorded marsh tit in Europe reached the age of 11 years, 11
791:
data showed that of 108 recoveries (when a ringed bird is found dead or caught by another ringer), 85% were less than 5 km from where the bird was originally caught, and only 1% further than 20 km. Young birds join mixed roaming flocks; adults also join the flocks when they pass through,
607:
The nominate race has a black cap and nape with a blue sheen visible at close quarters. The black 'bib' below the bill is rather small; the cheeks are white, turning dusky brown on the ear coverts. The upperparts, tail and wings are greyish-brown, with slightly paler fringes to the tertials. The
823:
in the wood's understorey, and more time lower in the woodland canopy and understorey. Trees and shrubs in 10 breeding territories were also compared. The trees varied significantly between territories, but the shrub characteristics did not, suggesting that the shrubs were more important to the
959:
in trees. The hidden seeds are prone to being stolen, by other marsh tits or other species, so birds often fly from one site to another before deciding on a hiding place. They tend to retrieve the oldest items first, and memorise their location rather than searching randomly or checking
749:. Data from the 1980s did not show the same results, but marsh tit numbers had increased by 2003–2004 in woods with the most shrub cover. The study concluded that damage to the shrub layer, caused by overgrazing by deer, for example, may make woodland less suitable for marsh tits.
892:
after 18–21 days. The fledglings are fed by their parents for a week and become independent after a further 1–7 days. The family stays together for between 11 and 15 days after the first flights of the juveniles. Second broods have been recorded, though they are extremely rare in
840:
In mixed winter tit flocks, seldom more than one or two marsh tits are present, and parties of this species alone are infrequent. Its performances in the bushes and branches are just as neat and agile as those of other tits; it often hangs upside down by one leg.
908:, looked at which factors affected birds' choice to re-occupy a nest hole used the previous year. It found that 35.5% of available holes were used again the following year, and that holes where a brood had failed were less likely to be re-used. A study in
884:
hatch over a period of around two days. She sits closely and gives a typical tit "hissing display" if disturbed. The male helps to feed and care for the young and brings nearly all the food for the first four days after hatching. The
655:, the pale 'cutting edge' of the marsh tit's bill is a reliable criterion; otherwise, the best way to tell apart the two species is by voice. Plumage characteristics include the lack of a pale wing panel (formed by pale edges to the
951:, storing food is most frequent between September and late February, with the peak in this behaviour occurring from September to October. Hiding places for the seeds include on and in the ground, in
783:
This species is sedentary, making short post-breeding movements in most of its range, but in northern Europe some move southward in winter. However, marsh tits seem not to perform the occasional
787:
that other members of the tit family do. Most marsh tits stay in their breeding territories year-round; presumably this is related to their food-storing strategy. Analysis of UK
815:, England, found that marsh tits required mature trees with a shrub layer below the canopy, but that they avoided parts of the wood with many young trees. Another study in the
317:, although there is evidence of a decline in numbers (in the UK, numbers have dropped by more than 50% since the 1970s, for example). It can be found throughout temperate
718:
The marsh tit has a worldwide Extent of
Occurrence of around 10 million square kilometres. The global population includes between 6.1 million and 12 million birds in
619:
it has a large range of call notes; most typical is the explosive "pitchou" note, given when agitated, often leading into "pitchou-bee-bee-bee", which can sound like
1952:
667:
A measure of the difficulty in identification is given by the fact that, in the UK, the willow tit was not identified as distinct from marsh tit until 1897. Two
2004:
1166:
Gill, F. B.; Slikas, B.; Sheldon, F. H. (2005). "Phylogeny of titmice (Paridae): II. Species relationships based on sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-
2174:
444:, 1886) – central and southern England, Wales] and west France. Still present in the far south-east of Scotland but in small numbers. Slightly smaller than
745:
Repeat
Woodland Bird Survey showed that the abundance of marsh tits in 2003–2004 corresponded with the vegetation present 2–4 metres above the ground, the
865:
nest of moss is made and lined with hair and sometimes a few feathers; 20 cm (7.9 in) of moss is used in damp holes, but much less in dry ones.
2146:
1926:
41:
1965:
795:
Marsh tits breed mostly in lowland areas, but can reach altitudes of up to 1,300 m. They prefer large areas of moist, broadleaved woodland, often
1719:
1617:
1461:
1436:
1408:
1313:
1216:
1115:
746:
2204:
448:
and more brown or olive-coloured on upperparts and dirtier below. Pale brown tertial fringes can sometimes cause confusion with willow tit
42:
1510:
731:
337:
and seeds. It nests in tree holes, choosing existing hollows to enlarge, rather than excavating its own. A clutch of 5–9 eggs is laid.
2120:
1206:
940:
is the preferred food when it can be found. Marsh tits often take seeds and fruit from the plant before taking them to eat elsewhere.
469:
1107:
1066:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
1740:
726:, though there is some evidence of a decline in numbers. For example, between the 1970s and 2007, marsh tit numbers declined in the
2199:
1913:
354:
207:
1563:
Hinsley, S. A.; Carpenter, J. E.; Broughton, R. K.; Bellamy, P. E.; Rothery, P.; Arjun, A.; Hewson, C.; Gosler, A. G. (2007).
695:
1970:
901:
1101:
1991:
1874:
1539:
1145:
742:
686:
and found two wrongly-labelled willow tits amongst them (two willow tit specimens were then collected at
Coalfall Wood in
1705:
2184:
2048:
1851:
522:
2189:
1424:
1232:
2009:
2179:
2138:
1183:
91:
1262:
1564:
1608:
Wernham, C. V.; Toms, M. P.; Marchant, J. H.; Clark, J. A.; Siriwardena, G. M.; Baillie, S. R., eds. (2002).
1711:
2107:
1838:
1765:
1481:
495:
1803:
419:
295:
1856:
364:
186:
1013:
706:
643:
Marsh and willow tits are difficult to distinguish on appearance alone; the races occurring in the UK (
849:
Marsh tits are monogamous and often pair for life; one pair stayed together for six years. In Europe,
1830:
1812:
1678:
473:
832:, marsh tits were "largely absent" from parts of the wood with a dense canopy but poor shrub cover.
909:
540:
346:
56:
916:, England, found that nestboxes were used by marsh tits in successive years in only 20% of cases.
1381:
1187:
441:
325:
and, despite its name, it occurs in a range of habitats including dry woodland. The marsh tit is
239:
86:
1477:
1957:
2030:
1983:
1887:
1715:
1633:
Broughton, R. K.; Hinsley, S. A.; Bellamy, P. E.; Hill, R. A.; Rothery, P. (2006). "Marsh Tit
1613:
1457:
1432:
1404:
1309:
1212:
1111:
1080:
868:
679:
595:
570:
455:
380:
2194:
1686:
1646:
1583:
1371:
1348:
1179:
1008:
947:, birds were watched for two hours 15 minutes. They ate 43 and cached 83 seeds per hour. In
873:
850:
711:
583:
423:
2112:
2043:
2035:
1843:
2017:
1817:
913:
769:
544:
509:
359:
990:
624:
a more liquid "tu-tu-tu-tu-tu" and sometimes a sweet "tyeu-tyeu-tyeu-tyeu-tyeu". The old
1682:
856:
The nest site is in a hole, usually in a tree but sometimes in a wall or in the ground.
730:
by more than 50% and consequently it is on the Red List of species compiled by the UK's
2133:
1754:
816:
812:
727:
683:
656:
303:
635:
Note the glossy cap, smaller bib and uniform wings which help distinguish it from the
310:
of the two are very similar: they were not recognised as separate species until 1897.
2168:
1978:
1879:
1650:
1588:
1137:
1060:
999:
972:; the relative volume of this part of the brain is greater in birds that cache food.
894:
880:
723:
675:
671:
625:
553:
388:
350:
314:
203:
76:
71:
1385:
1191:
1086:
Skizzirte
Entwickelungs-Geschichte und natürliches System der europäischen Thierwelt
217:
2061:
1892:
1531:
788:
652:
600:
574:
454:(Linnaeus, 1758) – north and central Europe, from south Scandinavia south to north
1918:
1866:
1376:
2088:
40:
1996:
1939:
1797:
1208:
Handbook of the Birds of the World Volume 12: Picathartes to Tits and
Chickadees
1084:
961:
952:
829:
330:
30:
1069:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 190.
2056:
1690:
1236:
1064:
861:
808:
768:, with a broad gap in western Asia and present again in eastern Asia from the
661:
636:
620:
616:
427:
415:
307:
299:
291:
274:
153:
1788:
819:
found that during winter and while foraging, marsh tits spent more time than
969:
965:
937:
885:
784:
270:
143:
103:
2125:
1399:
Mullarney, Killian; Svensson, Lars; Zetterstrom, Dan; Grant, Peter (1999).
2082:
1782:
820:
761:
687:
660:
are crisp and neat, with the head in proportion to the rest of the bird (
628:
name for the species, 'Saw
Whetter', refers to the bird's scolding call.
557:
530:
513:
326:
123:
2099:
1089:(in German). Vol. c. 1. Darmstadt: Carl Wilhelm Leske. p. 114.
631:
2151:
1931:
1825:
933:
857:
796:
668:
526:
459:
411:
375:
286:
278:
163:
2022:
1944:
1665:
Wesołowski, T.; Greenwood, P. J. (2006). "Nest-site re-use: Marsh Tit
391:
name for a now unidentifiable small bird, and is perhaps derived from
956:
948:
944:
929:
925:
905:
889:
825:
807:
woodland, riverside trees, parks and gardens or orchards. A study at
765:
753:
719:
691:
481:
334:
318:
282:
113:
1905:
1759:
1270:
943:
Marsh tits collect and store large numbers of seeds. For a study in
752:
It is a widespread and common resident breeder throughout temperate
1502:
932:
are eaten in spring and summer, but seeds – including those of the
1900:
1610:
The
Migration Atlas: movements of the birds of Britain and Ireland
867:
804:
800:
777:
773:
705:
630:
594:
561:
499:
407:
400:
371:
1036:
757:
738:
477:
322:
133:
1763:
1035:
651:
respectively) are especially hard to separate. When caught for
1308:. London: BirdGuides Ltd. and Oxford University Press. 2004.
410:
sequences has shown that the marsh tit belongs to a group of
1184:
10.1642/0004-8038(2005)122[0121:POTPIS]2.0.CO;2
1704:
Anderson, P.; Morris, R.; Amaral, D.; O'Keefe, J. (2007).
1347:
Broughton, R. K.; Hinsley, S. A.; Bellamy, P. E. (2008).
968:, despite the great tit's larger overall size and larger
760:. It occurs from northern Spain north to south-eastern
1205:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Christie, D., eds. (2007).
2072:
1772:
936:– nuts and berries are taken in autumn and winter.
1612:. London: T. & A.D. Poyser. pp. 592–593.
1014:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22735995A118837418.en
1037:"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Marsh Tit"
664:gives the impression of being 'bull-necked').
1755:Xeno-canto: audio recordings of the marsh tit
1739:Blasco-Zumeta, Javier; Heinze, Gerd-Michael.
1637:territories in a British broad-leaved wood".
1333:. London: Book Club Association. p. 237.
879:Between five and nine white and red-speckled
853:with the willow tit has been recorded twice.
8:
1456:. London: Chatto & Windus. p. 387.
1342:
1340:
1103:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
1603:
1601:
1599:
1237:"Waxwings and allies, tits, penduline tits"
1760:
379:that was erected by the German naturalist
216:
65:
38:
29:
20:
1587:
1375:
1012:
577:, 1922) – northeast China and North Korea
313:Globally, the marsh tit is classified as
1558:
1556:
1536:Breeding Birds of the Wider Countryside
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
981:
792:but do not stray from their territory.
737:Data from 157 woodlands covered by the
682:, were studying marsh tit skins at the
525:, 1872 – south central & southeast
414:'typical chickadees' that includes the
1748:Identification Atlas of Aragon's Birds
1403:. London: HarperCollins. p. 318.
1452:Cocker, Mark; Mabey, Richard (2005).
1243:. International Ornithologists' Union
1131:
1129:
1127:
1106:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
955:, in tree stumps, and under moss and
7:
2139:f2a522a6-aa92-433e-8c1d-08c10b341022
1478:"Species factsheet: Parus palustris"
722:alone. The species is classified as
694:, and that species was added to the
603:showing pale 'cutting edges' to bill
498:, 1855) – east Europe east to south
2175:IUCN Red List least concern species
1511:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
1304:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
1041:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1000:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
732:Joint Nature Conservation Committee
586:, 1903 – east China and South Korea
395:, meaning "spotted"; the specific
14:
1669:decisions in a primeval forest".
1565:"Habitat selection by Marsh Tits
897:; most are replacement clutches.
533:, northeast China and North Korea
1651:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2006.00583.x
1589:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2007.00691.x
960:systematically. The marsh tit's
90:
1263:"The SOC: Scottish Bird Report"
1235:; Donsker, David, eds. (2018).
989:BirdLife International (2017).
964:is 31% bigger than that of the
458:, east to central Poland, west
433:Ten subspecies are recognised:
1:
1540:British Trust for Ornithology
1431:. London: Helm. p. 464.
1377:10.1080/03078698.2008.9674382
1146:British Trust for Ornithology
803:, though they can occupy wet
710:Typical marsh tit habitat in
1329:Greenoak, Francesca (1979).
2205:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1241:World Bird List Version 8.1
2223:
552:(Stejneger, 1892) – south
370:. It is now placed in the
349:by the Swedish naturalist
1691:10.1080/00063650609461434
1655:Retrieved 25 January 2009
1349:"Separation of Marsh Tit
1100:Jobling, James A (2010).
1007:: e.T22735995A118837418.
900:A study of marsh tits in
776:and northern and western
383:in 1829. The genus name,
290:, closely related to the
245:
238:
224:
215:
192:
185:
87:Scientific classification
85:
63:
54:
49:
37:
28:
23:
1331:All The Birds Of The Air
702:Distribution and habitat
341:Taxonomy and systematics
50:Song recorded in Russia
2200:Birds described in 1758
1712:Oxford University Press
1503:"Conservation Listings"
1364:Ringing & Migration
1357:using a bill criterion"
1482:BirdLife International
1306:on interactive DVD-ROM
876:
715:
640:
604:
871:
836:Behaviour and ecology
709:
634:
598:
2134:Fauna Europaea (new)
1707:The Hippocampus Book
764:and east to western
516:and northeast Turkey
502:and northwest Turkey
329:; its food includes
1683:2006BirdS..53..199W
649:P. m. kleinschmidti
251:Linnaeus, 1758
57:Conservation status
2185:Birds of East Asia
1401:Collins Bird Guide
1267:www.the-soc.org.uk
1081:Kaup, Johann Jakob
877:
716:
641:
605:
520:P. p. brevirostris
408:mitochrondrial DNA
347:formally described
345:The marsh tit was
2190:Birds of Mongolia
2162:
2161:
2062:Poecile-palustris
2031:Open Tree of Life
1818:Poecile_palustris
1804:Poecile palustris
1774:Poecile palustris
1766:Taxon identifiers
1721:978-0-19-510027-3
1667:Poecile palustris
1635:Poecile palustris
1619:978-0-7136-6514-7
1567:Poecile palustris
1463:978-0-7011-6907-7
1438:978-0-7136-4422-7
1410:978-0-00-219728-1
1351:Poecile palustris
1315:978-1-898110-39-2
1218:978-84-96553-42-2
1211:. Lynx Edicions.
1117:978-1-4081-2501-4
993:Poecile palustris
902:Białowieża Forest
872:Eggs, Collection
860:may be used. Old
772:east to northern
680:Otto Kleinschmidt
599:Bird trapped for
506:P. p. kabardensis
492:P. p. stagnatilis
476:, 1900) – French
381:Johann Jakob Kaup
266:Poecile palustris
257:
256:
227:Poecile palustris
196:Poecile palustris
178:P. palustris
80:
43:
2212:
2180:Birds of Eurasia
2155:
2154:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2128:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2000:
1999:
1997:NHMSYS0001688303
1987:
1986:
1974:
1973:
1961:
1960:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1860:
1859:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1833:
1831:523763E55D4A8153
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1761:
1751:
1745:
1726:
1725:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1662:
1656:
1654:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1605:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1573:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1454:Birds Britannica
1449:
1443:
1442:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1361:
1353:from Willow Tit
1344:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1298:
1275:
1274:
1269:. Archived from
1259:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1136:Robinson, R. A.
1133:
1122:
1121:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1016:
986:
920:Food and feeding
874:Museum Wiesbaden
712:Northamptonshire
424:black-bibbed tit
420:Père David's tit
306:where the local
269:) is a Eurasian
252:
232:
220:
198:
95:
94:
74:
69:
68:
45:
44:
33:
21:
2222:
2221:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2165:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2145:
2137:
2132:
2124:
2119:
2111:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2074:Parus palustris
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2018:Observation.org
2016:
2008:
2003:
1995:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1969:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1943:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1863:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1837:
1829:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1768:
1743:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1714:. p. 640.
1703:
1702:
1698:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1632:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1554:
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1429:Birds of Europe
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1355:Poecile montana
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922:
914:Gloucestershire
888:, downy chicks
847:
838:
770:Altai Mountains
704:
593:
581:P. p. hellmayri
571:Kleinschmidt, O
567:P. p. jeholicus
545:Sakhalin Island
452:P. p. palustris
406:An analysis of
368:Parus palustris
360:Systema Naturae
353:in 1758 in the
343:
250:
248:Parus palustris
234:
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16:Species of bird
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1733:External links
1731:
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1677:(3): 199–204.
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1645:(4): 744–752.
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1052:
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817:United Kingdom
813:Cambridgeshire
728:United Kingdom
703:
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684:British Museum
672:ornithologists
645:P. p. dresseri
592:
589:
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578:
564:
547:
534:
517:
503:
489:
466:P. p. italicus
463:
449:
438:P. p. dresseri
403:for "marshy".
342:
339:
304:United Kingdom
255:
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851:hybridisation
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756:and northern
755:
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724:Least Concern
721:
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676:Ernst Hartert
673:
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554:Kuril Islands
551:
550:P. p. hensoni
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389:Ancient Greek
386:
382:
378:
377:
373:
369:
366:
365:binomial name
362:
361:
356:
355:tenth edition
352:
351:Carl Linnaeus
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
328:
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321:and northern
320:
316:
315:Least Concern
311:
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187:Binomial name
184:
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72:Least Concern
62:
58:
53:
48:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
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1773:
1747:
1706:
1699:
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1666:
1660:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1609:
1579:
1575:
1566:
1543:. Retrieved
1535:
1526:
1514:. Retrieved
1506:
1497:
1485:. Retrieved
1472:
1453:
1447:
1428:
1419:
1400:
1394:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1330:
1324:
1305:
1301:
1271:the original
1266:
1257:
1245:. Retrieved
1240:
1227:
1207:
1200:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1149:. Retrieved
1141:
1102:
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1055:
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1018:. Retrieved
1004:
998:
992:
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899:
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855:
848:
839:
826:Wytham Woods
794:
782:
751:
736:
717:
696:British list
666:
648:
644:
642:
614:
610:
606:
580:
566:
549:
537:P. p. ernsti
536:
519:
505:
491:
485:
480:, Italy and
465:
451:
445:
437:
432:
405:
396:
392:
384:
374:
367:
358:
344:
331:caterpillars
312:
296:Père David's
285:
273:bird in the
265:
264:
260:
258:
247:
246:
226:
195:
193:
177:
176:
164:
18:
1940:iNaturalist
1798:Wikispecies
1741:"Marsh tit"
1582:: 224–233.
1532:"Marsh Tit"
1507:jncc.gov.uk
1233:Gill, Frank
1178:: 121–143.
1138:"Marsh Tit"
1020:11 November
962:hippocampus
953:leaf litter
830:Oxfordshire
747:shrub layer
615:Like other
591:Description
523:Taczanowski
300:Songar tits
2169:Categories
2057:Xeno-canto
1671:Bird Study
1569:in the UK"
1545:18 January
1516:18 January
1487:18 January
1151:18 January
1046:2020-04-22
976:References
862:willow tit
824:birds. In
809:Monks Wood
785:irruptions
714:, England.
698:in 1900).
662:willow tit
637:willow tit
621:willow tit
543:, 1933) –
512:, 1929) –
462:and Greece
428:Songar tit
426:, and the
416:willow tit
363:under the
327:omnivorous
308:subspecies
292:willow tit
24:Marsh tit
2089:Q40657494
1142:BirdFacts
970:forebrain
966:great tit
938:Beechmast
886:altricial
858:Nestboxes
821:blue tits
657:secondary
541:Yamashina
496:Brehm, CL
446:palustris
442:Stejneger
397:palustris
387:, is the
271:passerine
261:marsh tit
225:Range of
172:Species:
110:Kingdom:
104:Eukaryota
2113:22711693
2108:BirdLife
2097:BioLib:
2083:Wikidata
1984:22735995
1958:10210686
1880:bob14400
1844:22735995
1839:BirdLife
1783:Wikidata
1427:(1996).
1386:53665683
1192:86067032
1083:(1829).
1063:(1758).
845:Breeding
762:Scotland
690:, north
688:Finchley
612:months.
558:Hokkaido
531:Mongolia
529:, north
514:Caucasus
510:Buturlin
486:dresseri
474:Hellmayr
412:Eurasian
393:poikolos
240:Synonyms
204:Linnaeus
150:Family:
124:Chordata
120:Phylum:
114:Animalia
100:Domain:
77:IUCN 3.1
2195:Poecile
2152:8126684
1932:2487843
1906:martit2
1867:martit2
1826:Avibase
1789:Q207838
1679:Bibcode
1170:gene".
1110:, 311.
934:thistle
930:insects
926:spiders
924:Mostly
895:Britain
789:ringing
653:ringing
601:ringing
584:Bianchi
575:Weigold
527:Siberia
470:Tschusi
460:Balkans
385:Poecile
376:Poecile
357:of his
335:spiders
287:Poecile
279:Paridae
277:family
165:Poecile
160:Genus:
154:Paridae
140:Order:
130:Class:
75: (
1971:562354
1945:144809
1914:EURING
1718:
1616:
1460:
1435:
1407:
1384:
1312:
1302:BWPi:
1247:31 May
1215:
1190:
1114:
957:lichen
949:Sweden
945:Norway
906:Poland
890:fledge
766:Russia
754:Europe
720:Europe
692:London
669:German
573:&
482:Sicily
472:&
456:Iberia
422:, the
319:Europe
231:
2121:EUNIS
2049:14234
2036:17260
2010:48890
1953:IRMNG
1919:14400
1901:eBird
1893:4KSC9
1864:BOW:
1857:73245
1744:(PDF)
1572:(PDF)
1382:S2CID
1360:(PDF)
1188:S2CID
805:alder
801:beech
778:China
774:Japan
562:Japan
500:Urals
484:. As
401:Latin
372:genus
283:genus
2147:GBIF
2126:1184
2100:8944
2005:NCBI
1979:IUCN
1966:ITIS
1927:GBIF
1852:BOLD
1716:ISBN
1639:Ibis
1614:ISBN
1576:Ibis
1547:2009
1518:2009
1489:2009
1458:ISBN
1433:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1249:2018
1213:ISBN
1153:2009
1112:ISBN
1022:2021
1005:2017
928:and
881:eggs
758:Asia
739:RSPB
678:and
647:and
617:tits
556:and
478:Alps
323:Asia
298:and
281:and
259:The
208:1758
134:Aves
2044:TSA
1992:NBN
1888:CoL
1875:BTO
1813:ADW
1687:doi
1647:doi
1643:148
1584:doi
1580:149
1372:doi
1180:doi
1176:122
1172:Auk
1108:290
1009:doi
799:or
797:oak
743:BTO
399:is
275:tit
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
