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40:
266:, or "let the buyer beware", and transformed it into a plush shopping experience fit for the Gilded Age. Unconditional refunds, consistent pricing and international imports are among the Field innovations that became standards in quality retailing. Field's employees were also instructed not to push products on uninterested customers, a common practice in stores of the period. The quotes "Give the lady what she wants" and "
251:. The new firm became known as "Field, Palmer, Leiter & Co." In 1867, after Field and Leiter could afford to buy him out, Palmer withdrew from the firm, and it was renamed "Field, Leiter & Company." In 1867, Field, Leiter & Company reported revenues of $ 12 million (equivalent to $ 215 million in 2023). Like many Chicago businessmen, Field's company was badly affected by the
1366:
435:, another early benefactor (and later the first president) of the museum, convinced Field that his everlasting legacy would be achieved by financing the project. The year after his death the Field Museum received a further $ 8 million (equivalent to $ 262 million in 2023) in accordance with his will.
430:
was named after
Marshall Field in 1894 after he gave it an endowment of $ 1 million (equivalent to $ 35.2 million in 2023). He was initially reluctant to make the kind of contribution that the organizers were requesting, reportedly saying, "I don't know anything about a museum and I don't care
239:
appreciated Field's keen business acumen; however, when it came to personality, the two were very different. Field's stuffy efficiency rode on
Farwell's more relaxed and cheery demeanor. At a time when business collaboration entailed extensive personal interaction, this partnership would not last
221:
store alongside his brother Joseph Field. He left
Massachusetts after five years of working in the dry goods store in search of new opportunities in the rapidly expanding West. In 1856, at age 22, he went to live with his brother in Chicago, Illinois, and obtained employment at leading dry goods
355:
On 22 November 1905, at the age of 37, Marshall Jr. incurred gunshot to the abdomen and died a few days later in hospital. The circumstances of his death are still uncertain, and proposed explanations have included suicide, domestic accident with a gun, and shooting by a prostitute from the
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Though most famous today for his retail business, during his lifetime his wholesale business made far more money. During the 1880s, Field's wholesale business generated five times more revenue than retail annually. The wholesale business even had its own landmark building, the
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In 1905, Field's fortune was valued at $ 125 million (equivalent to $ 3.29 billion in 2023). His will stated that after various bequests were made, Field's remaining estate was to be held in trust for 40 years for his two grandsons; 60% was to go to
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were inclined to agree, but
Marshall Field was not. A number of other men confided to Gage that they were not willing to publicly disagree with Field, the wealthiest and most powerful businessman in Chicago. Field also opposed organized labor during the
234:
Field quickly rose through the ranks of Cooley, Farwell & Co. In 1862, for financial reasons Cooley left the firm. That same year, Field purchased a partnership, and the firm reorganized as
Farwell, Field & Co.
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because of relatively low levels of debt. By 1881, Field had forced Leiter to sell his share of the business and changed the store's name to "Marshall Field and
Company".
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Field died in New York City, New York, on
January 16, 1906, at age 71 of pneumonia contracted after playing golf on New Year's Day with his nephew, his secretary, and
968:, pp. 55–56 Ayer reportedly convinced Field with the words, "You can sell dry goods until hell freezes over, but in 25 years, you will be absolutely forgotten."
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Field avoided political and social intrigue, instead focusing on his work and on supporting his family and his favorite causes. Field was a very active member of the
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885:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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278:, erected in 1887. Revenue from the Marshall Field's retail business did not surpass the company's wholesale business until after Field's death.
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while he was working for Field. The original saying was, "Assume that the customer is right until it is plain beyond all question he is not."
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333:. They had two sons and a daughter, but one son, Louis, died in 1866 as an infant. The surviving children were Marshall Field Jr. and
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A bust of
Marshall Field stands beside those of other early 20th century Chicago industrial magnates on the north riverbank of the
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1179:
Laermans, Rudi (1993). "Learning to consume: early department stores and the shaping of the modern consumer culture (1860-1914)".
905:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a
Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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Nannie died in 1896. In 1904, Field married longtime friend Delia Spencer, the widow of Arthur John Caton. They had no children.
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to know anything about a museum. I'm not going to give you a million dollars." He relented after railroad supplies magnate
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favored clemency, believing that moderation would lead to improved relations between capital and labor. Potter Palmer and
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Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement, and the Bombing That Divided Gilded Age America
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and 40% to Henry Field. Henry Field died in 1917, leaving the Field fortune in the hands of Marshall Field III.
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750:
O'Gorman, James F. (October 1978). "The Marshall Field Wholesale Store: Materials Towards a Monograph".
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175:(August 18, 1834 – January 16, 1906) was an American entrepreneur and the founder of
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Marshall Field Jr. (1868–1905) married Albertine Huck, and they were the parents of Henry Field,
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610:"National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Marshall Field & Company Store"
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throughout his career and prohibited unionization among his employees. During the time of the
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Field took an early 19th-century consumer landscape that was centered around the principle of
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348:; Marshall Jr. and Albertine were thus the grandparents of Archduchess Elyssa (Edmondstone),
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Graves of Marshall Field IV, Delia (Spencer) Field, and Marshall Field at Graceland Cemetery
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Field is also known for some of his philanthropic donations, providing funding for the
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Ethel Field was married twice, first to Arthur Magie Tree, with whom she had one son,
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Brand New : How Entrepreneurs Earned Consumers' Trust from Wedgwood to Dell
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206:, the son of John Field IV and Fidelia Nash. His family was descended from
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1350:
1036:
Museums in Motion: An Introduction to the History and Functions of Museums
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1232:"People & Events: Marshall Field (1834-1906) and Midwestern Commerce"
786:"People & Events: Marshall Field (1834-1906) and Midwestern Commerce"
207:
255:
of 1871, but reopened relatively quickly. The company also survived the
1339:
Give the Lady What She Wants! The Story of Marshall Field & Company
1304:
Sullivan, Timothy E. (1999). "Marshall Field". In James Garraty (ed.).
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Accompanying six photos, exterior and interior, from 1960 and undated
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Field married twice. In 1863, he married Nannie Douglas Scott of
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The Gay Nineties in America: A Cultural Dictionary of the 1890s
293:
led a national campaign to grant clemency. Even bankers like
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People associated with the Field Museum of Natural History
1156:. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. pp. 91–136.
468:
The company that Marshall Field founded was absorbed into
226:, which was to become Cooley, Farwell & Co. in 1857.
588:
Society of the Descendants of the Founders of Hartford
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Marshall Field's: The Store that Helped Build Chicago
1038:. Foreword by William T. Alderson. Walnut Creek, CA:
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752:Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians
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496:, brother and business partner of Marshall Field
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871:
841:The Fortune Builders: Chicago's Famous Families
667:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023).
995:Men of Affairs: a gallery of cartoon portraits
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627:(includes brief biography of Marshall Field).
346:Sir Archibald Charles Edmonstone, 6th Baronet
8:
1103:History of Marshall Field and Co., 1852-1906
1399:
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814:"Lawrence County, Ohio Historical Society"
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322:, also known as the Millionaires Club, on
210:who had come to America as early as 1629.
38:
27:
980:
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940:
1255:"Illinois Hall of Fame - Marshall Field"
998:. Chicago Evening Post. 1906. p. 1.
969:
406:. Field was buried on January 19 in the
344:, and Gwendolyn Mary Field, who married
190:and donating land for the campus of the
1609:Burials at Graceland Cemetery (Chicago)
1439:Federated Department Stores/Macy's Inc.
1096:. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. p. 160.
1094:Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age
1006:
921:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
641:. Westport, CT: Greenwood. p. 123.
546:
117: 1863; died 1896)
651:
243:In January 1865, Field and a partner,
1639:19th-century American philanthropists
1092:Schlup, Leonard; Ryan, James (2003).
919:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
202:Marshall Field was born on a farm in
7:
1644:19th-century American businesspeople
1594:American businesspeople in retailing
1337:Wendt, Lloyd; Kogan, Herman (1952).
1105:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
1013:The latter may have been coined by
855:"Henry Field Dies in Hospital Here"
584:"Zechariah Field, Hartford Founder"
719:Martin, Gary (December 11, 2023).
484:, the department store he founded.
14:
1604:People from Conway, Massachusetts
1434:The May Department Stores Company
1281:. Charleston, SC: History Press.
1075:. Tribune Company. Archived from
608:Ralph J. Christian (March 1977).
1429:Dayton-Hudson/Target Corporation
1364:
1253:Rhoads, Mark (August 22, 2006).
1234:. Chicago: City of the Century.
839:Edwin Darby (November 6, 2011).
788:. Chicago: City of the Century.
276:Marshall Field's Wholesale Store
162:
16:American businessman (1834–1906)
688:Gross Domestic Product deflator
428:Field Museum of Natural History
281:Field was highly suspicious of
188:Field Museum of Natural History
132:
114:
21:Marshall Field (disambiguation)
721:"The customer is always right"
559:"How Marshall Field Succeeded"
371:, with whom she had two sons,
304:1905 Chicago teamsters' strike
213:At the age of 17, he moved to
1:
1599:Philanthropists from Illinois
1181:Theory, Culture & Society
1065:Anderson, Jon (May 2, 1921).
669:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?"
373:David Beatty, 2nd Earl Beatty
369:David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty
217:, where he first worked in a
913:American Antiquarian Society
893:American Antiquarian Society
442:was co-founded by Field and
268:The customer is always right
1614:Businesspeople from Chicago
1306:American National Biography
472:a century after his death.
270:" are attributed to Field.
224:Cooley, Wadsworth & Co.
1660:
1548:Fieldale Historic District
1193:10.1177/026327693010004005
1125:. New York: Anchor Books.
1101:Twyman, Robert W. (1954).
521:, publisher, owner of the
177:Marshall Field and Company
90:Marshall Field and Company
18:
532:Interscope Communications
215:Pittsfield, Massachusetts
161:
37:
1343:Rand McNally and Company
1148:Koehn, Nancy F. (2001).
637:Gale, Robert L. (1992).
615:. National Park Service.
582:Jacobs, Timothy Lester.
502:(1893–1956), publisher,
350:Grand Duchess of Tuscany
1634:Retail company founders
1310:Oxford University Press
843:. Garrett County Press.
494:Henry Field (1841–1890)
452:Northwestern University
1460:Frederick & Nelson
1273:Soucek, Gayle (2010).
1015:Harry Gordon Selfridge
738:Schlup & Ryan 2003
707:Schlup & Ryan 2003
395:
367:; and then in 1901 to
324:Jekyll Island, Georgia
1629:Marshall Field family
1206:John Wiley & Sons
1200:Madson, Axel (2002).
1117:Green, James (2007).
571:on February 23, 2011.
557:(February 21, 2011).
528:Frederick "Ted" Field
440:University of Chicago
393:
299:Charles L. Hutchinson
204:Conway, Massachusetts
192:University of Chicago
61:Conway, Massachusetts
1373:at Wikimedia Commons
1032:Alexander, Edward P.
555:Marden, Orison Swett
291:Henry Demarest Lloyd
179:, the Chicago-based
104:Nannie Douglas Scott
19:For other uses, see
1324:The Marshall Fields
1202:The Marshall Fields
820:on December 2, 2013
690:figures follow the
444:John D. Rockefeller
404:Robert Todd Lincoln
79:New York City, U.S.
1553:Fieldale, Virginia
1067:"The Field Museum"
862:The New York Times
536:Interscope Records
534:and co-founder of
500:Marshall Field III
446:, to rival nearby
421:Marshall Field III
408:Graceland Cemetery
396:
342:Marshall Field III
320:Jekyll Island Club
253:Great Chicago Fire
1571:
1570:
1474:Store conversions
1448:Associated chains
1369:Media related to
519:Marshall Field IV
510:investment banker
488:Field Enterprises
181:department stores
170:
169:
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1624:Marshall Field's
1543:Fieldcrest Mills
1502:Chicago Flagship
1417:Parent companies
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1409:Marshall Field's
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1079:on June 12, 2008
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816:. Archived from
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567:. Archived from
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482:Marshall Field's
463:Merchandise Mart
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72:January 16, 1906
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864:. July 9, 1917.
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1318:Tebbel, John
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1584:1834 births
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877:1634–1699:
652:Twyman 1954
523:Chicago Sun
505:Chicago Sun
461:facing the
365:Ronald Tree
335:Ethel Field
245:Levi Leiter
88:Founder of
1578:Categories
1424:Batus Inc.
1308:. Oxford:
1025:References
952:Quoted in
593:August 17,
198:Early life
85:Occupation
53:1834-08-18
1507:Clubhouse
1495:Buildings
1297:795566689
508:founder,
222:merchant
219:dry goods
157:Signature
1563:Karastan
1486:Hudson's
1481:Dayton's
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1172:44868991
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902:(1992).
882:(1997).
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476:See also
448:Evanston
318:and the
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146:Children
1531:Related
1264:May 27,
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1083:May 27,
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414:Legacy
240:long.
230:Career
63:, U.S.
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768:JSTOR
613:(pdf)
542:Notes
386:Death
151:Ethel
131:(
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1347:OCLC
1293:OCLC
1283:ISBN
1266:2008
1246:2008
1220:OCLC
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1127:ISBN
1085:2008
1054:OCLC
1044:ISBN
928:2024
826:2013
800:2008
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