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was evident when they arrived, but a low hanging wire obstructed
Marshall Road. Together, they closed Marshall Road. Then seeing smoke, Engine 2209 moved south along a dirt road and discovered a small grass fire at 11:21 a.m. Once the fire location was identified by the unit, high winds started to rapidly spread the fire. Three minutes after finding the fire, it was determined out of control and additional units were called to assist. At 11:44 a.m. the commander on site ordered the evacuation of residents two miles (3.2 km) downwind of the fire. By noon the fire had reached the town of Superior, three miles (4.8 km) to the east, prompting the evacuation of stores there. Within another hour evacuations had been ordered for tens of thousands of people starting with the town of
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The
Marshall Fire was first reported to 911 on 30 December 2021 at the intersection of Colorado 93 and Marshall Road at 11:09 a.m. The first firefighting unit, Mountain View Fire and Rescue engine 2209, arrived on scene at 11:12 a.m. Boulder Open Space Ranger 5077 was already there. No fire
433:
destruction, distribution depressurization, and the failure of backup power systems. These consequences jeopardized fire-fighting support and allowed for contamination of water distribution systems. Staff decontaminated and restored services, with actions taken to improve response to future events.
356:
to assist. For those affected by the fires, Colorado
Chamber President and CEO Loren Furman announced that the Colorado Chamber was united to help members and all local businesses and residents impacted by the fire. The Northwest Chamber Alliance created a website that centralized resources for
432:
The fire damaged six public drinking water systems in the area. A case study was developed to better understand decisions, resources, expertise, and response limitations during and after the wildfire. The fire caused all water systems to lose power and was sometimes coupled with structure
365:
Eight burn injuries were confirmed in
Boulder County. Two people were killed. Over 1,000 pets are estimated to have perished, as well as two horses, two goats and nine cows. Even though much of the land burned was grazing land, rescuers saved hundreds of other livestock.
236:
An unusually wet spring with above average growth of grass due to moist conditions, followed by an unusually warm and dry summer and fall, created abundant dry grass. This, combined with the lack of snow so far that winter, created ideal weather conditions for wildfires.
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Over 37,500 residents, employees and shoppers safely evacuated. Ten evacuation notices were posted by
Boulder County during the event. The results from a questionnaire study indicate that almost 70% of the householders in the area decided to evacuate. The
321:
Wind gusts of 115 miles per hour (185 km/h) were reported, and the fire extent was an estimated 1,600 acres (650 ha) by 5:00 p.m. and had increased to 6,200 acres (2,500 ha) by 10:00 a.m. on
December 31.
264:
power line," adding that negligence and intent had been ruled out and no criminal charges were expected. This determination came after a lengthy investigation in which multiple alternatives were considered. The possibility of
419:
An estimated 1,084 structures, including houses, a hotel and at least one shopping center, burned as a result of the
Marshall Fire, and another 149 were damaged. Less than 12 hours after igniting, the fire surpassed the 2013
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In June 2023, Boulder County
Sheriff Curtis Johnson announced that the fire's causes had been found. He said that the fire was caused by two separate occurrences: "week-old embers on
1535:
1557:
Whelton, Andrew J.; Seidel, Chad; Wham, Brad P.; Fischer, Erica C.; Isaacson, Kristofer; Jankowski, Caroline; MacArthur, Nathan; McKenna, Elizabeth; Ley, Christian (January 2023).
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223:. It began in two places and was neither caused by criminal negligence nor intentional. As a result of the fire 37,500 people were evacuated.
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707:
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Additionally, high winds were recorded in the area, with gusts of up to 115 miles per hour (185 km/h). The winds were driven by the
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610:
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2018:
2003:
1998:
1430:
Forrister, Ana; Kuligowski, Erica D.; Sun, Yuran; Yan, Xiang; Lovreglio, Ruggiero; Cova, Thomas J.; Zhao, Xilei (April 1, 2024).
1925:
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as the state's most destructive in terms of structures lost. Later estimates place the total damage surpassing $ 2 billion.
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822:
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670:
894:"Marshall fire started by week-old embers on Twelve Tribes property and a sparking Xcel power line, Boulder sheriff says"
1773:
1617:
345:
105:
671:"Marshall fire officially becomes Colorado's most destructive, with 991 homes and businesses burned, officials confirm"
1169:"Tens of thousands of residents in Colorado told to evacuate due to wildfires driven by wind gusts as high as 115 mph"
1000:"Underground coal fire being investigated as a potential source of ignition in fast-moving, destructive Marshall Fire"
1316:
1679:
1432:"Analyzing Risk Perception, Evacuation Decision and Delay Time: A Case Study of the 2021 Marshall Fire in Colorado"
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causing the fire was ruled out. Xcel Energy has faced more than 200 lawsuits filed by victims of the fire.
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1343:"Identity of final person missing from Marshall fire confirmed as investigators uncover bone fragments"
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effect, and allowed for rapid spread of the fire. Effects of the high winds were also observed on the
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1108:"WATCH LIVE: Entire towns of Superior and Louisville ordered to evacuate due to multiple grass fires"
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544:"As many as 600 homes lost, 6 people injured as Marshall fire quickly spreads across Boulder County"
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1472:"Boulder County releases updated list of structures damaged and destroyed in the Marshall Fire"
1979:
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823:"Marshall fire explained: How we got 115 mph winds in Boulder County on a December winter day"
515:
421:
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36:
1502:"Boulder County Sheriff releases preliminary list of structures damaged in the Marshall Fire"
340:
declared a state of emergency around 3:15 p.m. on the day of the outbreak and ordered a
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311:
1078:"The minute-by-minute story of the Marshall fire's wind-fueled tear through Boulder County"
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306:, and unincorporated Boulder County. Other portions of Broomfield, along with portions of
203:
and urban conflagration that started on
December 30, 2021, shortly after 11:00 a.m.
1574:
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1200:"Snow puts out Colorado wildfires with 3 people missing and nearly 1,000 homes burned"
1026:"Xcel Energy faces nearly 300 lawsuits alleging utility company started Marshall fire"
1992:
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closed multiple lanes and roadways as a result of crashes and the fires themselves;
1833:
1559:"The Marshall Fire: Scientific and policy needs for water system disaster response"
1230:"Colorado Chamber supports local businesses impacted by Marshall, Middle Fork Fire"
219:. The fire killed two people and destroyed more than 991 structures to become the
30:
465:
Pots and pans seen in the remains of a home burned from the fire the night after.
357:
businesses for federal and state aid, local resources, and donation information.
1813:
1801:
898:
341:
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956:"Investigation into Marshall Fire shows multiple ignition points, sheriff says"
792:"Marshall fire may have destroyed 1,000 homes in Boulder County, officials say"
1818:
1448:
970:"Marshall Fire investigators look at underground coal mines as possible cause"
325:
On the night of
December 31–January 1, heavy snowfall put an end to the fire.
1457:
700:"President Joe Biden Approves FEMA After Colorado Wildfires, 3 Presumed Dead"
127:
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641:"CU President and officials give update on Marshall and Middle Fork fires"
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611:"Colorado brushfires lead to evacuations; state of emergency declared"
1602:
925:
276:
395:. Safety warnings were also issued for travelers on a stretch of
1261:"One of three people missing after Marshall fire is found alive"
1606:
1172:
866:
518:, previously was the most destructive fire in Colorado history
1292:"Remains found in search for person missing in Marshall Fire"
1399:"Emergency Notifications from Boulder County Communications"
863:"Marshall Fire grew to 6,200 acres overnight, official says"
411:
was temporarily closed for 40 minutes in the late morning.
761:"Climate change, new construction mean more ruinous fires"
730:"Climate change, new construction mean more ruinous fires"
1532:"Marshall Fire devastation cost: More than $ 2 billion"
248:
campus, where downed branches and trees were reported.
1139:"Polis declares state of emergency for Boulder fires"
1317:"Marshall Fire victim identified as 69-year-old man"
892:
Phillips, Noelle; Bradybury, Shelly (June 8, 2023).
576:"Marshall Fire damage estimate now tops $ 2 billion"
1934:
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861:Hassan, Carma; Andes, Natalie (December 31, 2021).
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790:Hern, Elizabeth; Ehern, Ez | (December 31, 2021).
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1618:
1373:"Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis"
1052:"Marshall Fire Facilitated Learning Analysis"
285:around 2:00 PM MST on December 30. View from
8:
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20:
2024:December 2021 events in the United States
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477:Front porch of a home burned by the fire.
221:most destructive fire in Colorado history
16:Fire in Boulder County, Colorado, in 2021
2029:January 2022 events in the United States
552:. Boulder, Colorado. December 30, 2021.
352:responded to the fire by permitting the
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677:from the original on September 20, 2022
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281:Large plumes of smoke are visible over
1538:from the original on February 25, 2023
1411:from the original on December 21, 2022
1149:from the original on February 21, 2023
1118:from the original on February 21, 2023
621:from the original on December 31, 2021
1210:from the original on February 5, 2022
980:from the original on January 22, 2022
588:from the original on October 28, 2022
377:Colorado Department of Transportation
39:, quickly spreading into nearby homes
7:
1512:from the original on January 2, 2022
1482:from the original on January 9, 2022
1323:from the original on January 8, 2022
1271:from the original on January 3, 2022
1259:Bradbury, Shelly (January 2, 2022).
1240:from the original on January 6, 2022
1179:from the original on January 1, 2022
1088:from the original on January 7, 2022
936:from the original on January 8, 2023
873:from the original on January 1, 2022
833:from the original on January 3, 2022
802:from the original on January 2, 2022
771:from the original on January 2, 2022
759:Bellisle, Martha (January 2, 2022).
740:from the original on January 2, 2022
710:from the original on January 2, 2022
694:
692:
651:from the original on January 1, 2022
556:from the original on January 1, 2022
35:Satellite view of the wildfire near
1379:from the original on March 22, 2023
1198:Sullivan, Becky (January 1, 2022).
1058:from the original on March 22, 2023
383:was closed in both directions from
354:Federal Emergency Management Agency
336:In response to the fires, Governor
318:were issued pre-evacuation orders.
1137:Powell, Erin (December 30, 2021).
14:
1353:from the original on May 25, 2022
906:from the original on June 9, 2023
1290:Case, Angela (January 5, 2022).
821:Stein, Lee (December 31, 2021).
470:
458:
441:
29:
387:to Broomfield and a portion of
246:University of Colorado Boulder
1:
428:Public drinking water systems
1436:Travel Behaviour and Society
346:Denver International Airport
2050:
389:Colorado State Highway 470
1974:
1449:10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100729
409:Colorado State Highway 93
391:was closed entirely near
63:January 1, 2022
28:
2019:Boulder County, Colorado
1819:Prescott National Forest
370:Evacuations and closures
298:and later the cities of
260:property and a sparking
227:Ignition and Progression
2004:2022 Colorado wildfires
1999:2021 Colorado wildfires
1506:Boulder County Colorado
930:www.marshallfiremap.com
509:2022 Colorado wildfires
497:2021 Colorado wildfires
290:
2034:Wildfires in Colorado
1175:. December 30, 2021.
1114:. December 30, 2021.
647:. December 31, 2021.
617:. December 30, 2021.
450:at Wikimedia Commons
280:
152:6,026 acres (24.4 km)
1534:. October 27, 2022.
1375:. October 27, 2022.
1349:. January 22, 2022.
1054:. October 27, 2022.
976:. January 22, 2022.
958:. December 28, 2022.
584:. October 27, 2022.
178:Structures destroyed
1921:Argentine Patagonia
1575:2023AWWWS...5E1318W
1319:. January 7, 2022.
1236:. January 4, 2022.
1234:FOX21 News Colorado
1084:. January 6, 2022.
736:. January 2, 2022.
706:. January 2, 2022.
673:. January 1, 2022.
124: /
1563:AWWA Water Science
1032:. January 12, 2024
1006:. January 21, 2011
291:
199:was a destructive
170:Non-fatal injuries
1986:
1985:
1926:Chilean Patagonia
1634:Wildfires in 2021
1584:10.1002/aws2.1318
516:Black Forest fire
446:Media related to
422:Black Forest Fire
348:. U.S. president
287:State Highway 128
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37:Boulder, Colorado
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2014:2022 meteorology
2009:2021 meteorology
1752:British Columbia
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1814:Perkinsville
1675:Dzüko Valley
1652:South Africa
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1542:February 25,
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625:December 31,
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342:ground delay
335:
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196:
194:
18:
1866:Snake River
1347:www.cpr.org
1010:January 22,
984:January 22,
899:Denver Post
338:Jared Polis
316:Westminster
273:Progression
267:drift mines
262:Xcel Energy
149:Burned area
131: /
106:Coordinates
1993:Categories
1941:Australia
1903:Washington
1888:New Mexico
1877:Minnesota
1841:California
1834:Wickenburg
1774:Nuevo León
1516:January 2,
1486:January 9,
1442:: 100729.
1327:January 8,
1301:January 6,
1275:January 3,
1244:January 6,
1214:January 2,
1143:NBC 9 News
1092:January 7,
837:January 3,
806:January 2,
775:January 2,
744:January 3,
714:January 2,
655:January 1,
560:January 1,
523:References
405:Georgetown
361:Casualties
304:Broomfield
300:Louisville
232:Background
209:grass fire
144:Statistics
67:2022-01-01
1881:Arrowhead
1656:Cape Town
1593:257206725
1458:2214-367X
1112:KUSA (TV)
940:April 10,
704:The Blast
681:March 31,
350:Joe Biden
308:Lafayette
94:Colorado,
1962:Beechina
1950:Wooroloo
1846:Colorado
1829:Superior
1716:Arakapas
1536:Archived
1510:Archived
1480:Archived
1406:Archived
1377:Archived
1351:Archived
1321:Archived
1296:KUSA.com
1269:Archived
1238:Archived
1208:Archived
1177:Archived
1147:Archived
1116:Archived
1086:Archived
1056:Archived
1036:April 1,
1004:KUSA.com
978:Archived
934:Archived
904:Archived
871:Archived
831:Archived
800:Archived
769:Archived
738:Archived
708:Archived
675:Archived
649:Archived
619:Archived
586:Archived
581:CBS News
554:Archived
486:See also
399:between
393:Morrison
296:Superior
283:Superior
217:Colorado
201:wildfire
119:105°22′W
82:Location
73:(3 days)
1957:2021-22
1945:2020–21
1935:Oceania
1861:Riggins
1824:Safford
1789:Clifton
1784:Arizona
1770:Mexico
1748:Canada
1712:Cyprus
1648:Algeria
1571:Bibcode
1357:May 25,
910:June 9,
765:AP News
592:June 5,
437:Gallery
385:Boulder
332:Effects
207:, as a
157:Impacts
116:40°05′N
65: (
54: (
45:Date(s)
1980:2022 ▶
1977:◀ 2020
1893:Oregon
1873:Kansas
1857:Idaho
1809:Payson
1802:Mescal
1793:Globe
1757:Lytton
1728:Greece
1723:France
1706:Europe
1697:Turkey
1692:Russia
1687:Israel
1671:India
1641:Africa
1591:
1456:
415:Damage
401:Golden
314:, and
312:Arvada
186:Damage
162:Deaths
1898:Texas
1733:Italy
1589:S2CID
1569:(1).
1409:(PDF)
1402:(PDF)
252:Cause
181:1,084
56:30-12
1665:Asia
1544:2023
1518:2022
1488:2022
1454:ISSN
1417:2023
1385:2023
1359:2022
1329:2022
1303:2022
1277:2022
1246:2022
1216:2022
1185:2021
1155:2021
1124:2021
1094:2022
1064:2023
1038:2024
1012:2022
986:2022
942:2023
912:2023
879:2021
839:2022
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746:2022
716:2022
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657:2022
627:2021
594:2023
562:2022
407:and
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1173:CNN
867:CNN
344:at
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