139:; she herself was registered as the client. The house remained the center of the Dix family's life for decades and this is where the three children grew up. Otto Dix traveled to Dresden until 1943 and annually after 1947, where he had a long-time lover Käthe König, with whom he had a daughter born in 1939. At the end of the war, Otto Dix was once again deployed and was in French captivity until February 1946. Members of the French occupation troops were quartered in the house in Hemmenhofen, which Martha Dix said she was able to come to terms with, among other things, because she spoke French.
20:
171:
Dix's portraits show his wife in a wide variety of roles. "Sometimes she is a muse and witty companion, sometimes a sophisticated woman, sometimes a mother and family center". However, he never painted them in a sexualized or erotic way, as is known from his other works, where he painted prostitutes
103:
came to DĂĽsseldorf at the invitation of
Johanna Ey and Hans Koch, where he sold the latter two works and received his first portrait commission from him. He worked in the Koch house and the result was the unflattering portrait of Dr. Hans Koch. A love affair quickly developed between Martha Koch and
80:
Martha
Lindner was born in Cologne in 1895 as the youngest of four children into a wealthy middle-class family. Her mother was Maria Juliane Lindner (née Rottluger), and her father was Bernhard Lindner, an insurance director. In addition to her mother tongue, she learned several foreign languages
167:
Between 1921 and 1933, Otto Dix portrayed Martha as often as otherwise only himself; in total it is the motif in over seventy paintings, watercolors and drawings. No other person plays such a diverse role in the artist's work as Martha. Most of the pictures were done in DĂĽsseldorf, Dresden and
130:
The Dix family first moved to
Randegg Castle, which belonged to Hans Koch and initially lived in more or less precarious circumstances, as Dix was also prohibited from exhibiting. In 1935/1936, after the death of her father, Martha Dix had her own house and studio built with her inheritance in
142:
Their daughter Nelly died in 1953, and Martha and Otto Dix took their granddaughter
Bettina to live with them. After Otto Dix's death in 1969, she adopted Bettina in 1972 and traveled with her to Thailand, Morocco and France. After she had a first heart attack in 1979, Martha Dix moved to
81:(French, Italian, English and Russian) and piano. In addition to music, she was also interested in fine arts and design from an early age, so she attended the Cologne Sonderbund exhibition when she was 17. She is described as “self-confident, assertive and demanding” and well-educated".
127:. Martha Dix's father had paid the rent for seven years in advance. In 1927, her son Ursus was born, and in 1928 she gave birth to her youngest son Jan. From 1927, Otto Dix had a professorship at the Dresden Art Academy, from which he was dismissed in 1933 by the National Socialists.
115:
Martha Dix proved that, despite her upper-class background, she was practical and adaptable. For example, she renovated the shared apartment and took care of the everyday things of living together. The two also enjoyed the urban life in the 1920s.
168:
Berlin, starting with portrait sketches in
October 1921, when the couple was just getting to know each other in the Koch house, to the first representative oil painting that shows her as a complex personality, in black fur with a red hat.
84:
In 1914 she got engaged to the urologist Hans Koch, who basically would have preferred to have a relationship with her sister, five years older than her. The couple married in 1915 while Koch was still in the war; he returned to
158:
She handed over the house in
Hemmenhofen and the rights to her husband's estate to the Otto Dix Foundation, which she founded in 1983, and whose shareholders were her two sons and granddaughter Bettina Dix-Pfefferkorn.
119:
Otto and Martha Dix ("Jim and Mutzli") initially stayed in DĂĽsseldorf. In the autumn of 1925 the family moved with their two and a half year old daughter Nelly into an apartment on
191:
was created in 1933, “distant and without illusions”. Martha Dix only reappears as a motif in a picture book from 1955 that was later created for her granddaughter
Bettina.
92:
During this marriage with Koch, Martha gave birth to two children, the son Martin, called "Muggeli" (born 1917) and the daughter Han (born 1920), called "Hanali". A
187:). In 1927 Otto Dix had started the long-term parallel relationship with Käthe König. A penultimate drawing, which differs greatly from the previous illustrations,
172:
and their surroundings. Two drawings from 1923 depicting “Mutzli” waking up in the morning are the ultimate eroticism that can be found in his pictures of Martha.
472:
96:
between Maria, Martha and Hans Koch is assumed, as the
Cologne gallery owner Karl Nierendorf, who was also in love with Maria, described in his notes.
572:
507:
175:
Dix was also present at the birth of his children, which was unusual for the time - he was drawing - from these experiences the unfinished painting
183:
with clear echoes of traditional depictions of the Holy Family, albeit ironically. The last paintings with Martha Dix as a motif was made in 1928 (
448:
64:. She was portrayed many times by her husband from 1921 to 1933. A well-known double portrait of the couple appears in the photographer
179:
emerged. This is followed by a whole series of works dealing with the theme of motherhood, children and family, including the painting
384:
456:
339:"Mal mondäne Frau, mal liebevolle Mutter. Im Kunstmuseum laufen die Vorbereitungen für die Schau „Otto Dix – Hommage à Martha“",
610:
605:
326:
Johannes
Stoffler, "Ein biographischer Garten. Der Garten der Familie Dix in Hemmenhofen", in Annemarie Bucher,
515:
272:
488:
377:
464:
289:
Die
Geschichte der Galerie Nierendorf: Kunstleidenschaft im Dienst der Moderne Berlin/New York 1920-1995
247:
Die Geschichte der Galerie Nierendorf Kunstleidenschaft im Dienst der Moderne Berlin/New York 1920-1995
600:
595:
93:
259:
19:
155:, to live with her granddaughter Bettina, from where she made further trips to Greece and Turkey.
620:
565:
370:
480:
440:
424:
408:
112:'s photographs from Dix's circle of friends in Dresden were taken during this early period.
554:
538:
356:, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart, Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit, 2005 (German), ISBN 3-7757-1620-3
317:, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit, 2005 (German), ISBN 3-7757-1620-3
236:, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit, 2005 (German), ISBN 3-7757-1620-3
223:, Kunstmuseum Stuttgart. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern-Ruit, 2005 (German), ISBN 3-7757-1620-3
615:
136:
285:
Karl Nierendorf, Otto Dix und die Ausstellung „Die Neue Sachlichkeit“ in Mannheim 1925
589:
533:
416:
86:
65:
89:
due to an injury. where he opened his own art gallery ("Graphinett") after the war.
109:
24:
330:, Band, 2014. Vdf Hochschulverlag, ZĂĽrich, 2014 (German), ISBN 978-3-7281-3579-7
132:
120:
36:
328:
Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Gartenkultur: Gartenbiografien: Orte erzählen
302:
Geschichte und bildende Kunst (= Tel Aviver Jahrbuch fĂĽr deutsche Geschichte)
60:) was a German goldsmith and silversmith, as well as the wife of the painter
432:
273:
Aus der Kiste der Enkelin Dix, Westdeutsche Zeitung, 30 August 2011 (German)
393:
148:
144:
100:
61:
53:
105:
49:
304:, Wallstein-Verlag, 2006 (German), ISBN 3-8353-0009-1, ISSN 0932-8408
152:
124:
57:
245:
Anja Walter-Ris, "3.2.1 Das „Liebesquartett“ und Karl Nierendorf",
18:
16:
German gold and silver smith; wife and model of painter Otto Dix
366:
362:
108:
with him for a few months before returning to DĂĽsseldorf.
104:
Otto Dix, which culminated in the fact that she went to
547:
526:
499:
400:
300:Mosheh Tsuḳerman, "Otto Dix im Dritten Reich", in
378:
8:
473:Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden
210:: Dix, Martha, Deutsche Biographie (German)
385:
371:
363:
573:The Painter Otto Dix and His Wife, Martha
508:Stormtroopers Advance Under a Gas Attack
177:Birth and Newborn Child on Hands (Ursus)
200:
260:"The Doctor and his Painter (German)"
35:
7:
343:, Stuttgart, 20 August 2005 (German)
449:Portrait of the Dancer Anita Berber
14:
457:The Art Dealer Alfred Flechtheim
23:Martha Dix, in a photograph by
1:
163:Martha portrayed by Otto Dix
637:
354:Otto Dix. Hommage a Martha
315:Otto Dix. Hommage a Martha
234:Otto Dix. Hommage a Martha
221:Otto Dix. Hommage a Martha
70:People of the 20th Century
185:Mrs. Martha Dix I and II
341:Stuttgarter Nachrichten
249:, Berlin, 2003 (German)
576:(1925-1926 photograph)
28:
465:Hugo Erfurth with Dog
44:; other married name
22:
611:German silversmiths
208:Deutsche Biographie
181:The Artist's Family
29:
606:German goldsmiths
583:
582:
566:Sylvia von Harden
283:Anja Walter-Ris,
99:In October 1921,
52:– March 6, 1985,
48:; July 19, 1895,
628:
425:The Skat Players
409:The Match Seller
387:
380:
373:
364:
357:
350:
344:
337:
331:
324:
318:
311:
305:
298:
292:
281:
275:
270:
264:
263:
256:
250:
243:
237:
230:
224:
217:
211:
205:
43:
636:
635:
631:
630:
629:
627:
626:
625:
586:
585:
584:
579:
555:New Objectivity
543:
539:Museum Haus Dix
522:
495:
396:
391:
361:
360:
351:
347:
338:
334:
325:
321:
312:
308:
299:
295:
291:, 2003 (German)
282:
278:
271:
267:
258:
257:
253:
244:
240:
231:
227:
218:
214:
206:
202:
197:
165:
78:
17:
12:
11:
5:
634:
632:
624:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
588:
587:
581:
580:
578:
577:
569:
563:
557:
551:
549:
545:
544:
542:
541:
536:
530:
528:
524:
523:
521:
520:
512:
503:
501:
497:
496:
494:
493:
485:
477:
469:
461:
453:
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
404:
402:
398:
397:
392:
390:
389:
382:
375:
367:
359:
358:
352:Karin Schick,
345:
332:
319:
313:Karin Schick,
306:
293:
276:
265:
251:
238:
232:Karin Schick,
225:
219:Karin Schick,
212:
199:
198:
196:
193:
164:
161:
137:Lake Constance
94:ménage à trois
77:
74:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
633:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
593:
591:
575:
574:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
550:
546:
540:
537:
535:
534:Otto-Dix-Haus
532:
531:
529:
525:
518:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
504:
502:
498:
491:
490:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
474:
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
458:
454:
451:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
435:
434:
430:
427:
426:
422:
419:
418:
417:Prague Street
414:
411:
410:
406:
405:
403:
399:
395:
388:
383:
381:
376:
374:
369:
368:
365:
355:
349:
346:
342:
336:
333:
329:
323:
320:
316:
310:
307:
303:
297:
294:
290:
286:
280:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
255:
252:
248:
242:
239:
235:
229:
226:
222:
216:
213:
209:
204:
201:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
169:
162:
160:
156:
154:
150:
146:
140:
138:
134:
128:
126:
122:
117:
113:
111:
107:
102:
97:
95:
90:
88:
82:
75:
73:
71:
68:'s portfolio
67:
66:August Sander
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
42:
38:
33:
26:
21:
571:
559:
514:
506:
487:
479:
471:
463:
455:
447:
439:
431:
423:
415:
407:
353:
348:
340:
335:
327:
322:
314:
309:
301:
296:
288:
284:
279:
268:
254:
246:
241:
233:
228:
220:
215:
207:
203:
189:Mutz Sitting
188:
184:
180:
176:
174:
170:
166:
157:
141:
129:
118:
114:
110:Hugo Erfurth
98:
91:
83:
79:
69:
45:
40:
31:
30:
25:Hugo Erfurth
601:1985 deaths
596:1895 births
484:(1927–1928)
444:(1920–1923)
133:Hemmenhofen
590:Categories
560:Martha Dix
500:Engravings
481:Metropolis
441:The Trench
195:References
121:Kaiserdamm
87:DĂĽsseldorf
32:Martha Dix
433:To Beauty
401:Paintings
621:Otto Dix
394:Otto Dix
149:Provence
145:Sarrians
101:Otto Dix
72:(1925).
62:Otto Dix
54:Sarrians
568:(model)
548:Related
527:Museums
516:The War
489:The War
135:on the
106:Dresden
50:Cologne
41:Lindner
562:(wife)
519:(1924)
511:(1924)
492:(1932)
476:(1926)
468:(1926)
460:(1926)
452:(1925)
436:(1922)
428:(1920)
420:(1920)
412:(1920)
153:France
125:Berlin
58:France
39:
27:(1922)
616:Muses
287:, in
76:Life
46:Koch
147:in
123:in
37:née
592::
151:,
56:,
386:e
379:t
372:v
262:.
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
