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two in the right lung, one in the heart, five in the liver, two in the spleen, and six in the stomach, also wounding her lower abdomen and genitals. She was lying on her back and her clothing was raised to her middle, exposing her lower half, which indicated the body lay in a sexual position. Killeen, however, could supply no evidence of intercourse. The testimony of the residents and Dr
Killeen indicated that Tabram was killed between 2:00 a.m. and 3:30 a.m. Residents had seen and heard nothing amiss between these times.
473:, who implied that Tabram was murdered by an unidentified soldier or soldiers in an 1894 memorandum on the murders. Dr Killeen, who performed the post mortem on Tabram, strengthened this belief with his opinion that two weapons were used—one of Tabram's wounds, which penetrated the chest bone, was inflicted with a weapon longer and stouter than the others, a dagger or possibly a bayonet, while the others were inflicted with a shorter, slimmer knife.
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to re-examine his choice, Barrett picked out another man, and the first was allowed to leave. Barrett explained his change of heart by stating that the man he had seen in George Yard had no medals, whereas the man he had selected at first did. Barrett's second choice, John Leary, claimed that on the night of the murder he had gone drinking in
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425:(1.60 m) tall and had dark hair. The inquest into her death was concluded by deputy coroner for South-East Middlesex George Collier on 23 August at the Working Lad's Institute, Whitechapel Road, with a verdict of murder by person or persons unknown. No suspect was ever arrested for Tabram's murder.
457:
on 9 November were also linked at the time to Tabram's. The last five murders mentioned are now generally referred to as the "canonical five" victims of Jack the Ripper. All were knife murders of impoverished prostitutes in the
Whitechapel and Spitalfields districts, generally perpetrated in darkness
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Reeves fetched
Barrett, who sent for Dr. Timothy Robert Killeen to examine the body. Killeen arrived at about 5:30 a.m. and estimated that Tabram had been dead for around 3 hours. Her killer had stabbed her 39 times in the body and neck, including nine times in the throat, five in the left lung,
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In the early hours of the following morning, a resident of the
Buildings, one Mrs. Hewitt, was awoken by cries of "Murder!", but domestic violence and shouts of that nature were common in the area and she ignored the noise. At 2:00 a.m., two other residents, husband and wife Joseph and Elizabeth
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on 7 August in the hope that
Barrett could identify the man he had seen standing in the street. Barrett did not recognise any of the men. A parade of all the soldiers on leave on the night of the murder was arranged at the Tower on 8 August, and this time PC Barrett picked out a man. On being asked
511:
over time, as the Ripper did with increasingly severe mutilations. While the five canonical Ripper murders were located roughly north, south, east and west of
Whitechapel, Tabram's murder occurred close to their geographic centre. It is possible that her murder was one of the first committed by the
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investigation between 1889 and 1891; thus, his notes reflect only the opinions of some police officers at the time and include several factual errors in the information presented pertaining to possible suspects. Serial killers have been known to have changed their murder weapons, but especially to
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in
Whitechapel. Around the beginning of July, they left abruptly, owing rent, and separated for the last time about the middle of that month. Tabram moved to a common lodging house at 19 George Street, Spitalfields. By the time of her death, Tabram's economic situation had become so desperate that
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before returning to the Tower. Law was interviewed, separately from Leary, and his version of the night's events corresponded exactly with Leary's. On the strength of their corroborating statements and because of
Barrett's uncertain identification, Leary and Law were dismissed from the inquiry.
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loitering nearby, who replied that he was waiting for a friend. At 3:30 a.m., resident Albert George Crow returned home after a night's work as a cab driver and noticed Tabram's body lying on a landing above the first flight of stairs. The landing was so dimly lit that he mistook her for a
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The police did not connect the murder with Smith's, but they did connect her death with the later five murders. Later students of the Ripper murders have largely excluded Tabram from the list of Ripper victims, chiefly because her throat was not cut in the manner of later victims, nor was she
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Tabram's body was formally identified by her estranged husband on 14 August. At the time of her death, she was wearing a black bonnet, a long black jacket, a dark green skirt, a brown petticoat and stockings, and spring-sided boots showing considerable wear. She was 5 feet 3 inches
409:, not coming forward until 9 August. She missed an identity parade arranged at the Tower for 10 August, but attended the rescheduled one on the 13th. Connelly failed to recognise the clients and claimed that the men that night had worn white cap-bands. As such bands were worn only by the
251:, London, on 10 May 1849. She was the youngest of five children born to Charles Samuel White, a warehouseman, and his wife, Elisabeth Dowsett. In order of birth, her four older siblings were Henry, Stephen, Esther and Mary Ann. She was 5 feet 3 inches (160 cm) tall and had dark hair.
317:, the Angel and Crown, close to George Yard Buildings. The four of them paired off, left the public house and separated at approximately 11:45 p.m., each woman with her own client. Martha and her client went to George Yard, a narrow north–south alley connecting Wentworth Street and
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Tabram lived on and off with Henry Turner, a carpenter, from about 1876 until three weeks before her death. This relationship was also troubled by Martha's drinking and occasionally staying out all night. She, and her sons, were listed as being overnight inmates at the
Whitechapel Union
476:
Several 20th-century psychological reports have assumed Mary Ann
Nichols to have been Jack the Ripper's first victim, but add that her murder was unlikely to have been his first attack. Some have suggested the Ripper may have murdered Tabram before perfecting his
321:, entered from Whitechapel High Street by a covered archway next to The White Hart Inn. George Yard Buildings, a block of tenement flats built in 1876, were on the western side of the alley, near the northern end to the back of
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In May 1865, Tabram's parents separated; six months later, her father died of natural causes at the age of 59. According to his daughter Mary Ann, her father had been unable to work for several months prior to his death.
523:, in which he outlines his case that Martha's husband, Henry Samuel Tabram, was the real Ripper. He bases this on cryptographic clues he claims to have found in letters written by the Ripper and other evidence.
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night of 1881. By 1888 Turner was out of regular employment and the couple earned income by selling trinkets and other small articles on the streets, while lodging for about four months at 4 Star Place, off
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Because of Martha's drinking, which was heavy enough to cause alcoholic fits, the Tabrams' marriage was troubled. Martha's husband left her in 1875. For about three years he paid her an allowance of 12
267:. In 1871, the couple moved to a house close to Martha's childhood home. She and Henry had two sons: Frederick John Tabram (born February 1871) and Charles Henry Tabram (born December 1872).
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On 6 August 1888, the night before her murder, Tabram was drinking ale and rum with another woman, and some-time prostitute, Mary Ann Connelly, known as "Pearly Poll", and two soldiers in a
699:, 24 August 1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner, p. 18) and she was at other times known as "Emma" or "Martha Turner", taking the last name of the man with whom she had most recently lived.
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Another soldier from the Tower, Corporal Benjamin, who was absent without leave, was also dismissed from the investigation after it transpired that he had been visiting his father in
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sleeping vagrant and it was not until just before 5:00 a.m. that a resident coming down the stairs on his way to work, dock labourer John Saunders Reeves, realised she was dead.
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The time of Tabram's murder, at least two hours after leaving the public house with her soldier client, would have allowed sufficient time for Tabram to solicit another client
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On Christmas Day 1869, Martha married a foreman furniture packer named Henry Samuel Tabram. The service was conducted at Trinity Church in St. Mary's Parish,
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on the 15th, where she picked out two soldiers, but both had solid alibis. One had been at home with his wife, while the other had been in the barracks.
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in the small hours of the morning, in a secluded site to which the public could gain access, and which occurred on or close to a weekend or holiday.
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with a buddy, Private Law. According to Leary, they had missed each other at closing time and he had gone for a walk before meeting up with Law in
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Mahoney, returned to the Buildings and saw no one on the stairs. At the same time, the patrolling beat officer, PC Thomas Barrett, questioned a
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wrote in his memoirs, that "there can be no doubt that the August Bank Holiday murder ... was the handiwork of the Ripper" (
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on 31 August, though before she died, Smith had told the police that a gang had attacked her. The later killings of
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Ripper victims whom historians have broadly acknowledged, she is considered the next most likely candidate.
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referred to "George-yard, Whitechapel-road, where the first murder was committed" (quoted in Begg, p. 56).
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Contemporary newspaper reports published at the beginning of September linked Tabram's murder to those of
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This location is now named Gunthorpe Street. Residential flats stand on the site of George Yard Buildings
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of H Division Whitechapel, was in charge of the investigation. He arranged for PC Barrett to visit the
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of overpowering and cutting the throats of his victims. Other researchers, however, such as
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Connelly was not wholly cooperative with police and hid with a cousin for a while near
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George Yard. The body of Martha Tabram was discovered at this location on 7 August 1888
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In 1998 an Australian researcher, Ted Linn, produced his findings in a booklet called
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said the second murder occurred on 31 August (quoted in Evans and Skinner, p. 632).
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between 1888 and 1891. She may have been the first victim of the unidentified
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Multiple stab wounds to the body, including vital organs such as the heart
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1038:, p. 97, quoted in Begg, p. 56). In his memoirs, Assistant Commissioner
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Tabram's murder occurred in the early hours of 7 August. 6 August was a
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Contemporary illustration of the discovery of the body of Martha Tabram
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Her name is sometimes misspelt in the press as "Martha Tabran" (e.g.
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64:
1169:
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook: An Illustrated Encyclopedia
984:
Evans and Rumbelow, p. 54; Evans and Skinner, pp. 15–17; Fido, p. 18
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sketch of the discovery of the body of Martha Tabram in George Yard
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213:; 10 May 1849 – 7 August 1888) was an English woman killed in a
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at the Tower, Connelly was taken to another identity parade at
325:. Pearly Poll and her client went to the parallel Angel Alley.
786:"DocumentsOnline | Poor Law Union and Workhouse records"
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at about 4:30 a.m., whereupon they had another drink in
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Sir Melville Macnaghten was only actively involved in the
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Evans and Rumbelow, p. 54; Evans and Skinner, pp. 11, 17
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Evans and Rumbelow, p. 54; Evans and Skinner, pp. 13–14
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Evans and Rumbelow, p. 53; Fido, p. 16; Marriott, p. 11
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she was forced to trade sex for money on the streets.
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Robert Hefner, "Victim's husband 'the real Ripper'",
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1186:The Crimes, Death and Detection of Jack the Ripper
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1265:The Whitechapel Murder Victims: Martha Tabram at
1217:Jack the Ripper: The 21st Century Investigation
279:when he heard she was living with another man.
275:a week, then reduced this to two shillings and
1157:. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
497:, do view Tabram as a probable Ripper victim.
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993:Evans and Skinner, pp. 15–18; Marriott, p. 12
495:Jack the Ripper: One Hundred Years of Mystery
8:
1155:Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard Investigates
1139:. New York City: Barnes & Noble Books.
838:"Locality of the Whitechapel Women-Murders"
462:eviscerated. This view was advanced by Sir
1294:
1280:
1272:
1203:The Murders of the Black Museum: 1870-1970
1167:Evans, Stewart P.; Skinner, Keith (2000).
889:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 51–52; Fido, p. 17
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20:
1245:pertaining to the murder of Martha Tabram
1256:detailing the victims of Jack the Ripper
340:
176:
1123:Jack the Ripper: The Definitive History
664:
624:
554:
487:The Complete History of Jack the Ripper
287:'s casual ward at Thomas Street on the
1105:Hefner, "Cracking the Ripper's code",
954:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 55; Fido, p. 18
543:Unsolved murders in the United Kingdom
512:Ripper before he had chosen his later
7:
37:Mortuary photograph of Martha Tabram
466:, Assistant Chief Constable of the
1654:1888 murders in the United Kingdom
1171:. London: Constable and Robinson.
538:List of serial killers before 1900
14:
826:Jack and the Thames Torso Murders
521:The Case of the Redhanded Copycat
471:Criminal Investigation Department
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1020:In an interview reported in the
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247:Tabram was born Martha White in
1573:Whitechapel Vigilance Committee
673:"Inquest: Martha Tabram: Day 1"
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1:
1188:. Vermont: Trafalgar Square.
1125:. London: Pearson Education.
1002:Evans and Rumbelow, pp. 54–55
200:Elisabeth White (née Dowsett)
1664:Deaths by stabbing in London
1205:, London: Bloomsbury Books,
880:Evans and Skinner, pp. 16–17
752:Evans and Skinner, pp. 18–19
734:. casebook.org. 2 April 2004
721:Evans and Skinner, pp. 9, 18
675:. casebook.org. 2 April 2004
1026:, 24 March 1903, Inspector
468:Metropolitan Police Service
372:The local inspector of the
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1694:Women of the Victorian era
1659:19th-century English women
1137:Jack the Ripper: The Facts
1011:Evans and Skinner, pp. 4–7
916:The Huddersfield Chronicle
710:Jack the Ripper: The Facts
1689:People murdered in London
1606:
1261:Casebook: Jack the Ripper
1215:Marriott, Trevor (2005).
966:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 52
901:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 51
806:Evans and Rumbelow, p. 53
732:"Casebook: Martha Tabram"
374:Metropolitan Police Force
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16:Whitechapel murder victim
1511:Goulston Street graffito
1439:Thomas Horrocks Openshaw
975:Evans and Skinner, p. 15
912:"The Whitechapel Murder"
815:Evans and Skinner, p. 11
445:on 8 September, of both
235:Although not one of the
215:spate of violent murders
103:George Yard, Whitechapel
1679:Jack the Ripper victims
1644:1880s murders in London
1444:George Bagster Phillips
788:. The National Archives
766:. www.workhouses.org.uk
453:on 30 September and of
347:Illustrated Police News
319:Whitechapel High Street
1669:English murder victims
1593:Jack the Ripper Museum
1537:Flower and Dean Street
1470:Charles Allen Lechmere
1219:. London: John Blake.
1109:, 15 March 1998, p. 19
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1684:People from Southwark
1674:Female murder victims
1096:, 15 March 1998, p. 1
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1496:Saucy Jacky postcard
1417:Doctors and coroners
762:Peter Higginbotham.
435:Emma Elizabeth Smith
400:Kingston-upon-Thames
198:Charles Samuel White
1598:Whitechapel murders
1578:Conspiracy theories
1408:Adolphus Williamson
1383:Melville Macnaghten
1353:Frederick Abberline
1267:whitechapeljack.com
1251:The Daily Telegraph
1149:Evans, Stewart P.;
1135:Begg, Paul (2004).
1121:Begg, Paul (2003).
1028:Frederick Abberline
502:Whitechapel murders
464:Melville Macnaghten
419:Wellington Barracks
154:Whitechapel murders
119: /
92:Cause of death
1434:Roderick Macdonald
1424:Wynne Edwin Baxter
1199:Honeycombe, Gordon
844:. 11 November 1888
489:, and Sean Day in
413:, rather than the
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217:in and around the
123:51.5128°N 0.0855°W
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1484:Letters and clues
1460:George Hutchinson
1322:Catherine Eddowes
1310:Canonical victims
1236:12 November 1888
1211:978-0-863-79040-9
1194:978-0-297-79136-2
1145:978-0-760-77121-1
1023:Pall Mall Gazette
451:Catherine Eddowes
411:Coldstream Guards
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1332:Mary Ann Nichols
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443:Annie Chapman
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368:Investigation
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301:6 August 1888
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227:serial killer
224:
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208:
207:Martha Tabram
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76:7 August 1888
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34:
29:
25:Martha Tabram
22:
19:
1615:
1547:Mitre Square
1249:
1243:news article
1239:Evening Star
1237:
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1202:
1185:
1182:Fido, Martin
1168:
1154:
1136:
1122:
1116:Bibliography
1107:Sunday Times
1106:
1101:
1093:Sunday Times
1091:
1086:
1077:
1072:Cook, p. 218
1068:
1063:Fido, p. 152
1059:
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941:
932:
920:. Retrieved
915:
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846:. Retrieved
841:
832:
825:
824:Gray, Drew.
820:
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790:. Retrieved
780:
768:. Retrieved
757:
748:
736:. Retrieved
726:
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694:
689:
679:24 September
677:. Retrieved
667:
651:bank holiday
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371:
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323:Toynbee Hall
315:public house
312:
281:
269:
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246:
234:
221:district of
210:
206:
205:
165:Henry Tabram
78:(1888-08-07)
47:Martha White
18:
1649:1888 deaths
1639:1849 births
1568:George Lusk
1429:Thomas Bond
1393:Edmund Reid
1388:Henry Moore
871:Fido, p. 17
378:Edmund Reid
223:East London
219:Whitechapel
126: /
84:Whitechapel
57:10 May 1849
1633:Categories
1527:Buck's Row
1373:Walter Dew
1032:Walter Dew
922:22 October
660:References
407:Drury Lane
391:the Strand
243:Early life
143:Prostitute
139:Occupation
111:51°30′46″N
53:1849-05-10
1552:Ten Bells
1520:Locations
1453:Witnesses
792:10 August
770:10 August
696:The Times
564:Biography
533:Cold case
357:grenadier
285:workhouse
273:shillings
265:Newington
249:Southwark
195:Parent(s)
114:0°05′08″W
67:, England
61:Southwark
1617:Category
1588:Suspects
1254:article
1201:(1982).
1184:(1987).
1153:(2006).
527:See also
277:sixpence
259:Marriage
187:Children
1583:Fiction
1561:Related
712:, p. 34
576:England
550:Portals
387:Brixton
181:
169:
1346:Police
1223:
1209:
1192:
1175:
1161:
1143:
1129:
848:4 June
738:9 June
708:Begg,
600:London
337:Murder
289:census
175:
160:Spouse
65:London
1248:2009
619:Notes
211:White
209:(née
179:)
171:(
167:
1221:ISBN
1207:ISBN
1190:ISBN
1173:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1141:ISBN
1127:ISBN
924:2021
850:2023
794:2010
772:2010
740:2023
681:2020
449:and
177:1869
73:Died
43:Born
588:Law
493:'s
485:in
1635::
1047:^
959:^
914:.
894:^
840:.
516:.
402:.
376:,
232:.
173:m.
63:,
1295:e
1288:t
1281:v
926:.
852:.
796:.
774:.
742:.
683:.
552::
190:2
55:)
51:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
