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of abode of a person with at least one parent was a Hong Kong resident, as the
Provisional Legislative Council passed ordinances restricting the right. The Basic Law interpretation sparked outcry from various sectors. Martin Lee accused the government of "giving away" Hong Kong's autonomy and condemned this move as "a dagger striking at the heart of the rule of law" and in symbolic protest walked out of the Legislative Council with 18 other members, all dressed in black, while 600 lawyers dressed in black held a silent protest against the interpretation.
1838:
2722:
before then, there was no mention of such a policy under Qing dynasty rule. Therefore, Lee said that the right for male villagers to build homes without paying land fees are based on
British policies and were never part of the indigenous traditions that the Basic Law protects under Article 40, which does not specifically mention small houses and only says "The lawful traditional rights and interests of the indigenous inhabitants of the 'New Territories' shall be protected by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region."
2750:. Following protocol, the police statement did not disclose the names of the accused. He was freed the same day on bail. After, Martin Lee said that he was arrested for the first time in his life but has no regrets and is proud of his democratic work: "Over the months and years, I've felt bad to see so many outstanding youngsters being arrested and prosecuted, but I was not charged. Now I've finally become a defendant. I feel proud that I have a chance to walk this path of democracy together with them."
1826:
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1814:
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2411:, who had openly voiced out his support in democracy and human rights in China and Hong Kong. However he was dissatisfied with the Clinton administration's unwillingness to take a tough line on the Beijing's policy of Provisional Legislative Council. He met with Clinton again in 1998 during his visit to Hong Kong.
2557:
is opening itself up to the world to "engage" China directly to bring China closer to the international community in terms of its human rights. His article received rounds of criticism from the pro-Beijing media for asking the West to "intervene" China's internal affairs. Some media even claimed that
2388:
in which all seats were elected, the
Democratic Party scored another landslide victory, winning 12 seats of the 20 directly elected seats and 19 seats out of the total 60 seats, almost double than the second party Liberal Party. With other pro-democracy parties and individuals, the pro-democracy camp
2368:
led by Allen Lee who now became
Beijing's allies in the legislature. The United Democrats generally supported the Chris Patten's package and eventually helped it to get passed in the Legislative Council. In response to Patten's proposal, the Beijing government decided to dismantle the "through train"
2523:
in hope of taking four seats out of six seats with the slogan "1+1=4". However the pre-election polls showed that the Eu-Ho ticket had far more support and Lee was in danger of losing, causing the
Democratic Party to request all supporters to vote instead for their ticket. As a result, the Yeung-Lee
2430:
A major concern about Hong Kong's legal and political autonomy was raised in
January 1999 when the government sought to the interpretation of the Basic Law by the National People's Congress Standing Committee after it was defeated in the Court of Final Appeal over the legal challenges over the right
2414:
It was widely speculated that whether Martin Lee would become "Martyr Lee", a nickname given by some in the business community, after 1997 given his high-profile pro-democracy and anti-Beijing stance which was seen as "counter-revolutionary" and "subversive" by
Beijing. Lee said he would never leave
2186:
in 1987 in which the government sought to criminalise the "publishing of false news likely to cause public alarm." Lee worked diligently against the provision, moving the amendment "that any prosecution could only be made upon official proof that a report is false and reckless and that the defendant
2264:
after they were barred from attending any meetings due to their "anti-China stance". He was then barred from entering
Mainland China, with the only exception of a brief visit in Guangdong in 2005 as a Legislative Council member, in which he responded: "As a Chinese citizen, I am not allowed back to
2246:
that "handing over 5.5 million people to China who are deemed counter-revolutionary is like handing over 5.5 million Jews to Nazi
Germany during the Second World War, when they were born in a British territory." He also said that it could not be presumed that "the Joint Declaration is as inviolable
2181:
sparked fears over safety among the Hong Kong public. Lee actively sought for public support through meetings and a signature campaign, which collected over one million signatures. He criticised the government for not disclosing information about the project and attempted to force the government to
2623:
by launching a territory-wide by-election after five pro-democracy
Legislative Councillor resigned from their offices at the same time, while the majority wing of the party led by Szeto Wah openly opposed the plan who criticised Lee for "not quite understanding politics". Lee attended the rally in
2169:
in 1986, which consisted of about 190 organisations who rallied support for direct elections, including the collection of 220,000 signatures (incl. names and identity card numbers). However, the government concluded in the White Paper that direct elections should not be introduced in 1988 based on
1960:
In 1990, he became the founding chairman of the first pro-democracy party in Hong Kong, the United Democrats of Hong Kong, and later its successor, the Democratic Party. Under his leadership, the party won two landslide victories in the direct elections of 1991 and 1995, and emerged as one of the
2721:
In his arguments, Lee said that Qing dynasty laws did not forbid females or outsiders to buy land in the New Territories. Lee mentioned that the policy for villagers to build homes without paying land fees was only implemented after the British began to rule the New Territories in 1898, and that
2344:
in April 1990. Martin Lee was elected the party's founding chairman. Under Lee's leadership, the United Democrats won a landslide victory in the election, pocketing 12 of the 18 directly elected seats, out of the total number of 60 seats in the Legislative Council. Martin Lee himself was elected
2532:, by a slim margin of 815 votes. When the results were announced in the morning of the following day, Martin Lee said in tears before cameras "I'd rather lose with dignity than win like this", on the "unexpected" defeat of Cyd Ho. It also caused disaffection from the pro-democracy supporters.
1975:
He resigned as the chairman of the Democratic Party in December 2002, and in 2008 he retired as a member of the Legislative Council. Prior to July 2020 he remained active in advocating and lobbying for the democratic cause both locally and internationally. This ended with the passage of the
2304:
magazine named Lee one of Twenty Great Asians "who have changed the region over the past two decades." In September 1995, ABC TV named Martin Lee its "Person of the Week" for leading Hong Kong's pro-democracy forces to electoral success. Lee was also awarded by a number of international
2499:
eventually drew more than 500,000 people on 1 July 2003 and the government announced to shelve the bill indefinitely knowing that it could not get enough votes in the legislature. In March 2004 when Martin Lee went to Washington to testify on Hong Kong's democracy development at a
2123:. Lee and Szeto became the two lone dissidents in the heavily Beijing-influenced Drafting Committee. Lee's father warned him that the Chinese Communists liked to use people and then get rid of them. Lee said he told his father that "I know the chances of implementing this policy '
2624:
support of the five resigned Legislative Councillors. Meanwhile, the Democratic Party began to negotiate with the Beijing authorities and reached an agreement with the government. After the agreement, Lee expressed his disappointment and his consideration of quitting the party.
2427:. Despite winning the most votes, the party seats decreased to 13, as their advantage was undermined by the proportional representation system installed by the Beijing-controlled Provisional Legislative Council. He went on getting re-elected for two more terms in 2000 and 2004.
2283:
In response to the worsening crisis of confidence in Hong Kong, he joined hands with many politicians from different spectrum to advocating the granting of the right of abode in Britain to Hong Kong people as a "safety exit". He also called for the rapid introduction of the
2463:
platform which caused a fierce debate within the party and resulted in great disunity that led to the exodus of the "Young Turks" from the party and created a bad image in front of the public. Martin Lee's decision to support former Bar Association chairman and barrister
1972:, attracting strong criticism from the Beijing government. In June 1997, he was forced to step down from his office when the colonial legislature was dissolved, alongside a number of other legislators; they later won back their seats in the Legislative Council in 1998.
2237:
in May of which he was the vice-chairman, organising multiple rallies in support of the students in Hong Kong which attracted hundreds of thousands of attendees. After the military crackdown, Lee led the Hong Kong demonstration against the Beijing authorities. He told
2607:
Martin Lee remained active in commenting politics and his legal practise after his retirement from the Legislative Council, especially taking cases of defending the pro-democracy activists who were charged for obstructing public order among other offences.
2760:
On 12 April 2024 Martin Lee (then aged 86) received from the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal a suspended sentence following conviction for taking part in an unauthorised procession in August 2019. The appeal generated considerable adverse publicity for
2690:
hearing, speaking out that they were "concerned that neither of the two signatories to the Joint Declaration β that is, China and Britain β is adequately fulfilling their respective responsibilities on the terms of this internationally binding treaty."
2446:
Martin Lee's Democratic Party chairmanship was also embattled with the intra-party factional struggles, in which he failed to resolve the ideological differences between the party members. The radical "Young Turks" faction launched a coup d'Γ©tat in the
1948:
from 1980 to 1983. In 1985 he was elected to the Legislative Council, where he advocated strongly for the protection of human rights and democratic reform. He became involved in discussions over Hong Kong's handover to China, and in 1985 he joined the
2745:
On 18 April 2020, Martin Lee was arrested as one of 15 Hong Kong high-profile democracy figures, on suspicion of organizing, publicizing or taking part in several unauthorized assemblies between August and October 2019 in the course of the
2725:
Finally, Lee also argued that the policy is based on a person's descent and sex (women are excluded), which is "unconstitutional" as it was against Basic Law Article 25, which states "All Hong Kong residents shall be equal before the law."
3983:
2083:
Lee began his involvement in politics when the British and Chinese governments began their negotiations over Hong Kong's sovereignty in the early 1980s. Lee was in the delegation consisting of Hong Kong's young professionals led by
2494:
bashed Lee for "bad mouthing" the Special Administrative Region in front of the international audience for six years. Lee replied by saying that they were merely bad-mouthing a law that would be "thoroughly bad for Hong Kong". The
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and a fully democratically elected Legislative Council before 1997. He also began to lobby the United States to develop a specific policy on Hong Kong's democracy development. However he opposed the US idea of withdrawing
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2900:
2504:, the Beijing officials took rounds to attack Lee for inviting foreign power meddling in Hong Kong's internal affairs. Lee was called "traitor" upon his return to Hong Kong by pro-Beijing media and supporters.
2627:
2757:(θ‘ι
ζ) convicted Martin Lee of "holding an unauthorised assembly". On 16 April, Lee received a sentence of 11 months in jail, suspended for 24 months, for his part in the 2019 unauthorised assemblies.
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in Beijing in May 1983. The delegation sought to maintain the status quo in Hong Kong and extend British rule by an additional 15 to 30 years. Their requests were turned down by Beijing officials.
2265:
my own country even though I'm welcome in every country in the world." The strained relationship between Lee and the Communist Party also led to the constant attacks from the pro-Beijing media.
2099:
Lee was concerned about the maintenance of judicial independence under Chinese rule and called for the preservation of Hong Kong's legal system. He also suggested the creation of an independent
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which largely expanded the electorates of the nine newly created functional constituencies. The package was strongly opposed by the Beijing government and alienated the pro-government
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2564:, traitor of the Han people. On 27 October, the Democratic Party issued an announcement to newspapers setting out the party's position regarding the article Lee published. Chairman
2376:
In preparation for the 1995 three-tier elections, the pro-democracy camp further consolidated themselves by merging the United Democrats and another moderate pro-democracy party
2273:
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in 1991, the liberals gathered themselves on the basis of the Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government to form a first major political party in Hong Kong, the
2571:
After being a member of the Legislative Council for 23 years, Lee announced on 27 March 2008 that he would not seek re-election when his term ended in September of that year.
2529:
2170:
public opinion. Lee condemned the government for mishandling the consultative exercise, accusing them of backing down on direct elections in the face of Beijing's pressure.
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1992:
Lieutenant General Lee Yin-wo, Lee was born in Hong Kong on 8 June 1938, his mother having journeyed to the British colony on a vacation. His father fought against the
2214:
In the Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee, Lee also actively lobbied for a democratic post-1997 political system with Szeto Wah. He and the liberals proposed the "
2400:
on 1 July 1997, Lee travelled to Europe, Australia and the United States to express his concerns to officials, politicians and business leaders. He met in April with
2261:
2233:
May and June 1989, Martin Lee was an outspoken supporter of the student movement for more democracy and freedom in China. He, Szeto Wah and other liberals formed the
4064:
1933:
from 1985 to 1997 and from 1998 to 2008. Nicknamed the "Father of Democracy" in Hong Kong, he is recognised as one of the most prominent advocates for democracy and
5214:
3722:
3551:
1953:
to assist in the drafting of Hong Kong's Basic Law, the city's mini-constitution post-handover. He was, however, expelled from the body in 1989 in the wake of the
2247:
as the Bible. Britain and China should restart talks to reach a better agreement for Hong Kong than the declaration decided in 1984." He also testified before the
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2016:, for nine years, and then taught part time at the Institute of Chinese Studies. His father maintained a good relationship with the Communist leadership, notably
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2218:" proposal which demanded a directly elected government set up as soon as possible. Their view was countered bya number of conservatives in the Drafting and
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from October to December 2014, he was among the pro-democracy activists staging a final sit-in and arrested, putting an end to a 75-day street occupation.
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and spoke out against Beijing increasing control over Hong Kong and their fear of only candidates picked by Beijing would be allowed to take part in the
2219:
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2737:, an organization that supports the small house policy, said that villagers "firmly believe" that the small house policy is protected under Article 40.
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2023:, who repeatedly invited him back to the Mainland. Lee Yin-wo's funeral in 1989 was attended by people from both sides of the political spectrum.
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from the moderate faction and eventually ousted Cheung from the vice-chairman post. The factional struggles intensified the "Young Turk" leader
2134:
when the Hong Kong government decided to introduce a handful of indirectly elected seats. His surprise victory over another prominent barrister
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disclose information under the Legislative Council Power and Privilege Ordinance. He again rallied public support against the amendment of the
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1950:
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which they feared would undermine the Hong Kong people's civil liberties. Martin Lee traveled to the West to rally for international support.
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constituency, receiving the most votes in the election. After the election, the United Democrats became the largest party in the legislature.
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Lee asked United States to boycott the games. That immediately stirred backlash from Beijing loyalists, who virtually accused Lee of being a
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1977:
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Jensen, Lionel M. & Weston, Timothy B. (2006). China's Transformations: The Stories Beyond the Headlines. Rowman & Littlefield;
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knew that the facts are false or failed to prove the validity of the facts out of rash" but failed. The case was submitted before the
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2718:, a policy which Lee said discriminates against the majority of people in Hong Kong by discriminating based on descent and gender.
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commanded about half of the seats in the legislature in the last two years of the colonial rule. On 30 June 1997 the eve of the
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1957:, due to his condemnation of the Beijing government's role in the incident and his vocal support for the student protestors.
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https://www.reuters.com/world/china/hong-kong-court-dismisses-bid-by-media-tycoon-jimmy-lai-overturn-conviction-2024-08-12/
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unopposed. He became the most recognisable and consistent voice pressing for rapid democratic reform. In the debate on the
5135:
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3714:
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2695:, Chinese ambassador to Britain, described Martin Lee and Anson Chan as "bent on undermining the stability of Hong Kong".
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also received criticism within the party. In 2002, Martin Lee decided to step down as party chairman and was succeeded by
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Martin Lee has increasingly been seen as the spokesman for Hong Kong democracy on the international stage. In June 1995,
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2001:
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42:. In accordance with Hong Kong custom, the Western-style name is Martin Lee and the Chinese-style name is Lee Chu-ming.
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3321:
Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1992). "Daily Report: People's Republic of China - Issues 105-115". p. 44.
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2127:' and Hong Kong people ruling Hong Kong are not great. But then I know if I don't even try, the chances are zero."
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2393:, the pro-democrats were forced to step down from the Legislative Council as the "through train" was dissolved.
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2149:, elected by all the lawyers in Hong Kong, catapulted him to the political stage. He retained his seat in the
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Chan, Ming K., The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration With China (1997), Hong Kong University Press;
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agreement, which allowed the 1995 elected legislature to transition beyond 1997, and replace it with the
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Committee on human rights and aired support to imposing economic sanctions against for the massacre.
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after 1997. In December 1984, he was invited as one of the attendees at the signing ceremony of the
4007:"Hong Kong 'Father of Democracy' Martin Lee handed suspended jail sentence over peaceful 2019 demo"
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criticising Beijing for not living up to its promise to improve its human rights status during the
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in 1997, and the "Schuman Medal" in 2000 which Lee was the first non-European to receive from the
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2809:. Lee's wife is Amelia Lee Fong Yee-ngor (ζΉηΆΊε¨₯). They have one son, Joseph Lee, also a barrister.
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2157:, Lee was at the forefront of a campaign to introduce direct elections in the 1988 election with
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which went into effect on 1 July 2020. He stopped granting interviews to media organisations.
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2893:"'I won't allow this to be the end of Hong Kong': campaigner on his long fight for democracy"
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In July 1989, he and Szeto Wah were labelled as "counter-revolutionaries" by the state-owned
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Hong Kong and stressed that he was not anti-China but only opposed the regime in Beijing.
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2111:. In 1985, he was among the 23 Hong Kong representatives invited by Beijing to sit on the
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Martin Lee and the Democratic Party was elected back to the Legislative Council in the
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3776:"Hong Kong's main democracy protest camp falls with leading protest figures arrested"
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2050:. He was called to the bar and began practising law in Hong Kong in 1966. During the
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The Hong Kong Reader: Passage to Chinese Sovereignty: Passage to Chinese Sovereignty
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Hong Kong Under Chinese Rule: The Economic and Political Implications of Reversion
2675:. In July 2014, Martin Lee and Anson Chan visited the United Kingdom and met with
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reiterated, "It is not an apology, but a clear declaration of what we stand for."
2524:
ticket drew too many votes from the Eu-Ho ticket, causing the defeat of Cyd Ho by
2260:. The duo's membership in the Drafting Committee was subsequently stripped by the
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In October 2007, Lee published an article named "China's Olympic Opportunity" in
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In 2009, he was marginalised by his party when he held different stance on the "
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3431:"Democratic Party Chairman Martin Lee Sits Down With US President Bill Clinton"
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for the support in the Hong Kong's democracy movement during the debate on the
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3817:"Small-house policy not traditional right of villagers, landmark hearing told"
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universal suffrage of the Chief Executive and the Legislative Council in 2012
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organisations, including the "1995 International Human Rights Award" by the
2293:" status from Beijing. Martin Lee's efforts resulted in the adoption of the
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2038:. After graduating in 1960, Lee taught for three years before training as a
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Democracy, Asian Values, and Hong Kong: Evaluating Political Elite Beliefs
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at court, thus laying the foundations of his future relationship with the
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4055:"The Rise and Fall of Martin Lee and His Dream of a Democratic Hong Kong"
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962:
952:
917:
856:
826:
756:
721:
488:
219:
5072:
Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China
3976:"Guilty verdict for Hong Kong 'defenders' spells end of local democracy"
2235:
Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China
2155:
1988 Green Paper on the Further Development of Representative Government
1961:
largest political parties in Hong Kong. He worked closely with the last
4894:
4824:
3914:"15 Hong Kong pro-democracy figures arrested in latest police round up"
2560:
2352:
In response to the election, the British government decided to appoint
2047:
2013:
1482:
897:
806:
776:
726:
33:
2940:
Wilson, Dick (1990). "Hong Kong! Hong Kong!". Unwin Hyman. p. 26.
2384:
in 1994 in which Martin Lee was elected the founding chairman. In the
3336:
Same Bed, Different Dreams: Managing U.S.- China Relations, 1989-2000
2520:
1798:
846:
796:
791:
3575:
China Turns to Multilateralism: Foreign Policy and Regional Security
3498:
Problematic Sovereignty: Contested Rules and Political Possibilities
4415:
3689:"Hong Kong's Martin Lee to step down from territory's legislature"
2626:
2578:
2554:
2515:, the Democratic Party's Yeung Sum and Martin Lee and independentβ
2479:
In 2002 and 2003, Martin Lee and the Democratic Party opposed the
2433:
2267:
821:
771:
313:
4043:
The Times Leader 13 August 2024 under the title βPoor Judgment.β
5040:
4920:
4721:
4459:
4419:
3850:"Full Text of the Constitution and the Basic Law - chapter (3)"
3086:
Hong Kong's Journey to Reunification: Memoirs of Sze-yuen Chung
3881:"Amid Pandemic, Hong Kong Arrests Major Pro-Democracy Figures"
2239:
2191:
in November 1988 and was eventually repealed in January 1989.
385:
1944:
A barrister by profession, Lee served as the chairman of the
3357:
Hong Kong's Tortuous Democratization: A Comparative Analysis
2373:
in which Lee deemed "an illegal and unconstitutional body".
5121:
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood
3746:"Britain Urged to Live Up to Responsibilities in Hong Kong"
3386:"Martin Lee: On the Approaching Rule of China in Hong Kong"
2115:
to draft the mini-constitution of post-1997 Hong Kong, the
3544:"We will bad-mouth Article 23 but not HK, says Martin Lee"
3191:
Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong
3176:
Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong
5126:
Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government
2167:
Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government
1970:
constitutional reform in relation to democratic elections
507:
493:
479:
3604:
Lam, Wai-man; Lui, Percy Luen-tim; Wong, Wilson (2012).
2279:
in 2009 to discuss the status of democracy in Hong Kong.
2714:
and Hendrick Lui Chi-hang in an attempt to repeal the
2034:, sponsored by his mentor, the renowned barrister Dr.
458:
3464:
Dealing with the Dragon: A Year in the New Hong Kong
2639:
Martin Lee actively lobbied in the West with former
2459:
proposed to put the minimum wage legislation on the
2194:
From 1988 to 1991, he was appointed chairman of the
5098:
5051:
5012:
4931:
4732:
4658:
4612:
4516:
4470:
3515:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 222.
3226:Heston, Alan W.; Skidmore, Max J.; Weiner, Neil A.
2777:Lee stopped his public activism as a result of the
2655:in 2014. The duo went to the United States and met
2530:
Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong
2511:, the pro-democracy camp filled two tickets in the
2173:He also campaigned against the construction of the
2000:. In 1949, the family moved to Hong Kong after the
501:
487:
473:
466:
452:
445:
440:
422:
408:
399:
381:
365:
357:
349:
337:
319:
309:
287:
282:
266:
254:
235:
225:
213:
201:
180:
168:
156:
135:
123:
111:
92:
47:
3461:
3333:
2953:New Trends of Political Participation in Hong Kong
2030:and read English Literature and Philosophy at the
1913:; born 8 June 1938) is a Hong Kong politician and
4123:"Hektisk nomineringsaktivitet fΓΈr fredsprisfrist"
3946:"I'm proud to finally be a defendant: Martin Lee"
2631:Martin Lee being arrested on the last day of the
2338:first direct elections of the Legislative Council
2210:Tiananmen Square protests and democracy movements
3642:Lee fires bullet at Beijing, asks Bush to meddle
2066:. From 1980 to 1983, he was the chairman of the
2927:Daily Report: China, Issues 20-26; Issues 28-29
2165:constituency. He and other liberals formed the
5290:Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee members
3606:Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics
3276:Chan, Ming K.; Postiglione, Gerard A. (2016).
2925:Foreign Broadcast Information Service (1989).
2451:by challenging the vice-chairman post held by
4431:
3632:, 17 October 2007; retrieved 26 October 2007.
3048:
3046:
2862:"Hong Kong's "Father of Democracy" to Retire"
2793:by multiple Norwegian members of parliament.
2262:National People's Congress Standing Committee
1874:
428:
414:
8:
4087:"Flere fredsprisforslag fΓΈr fristen gikk ut"
2834:List of graduates of University of Hong Kong
4163:Expert addresses Hong Kong political system
3879:Yu, Elaine; Ramzy, Austin (18 April 2020).
2995:
2993:
2955:. City University of HK Press. p. 286.
2669:Congressional-Executive Commission on China
81:Congressional-Executive Commission on China
5048:
5037:
4928:
4917:
4729:
4718:
4467:
4456:
4438:
4424:
4416:
4182:
4005:Chau, Candice; Ho, Kelly (16 April 2021).
3608:. Hong Kong University Press. p. 170.
3491:
3489:
3419:. Cambridge University Press. p. 228.
3340:. University of California Press. p.
3193:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 280.
3178:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 292.
2553:but to instead take the opportunity while
2513:Hong Kong Island geographical constituency
2497:protest against the Article 23 legislation
2119:, where he met another outspoken democrat
1881:
1867:
1342:Yuen Long Tin Shui Wai Democratic Alliance
1122:Hong Kong and Kowloon Trades Union Council
527:
437:
73:
44:
5250:United Democrats of Hong Kong politicians
3500:. Columbia University Press. p. 133.
3133:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 35.
2769:) for his participation in the decision.
2619:to press the government to implement the
2317:in 1996, the "Democracy Award" by the US
2198:. He also served as legal adviser to the
2130:In September 1985, Martin Lee ran in the
1370:Team Chu Hoi-dick of New Territories West
1076:Neighbourhood and Worker's Service Centre
250:2 October 1994 β 2 December 2002
197:30 October 1985 β 25 August 1991
5240:Democratic Party (Hong Kong) politicians
3116:Elections and Democracy in Greater China
2468:over his Democratic Party member in the
107:1 July 1998 β 30 September 2008
5066:Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats
3310:. Oxford University Press. p. 196.
3114:Diamond, Larry; Myers, Ramon H (2001).
2850:
2545:. Lee urged the West, particularly the
2105:Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
1294:Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions
539:
19:For other people named Martin Lee, see
16:Politician and barrister from Hong Kong
5215:Hong Kong politicians of Hakka descent
5079:Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union
4178:Biography on liberal-international.org
3308:Hong Kong and British Culture, 1945-97
3241:
3239:
3237:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3200:
3017:
3007:
2920:
2918:
2856:
2854:
2481:proposed national security legislation
2113:Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
1984:Early life, education and legal career
1951:Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee
1314:Revolutionary Communist Party of China
509:
396:
152:9 October 1991 β 30 June 1997
5195:Alumni of the University of Hong Kong
4067:from the original on 16 November 2020
3844:
3842:
3811:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3089:. Chinese University Press. pp.
3064:from the original on 27 November 2007
3002:The New Yorker, Volume 69, Issues 1-6
2700:massive pro-democracy Occupy protests
2502:US Senate Foreign Relations Committee
2333:with the Brennan Human Rights Award.
2329:. In November 2004 he was awarded by
2189:United Nations Human Rights Committee
2161:, who won a seat in 1985 through the
1917:. He is the founding chairman of the
1843:People's Republic of China portal
7:
4135:from the original on 31 January 2021
4103:from the original on 1 February 2021
3827:from the original on 22 January 2021
3786:from the original on 26 October 2017
3756:from the original on 22 October 2017
3725:from the original on 22 October 2017
3554:from the original on 22 October 2017
3441:from the original on 24 October 2007
3396:from the original on 4 December 2015
3257:from the original on 22 October 2017
3155:from the original on 22 October 2017
2978:from the original on 22 October 2017
2226:" backed by big-business interests.
2056:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions
1299:Hong Kong Socialist Democratic Party
1288:Hong Kong Chinese Reform Association
1234:Labor Party of the Republic of China
3415:Cohen, Warren I.; Zhao, Li (1997).
2222:who rallied under the name of the "
1929:party. He was also a member of the
642:2011 Chinese pro-democracy protests
3926:from the original on 22 April 2020
3893:from the original on 18 April 2020
3695:from the original on 28 March 2008
3665:"Democrat bid to curb Lee fallout"
2872:from the original on 10 March 2016
2710:In December 2018, Lee represented
2641:Chief Secretary for Administration
2295:United StatesβHong Kong Policy Act
2286:Hong Kong Bill of Rights Ordinance
2206:and numerous professional bodies.
14:
5210:Hong Kong people of Hakka descent
3986:from the original on 2 April 2021
2805:and a close friend with Cardinal
2509:2004 Legislative Council election
2470:2000 Hong Kong Island by-election
2461:2000 Legislative Council election
2440:2004 Legislative Council election
2386:1995 Legislative Council election
2200:Hong Kong Journalists Association
2094:Legislative Councils of Hong Kong
5155:
4220:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
4053:Lyons, John (15 November 2020).
3372:Country Report: Hong Kong, Macau
3251:National Endowment for Democracy
2903:from the original on 24 May 2020
2753:On 1 April 2021, district judge
2688:Foreign Affairs Select Committee
2319:National Endowment for Democracy
1978:Hong Kong National Security Law
1931:Legislative Council of Hong Kong
1848:
1836:
1824:
1812:
1656:Criticism of neoauthoritarianism
1396:(groups of pro-Chinese identity)
1264:Democratic Self-Government Party
1194:(groups of pro-Chinese identity)
1173:New Democratic Macau Association
632:1970s Hong Kong student protests
4293:Provisional Legislative Council
3956:from the original on 2 May 2020
3215:. Pace Publishing. p. 175.
2779:Hong Kong National Security Law
2371:Provisional Legislative Council
2054:, Lee defended the pro-Beijing
1955:1989 Tiananmen square crackdown
1523:Hong Kong Democratic Foundation
1375:Tsz Wan Shan Constructive Power
1150:Proletariat Political Institute
657:2022 COVID-19 protests in China
508:
494:
480:
4306:Member of Legislative Council
4266:Member of Legislative Council
4232:Member of Legislative Council
4158:1992 U.S.βHong Kong Policy Act
3912:Wong, Rachel (18 April 2020).
3513:A Concise History of Hong Kong
3468:. Arcade Publishing. pp.
2613:Five Constituencies Referendum
2585:Five Constituencies Referendum
2519:joint ticket of Audrey Eu and
2485:Hong Kong Basic Law Article 23
2204:Scout Association of Hong Kong
2142:in a three-way contest in the
2109:Sino-British Joint Declaration
1968:in an attempt to push forward
1794:Republic of China independence
1729:Three Principles of the People
637:1989 Tiananmen Square protests
459:
429:
415:
1:
5205:Hong Kong democracy activists
5136:United Democrats of Hong Kong
4378:United Democrats of Hong Kong
3211:PA Professional Consultants.
2673:2017 Chief Executive election
2362:constitutional reform package
2360:. Chris Patten announced the
2342:United Democrats of Hong Kong
2132:Legislative Council elections
1919:United Democrats of Hong Kong
1430:Union of Chinese Nationalists
1205:Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
5013:LegCo pre-election primaries
3678:. Retrieved 26 October 2007.
3655:; retrieved 26 October 2007.
3496:Krasner, Stephen D. (2013).
2951:Cheng, Joseph Y. S. (2014).
2175:Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant
1831:Republic of China portal
1425:New Democracy Party of China
1355:Democratic Progressive Party
1319:Revolutionary Marxist League
652:2019β2020 Hong Kong protests
5245:20th-century King's Counsel
3744:Wong, Alan (17 July 2014).
3619:China's Olympic Opportunity
3295:. Chinese University Press.
3291:Cheng, Joseph Y.S. (1990).
3118:. OUP Oxford. p. 1985.
2002:Communist takeover of China
1503:Alliance for True Democracy
1385:Victoria Social Association
1155:Tsuen Wan Community Network
64:
21:Martin Lee (disambiguation)
5311:
5285:HK LegCo Members 2004β2008
5280:HK LegCo Members 2000β2004
5275:HK LegCo Members 1998β2000
5270:HK LegCo Members 1995β1997
5265:HK LegCo Members 1991β1995
5260:HK LegCo Members 1988β1991
5255:HK LegCo Members 1985β1988
5225:Politicians from Guangzhou
4347:Hong Kong Consumer Council
3332:Lampton, David M. (2001).
3293:The Other Hong Kong Report
2789:Lee was nominated for the
2748:2019β20 Hong Kong protests
2653:2017/2020 electoral reform
2617:League of Social Democrats
2615:" proposed by the radical
2597:League of Social Democrats
2196:Hong Kong Consumer Council
1392:Republic of China (Taiwan)
1380:Tuen Mun Community Network
1190:Republic of China (Taiwan)
1071:League of Social Democrats
559:Civil and political rights
27:
18:
5295:Hong Kong Queen's Counsel
5220:Hong Kong Roman Catholics
5152:
5116:Hong Kong Affairs Society
5047:
5036:
4927:
4916:
4728:
4717:
4466:
4455:
4404:
4394:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4353:
4343:
4335:
4330:
4320:
4304:
4299:
4264:
4256:
4246:
4230:
4225:
4218:
4208:
4202:Hong Kong Bar Association
4198:
4190:
4185:
3577:. Routledge. p. 261.
3511:Carroll, John M. (2007).
3247:"Martin CM Lee Biography"
2891:Yu, Verna (24 May 2020).
2819:Human rights in Hong Kong
2765:(former President of the
2663:, minority leader of the
2583:Martin Lee attended the "
2575:After Legislative Council
2407:and later with President
2068:Hong Kong Bar Association
2004:. Lee's father taught at
1946:Hong Kong Bar Association
1935:human rights in Hong Kong
1910:
1478:Localist camp (Hong Kong)
1283:Hong Kong Affairs Society
1248:Hong Kong (pro-democracy)
1035:Hong Kong (pro-democracy)
522:
436:
404:
391:
278:
243:
190:
145:
100:
88:
72:
63:
5230:Hong Kong Senior Counsel
5060:Civil Human Rights Front
4365:Party political offices
3821:South China Morning Post
3548:South China Morning Post
3460:Fenby, Jonathan (2000).
3083:Chung, Sze Yuen (2001).
2966:θ‘ζ±θ±ͺ (7 September 2014).
2665:House of Representatives
2449:2000 leadership election
2307:American Bar Association
2125:One Country, Two Systems
2028:Wah Yan College, Kowloon
1683:Local ethnic nationalism
1533:Reform Club of Hong Kong
1508:Civil Human Rights Front
1420:Democracy Party of China
689:Hundred Flowers Campaign
672:Hong Kong 1 July marches
531:This article is part of
410:Traditional Chinese
353:Amelia Lee Fong Yee-ngor
4060:The Wall Street Journal
3630:The Wall Street Journal
3228:The Future of Hong Kong
3000:The New Yorker (1993).
2829:Liberalism in Hong Kong
2633:2014 Hong Kong protests
2538:The Wall Street Journal
2336:In preparation for the
2274:US Speaker of the House
2220:Consultative Committees
2147:functional constituency
2062:. In 1979, he was made
2060:Chinese Communist Party
2032:University of Hong Kong
1925:, Hong Kong's flagship
1921:and its successor, the
1775:Progressivism in Taiwan
1753:Critics of Confucianism
1678:Liberalism in Hong Kong
1337:123 Democratic Alliance
1229:Democratic Party (1912)
1223:China Democratic League
684:Chinese economic reform
647:2014 Hong Kong protests
579:Equality before the law
424:Simplified Chinese
372:University of Hong Kong
3306:Hampton, Mark (2015).
2791:2021 Nobel Peace Prize
2679:and the leader of the
2636:
2604:
2443:
2438:Martin Lee during the
2419:Lee under Chinese rule
2323:European Peoples Party
2280:
2249:United States Congress
2184:Public Order Ordinance
2117:Basic Law of Hong Kong
2026:Martin Lee studied at
1200:Chinese People's Party
1135:Deliberation Tsuen Wan
5085:Liberal International
4273:Hong Kong Island East
4097:Norwegian News Agency
3624:9 August 2017 at the
3573:Wu, Guoguang (2007).
2839:Politics of Hong Kong
2824:Liberal International
2773:National Security Law
2677:Deputy Prime Minister
2667:, and members of the
2659:, US vice-president,
2630:
2582:
2549:, not to boycott the
2437:
2405:Madeleine K. Albright
2402:US Secretary of State
2398:handover of Hong Kong
2391:handover of Hong Kong
2347:Hong Kong Island East
2315:Liberal International
2271:
2177:in 1986 in which the
2101:Court of Final Appeal
1819:Liberalism portal
1780:Taiwanese nationalism
1770:Human rights in China
1747:Conservatism in China
1700:Localism in Hong Kong
1651:Anti-authoritarianism
1402:China Democracy Party
1183:New Macau Association
344:Liberal International
185:Hong Kong Island East
83:meeting in April 2014
4932:Leadership elections
4733:Former LegCo members
4168:3 March 2016 at the
4012:Hong Kong Free Press
3919:Hong Kong Free Press
3782:. 11 December 2014.
3435:Martin Lee's website
3129:Beatty, Bob (2003).
3058:Martin Lee's website
3035:許η₯ι . "ζζ±ιβθ’«θͺ€θ§£ηζεθ
".
2755:Amanda Jane Woodcock
2731:Kenneth Lau Ip-keung
2483:on the basis of the
2291:most favoured nation
2052:1967 Hong Kong riots
1855:Hong Kong portal
1562:Hong Kong Free Press
1462:Pro-Kuomintang camp
1349:Hong Kong (localist)
1129:Hong Kong (localist)
1098:Hong Kong (centrist)
1086:Professional Commons
699:New Culture Movement
584:Freedom of the press
261:Position established
5200:People from Huizhou
4371:New political party
4311:Representative for
4271:Representative for
4237:Representative for
4131:. 31 January 2021.
4099:. 31 January 2021.
3854:www.basiclaw.gov.hk
3823:. 3 December 2018.
3670:22 May 2011 at the
3647:22 May 2011 at the
3355:Sing, Ming (2004).
3213:Read Their Lips (I)
3189:Scott, Ian (1989).
3174:Scott, Ian (1989).
2528:of the pro-Beijing
2425:1998 first election
2356:to become the last
2079:Entry into politics
1894:Martin Lee Chu-ming
1447:Pro-democracy camp
1331:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
1309:Power for Democracy
1145:Land Justice League
1116:Hong Kong (pro-ROC)
694:May Fourth Movement
627:Democracy movements
599:Popular sovereignty
589:Freedom of religion
543:Liberalism in China
400:Martin Lee Chu-ming
95:Legislative Council
5090:Pro-democracy camp
4922:Internal elections
4331:Political offices
4173:The Daily Cardinal
3886:The New York Times
3750:The New York Times
2716:Small House Policy
2706:Small House Policy
2637:
2605:
2551:2008 Olympic games
2543:Summer Olympic bid
2444:
2396:On the eve of the
2358:Hong Kong Governor
2327:European Democrats
2281:
2231:Tiananmen protests
2179:Chernobyl disaster
2088:, a member of the
1963:Hong Kong Governor
1758:Democracy in China
1633:Related ideologies
1606:Free China Journal
1217:Historical parties
1056:Community Alliance
1046:April Fifth Action
79:Martin Lee at the
5235:Alumni of Wah Yan
5172:
5171:
5148:
5147:
5144:
5143:
5052:Affiliated groups
5032:
5031:
5028:
5027:
4912:
4911:
4908:
4907:
4713:
4712:
4709:
4708:
4517:Vice-Chairpersons
4414:
4413:
4405:Succeeded by
4354:Succeeded by
4321:Succeeded by
4278:1991β1997
4247:Succeeded by
4209:Succeeded by
3952:. 18 April 2020.
3479:978-1-55970-559-2
3390:Los Angeles Times
3370:The Unit (1996).
2868:. 21 April 2008.
2801:Lee is a devoted
2681:Liberal Democrats
2311:Prize For Freedom
2244:Jonathan Dimbleby
1891:
1890:
1705:Autonomy Movement
1538:Tiananmen Mothers
1104:Path of Democracy
594:Freedom of speech
526:
525:
518:
517:
475:Yale Romanization
447:Standard Mandarin
395:
394:
304:British Hong Kong
175:Council abolished
5302:
5165:
5164:Hong Kong Portal
5160:
5159:
5049:
5038:
4929:
4918:
4765:Cheung Man-kwong
4730:
4719:
4468:
4457:
4449:
4448:Democratic Party
4440:
4433:
4426:
4417:
4398:Democratic Party
4388:Democratic Party
4336:Preceded by
4313:Hong Kong Island
4257:Preceded by
4227:New constituency
4191:Preceded by
4183:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4119:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4050:
4044:
4041:
4035:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3982:. 1 April 2021.
3972:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3942:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3876:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3856:. Archived from
3846:
3837:
3836:
3834:
3832:
3813:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3730:
3721:. 21 June 2010.
3715:"εζοΌε°ζ°ι¦ζΈ―ε€εΉ΄ηζΏζΉι£ζ³’"
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3685:
3679:
3662:
3656:
3639:
3633:
3616:
3610:
3609:
3601:
3595:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3540:
3534:
3523:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3502:
3501:
3493:
3484:
3483:
3467:
3457:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3446:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3382:
3376:
3375:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3243:
3232:
3231:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3032:
3026:
3025:
3019:
3015:
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3005:
2997:
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2957:
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2942:
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2930:
2922:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2888:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2858:
2767:UK Supreme Court
2382:Democratic Party
2151:1988 re-election
2103:in place of the
2074:Political career
1980:on 1 July 2020.
1923:Democratic Party
1912:
1904:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1853:
1852:
1851:
1841:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1816:
1569:Yanhuang Chunqiu
1324:United Democrats
1279:
1242:
1091:Socialist Action
1061:Democratic Party
574:Environmentalism
569:Economic freedom
544:
528:
514:
513:
512:
497:
496:
483:
482:
481:Léih Chyúh-mìhng
462:
461:
438:
432:
431:
418:
417:
397:
386:MartinLee.org.hk
330:Democratic Party
324:United Democrats
301:
297:
295:
283:Personal details
269:
257:
248:
238:Democratic Party
236:Chairman of the
216:
208:New constituency
204:
195:
171:
159:
150:
140:Hong Kong Island
126:
114:
105:
77:
67:
45:
5310:
5309:
5305:
5304:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5154:
5140:
5094:
5043:
5024:
5008:
4923:
4904:
4855:Tsang Kin-shing
4724:
4723:Representatives
4705:
4681:Cheung Yin-tung
4654:
4645:Cheung Yin-tung
4635:Cheung Yin-tung
4625:Cheung Yin-tung
4608:
4512:
4462:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4410:
4401:
4381:
4360:
4350:
4341:
4326:
4317:
4308:
4291:
4279:
4277:
4268:
4262:
4252:
4243:
4234:
4214:
4205:
4196:
4170:Wayback Machine
4154:
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4138:
4136:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4106:
4104:
4085:
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4052:
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4047:
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4031:
4027:
4017:
4015:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3987:
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3969:
3959:
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3944:
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3939:
3929:
3927:
3911:
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3896:
3894:
3878:
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3873:
3863:
3861:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3815:
3814:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3726:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3672:Wayback Machine
3663:
3659:
3649:Wayback Machine
3640:
3636:
3626:Wayback Machine
3617:
3613:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3586:
3582:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3550:. 30 May 2003.
3542:
3541:
3537:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3505:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3444:
3442:
3437:. 3 July 1998.
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3384:
3383:
3379:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3354:
3353:
3349:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3245:
3244:
3235:
3230:. p. 1096.
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3209:
3198:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3173:
3172:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3113:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3082:
3081:
3077:
3067:
3065:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3016:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2906:
2904:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2847:
2815:
2799:
2787:
2775:
2743:
2708:
2686:and attended a
2577:
2489:Chief Executive
2421:
2331:Rutgers College
2212:
2081:
2076:
2064:Queen's Counsel
2006:Wah Yan College
1994:Empire of Japan
1986:
1896:
1887:
1849:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1811:
1804:
1803:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1634:
1626:
1625:
1599:Endeavor Weekly
1574:
1551:
1543:
1542:
1498:
1490:
1489:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1415:
1407:
1406:
1394:
1389:
1346:
1328:
1274:
1245:
1236:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1192:
1187:
1164:
1126:
1113:
1095:
1031:
1023:
1022:
1003:Zhang (Weiying)
998:Zhang (Qianfan)
993:Zhang (Dongsun)
712:
704:
703:
679:1911 Revolution
622:
614:
613:
554:
542:
374:
339:
338:Other political
332:
328:
326:
320:Political party
302:
299:
293:
291:
267:
255:
249:
244:
214:
202:
196:
191:
169:
157:
151:
146:
124:
112:
106:
101:
84:
68:
65:
59:
50:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5308:
5306:
5298:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5170:
5169:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5063:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5042:Related groups
5041:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5022:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4890:Lam Cheuk-ting
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4845:Anthony Cheung
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4810:Man Sai-cheong
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4736:
4734:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4710:
4707:
4706:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4686:Tsui Hon-kwong
4683:
4678:
4676:Tsui Hon-kwong
4673:
4671:Wong Bing-kuen
4668:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4594:Lam Cheuk-ting
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4554:Chan King-ming
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4524:Anthony Cheung
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4460:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4435:
4428:
4420:
4412:
4411:
4406:
4403:
4392:
4391:
4383:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4342:
4337:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4319:
4303:
4301:New parliament
4297:
4296:
4287:
4283:Man Sai-cheong
4263:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4245:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4186:Legal offices
4181:
4180:
4175:
4160:
4153:
4152:External links
4150:
4147:
4146:
4114:
4078:
4045:
4036:
4025:
3997:
3967:
3937:
3904:
3871:
3838:
3797:
3767:
3736:
3706:
3680:
3657:
3634:
3611:
3596:
3580:
3565:
3535:
3518:
3503:
3485:
3478:
3452:
3422:
3407:
3392:. 4 May 1997.
3377:
3362:
3347:
3324:
3313:
3298:
3283:
3268:
3233:
3218:
3196:
3181:
3166:
3145:"The Democrat"
3136:
3121:
3106:
3099:
3075:
3042:
3027:
2989:
2958:
2943:
2932:
2914:
2883:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2814:
2811:
2803:Roman Catholic
2798:
2795:
2786:
2783:
2774:
2771:
2763:Lord Neuberger
2742:
2739:
2712:Kwok Cheuk-kin
2707:
2704:
2645:Hong Kong 2020
2576:
2573:
2453:Anthony Cheung
2420:
2417:
2257:People's Daily
2211:
2208:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
1985:
1982:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1878:
1871:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1821:
1806:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1772:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1741:Related topics
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Anti-communism
1660:
1659:
1658:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1573:
1572:
1565:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1471:mainland China
1468:
1460:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1414:Banned parties
1413:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1254:Citizens Party
1244:
1243:
1231:
1226:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1202:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1163:
1162:
1160:Youngspiration
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1032:
1030:Extant parties
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:Wang (Ruoshui)
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
732:Chang (Carsun)
729:
724:
719:
713:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
675:
674:
669:
667:Democracy Wall
664:
662:Beijing Spring
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
623:
620:
619:
616:
615:
612:
611:
609:Social justice
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
555:
552:
551:
548:
547:
537:
536:
524:
523:
520:
519:
516:
515:
505:
499:
498:
491:
485:
484:
477:
471:
470:
468:Yue: Cantonese
464:
463:
456:
450:
449:
443:
442:
441:Transcriptions
434:
433:
426:
420:
419:
412:
406:
405:
402:
401:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
379:
378:
369:
363:
362:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
341:
335:
334:
333:(1994βpresent)
321:
317:
316:
311:
307:
306:
289:
285:
284:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
264:
263:
258:
252:
251:
241:
240:
233:
232:
227:
223:
222:
217:
211:
210:
205:
199:
198:
188:
187:
182:
178:
177:
172:
166:
165:
160:
154:
153:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
98:
97:
93:Member of the
90:
89:
86:
85:
78:
70:
69:
61:
60:
51:
48:
30:Hong Kong name
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5307:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5190:Living people
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5167:
5166:
5158:
5151:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5131:Meeting Point
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5046:
5039:
5035:
5021:
5018:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5005:
5002:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4926:
4919:
4915:
4901:
4900:Kwong Chun-yu
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4865:Wong Sing-chi
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Law Chi-kwong
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4800:Lau Chin-shek
4798:
4796:
4795:Huang Chen-ya
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4775:Sin Chung-kai
4773:
4771:
4770:Fung Chi-wood
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4720:
4716:
4702:
4701:Sin Chung-kai
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Li Wing-shing
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4620:Law Chi-kwong
4618:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:Li Wing-shing
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Sin Chung-kai
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Law Chi-kwong
4537:
4535:
4534:Lau Chin-shek
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
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4260:Chan Ying-lun
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3860:on 9 May 2020
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3593:0-7425-3863-X
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3374:. p. 15.
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3100:9789629960209
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3004:. p. 96.
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2797:Personal life
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2735:Heung Yee Kuk
2732:
2729:In response,
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2587:" rally with
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2547:United States
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2378:Meeting Point
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2366:Liberal Party
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2044:Lincoln's Inn
2041:
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2029:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1947:
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1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1927:pro-democracy
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1717:Progressivism
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1613:Next Magazine
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1497:Organisations
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1365:Neo Democrats
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1304:Meeting Point
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1001:
999:
996:
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991:
989:
986:
984:
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979:
976:
974:
973:Xu (Zhangrun)
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
948:Wu (Jinglian)
946:
944:
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936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
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919:
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901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:Liu (Junning)
866:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
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823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
737:Chang (P. C.)
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
714:
708:
707:
700:
697:
695:
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486:
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457:
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435:
427:
425:
421:
413:
411:
407:
403:
398:
390:
387:
384:
380:
377:
376:Lincoln's Inn
373:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
345:
342:
336:
331:
325:
322:
318:
315:
312:
308:
305:
300:(age 86)
290:
286:
281:
277:
274:
271:
265:
262:
259:
253:
247:
242:
239:
234:
231:
228:
224:
221:
218:
212:
209:
206:
200:
194:
189:
186:
183:
179:
176:
173:
167:
164:
163:Chan Ying-lun
161:
155:
149:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
122:
119:
116:
110:
104:
99:
96:
91:
87:
82:
76:
71:
62:
58:
54:
46:
41:
40:
35:
31:
26:
22:
5161:
5111:Group of 190
5099:Predecessors
5077:
5070:
5058:
4959:2002 (Yeung)
4895:Hui Chi-fung
4840:Andrew Cheng
4835:Zachary Wong
4830:Tik Chi-yuen
4805:Lee Wing-tat
4739:
4604:Lee Wing-tat
4574:Richard Tsoi
4564:Tik Chi-yuen
4544:Lee Wing-tat
4488:Lee Wing-tat
4477:
4471:Chairpersons
4396:Chairman of
4395:
4386:Merged into
4385:
4376:Chairman of
4375:
4370:
4345:Chairman of
4344:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4289:
4285:(1991β1995)
4281:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4236:
4235:
4231:
4226:
4212:Henry Litton
4200:Chairman of
4199:
4194:Henry Litton
4137:. Retrieved
4126:
4117:
4105:. Retrieved
4090:
4081:
4069:. Retrieved
4058:
4048:
4039:
4028:
4016:. Retrieved
4010:
4000:
3988:. Retrieved
3970:
3958:. Retrieved
3949:
3940:
3928:. Retrieved
3917:
3907:
3895:. Retrieved
3884:
3874:
3862:. Retrieved
3858:the original
3853:
3829:. Retrieved
3820:
3788:. Retrieved
3779:
3770:
3758:. Retrieved
3749:
3739:
3727:. Retrieved
3718:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3683:
3676:The Standard
3675:
3660:
3653:The Standard
3652:
3637:
3629:
3614:
3605:
3599:
3583:
3574:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3547:
3538:
3521:
3512:
3506:
3497:
3463:
3455:
3443:. Retrieved
3434:
3425:
3416:
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3389:
3380:
3371:
3365:
3359:. Routledge.
3356:
3350:
3335:
3327:
3316:
3307:
3301:
3292:
3286:
3280:. Routledge.
3277:
3271:
3259:. Retrieved
3250:
3227:
3221:
3212:
3190:
3184:
3175:
3169:
3157:. Retrieved
3148:
3139:
3130:
3124:
3115:
3109:
3085:
3078:
3066:. Retrieved
3057:
3054:"Martin Lee"
3036:
3030:
3001:
2980:. Retrieved
2971:
2961:
2952:
2946:
2935:
2926:
2905:. Retrieved
2897:The Guardian
2896:
2886:
2874:. Retrieved
2865:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2759:
2752:
2744:
2741:Short arrest
2728:
2724:
2720:
2709:
2697:
2693:Liu Xiaoming
2661:Nancy Pelosi
2638:
2610:
2606:
2601:Wong Yuk-man
2570:
2559:
2536:
2534:
2506:
2478:
2445:
2429:
2422:
2413:
2409:Bill Clinton
2395:
2375:
2354:Chris Patten
2351:
2345:through the
2335:
2301:
2299:
2282:
2277:Nancy Pelosi
2255:
2253:
2228:
2216:Group of 190
2213:
2193:
2172:
2136:Henry Litton
2129:
2098:
2082:
2025:
1998:World War II
1987:
1974:
1966:Chris Patten
1959:
1943:
1893:
1892:
1785:Independence
1722:Confucianism
1710:Independence
1618:
1611:
1604:
1597:
1589:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1567:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1528:Next Digital
1513:Group of 190
1395:
1391:
1390:
1348:
1347:
1330:
1329:
1276:The Frontier
1269:The Frontier
1247:
1246:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1166:
1165:
1128:
1127:
1115:
1114:
1097:
1096:
1081:People Power
1066:Labour Party
1051:Civic Act-up
1034:
1033:
943:Wu (Chi-wai)
873:Liu (Xiaobo)
852:Li (Shenzhi)
841:
812:Hu (Yaobang)
540:
495:Lei Cyu-ming
454:Hanyu Pinyin
340:affiliations
268:Succeeded by
260:
245:
226:Constituency
215:Succeeded by
207:
192:
181:Constituency
174:
170:Succeeded by
147:
136:Constituency
125:Succeeded by
117:
102:
37:
25:
5185:1938 births
4880:Helena Wong
4870:Kam Nai-wai
4815:Ng Ming-yum
4760:Albert Chan
4666:Andrew Fung
4650:Shum Wan-wa
4613:Secretaries
4599:Edith Leung
4358:Edward Chen
4339:Selina Chow
4290:Replaced by
4092:Aftenposten
4071:16 November
3018:|work=
2785:Recognition
2589:Civic Party
2526:Choy So-yuk
2229:During the
2224:Group of 89
2140:Edmund Chow
2138:and lawyer
1620:Sharp Daily
1591:China Times
1584:Apple Daily
1259:Civic Party
1237: [
933:Wang (Yang)
787:Ho (Albert)
604:Rule of law
564:Due process
327:(1990β1994)
310:Nationality
298:8 June 1938
256:Preceded by
203:Preceded by
158:Preceded by
113:Preceded by
5179:Categories
4984:2012 (Lau)
4964:2004 (Lee)
4939:1994 (Lee)
4885:Andrew Wan
4875:Wu Chi-wai
4790:Michael Ho
4750:Conrad Lam
4740:Martin Lee
4696:Ramon Yuen
4691:Stanley Ng
4659:Treasurers
4584:Andrew Wan
4579:Lo Kin-hei
4508:Lo Kin-hei
4503:Wu Chi-wai
4478:Martin Lee
4461:Leadership
4402:1994β2002
4382:1990β1994
4356:Professor
4351:1988β1991
4324:Tanya Chan
4318:1998β2008
4244:1985β1991
4206:1980β1983
4139:1 February
4128:Dagsavisen
4107:1 February
3864:3 February
3831:3 February
3790:26 October
3760:21 October
3729:21 October
3558:22 October
3445:21 October
3400:21 October
3261:21 October
3159:21 October
3068:4 December
2982:22 October
2876:21 October
2845:References
2807:Joseph Zen
2684:Nick Clegg
2649:Anson Chan
2036:Patrick Yu
2021:Zhou Enlai
2012:school in
1990:Kuomintang
1749:(opposing)
1693:Indigenism
1668:Federalism
1109:Third Side
968:Xu (Youyu)
963:Xu (Jilin)
953:Wu (K. C.)
903:Qin (1953)
898:Qin (1091)
857:Li (Yinhe)
553:Principles
460:LΗ ZhΓΉmΓng
367:Alma mater
294:1938-06-08
130:Tanya Chan
49:Martin Lee
5004:2020 (Lo)
4994:2016 (Wu)
4969:2006 (Ho)
4820:Yeung Sum
4785:Albert Ho
4755:Emily Lau
4745:Szeto Wah
4569:Emily Lau
4549:Albert Ho
4529:Yeung Sum
4498:Emily Lau
4493:Albert Ho
4483:Yeung Sum
4408:Yeung Sum
3020:ignored (
3010:cite book
2657:Joe Biden
2647:convenor
2599:chairman
2593:Audrey Eu
2566:Albert Ho
2474:Yeung Sum
2466:Audrey Eu
2457:Andrew To
2442:campaign.
2380:into the
2297:in 1992.
2272:Lee with
2159:Szeto Wah
2121:Szeto Wah
2090:Executive
2086:Allen Lee
2040:barrister
1988:A son of
1915:barrister
1763:Hong Kong
1688:Hong Kong
1644:Hong Kong
1639:Anarchism
1466:Hong Kong
1451:Hong Kong
1442:Alliances
1360:Demosisto
1018:Zimmerman
807:Hu (Shih)
777:Gu (Zhun)
273:Yeung Sum
246:In office
193:In office
148:In office
103:In office
5106:Frontier
4860:John Tse
4780:James To
4630:Peggy Ha
4250:Simon Ip
4166:Archived
4133:Archived
4101:Archived
4065:Archived
4018:16 April
3984:Archived
3954:Archived
3930:18 April
3924:Archived
3897:18 April
3891:Archived
3825:Archived
3784:Archived
3754:Archived
3723:Archived
3699:28 March
3693:Archived
3668:Archived
3645:Archived
3622:Archived
3552:Archived
3439:Archived
3394:Archived
3255:Archived
3153:Archived
3149:Asiaweek
3062:Archived
2976:Archived
2901:Archived
2870:Archived
2813:See also
2517:Frontier
2302:Asiaweek
2163:Teaching
2092:and the
1673:Feminism
1518:HKASPDMC
1178:New Hope
1140:HK First
847:Li (Rui)
797:Ho (Kai)
792:Ho (Cyd)
533:a series
489:Jyutping
358:Children
220:Simon Ip
118:New seat
28:In this
4825:Fred Li
3990:3 April
2968:"ε±±δΈζζ±ι"
2733:of the
2698:In the
2591:leader
2561:hanjian
2507:In the
2313:by the
2048:England
2018:Premier
2014:Kowloon
1996:during
1907:Chinese
1594:(early)
1555:Current
1483:ALLinHK
1290:(early)
1225:(early)
864:(early)
772:Gu (Su)
621:History
382:Website
314:Chinese
34:surname
4280:With:
3960:24 May
3591:
3529:
3476:
3097:
2907:24 May
2521:Cyd Ho
2309:, the
2202:, the
2010:Jesuit
1909::
1799:Taoism
1577:Former
1278:(2010)
1271:(1996)
742:Chiang
711:People
350:Spouse
32:, the
4239:Legal
3091:65β74
3037:FTδΈζηΆ²
2555:China
2144:Legal
1939:China
1550:Media
1456:Macau
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1167:Macau
983:Yeung
958:Xiang
862:Liang
822:Laozi
230:Legal
5020:2016
4999:2018
4989:2014
4979:2010
4974:2008
4954:2000
4949:1998
4944:1996
4141:2021
4109:2021
4073:2020
4020:2021
3992:2021
3962:2020
3950:RTHK
3932:2020
3899:2020
3866:2021
3833:2021
3792:2017
3780:Time
3762:2017
3731:2017
3701:2008
3589:ISBN
3560:2017
3527:ISBN
3474:ISBN
3470:74β5
3447:2017
3402:2017
3263:2017
3161:2017
3095:ISBN
3070:2007
3022:help
2984:2017
2972:θζζ₯ε ±
2909:2020
2878:2017
2866:TIME
2643:and
2595:and
2325:and
2008:, a
1937:and
1041:ADPL
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978:Yang
923:Wong
762:Fang
747:Chow
288:Born
3980:RFI
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2242:'s
2240:BBC
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1911:ζζ±ι
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988:Yen
938:Wen
913:Tao
908:Sun
893:Mok
883:Mao
878:Luo
842:Lee
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827:Lei
817:Lai
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767:Fei
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