559:. Evans became its assistant editor in 1851 after joining just a year earlier. Evans's writings for the paper were comments on her views of society and the Victorian way of thinking. She was sympathetic to the lower classes and criticised organised religion throughout her articles and reviews and commented on contemporary ideas of the time. Much of this was drawn from her own experiences and knowledge and she used this to critique other ideas and organisations. This led to her writing being viewed as authentic and wise but not too obviously opinionated. Evans also focused on the business side of the Review with attempts to change its layout and design. Although Chapman was officially the editor, it was Evans who did most of the work of producing the journal, contributing many essays and reviews beginning with the January 1852 issue and continuing until the end of her employment at the
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easily pronounced word". Although female authors were published under their own names during her lifetime, she wanted to escape the stereotype of women's writing being limited to lighthearted romances or other lighter fare not to be taken very seriously. She also wanted to have her fiction judged separately from her already extensive and widely known work as a translator, editor, and critic. Another factor in her use of a pen name may have been a desire to shield her private life from public scrutiny, thus avoiding the scandal that would have arisen because of her relationship with Lewes, who was married.
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795:(1869) she judged the second chapter excoriating the laws which oppress married women "excellent." She was supportive of Mill's parliamentary run, but believed that the electorate was unlikely to vote for a philosopher and was surprised when he won. While Mill served in parliament, she expressed her agreement with his efforts on behalf of female suffrage, being "inclined to hope for much good from the serious presentation of women's claims before Parliament." In a letter to
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1177:, in which Eliot’s protagonist displayed a "surprisingly modern readiness to interpret religious language in humanist or secular ethical terms." Though Eliot herself was not religious, she had respect for religious tradition and its ability to maintain a sense of social order and morality. The religious elements in her fiction also owe much to her upbringing, with the experiences of Maggie Tulliver from
437:), and her themes are often influenced by Greek tragedy". Her frequent visits to the estate also allowed her to contrast the wealth in which the local landowner lived with the lives of the often much poorer people on the estate, and different lives lived in parallel would reappear in many of her works. The other important early influence in her life was religion. She was brought up within a
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527:. As Evans began to question her own religious faith, her father threatened to throw her out of the house, but his threat was not carried out. Instead, she respectfully attended church and continued to keep house for him until his death in 1849, when she was 30. Five days after her father's funeral, she travelled to Switzerland with the Brays. She decided to stay on in
1205:, Eliot's sales were falling off, and she had faded from public view to some degree. This was not helped by the posthumous biography written by her husband, which portrayed a wonderful, almost saintly, woman totally at odds with the scandalous life people knew she had led. In the 20th century she was championed by a new breed of critics, most notably by
716:(1859). It was an instant success, and prompted yet more intense curiosity as to the author's identity: there was even a pretender to the authorship, one Joseph Liggins. This public interest subsequently led to Mary Anne Evans Lewes's acknowledgment that it was she who stood behind the pseudonym George Eliot.
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She spelled her name differently at different times. Mary Anne was the spelling used by her father for the baptismal record and she uses this spelling in her earliest letters. Within her family, however, it was spelled Mary Ann. By 1852, she had changed to Marian, but she reverted to Mary Ann in 1880
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George Eliot was considered by contemporaries to be a physically unattractive woman; she herself knew this and made jokes about her appearance in letters to friends. Yet somehow the force of her personality overcame her ugliness. This was noted by numerous acquaintances. Of his first meeting with her
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The trip to
Germany also served as a honeymoon for Evans and Lewes, who subsequently considered themselves married. Evans began to refer to Lewes as her husband and to sign her name as Mary Ann Evans Lewes, legally changing her name to Mary Ann Evans Lewes after his death. The refusal to conceal the
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as his conjugal partner, from 1854–1878, and called him her husband. He remained married to his wife and supported their children, even after she left him to live with another man and have children with him. In May 1880, eighteen months after Lewes's death, George Eliot married her long-time friend,
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The revelations about Eliot's private life surprised and shocked many of her admiring readers, but this did not affect her popularity as a novelist. Her relationship with Lewes afforded her the encouragement and stability she needed to write fiction, but it would be some time before the couple were
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After age sixteen, Evans had little formal education. Thanks to her father's important role on the estate, she was allowed access to the library of Arbury Hall, which greatly aided her self-education and breadth of learning. Her classical education left its mark; Christopher Stray has observed that
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The young Evans was a voracious reader and obviously intelligent. Because she was not considered physically beautiful, Evans was not thought to have much chance of marriage, and this, coupled with her intelligence, led her father to invest in an education not often afforded to women. From ages five
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alone, living first on the lake at
Plongeon (near the present-day United Nations buildings) and then on the second floor of a house owned by her friends François and Juliet d'Albert Durade on the rue de Chanoines (now the rue de la Pelisserie). She commented happily that "one feels in a downy nest
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of novels that were being written in Europe at the time, an emphasis on realistic storytelling confirmed in her own subsequent fiction. She also adopted a nom-de-plume, George Eliot; as she explained to her biographer J. W. Cross, George was Lewes's forename, and Eliot was "a good mouth-filling,
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Pearson, 1788–1836), daughter of a local mill-owner. Her full siblings were: Christiana, known as
Chrissey (1814–1859), Isaac (1816–1890), and twin brothers who died a few days after birth in March 1821. She also had a half-brother, Robert Evans (1802–1864), and half-sister, Frances "Fanny" Evans
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was a real shame, because it could have provided some illuminating cues for understanding the more mature works of the writer. She had taken particular notice of
Feuerbach's conception of Christianity, positing that our understanding of the nature of the divine was to be found ultimately in the
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On 16 May 1880, eighteen months after Lewes' death, Eliot married John Walter Cross (1840–1924) and again changed her name, this time to Mary Ann Cross. While the marriage courted some controversy due to the 21 year age differences, it pleased her brother Isaac that she was married in this
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had become rich as a ribbon manufacturer and had used his wealth in the building of schools and in other philanthropic causes. Evans, who had been struggling with religious doubts for some time, became intimate friends with the radical, free-thinking Brays, who had a casual view of marital
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sharing many similarities with the young Mary Ann Evans. Eliot also faced a quandary similar to that of Silas Marner, whose alienation from the church simultaneously meant his alienation from society. Because Eliot retained a vestigial respect for religion, German philosopher
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professor Lisa
Surridge, Carlyle "stimulated Eliot's interest in German thought, encouraged her turn from Christian orthodoxy, and shaped her ideas on work, duty, sympathy, and the evolution of the self." These themes made their way into Evans's first complete novel,
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high up in a good old tree". Her stay is commemorated by a plaque on the building. While residing there, she read avidly and took long walks in the beautiful Swiss countryside, which was a great inspiration to her. François Durade painted her portrait there as well.
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was voted the tenth greatest literary work ever written. In 2015, writers from outside the UK voted it first among all
British novels "by a landslide". The various film and television adaptations of Eliot's books have re-introduced her to the wider reading public.
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In 1836, her mother died and Evans (then 16) returned home to act as housekeeper, though she continued to correspond with her tutor Maria Lewis. When she was 21, her brother Isaac married and took over the family home, so Evans and her father moved to
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Eliot, George (4 April 1851). "Marian Evans". Letter to John
Chapman. The George Eliot Letters, Ed. Gordon S. Haight, Vol. I, New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press (RE: First known instance of George Eliot signing her name as ′Marian Evans′).
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799:, she declared her support for plans "which held out reasonable promise of tending to establish as far as possible an equivalence of advantage for the two sexes, as to education and the possibilities of free development", and dismissed
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While the biographical consensus is that Lewes and Eliot had a perfect partnership, this view has been somewhat modified by
Beverley Park Rilett, who argued in 2013 and 2017 that Lewes's protective love may have amounted to coercive
831:, dedicating the manuscript: "To my beloved husband, George Henry Lewes, I give this MS. of my third book, written in the sixth year of our life together, at Holly Lodge, South Field, Wandsworth, and finished 21 March 1860."
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The
Strauss book had caused a sensation in Germany by arguing that the miracles in the New Testament were mythical additions with little basis in fact. Evans's translation had a similar effect in England, with
1738:, 24 January 2010, p. 4: "They've produced the greatest writer in the English language ever, George Eliot, and arguably the third greatest, Jane Austen, and certainly the greatest novel, Middlemarch..."
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872:, for publication, and found solace and companionship with longtime friend and financial adviser John Walter Cross, a Scottish commission agent 20 years her junior, whose mother had recently died.
956:... To begin with she is magnificently ugly — deliciously hideous. She has a low forehead, a dull grey eye, a vast pendulous nose, a huge mouth, full of uneven teeth & a chin & jawbone
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On her return to
England the following year (1850), she moved to London with the intent of becoming a writer, and she began referring to herself as Marian Evans. She stayed at the house of
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the belief that there was much value and beauty to be found in the mundane details of ordinary country life. Eliot did not, however, confine herself to stories of the English countryside.
630:, which she completed in 1856, but which was not published in her lifetime because the prospective publisher refused to pay the requested £75. In 1981, Eliot's translation of Spinoza's
960:... Now in this vast ugliness resides a most powerful beauty which, in a very few minutes steals forth & charms the mind, so that you end as I ended, in falling in love with her.
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excoriated her system of morality for figuring sin as a debt that can be expiated through suffering, which he demeaned as characteristic of "little moralistic females à la Eliot."
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Readers in the Victorian era praised her novels for their depictions of rural society. Much of the material for her prose was drawn from her own experience. She shared with
670:, "Silly Novels by Lady Novelists" (1856). The essay criticised the trivial and ridiculous plots of contemporary fiction written by women. In other essays, she praised the
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obligations and the Brays' "Rosehill" home was a haven for people who held and debated radical views. The people whom the young woman met at the Brays' house included
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1086:; the novel is notable for its deep psychological insight and sophisticated character portraits. The roots of her realist philosophy can be found in her review of
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900:. He survived, and the newlyweds returned to England. They moved to a new house in Chelsea, but Eliot fell ill with a throat infection. This, coupled with the
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relationship. He had broken off relations with her when she had begun to live with Lewes, and now sent congratulations. While the couple were honeymooning in
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2118:"A Dialogue of Forms: The Display of Thinking in George Eliot's 'Poetry and Prose, From the Notebook of an Eccentric' and Impressions of Theophrastus Such"
705:. As early as 1841, she referred to him as "a grand favourite of mine", and references to him abound in her letters from the 1840s and 1850s. According to
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Before George Eliot: Marian Evans and the Periodical Press; Modernizing George Eliot: The Writer as Artist, Intellectual, Proto-Modernist, Cultural Critic
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However, it would not be correct to assume that the female protagonists of her works can be considered "feminist", with the sole exception perhaps of
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1701:"George Eliot (…) is the most earnestly imperative and the most probingly intelligent of the great mid-Victorian novelists". In: Sanders, Andrew
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and Berlin together for the purpose of research. Before going to Germany, Evans continued her theological work with a translation of Feuerbach's
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and that "decayed monarchs" would be pensioned off, although she believed a gradual reformist approach to social problems was best for England.
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Houghton (1805–1882), from her father's previous marriage to Harriet Poynton (1780–1809). In early 1820, the family moved to a house named
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Working as a translator, Eliot was exposed to German texts of religious, social, and moral philosophy such as David Friedrich Strauss's
602:(1817–1878) met Evans in 1851, and by 1854 they had decided to live together. Lewes was already married to Agnes Jervis, although in an
498:, who cast doubt on the literal truth of Biblical texts. In fact, her first major literary work was an English translation of Strauss's
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547:, the radical publisher whom she had met earlier at Rosehill and who had published her Strauss translation. She then joined Chapman's
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417:, from ages nine to thirteen at Mrs. Wallington's school in Nuneaton, and from ages thirteen to sixteen at Miss Franklin's school in
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506:(1846), which she completed after it had been left incomplete by Elizabeth "Rufa" Brabant, another member of the "Rosehill Circle".
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and her friend Herbert Spencer are nearby. In 1980, on the centenary of her death, a memorial stone was established for her in the
433:"George Eliot's novels draw heavily on Greek literature (only one of her books can be printed correctly without the use of a Greek
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915:(East), Highgate, London, in the area reserved for political and religious dissenters and agnostics, beside the love of her life,
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In 1857, when she was 37 years of age, "The Sad Fortunes of the Reverend Amos Barton", the first of the three stories included in
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As a product of their friendship, Bray published some of Evans's own earliest writing, such as reviews, in his newspaper the
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calling her translation "the most pestilential book ever vomited out of the jaws of hell." Later she translated Feuerbach's
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Bidney, Martin (2002). "Philosophy and the Victorian Literary Aesthetic". In Baker, William; Womack, Kenneth (eds.).
694:(published as a 2-volume book in 1858), was well received, and was widely believed to have been written by a country
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McCormick, Kathleen (Summer 1986). "George Eliot's Earliest Prose: The Coventry "Herald" and the Coventry Fiction".
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was finally published by Thomas Deegan, and was determined to be in the public domain in 2018 and published by the
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807:'s feminist lecture on the claims of women for education, occupations, equality in marriage, and child custody.
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with which she had been afflicted for several years, led to her death on 22 December 1880 at the age of 61.
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666:, Evans resolved to become a novelist, and set out a pertinent manifesto in one of her last essays for the
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In 1850–51, Evans attended classes in mathematics at the Ladies College in Bedford Square, later known as
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throughout continental Europe, and even hoped that the Italians would chase the "odious Austrians" out of
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1153:. Elements from these works show up in her fiction, much of which is written with her trademark sense of
1082:, in which she presents the stories of a number of inhabitants of a small English town on the eve of the
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relationship was contrary to the social conventions of the time, and attracted considerable disapproval.
469:. The closeness to Coventry society brought new influences, most notably those of Charles and Cara Bray.
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nature of humanity projected onto a divine figure. An example of this philosophy appeared in her novel
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Thomas J. Joudrey. "The Defects of Perfectionism: Nietzsche, Eliot, and the Irrevocability of Wrong."
1796:"George Eliot Biography – life, childhood, children, name, story, death, history, wife, school, young"
327:, she emerged from provincial England; most of her works are set there. Her works are known for their
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Maria Lewis—to whom her earliest surviving letters are addressed. In the religious atmosphere of the
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accepted into polite society. Acceptance was finally confirmed in 1877 when they were introduced to
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along with his wife and mistress. Chapman had recently purchased the campaigning, left-wing journal
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939:: "The first condition of human goodness is something to love; the second something to reverence".
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Due to her denial of the Christian faith and her relationship with Lewes, Eliot was not buried in
821:, Eliot continued to write popular novels for the next fifteen years. Within a year of completing
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273:, was an English novelist, poet, journalist, translator, and one of the leading writers of the
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Darwin's Plots: Evolutionary Narrative in Darwin, George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Fiction
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The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination
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Several landmarks in her birthplace of Nuneaton are named in her honour. These include the
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2849:. Birmingham Regional Hospital Board Group 20 Hospital Management Committee. 1944–1974.
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606:. In addition to the three children they had together, Agnes also had four children by
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1213:"one of the few English novels written for grown-up people". In 1994, literary critic
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John Cross, a man much younger than she, and she changed her name to Mary Ann Cross.
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Museum and Art Gallery, in Riversley Park, home of collection on writer George Eliot
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Robert Evans (1773–1849), manager of the Arbury Hall estate, and Christiana Evans (
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Rebecca Ruth Gould, "Adam Bede's Dutch Realism and the Novelist's Point of View,"
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Victorian Jesus: J.R. Seeley, Religion, and the Cultural Significance of Anonymity
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in explaining women's lower status. In 1870, she responded enthusiastically to
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2643:. Vol. II (1876–1881). London: Macmillan and Co. 1893. pp. 232–239.
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Middlemarch from Notebook to Novel: A Study of George Eliot's Creative Method
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George Eliot and Nineteenth-Century Science: The Make-Believe of a Beginning
2664:"The role of George Henry Lewes in George Eliot's career: A reconsideration"
2482:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 275–277.
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Das Leben Jesu, kritisch bearbeitet (The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined)
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1146:; also important was her translation from Latin of Jewish-Dutch philosopher
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George Eliot for the Twenty-First Century: Literature, Philosophy, Politics
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3023:"The best British novel of all time: have international critics found it?"
518:(1854). The ideas in these books would have an effect on her own fiction.
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Scandalously and unconventionally for the era, she lived with the married
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BIRMINGHAM REGIONAL HOSPITAL BOARD GROUP 20 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE
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The Secret Library: A Book-Lovers' Journey Through Curiosities of History
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is known for embracing a realist aesthetic inspired by Dutch visual art.
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to nine, she boarded with her sister Chrissey at Miss Latham's school in
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Calder, Simon. "George Eliot, Spinoza, and the Ethics of Literature" in
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George Eliot and Community: A Study in Social Theory and Fictional Form
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Throughout her career, Eliot wrote with a politically astute pen. From
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as "one of the few English novels written for grown-up people" and by
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896:, Cross, in a suicide attempt, jumped from the hotel balcony into the
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3446:, Beth Lord, ed. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2012, 268–187.
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Resting Places: The Burial Sites of More Than 14,000 Famous Persons
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Rosemary Ashton, "Evans, Marian [George Eliot] (1819–1880)"
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George Eliot: A Critical Study of her Life, Writings and Philosophy
638:. It has been re-published in 2020 by Princeton University Press.
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995:(formerly Nuneaton Emergency Hospital), and George Eliot Road, in
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and read all of his major works as they were published. In Mill's
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Surridge, Lisa (2004). "Eliot, George". In Cumming, Mark (ed.).
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were overtly political, and political crisis is at the heart of
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2903:. Very short introductions. New York: Oxford University Press.
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Vol. 66 old series, Vol. 10 new series (October 1856): 442–461.
2321:"The Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza, Translated by George Eliot"
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and had a positive view of the growing movement in support of
3497:, Berkeley, California, University of California Press, 1984.
3403:, London, Arthur Barker, 1954. (The English Novelists series)
2639:"George Eliot (Obituary Notice, Friday, December 24, 1880)".
1676:"George Eliot's Scandalous Answer to 'The Marriage Question'"
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Writers of historical fiction set in the early modern period
335:, sense of place and detailed depiction of the countryside.
999:, Coventry. Also, The Mary Anne Evans Hospice in Nuneaton.
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George Eliot's life as related in her letters and journals
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Before George Eliot: Marian Evans and the Periodical Press
1721:. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1925. pp. 166–176.
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Gatens, Moira. "The Art and Philosophy of George Eliot".
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A Prison of Expectations: The Family in Victorian Culture
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cause, something which historians have attributed to her
684:, and the first work of "George Eliot", was published in
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Das Wesen des Christentums (The Essence of Christianity)
1013:
A statue of Eliot is in Newdegate Street, Nuneaton, and
864:, published in 1876, after which she and Lewes moved to
747:
Blue plaque, Holly Lodge, 31 Wimbledon Park Road, London
3301:, New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press, 1979,
3242:, New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press, 1954,
1943:
Familiar Stranger: An Introduction to Jesus of Nazareth
1753:"Interviews: Julian Barnes, The Art of Fiction No. 165"
970:
after she married John Cross. Her memorial stone reads
2348:
Spinoza, Benedictus de (2020). Carlisle, Clare (ed.).
563:
in the first half of 1854. Eliot sympathized with the
2641:
Eminent Persons: Biographies reprinted from the Times
421:. At Mrs. Wallington's school, she was taught by the
4307:
Writers of historical fiction set in the Middle Ages
3439:, Champaign, Illinois, University of Illinois, 1960.
3058:
The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages.
1123:, an historical novel set in late fifteenth century
261:(22 November 1819 – 22 December 1880; alternatively
3930:
3911:
3868:
3801:
3766:
3690:
3430:
The Quest for Anonymity: The Novels of George Eliot
2982:
The Western Canon: The Books and School of the Ages
2435:, published under the name "Mrs. Inchbald" in 1796.
1421:
Knowing That I Must Shortly Put Off This Tabernacle
245:
218:
156:
146:
138:
130:
122:
107:
86:
60:
41:
3452:The Marriage Question: George Eliot's Double Life
3135:, New York, W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 1995,
2926:The Marriage Question. George Eliot's Double Life
2820:"George Eliot's grave: Highgate Cemetery, London"
2383:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 523.
2803:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
701:Eliot was profoundly influenced by the works of
3385:, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1984,
2266:George Eliot's Feminism: The Right to Rebellion
2242:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–142.
972:
766:sympathies. In 1868, she supported philosopher
351:as the greatest novel in the English language.
3255:The Life of George Eliot: A Critical Biography
2953:. Westport: Greenwood Press. pp. 100–101.
2785:. Archived from the original on 23 August 2009
2592:The Short Oxford History of English Literature
1986:Biblical Theology: Issues, Methods, and Themes
1703:The Short Oxford History of English Literature
1219:the most important Western writers of all time
1168:in 2023, the overdue publication of Spinoza's
1127:, was based on the life of the Italian priest
610:. In July 1854, Lewes and Evans travelled to
3840:
3668:
3460:Dark Smiles: Race and Desire in George Eliot,
3356:, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1963,
3133:George Eliot: Voice of a Century: A Biography
3067:, 3 vols. London: William Blackwood and Sons.
2197:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
662:While continuing to contribute pieces to the
8:
3286:, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983,
2233:
2231:
2229:
2227:
1989:. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. p. 31.
3502:The Novels of George Eliot: A Study in Form
3479:Arnold, Jean, ed., Marz Harper, Lila, ed.,
3469:, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971.
2343:
2341:
2016:. University of Toronto Press. p. 97.
1017:has a display of artifacts related to her.
3847:
3833:
3825:
3675:
3661:
3653:
3483:, Springer International Publishing, 2019.
3107:The Cambridge Introduction to George Eliot
2293:The Cambridge Introduction to George Eliot
2158:Bodenheimer, Rosemarie (2014). "Review of
758:in 1861, Eliot expressed sympathy for the
49:
38:
3369:Oxford Reader's Companion to George Eliot
2753:
2571:
2569:
2562:. Cambridge University Press. p. 59.
2458:
2456:
2454:
4292:Writers about activism and social change
3982:19th-century English short story writers
3316:, New York, Farrar Straus Giroux, 1998,
1653:. London: Hamish Hamilton. p. 255.
1326:The Sad Fortunes of the Rev. Amos Barton
1189:She was at her most autobiographical in
3619:Works by George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans)
2711:
2709:
2668:George Eliot–George Henry Lewes Studies
2546:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
1639:
1614:
3481:George Eliot: Interdisciplinary Essays
3331:, New York, St. Martin's Press, 2010,
3297:Gilbert, Sandra M., and Gubar, Susan,
2852:
2796:
2772:. Continuum. London: 2006, pp. 1–2, 8.
2537:
2535:
1903:The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
785:She was influenced by the writings of
504:The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined
134:Novelist, poet, journalist, translator
4257:British psychological fiction writers
3432:, University of Delaware Press, 1997.
2818:Banerjee, Jacqueline (29 July 2017).
2425:There were a few exceptions, such as
2094:. Continuum. London: 2006, pp. 42–45.
1872:
1870:
849:(1866) and her most acclaimed novel,
536:Move to London and editorship of the
448:was an area with a growing number of
27:English novelist and poet (1819–1880)
7:
3518:, London, Chatto & Windus, 1948.
3511:, London, Chatto & Windus, 1961.
3264:, Cambridge University Press, 2010,
2503:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press
2043:. Michael O'Mara Books. p. 90.
1674:Jacobs, Alexandra (13 August 2023).
1583:"The Natural History of German Life"
1024:constructing the Bromford Tunnel on
582:Relationship with George Henry Lewes
3601:Works by George Eliot in eBook form
3467:George Eliot: The Critical Heritage
2997:"The 10 Greatest Books of All Time"
2985:. p. 226. New York: Harcourt Brace.
2716:Mead, Rebecca (19 September 2013).
1312:Short story collection and novellas
1193:, part of her final published work
698:, or perhaps the wife of a parson.
388:estate. She was the third child of
235:
4297:Writers about religion and science
4037:Alumni of the University of London
4007:19th-century English women writers
3455:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2023.
3349:, New York University Press, 1983.
3101:New York: Oxford University Press.
2951:A Companion to the Victorian Novel
2901:Zionism: a very short introduction
2770:George Eliot: A Critic's Biography
2295:. Cambridge: Cambridge. p. 6.
2092:George Eliot: A Critic's Biography
1923:The Making of the New Spirituality
1102:in 1856. Eliot also express proto-
500:Das Leben Jesu kritisch bearbeitet
25:
4112:British women short story writers
4107:British women non-fiction writers
4032:Alumni of Bedford College, London
4017:19th-century pseudonymous writers
3997:19th-century English philosophers
3371:, Oxford University Press, 2000,
3021:Flood, Alison (8 December 2015).
2995:Grossman, Lev (15 January 2007).
2680:10.5325/georelioghlstud.69.1.0002
2180:10.2979/victorianstudies.56.4.714
1717:Woolf, Virginia. "George Eliot."
1402:The Ethics of Benedict de Spinoza
1015:Nuneaton Museum & Art Gallery
736:that she commissioned the artist
4237:British philosophers of religion
3987:19th-century English translators
3977:19th-century English journalists
3791:Impressions of Theophrastus Such
3757:
3645:
3314:George Eliot: The Last Victorian
3073:George Eliot's Intellectual Life
2560:George Eliot's Intellectual Life
2446:George Eliot: Voice of a Century
2394:"Silly Novels by Lady Novelists"
2307:George Eliot: The Last Victorian
2240:George Eliot's Intellectual Life
2221:. London: Penguin, 1997. 88ff. .
1905:by David Friedrich Strauss 2010
1834:George Eliot: Voice of a Century
1821:George Eliot: Voice of a Century
1577:"Silly Novels by Lady Novelists"
1360:Impressions of Theophrastus Such
1196:Impressions of Theophrastus Such
876:Marriage to John Cross and death
843:(1863) soon followed, and later
4172:English people of Welsh descent
4082:British people of Welsh descent
3549:The Victorian Web: George Eliot
2742:"Henry James Visits the Priory"
2594:. Clarendon Press, 1994. p. 442
2548:, Oxford University Press, 2004
2354:. Translated by Eliot, George.
2162:, by Fionnuala Dillane & K.
1945:by Michael J. McClymond (2004)
1705:. Clarendon Press, 1994. p. 440
740:to paint scenes from the book.
231:
4312:Writers of historical romances
4247:English political philosophers
4242:Philosophers of social science
4212:Literacy and society theorists
4012:19th-century English essayists
3992:19th-century English novelists
3629:Works by or about George Eliot
3476:, London, Edward Arnold, 1963.
3410:, London, Virago Press, 1987,
2899:Stanislawski, Michael (2017).
2662:Rilett, Beverley Park (2017).
2319:de Spinoza, Benedict (2018) .
1783:. Whitefish: Kessinger, 2004.
1602:"The Influence of Rationalism"
911:. She was instead interred in
339:was described by the novelist
55:Eliot (Mary Ann Evans) in 1850
1:
4272:Translators of Baruch Spinoza
2529:36:2 (October 2012), 404–423.
1963:The historical Jesus question
1878:"Los Angeles Review of Books"
1221:. In a 2007 authors' poll by
1166:new biography on George Eliot
991:, Middlemarch Junior School,
444:family, but at that time the
32:George Eliot (disambiguation)
4147:English historical novelists
4117:Burials at Highgate Cemetery
4062:British historical novelists
3462:Ohio University Press, 2003.
3229:Resources in other libraries
3205:Resources in other libraries
3147:Szirotny, June Skye (2015).
3063:Cross, J. W. (ed.), (1885).
2718:"George Eliot's Ugly Beauty"
2448:. Norton, 1995. pp. 237–238.
2137:10.1080/01440357.2014.944298
2066:Victorian Periodicals Review
1028:was named in honour of her.
590:Portrait of George Eliot by
524:Coventry Herald and Observer
4187:English short story writers
4167:English non-fiction writers
4027:19th-century travel writers
3644:(public domain audiobooks)
3544:The George Eliot Fellowship
3131:Karl, Frederick R. (1995).
2580:. Springer. pp. 23–24.
2501:. Madison and Teaneck, NJ:
2416:Cross (1885), vol 1, p. 431
2268:. Springer. pp. 26–28.
2193:Dillane, Fionnuala (2013).
1882:Los Angeles Review of Books
1732:Martin Amis and the sex war
1144:The Essence of Christianity
617:The Essence of Christianity
598:The philosopher and critic
516:The Essence of Christianity
372:Mary Ann Evans was born in
4328:
4252:Pseudonymous women writers
4232:Philosophers of literature
4202:English women philosophers
4122:Deaths from kidney disease
4002:19th-century English poets
3592:George Eliot Review Online
3534:George Eliot Review Online
3099:George Eliot: A Biography.
3097:Haight, Gordon S. (1968).
2464:Craigie, Pearl Mary Teresa
2379:Haight, Gordon S. (1968).
2356:Princeton University Press
1847:Eliot: Voice of a Century.
1845:Karl, Frederick R. George
1800:www.notablebiographies.com
1533:Evenings Come and Go, Love
658:) of George Eliot, c. 1865
277:. She wrote seven novels:
29:
3755:
3488:Philosophy and Literature
3474:George Eliot: Middlemarch
3444:Spinoza Beyond Philosophy
3224:Resources in your library
3200:Resources in your library
3071:Fleishman, Avrom (2010).
3060:New York: Harcourt Brace.
3049:Ashton, Rosemary (1997).
3044:General and cited sources
2783:"George Eliot: Biography"
2558:Fleishman, Avrom (2010).
2527:Philosophy and Literature
2381:George Eliot: A Biography
2238:Fleishman, Avrom (2010).
2116:Mackenzie, Hazel (2014).
1965:by Gregory W. Dawes 2001
1925:by James A. Herrick 2003
1823:. Norton, 1995. pp. 24–25
1647:Ashton, Rosemary (1996).
1549:A College Breakfast Party
269:), known by her pen name
48:
4162:English literary critics
4077:British literary critics
3584:Works about George Eliot
3238:Haight, Gordon S., ed.,
3115:10.1017/CBO9780511793233
3081:10.1017/CBO9780511691706
3053:. London: Penguin, 1997.
2924:Carlisle, Clare (2023).
2497:The Carlyle Encyclopedia
2325:The George Eliot Archive
1589:Review of John Ruskin's
1571:"Three Months in Weimar"
1295:"Quarry for Middlemarch"
1042:Frederick William Burton
368:Early life and education
4282:Victorian women writers
4227:Philosophers of culture
4197:English women novelists
3920:Dan'l Druce, Blacksmith
3775:Scenes of Clerical Life
3767:Short story collections
3731:Felix Holt, the Radical
3509:The Art of George Eliot
3500:Hardy, Barbara Nathan,
3257:, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012
3149:George Eliot's Feminism
3056:Bloom, Harold. (1994).
2649:2027/osu.32435022453492
2479:Encyclopædia Britannica
2264:Szirotny, June (2015).
2037:Tearle, Oliver (2016).
1983:Mead, James K. (2007).
1525:I Grant You Ample Leave
1485:How Lisa Loved the King
1429:In a London Drawingroom
1319:Scenes of Clerical Life
1280:Felix Holt, the Radical
1069:Felix Holt, the Radical
937:Scenes of Clerical Life
846:Felix Holt, the Radical
792:The Subjection of Women
681:Scenes of Clerical Life
576:Bedford College, London
512:the Earl of Shaftesbury
384:, at South Farm on the
304:Felix Holt, the Radical
197:Felix Holt, the Radical
162:Scenes of Clerical Life
142:Bedford College, London
4192:English travel writers
4152:English horror writers
4067:British horror writers
3901:A Simple Twist of Fate
3563:at the British Library
3490:33(1) 2009, pp. 74–90.
3354:Essays of George Eliot
3277:Context and background
2965:Philological Quarterly
2859:: CS1 maint: others (
2576:Newton, K. M. (2018).
2405:The Westminster Review
2281:UCL Bloomsbury Project
1779:Cooke, George Willis.
1331:Mr Gilfil's Love Story
1045:
1010:
983:Memorials and tributes
980:
962:
958:qui n'en finissent pas
888:
748:
707:University of Victoria
659:
595:
556:The Westminster Review
4127:English abolitionists
4047:British abolitionists
4022:19th-century scholars
3972:19th-century atheists
3707:The Mill on the Floss
3638:Works by George Eliot
3610:Works by George Eliot
3596:George Eliot Scholars
3574:Works by George Eliot
3539:George Eliot Scholars
3465:Carroll, David, ed.,
3381:Shuttleworth, Sally,
3352:Pinney, Thomas, ed.,
3240:George Eliot: Letters
3157:10.1057/9781137406156
3105:Henry, Nancy (2008).
2469:"Eliot, George"
2291:Henry, Nancy (2008).
2010:Hesketh, Ian (2017).
1836:. Norton, 1995. p. 31
1256:The Mill on the Floss
1179:The Mill on the Floss
1057:The Mill on the Floss
1039:
1022:tunnel boring machine
1005:
993:George Eliot Hospital
974:Here lies the body of
954:
883:
828:The Mill on the Floss
817:After the success of
746:
738:Edward Henry Corbould
653:
589:
333:psychological insight
286:The Mill on the Floss
176:The Mill on the Floss
4222:People from Nuneaton
4087:British philosophers
4042:Atheist philosophers
3588:George Eliot Archive
3578:George Eliot Archive
3559:18 June 2021 at the
3529:George Eliot Archive
3367:Rignall, John, ed.,
3329:George Eliot in Love
3051:George Eliot: A Life
2967:96.1 (2017): 77–104.
2505:. pp. 141–144.
2399:5 April 2017 at the
2219:George Eliot: A Life
1862:Classics Transformed
1650:George Eliot: A Life
989:George Eliot Academy
965:Spelling of her name
935:, with a quote from
770:'s protests against
687:Blackwood's Magazine
636:George Eliot Archive
450:religious dissenters
30:For other uses, see
4277:Victorian novelists
4262:Social philosophers
4207:Freethought writers
4102:British translators
3516:The Great Tradition
2444:Karl, Frederick R.
1849:Norton, 1995. p. 52
1832:Karl, Frederick R.
1819:Karl, Frederick R.
1517:The Legend of Jubal
1453:The Choir Invisible
1407:Benedict de Spinoza
1217:placed Eliot among
1184:Friedrich Nietzsche
1129:Girolamo Savonarola
1084:Reform Bill of 1832
1074:The Legend of Jubal
1032:Literary assessment
943:Personal appearance
858:Her last novel was
608:Thornton Leigh Hunt
488:Ralph Waldo Emerson
4217:Literary theorists
3814:George Henry Lewes
3504:. Oxford UP, 1967.
2433:Elizabeth Inchbald
2217:Ashton, Rosemary.
1681:The New York Times
1595:Westminster Review
1557:The Death of Moses
1477:Brother and Sister
1336:Janet's Repentance
1164:, who published a
1099:Westminster Review
1046:
1011:
917:George Henry Lewes
889:
753:American Civil War
749:
728:, the daughter of
664:Westminster Review
660:
600:George Henry Lewes
596:
538:Westminster Review
356:George Henry Lewes
250:George Henry Lewes
4287:Victorian writers
4177:English satirists
4157:English humanists
4142:English essayists
4132:English agnostics
4092:British satirists
4072:British humanists
4057:British ethicists
3949:
3948:
3822:
3821:
3614:Project Gutenberg
3493:Graver, Suzanne,
3458:Carroll, Alicia,
3449:Carlisle, Clare,
3312:Hughes, Kathryn,
3270:978-1-108-01962-0
3260:Stephen, Leslie.
3181:Library resources
3166:978-1-349-48784-4
2910:978-0-19-062520-7
2875:"Bromford Tunnel"
2824:The Victorian Web
2755:10.16995/ntn.1919
2740:(20 March 2020).
2620:. 15 October 2009
2512:978-0-8386-3792-0
2305:Hughes, Kathryn,
2168:Victorian Studies
2050:978-1-78243-558-7
2023:978-1-4426-6359-6
1996:978-0-664-22972-6
1859:Christopher Stray
1719:The Common Reader
1609:Explanatory notes
1461:The Spanish Gypsy
1199:. By the time of
1191:Looking Backwards
1133:The Spanish Gypsy
913:Highgate Cemetery
909:Westminster Abbey
886:Highgate Cemetery
884:Eliot's grave in
801:appeals to nature
646:Career in fiction
484:Harriet Martineau
256:
255:
112:Highgate Cemetery
16:(Redirected from
4319:
4182:English sceptics
4137:English atheists
4097:British sceptics
4052:British atheists
3849:
3842:
3835:
3826:
3761:
3677:
3670:
3663:
3654:
3649:
3648:
3633:Internet Archive
3472:Daiches, David,
3423:Critical studies
3397:Speaight, Robert
3327:Maddox, Brenda,
3170:
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1395:Ludwig Feuerbach
1142:and Feuerbach's
919:. The graves of
812:Romola de' Bardi
787:John Stuart Mill
768:Richard Congreve
565:1848 Revolutions
496:Ludwig Feuerbach
456:Move to Coventry
319:(1876). As with
313:(1871–1872) and
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3605:Standard Ebooks
3570:
3568:Online editions
3561:Wayback Machine
3525:
3435:Beaty, Jerome,
3425:
3282:Beer, Gillian,
3279:
3272:(1st ed. 1902).
3235:
3234:
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3213:By George Eliot
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1591:Modern Painters
1567:
1437:A Minor Prophet
1416:
1370:
1344:The Lifted Veil
1314:
1243:
1238:
1160:. According to
1093:Modern Painters
1034:
985:
977:
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967:
948:on 9 May 1869,
945:
878:
825:, she finished
780:Irish home rule
726:Princess Louise
648:
592:Samuel Laurence
584:
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427:Misses Franklin
370:
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2928:. Allen Lane.
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2723:The New Yorker
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2174:(4): 714–717.
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976:'George Eliot'
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3522:
3517:
3514:Leavis, F R,
3513:
3510:
3507:Harvey, W J,
3506:
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3496:
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3416:0-86068-400-8
3413:
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3405:
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3398:
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3392:
3391:0-521-25786-7
3388:
3384:
3380:
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3377:0-19-860099-2
3374:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3362:0-231-02619-6
3359:
3355:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3343:Mintz, Steven
3341:
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3334:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:0-374-16138-0
3319:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3307:0-300-08458-7
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:
3292:0-521-78392-5
3289:
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3276:
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3248:0-300-01088-5
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3124:9780511793233
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3090:9780511691706
3086:
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3055:
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3028:
3024:
3017:
3014:
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2998:
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2983:
2978:
2977:Bloom, Harold
2973:
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2173:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:Prose Studies
2119:
2112:
2109:
2100:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2052:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1971:0-664-22458-X
1968:
1964:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:0-8308-2398-0
1928:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:1-61640-309-8
1908:
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1896:
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1879:
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1816:
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1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1761:(Winter 2000)
1760:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1749:Guppy, Shusha
1744:
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1569:
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1564:
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1558:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:Self and Life
1538:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1527:
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1522:
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1413:
1408:
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1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:David Strauss
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:Brother Jacob
1349:
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1220:
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1212:
1209:, who called
1208:
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1198:
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1145:
1141:
1140:Life of Jesus
1136:
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1111:
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870:Life and Mind
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3893:Bangaru Papa
3891:
3885:Silas Marner
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3875:
3861:Silas Marner
3859:
3856:George Eliot
3855:
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3186:George Eliot
3185:
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3106:
3098:
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3057:
3050:
3030:. Retrieved
3027:The Guardian
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2072:(2): 57–62.
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1597:, April 1856
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1501:Stradivarius
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1374:
1368:Translations
1358:
1350:
1342:
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1330:
1325:
1317:
1302:
1291:(1871–1872)
1286:
1278:
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1264:Silas Marner
1262:
1254:
1246:
1228:
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1215:Harold Bloom
1210:
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1067:
1063:Silas Marner
1061:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1040:Portrait by
1026:High Speed 2
1019:
1012:
986:
973:
968:
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955:
946:
936:
933:Dylan Thomas
906:
890:
869:
859:
857:
850:
844:
838:
834:Silas Marner
832:
826:
822:
818:
816:
809:
790:
784:
774:policies in
772:governmental
764:abolitionist
750:
733:
722:
717:
711:
700:
691:
685:
679:
677:
667:
663:
661:
654:Photograph (
640:
635:
631:
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615:
597:
573:
560:
554:
548:
545:John Chapman
542:
537:
522:
520:
515:
508:
503:
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471:Charles Bray
459:
431:
415:Attleborough
411:
393:
378:Warwickshire
371:
353:
336:
325:Thomas Hardy
314:
308:
302:
296:
292:Silas Marner
290:
284:
278:
271:George Eliot
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
209:
207:(1871–1872)
202:
195:
193:(1862–1863)
188:
183:Silas Marner
181:
174:
167:
160:
126:George Eliot
92:(1880-12-22)
80:Warwickshire
43:George Eliot
36:
3967:1880 deaths
3962:1819 births
3923:(1876 play)
3809:Griff House
3742:(1871–1872)
3739:Middlemarch
3726:(1862–1863)
2674:(1): 2–34.
2624:30 December
2618:BBC History
2603:1881 census
1565:Non-fiction
1288:Middlemarch
1229:Middlemarch
1211:Middlemarch
1088:John Ruskin
1079:Middlemarch
950:Henry James
929:W. H. Auden
898:Grand Canal
852:Middlemarch
837:(1861) and
797:John Morley
476:Robert Owen
423:evangelical
399:Griff House
386:Arbury Hall
345:Martin Amis
337:Middlemarch
310:Middlemarch
252:(1854–1878)
204:Middlemarch
4267:Spinozists
3956:Categories
3912:Television
3623:Faded Page
3032:9 February
3006:9 February
2403:text from
1951:0802826806
1888:22 October
1630:References
1445:Two Lovers
1115:Wordsworth
692:The Scenes
439:low church
401:, between
224:John Cross
131:Occupation
69:1819-11-22
3699:Adam Bede
2855:cite book
2829:21 August
2789:24 August
2685:23 August
2309:, p. 168.
2145:170098666
1973:pp. 77–79
1933:pp. 58–65
1736:The Times
1687:20 August
1635:Citations
1248:Adam Bede
1148:Spinoza's
1106:ideas in
1051:Adam Bede
997:Foleshill
921:Karl Marx
823:Adam Bede
819:Adam Bede
756:broke out
751:When the
734:Adam Bede
718:Adam Bede
713:Adam Bede
594:, c. 1860
463:Foleshill
280:Adam Bede
263:Mary Anne
169:Adam Bede
151:Victorian
103:, England
82:, England
3642:LibriVox
3625:(Canada)
3557:Archived
2979:. 1994.
2799:cite web
2466:(1911).
2397:Archived
2078:20082202
1622:control.
1379:Volume 2
1158:humanism
1155:agnostic
1125:Florence
1007:Nuneaton
927:between
569:Lombardy
467:Coventry
446:Midlands
442:Anglican
435:typeface
419:Coventry
407:Bedworth
403:Nuneaton
390:Welshman
374:Nuneaton
307:(1866),
295:(1861),
289:(1860),
283:(1859),
123:Pen name
118:, London
116:Highgate
114:(East),
76:Nuneaton
3939:Michael
3802:Related
3631:at the
3586:at the
3576:at the
2476:(ed.).
2330:12 June
1864:, p. 81
1805:23 July
1493:Armgart
1322:(1857)
1104:Zionist
952:wrote:
776:Ireland
672:realism
382:England
329:realism
246:Partner
240:
228:
200:(1866)
186:(1861)
179:(1860)
172:(1859)
165:(1857)
97:Chelsea
3942:(poem)
3904:(1994)
3896:(1955)
3888:(1922)
3880:(1916)
3794:(1879)
3786:(1859)
3778:(1857)
3750:(1876)
3734:(1866)
3723:Romola
3718:(1861)
3710:(1860)
3702:(1859)
3691:Novels
3594:, and
3414:
3389:
3375:
3360:
3335:
3320:
3305:
3290:
3268:
3246:
3183:about
3163:
3139:
3121:
3087:
2932:
2907:
2748:(29).
2509:
2362:
2201:
2164:
2143:
2076:
2047:
2020:
1993:
1969:
1953:p. 82
1949:
1929:
1909:
1765:26 May
1657:
1604:(1865)
1585:(1856)
1579:(1856)
1573:(1855)
1560:(1879)
1552:(1879)
1544:(1879)
1536:(1878)
1528:(1874)
1520:(1874)
1512:(1873)
1504:(1873)
1496:(1870)
1488:(1869)
1480:(1869)
1472:(1868)
1469:Agatha
1464:(1868)
1456:(1867)
1448:(1866)
1440:(1865)
1432:(1865)
1424:(1840)
1414:Poetry
1409:(1856)
1397:(1854)
1385:(1846)
1363:(1879)
1355:(1864)
1347:(1859)
1307:(1876)
1283:(1866)
1275:(1863)
1272:Romola
1267:(1861)
1259:(1860)
1251:(1859)
1241:Novels
1175:Romola
1170:Ethics
1151:Ethics
1120:Romola
1044:, 1864
894:Venice
866:Witley
840:Romola
696:parson
668:Review
632:Ethics
627:Ethics
612:Weimar
561:Review
529:Geneva
486:, and
298:Romola
267:Marian
234:
219:Spouse
214:(1876)
190:Romola
147:Period
101:London
3931:Other
3869:Films
2472:. In
2431:, by
2141:S2CID
2121:(PDF)
2074:JSTOR
1509:Arion
1236:Works
1131:. In
760:Union
465:near
238:)
230:(
226:
3412:ISBN
3387:ISBN
3373:ISBN
3358:ISBN
3333:ISBN
3318:ISBN
3303:ISBN
3288:ISBN
3266:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3161:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3119:ISBN
3085:ISBN
3034:2017
3008:2017
3001:Time
2930:ISBN
2905:ISBN
2886:2023
2861:link
2831:2023
2805:link
2791:2007
2687:2021
2626:2009
2507:ISBN
2360:ISBN
2332:2022
2199:ISBN
2105:348.
2045:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1991:ISBN
1967:ISBN
1947:ISBN
1927:ISBN
1907:ISBN
1890:2023
1807:2018
1767:2012
1689:2023
1655:ISBN
1224:Time
1072:and
1060:and
931:and
494:and
405:and
363:Life
347:and
323:and
236:1880
87:Died
61:Born
3858:'s
3640:at
3621:at
3612:at
3603:at
3153:doi
3111:doi
3077:doi
2879:HS2
2750:doi
2676:doi
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2176:doi
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