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690:, focusing on her prodigy with mathematics and statistics, described her as "an unassuming woman who goes about her work in a quiet manner, who does it primarily because she loves it, and who thoroughly enjoys every minute of her existence." In response to the interviewer's description of her statistical reports as "endless labor", van Kleeck replied "Really, I don't feel I've worked an hour in my whole life
947:' and possible secret member of the Communist Party, although no evidence of membership was ever presented. Congressional committees investigating communism listed her as a member of up to 60 different "subversive" organizations that they considered possible fronts for communism. Several times, van Kleeck was denied a visa to travel abroad. As an openly dedicated socialist, van Kleeck was called before
280:, a prominent Baltimore lawyer and politician. The youngest of five siblings, including a brother who died in infancy, Van Kleeck was close to her mother, but had a distant relationship with her father, who was often sick when she was young. He died in 1892, when she was only nine. With a strong reputation for intelligence and force of personality among her classmates, Van Kleeck was the
404:, prominent older labor activists and social reformers, van Kleeck was hired directly by the Foundation in 1910 to lead its Committee on Women's Work. Her initial salary was $ 1500 annually. She was instrumental in the passage of New York laws prohibiting long working hours in 1910 and 1915. Van Kleeck and the Sage Foundation published a series of books based on her research:
717:. Gilbreth, a friend, described van Kleeck as "the best research woman I know." Fleddérus, a Dutch social reformer, became van Kleeck's lifelong partner and the two women lived together for most of their later life, splitting their time evenly between the Netherlands and New York City each year and exchanging daily letters when apart. The historian
611:. These studies collectively represented "one of the decade's most searching examinations of the dramatic changes underway in the relationship between capital, labor, stockholders, and management," according to the economic historian Mark Hendrickson. During the 1920s, van Kleeck also served on several government committees in
586:. Van Kleeck wrote the law enabling this transition in June 1920. On July 14, van Kleeck was appointed as the head of the new agency within the Department of Labor. Although she was expected to lead the Bureau permanently, van Kleeck was called away to help care for her dying mother and resigned after a few weeks.
427:
In 1916, van Kleeck persuaded the
Foundation to create the Division of Industrial Studies with her as its head. As director of the division, soon renamed and expanded to become the Department of Industrial Studies, she became a well-known figure in the study of industrial labor conditions and women's
926:
and
Democrat Evelyn B. Richman. In the last year of prominence for the American Labor Party, van Kleeck won 14,284 votes (10.01%), compared to Mitchell's 76,519 and Richman's 51,916. After the loss, she turned her focus to anti-nuclear activism and disarmament work. Van Kleeck also assisted in the
340:
and the Smith
College Alumnae Association which enabled her to perform research in New York City. As part of this work, van Kleeck carried out investigations of the enforcement of the labor law governing the workweek (limited to 60 hours at the time, though this provision was frequently ignored by
315:
from 1900 to 1904, where she flourished—studying calculus, writing poetry, and enjoying popularity among her fellow students. The Smith
College Association for Christian Work (SCACW) was the main student organization on campus, and van Kleeck rapidly became involved. She served as president of the
847:
Van Kleeck's speech, delivered to a packed crowd of 1500 in a room designed for 500, was so well-received that she received the conference's top award for an outstanding paper, and was asked to present the paper again to meet the high demand from attendees to hear her work. One journalist wrote:
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This reaction alarmed more conservative members of the NCSW and led its president, William Hodson, to criticize van Kleeck's radicalism and opposition to the New Deal at the organization's annual banquet. In response, nearly 1,000 conference attendees organized to unofficially censure Hodson.
844:(NCSW) meeting in 1934. There, she presented her paper "Our Illusions Regarding Government", arguing that social reformers must not allow themselves to be corrupted by a government controlled by capital and big business, which would "tend to protect property rights rather than human rights".
435:
Van Kleeck's department frequently recommended labor reforms, such as the establishment of cooperative wage boards. More than once, the Sage
Foundation was required to protect the Department of Industrial Studies from reprisals from aggrieved corporations which had been investigated by the
1012:. Van Kleeck had been uncertain whether her documents were of value, saying that "to write about with merely me as the unifying element would belittle them to the vanishing point," but came around to believe that "the collection, if properly arranged, would be the most useful biography."
627:, the unemployment committee developed a plan for the uniform calculation of employment statistics across the United States, work in which van Kleeck played a key role. An indefatigable worker, van Kleeck additionally was a trustee of Smith College from 1922 to 1930 and headed up the
942:
Although she never publicly joined the
Communist Party, van Kleeck became a defender of the Soviet Union, believing it to represent the world's only viable alternative to capitalism. As a result, she came under government suspicion and sustained FBI surveillance as a
856:... to her wearied and discouraged colleagues in social work she brought a new hope and dream when they had ceased to hope and dream, and she came in the person of an undeniable leader, clothed with the courage for a good fight. The effect on her hearers was electric.
598:
Van Kleeck resumed her work and research with the
Russell Sage Foundation after World War I, once more becoming director of the Department of Industrial Studies. The foundation continued to perform in-depth studies of conditions for workers at workplaces such as the
661:, which he believed was rife with exploitation. Van Kleeck conducted the study, and, among other findings, recommended the creation of a centralized organization for casting extras and other small parts. Hays adopted this suggestion and the
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employment in industry. Van Kleeck's department became an organization known for expertise on industry and labor, for training graduate students and for developing new methods of investigation. Its work was characterized by "careful
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533:. As such, she became the first woman in the United States appointed to a position of authority in the federal government since the beginning of the country's involvement in World War I. Van Kleeck wrote that the great numbers of
324:, New York, van Kleeck was drawn to the ideas of Florence Simms, the YWCA's industrial secretary. Van Kleeck became determined to dedicate her career to public service, an ideal to which she dedicated a poem in Smith's yearbook.
2766:"Mary van Kleeck Scores NRA Policy: In Protest, She Cancels Her Acceptance of Place on Federal Employment Council. Assails Ban on Strikes. Mediation Board Plan and Curb on Unions Clash With Law and Endanger Recovery, She Holds"
725:, describing van Kleeck and Fleddérus as "women-committed women" in a time before lesbianism was acceptable in mainstream society. Such relationships, not unknown in urban communities of college-educated women, were called
976:
Miss VAN KLEECK: Is the United States essentially and forever capitalist? It has changed its form of organization through the years. I am a believer in political democracy, which is the essence of the United States of
548:, and discrimination against female workers, conducting investigations in 31 states. Their recommendations were often ignored, and at an October 1918 conference to discuss women's labor organized by van Kleeck,
2247:
694:... It is something I just love to do." Some years later, a young contemporary of van Kleeck's, Jacob Fisher, would describe her as having "the patrician carriage and speech, the imperious presence and the
296:... make one great mistake—they bravely defend woman, but they forget that she needs no defense, they eloquently plead her release from the bonds of slavery, but they forget that she is not a slave.
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represented a "new freedom" for women: "freedom to serve their country through their industry not as women but as workers judged by the same standards and rewarded by the same recompense as men".
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manufacturing company, criticized by van Kleeck's department in 1916 for providing substandard conditions for its workers, attempted to suppress the resulting report, but was rebuffed by
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misadventure. During the war, she continued to argue for the inclusion of women in government and the labor force. In 1944, van Kleeck co-wrote a book with Mary Fleddérus, entitled
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1019:, New York. Described by contemporaries as a serious, brilliant, and quiet person, van Kleeck played tennis and bridge and was a fan of theater and comedy sketches. A lifelong
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declined to take action to address wage inequality. Van Kleeck made it a priority to appoint a black woman to the staff of the Women in
Industry Service group, working with
3220:
Alchon, Guy (1998). "The "Self-Applauding
Sincerity" of Overreaching Theory, Biography as Ethical Practice, and the Case of Mary van Kleeck". In Silverberg, Helene (ed.).
1268:
Alchon, Guy (1998). "The "Self-Applauding
Sincerity" of Overreaching Theory, Biography as Ethical Practice, and the Case of Mary van Kleeck". In Silverberg, Helene (ed.).
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Miss VAN KLEECK: Emphatically. I am an American with a long family background going back to the early days, and my whole work is devoted to the United States of America.
568:
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875:(ACLU), heading up the Subcommittee on Labor Policy. She was affiliated with the ACLU from 1935 until 1940, when she resigned in protest after the ACLU expelled
356:(AEB), represented the beginning of her research on women in industry and child labor. For the AEB, she conducted a study on the irregular working conditions of
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485:(also known as scientific management) and rapidly became a proponent, viewing it as a "social science of utopian potential." She was a prominent member of the
455:, which was founded in 1915. During this period, van Kleeck's output of labor studies and other articles was prodigious, and she often worked closely with the
240:, but lost the election and turned her focus to peace activism and nuclear disarmament. As a long-time advocate of planned economies, she became a defender of
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914:
Van Kleeck retired from the Sage Foundation at the age of 63 in 1948, having earned a salary of $ 8,808 in her final year with the organization. She ran for
894:
The book argued that increased technological innovation and efficiency inevitably lead to increased unemployment and underemployment, and suggested a strong
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2013:
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3158:. Revealing Women's Life Stories: Papers from the 50th Anniversary Celebration of the Sophia Smith Collection. Northampton, Massachusetts. pp. 9–28.
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in 1907, shortly after its establishment, the start of a professional relationship which would last for forty years. The organization had been founded by
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and American capitalism, advocating a radical agenda for social reformers and workers. Retiring from the Sage Foundation in 1948, van Kleeck ran for
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952:
509:. By this point, van Kleeck enjoyed "a well-deserved reputation as one of the nation's leading experts on women's employment." At the behest of the
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780:, which she was convinced would be effective in solving the USA's continuing economic issues. Her views were widely publicized, such as in a 1931
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Van Kleeck investigated labor conditions for women in the workforce during World War I, such as these ordnance manufacturers in Pennsylvania.
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was not sufficiently supportive of unions. Van Kleeck continued to conduct labor studies and write in favor of socialist policies. Her book
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1530:
212:), before returning to the Sage Foundation and continuing her determined research into labor issues. By the 1930s, van Kleeck had become a
2050:
736:, which she viewed as being at the forefront of scientific management and labor rights. The next year, she was elected as a fellow of the
2446:"Hunts for Real Truth In Figures: Mary van Kleeck Does Not Find Mathematics a Dry Subject, Uses Statistics to Keep Businessmen Informed"
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and labor movement as the necessary remedy to this problem. Known for her prewar contributions to labor statistics, van Kleeck became a
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What interests me in my life is my work, for it was my unusual and blessed destiny to be involved with subjects of immense importance.
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and makers of artificial flowers, both major sources of employment for women at the time. Van Kleeck also undertook graduate work in
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Throughout her retirement, she lived with her longtime romantic companion Mary "Mikie" Fleddérus in a "shambling old house" in
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Andrews, Irene Osgood; Commission, New York (State) Factory Investigating; Unemployment, American Association on (1915).
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Kenaga, Heidi (2006). "Making the 'Studio Girl': The Hollywood Studio Club and Industry Regulation of Female Labour".
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Although several fellow social scientists and activists advocated for van Kleeck to receive a cabinet position in the
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3116:"Executive Sessions of the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations"
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courses without financial barriers, published in May 1915. Van Kleeck also found the time to serve on New York Mayor
817:." Alchon writes that "for van Kleeck, Christian and Communist idealism were complementary, if not interchangeable."
2837:
2647:
928:
205:, becoming the first woman appointed to a position of authority in the American federal government during the war.
2676:"Beyond the Rank and File Movement: Mary van Kleeck and Social Work Radicalism in the Great Depression, 1931–1942"
1027:, an Episcopal women's organization, in the words of Alchon. Van Kleeck died of heart failure on June 8, 1972, in
623:'s administrations, including the President's Conference on Unemployment in 1921. Chaired by Hoover, who was then
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2005:
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We are living in an age of disputes, and by no means the least among them is the question of woman and her rights
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935:. Arguing that the organization should focus on women not just as homemakers but as workers, van Kleeck invited
353:
352:. Van Kleeck's work with the College Settlement Association, along with her role as industrial secretary of the
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740:. Van Kleeck also led the formation of the American Association of Social Workers, which later merged into the
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2999:
Journal of the American Statistical Association. "Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting." March 1946: 84–87.
582:, which applied standards to workplaces throughout the country. After the war, van Kleeck's group became the
432:, collegial review, and cooperation with state and private agencies," according to the historian Guy Alchon.
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van Kleeck, Mary (1883–1972), industrial sociologist, Christian radical, and champion of the planned society
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Of Dutch descent, van Kleeck was a lifelong New Yorker, with the exception of her undergraduate studies at
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2736:"URGES LIVING SCALE AS ECONOMIC GUIDE; Mary van Kleeck Says Social Effects of World Plans Should Be Test"
2308:
Stamp, Shelley (2012). "Women and the Silent Screen". In Cynthia Lucia; Roy Grundmann; Art Simon (eds.).
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3499:
1310:""The World We Seek As Christians": Mary van Kleeck, Philanthropy, and Early Social Science Initiatives"
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in 1933, her increasingly radical views made this unlikely. By the early 1930s, van Kleeck had become a
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The Development of the Social Sciences in the United States and Canada : the Role of Philanthropy
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321:
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2933:"Rising to a new challenge: The National Conference of Social Work Hears an Evangelist—and Likes It"
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1023:, she was a member of the Episcopal League for Social Action and served as a "leading light" in the
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After the war, she led the creation of a federal agency to advocate for women in the workforce (the
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1968:
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American Labor and Economic Citizenship: New Capitalism from World War I to the Great Depression
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American Labor and Economic Citizenship: New Capitalism from World War I to the Great Depression
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American Labor and Economic Citizenship: New Capitalism from World War I to the Great Depression
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The Development of the Social Sciences in the United States and Canada: the Role of Philanthropy
419:
320:, which she remained affiliated with for the remainder of her life. At a YWCA summer retreat in
193:'s Department of Industrial Studies, which she led for over 30 years, beginning in 1916. During
43:
3149:... Another Season of Silence": Laying the Foundation of the Sophia Smith Collection 1942–1965"
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Committee on Unemployment. In addition, she taught a series of courses on industrial issues at
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Never in a long experience of conferences has this observer witnessed such a prolonged ovation
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Social Science for What?: Philanthropy and the Social Question in a World Turned Rightside Up
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Social Science for What?: Philanthropy and the Social Question in a World Turned Rightside Up
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3063:. Vol. XCVIII, no. 33, 156. November 3, 1948. p. A4 – via TimesMachine.
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2895:
The Altruistic Imagination: A History of Social Work and Social Policy in the United States
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Alchon, Guy (1992). "Mary van Kleeck and Scientific Management". In Nelson, Daniel (ed.).
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1186:
1001:
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836:, with considerable influence over the national social work movement, which advocated for
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During the early years of the New Deal, van Kleeck was considered a leading figure of the
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appointed van Kleeck to lead a new Women in Industry Service group, a sub-agency of the
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article subtitled "Mary van Kleeck Says Social Effects of World Plans Should Be Test."
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Mary van Kleeck, in response to a 1957 suggestion that she write an autobiography
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improvements in society. Her influence was showcased by a rapturous reception at the
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2086:. St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank of the United States. March 4, 2019. Archived from
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Mr. COHN: My question was: You are a believer in the capitalist form of government?
732:
In 1932, as a longtime advocate of social-economic planning, van Kleeck visited the
17:
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2109:
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638:
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to present to the organization on discrimination against African-American women.
307:
Van Kleeck studied at Smith College before beginning her career in New York City.
3085:. Washington, D.C.: United States House of Representatives. pp. 5885–5886.
887:
506:
194:
590:, her close friend and colleague, became its first long-term director instead.
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2540:
2523:
2401:
2356:
2272:
Social Science in the Making: Essays on the Russell Sage Foundation, 1907–1972
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429:
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3279:
3045:
The Master of Seventh Avenue: David Dubinsky and the American Labor Movement.
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The Women in Industry Service group produced a series of reports documenting
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of economies was the most effective way to protect labor rights. During the
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Cold War Progressives: Women's Interracial Organizing for Peace and Freedom
2501:
268:
minister of Dutch origin. On her father's side, she was descended from the
2080:"Uncurrent Events: The Woman-Power Behind the "Woman in Industry Service""
559:
to find a suitable candidate. Eventually, an experienced researcher named
3250:
The Road Not Taken: A History of Radical Social Work in the United States
1662:
The Road Not Taken: A History of Radical Social Work in the United States
1180:
960:
773:
273:
229:
3311:
The Global Evolution of Industrial Relations: Events, Ideas and the IIRA
2639:
2481:
1143:
The Global Evolution of Industrial Relations: Events, Ideas and the IIRA
3076:"Information from the Files of the Committee on Un-American Activities"
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1972:
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reforms through dedicated scientific research. Mentored and trained by
2006:"Mary Abby Van Kleeck | A Biographical Dictionary of Women Economists"
1004:, van Kleeck began organizing her papers and turning them over to the
423:
Van Kleeck at work with the Russell Sage Foundation before World War I
3202:
2800:
The Politics of Upheaval: 1935–1936, the Age of Roosevelt, Volume III
1182:
American paintings in the Brooklyn Museum : artists born by 1876
1179:
Carbone, Teresa A.; Gallati, Barbara Dayer; Ferber, Linda S. (2006).
899:
809:, was published in 1936 and opposed continued private control of the
574:
In December 1918, the group published a wide-ranging report entitled
1901:
Notable American Women: The Modern Period: a Biographical Dictionary
805:, and argued that all industry should be socialized. Her next book,
521:
warehouses. She recommended the creation of a Women's Bureau in the
481:
from 1914 to 1917. At Columbia, Van Kleeck encountered the ideas of
368:
during this time. She studied under the experienced labor economist
2838:"Ideology and Opportunity In Social Work During the New Deal Years"
1963:
1946:
793:, she resigned in protest after one day due to her belief that the
789:
Although appointed to the Federal Advisory Council of the New Deal
189:
in New York City. Van Kleeck rose to prominence as director of the
3555:
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
819:
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reached out to van Kleeck because of her expertise on labor issues
633:
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and Samuel McCune Lindsay, but never completed a doctoral degree.
302:
1555:
The Relation of Irregular Employment to the Living Wage for Women
1489:. Vol. 8. National Women's Trade Union League. p. 113.
879:, one of its own founders, for belonging to the Communist Party.
517:, van Kleeck investigated the possibility of employing women in
317:
3224:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 293–326.
1272:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 293–326.
336:, van Kleeck received a joint postgraduate fellowship from the
3197:. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press. pp. 1–23.
967:
Mr. COHN: Are you a believer in our form of government today?
871:
Van Kleeck was also a member of the board of directors of the
578:
The report was later used as the basis for the groundbreaking
316:
SCACW in 1903. Through this organization, she encountered the
158:(June 26, 1883 – June 8, 1972) was an American
3413:
Partner and I: Molly Dewson, Feminism, and New Deal Politics
2043:"United States Women's Bureau: United States Federal Agency"
1854:
Partner and I: Molly Dewson, Feminism, and New Deal Politics
1357:"Sophia Smith Collection: Mary van Kleeck Papers, 1849–1998"
922:
in Manhattan's 20th District, against incumbent Republican
1483:
Robins, Margaret Dreier; Rippey, Sarah Cory, eds. (1918).
955:
in 1953, where she was represented by civil rights lawyer
670:
Really, I don't feel I've worked an hour in my whole life
1621:"Margaret Olivia Slocum (Mrs. Russell) Sage (1828–1918)"
1449:. American National Biography. Oxford University Press.
1140:
Kaufman, Bruce E.; Office, International Labour (2004).
882:
Van Kleeck was initially opposed to American entry into
698:
manner of the mistress of a nineteenth-century salon."
679:
Mary van Kleeck, interviewed by Helen Foster in 1926
3222:
Gender and American Social Science: the Formative Years
3191:
A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor
1591:
A Mental Revolution: Scientific Management since Taylor
1270:
Gender and American Social Science: the Formative Years
824:
Van Kleeck resigned from an advisory position with the
288:
in New York City. She wrote in her valedictory address:
2602:"Mary van Kleeck, Social Worker Led Russell Sage Fund"
181:
in Massachusetts. She began her career as part of the
3329:
Richardson, Theresa R.; Fisher, Donald, eds. (1999).
2182:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 199.
459:(WTUL). For instance, she authored an article in the
162:
of the 20th century. She was a notable figure in the
2534:(1). The Pennsylvania State University Press: 1–23.
651:
Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
465:
arguing that working girls should be able to access
3271:
Year Book of the Dutchess County Historical Society
3125:. Washington, D.C. (published 2003). p. 1006.
2644:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1312:. In Richardson, Theresa R; Fisher, Donald (eds.).
1103:
Year Book of the Dutchess County Historical Society
738:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
201:to lead the development of workplace standards for
143:
132:
121:
113:
105:
95:
87:
69:
50:
34:
3380:
2964:The Politics of the American Civil Liberties Union
2240:Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States (1942).
1898:
1146:. International Labour Organization. p. 213.
576:Standards for the Employment of Women in Industry.
1705:"Sage Fund Head Says Ex-Aid Was In 60 Red Fronts"
1593:. Ohio State University Press. pp. 102–129.
801:, published in 1934, was based on a study of the
772:, and she opposed the Roosevelt administration's
2674:Selmi, Patrick; Hunter, Richard (June 1, 2001).
2568:. University of Illinois Press. pp. 44–55.
1783:"Mary Abby Van Kleeck: American Social Reformer"
1399:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 155–159.
1361:Five College Archives and Manuscript Collections
3510:Fellows of the American Statistical Association
2803:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 193–194.
988:
965:
850:
668:
653:, asked van Kleeck to undertake a study of the
451:, van Kleeck was also co-vice president of the
290:
3057:"Vote in City for State Senate and Assembly".
2898:. Cornell University Press. pp. 104–106.
2524:"Mary Van Kleeck and Social-Economic Planning"
1897:Sicherman, Barbara; Green, Carol Hurd (1980).
709:. Prominent members of the Institute included
3074:Congressional Record – House (May 14, 1948).
2680:The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
2483:The response of social work to the Depression
2110:"Women's Bureau (WB) – About Us, Our History"
776:initiatives. Van Kleeck favored Soviet-style
8:
2310:The Wiley-Blackwell history of American film
2269:Hammack, David C.; Wheeler, Stanton (1995).
1106:. Vol. 23–30. The Society. p. 70.
931:, an important organization in the post-war
813:, as well as supporting a "moderate form of
703:International Industrial Relations Institute
276:. On her mother's side, her grandfather was
3268:Dutchess County Historical Society (1938).
2842:The Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare
1818:. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 40–47.
1584:"Mary Van Kleeck and Scientific Management"
1224:The Part Taken by Women in American History
1100:Dutchess County Historical Society (1938).
1025:Society of the Companions of the Holy Cross
963:. An excerpt from that questioning follows:
828:due to her opposition to New Deal policies.
535:women brought into the workforce by the war
332:A year after graduating from Smith with an
197:, van Kleeck was appointed by US President
3364:. New York City: Russell Sage Foundation.
2340:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1227:. Perry-Nalle Publishing Company. p.
1008:at her alma mater, with the assistance of
918:the same year as a member of the far-left
42:
31:
3247:Andrews, Janice; Reisch, Michael (2002).
3047:New York: New York University Press, 2005
2853:
2691:
2539:
1962:
1659:Reisch, Michael; Andrews, Janice (2002).
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1455:10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1500714
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
244:, leading to suspicion from the powerful
3132:from the original on September 28, 2018.
2878:– via Western Michigan University.
1516:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1508:
953:Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
748:Socialism and opposition to the New Deal
3535:20th-century American social scientists
2275:. Russell Sage Foundation. p. 51.
2229:from the original on December 21, 2018.
1207:– via Decorative Arts collection.
1040:
674:... It is something I just love to do.
3114:US Government Printing Office (1953).
3109:
3107:
2967:. Transaction Publishers. p. 42.
2620:from the original on September 5, 2019
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2475:
2473:
2444:Foster, Helen Herbert (July 4, 1926).
2439:
2437:
2435:
2333:
2053:from the original on September 5, 2019
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1923:from the original on December 17, 2019
1857:. Yale University Press. p. 140.
1777:
1775:
1773:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
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1428:
1263:
1261:
756:Van Kleeck in 1930, photographed at a
742:National Association of Social Workers
701:From 1928, she was also active in the
260:. She was the child of Eliza Mayer of
256:Van Kleeck was born June 26, 1883, in
27:American social scientist and feminist
3485:People from Dutchess County, New York
3314:. International Labour Organization.
2956:
2954:
2887:
2885:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2074:
2072:
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2068:
1905:. Harvard University Press. pp.
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1631:from the original on October 10, 2018
1521:McClurken, Kara M. (April 22, 2011).
1303:
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1044:
7:
3525:Mathematicians from New York (state)
3335:. Stamford, Conn.: Ablex Pub. Corp.
1717:from the original on October 8, 2019
1665:. Psychology Press. pp. 61–65.
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1135:
1133:
1095:
1093:
721:characterizes their relationship as
684:A 1926 profile of van Kleeck in the
3444:, Smith College Special Collections
2650:from the original on March 27, 2019
2211:Creel, George (November 18, 1918).
505:In 1917, the United States entered
444:, the foundation's vice president.
384:Van Kleeck gained support from the
2892:Ehrenreich, John (June 19, 2014).
2836:Phillips, Norma Kolko (May 1985).
2797:Schlesinger, Arthur Meier (2003).
2120:from the original on June 19, 2019
1600:from the original on March 4, 2016
1527:The Social Welfare History Project
1000:In 1956, on the recommendation of
842:National Conference of Social Work
493:World War I and the Women's Bureau
25:
3475:American women's rights activists
3165:from the original on June 8, 2019
3092:from the original on June 1, 2021
3022:from the original on June 2, 2021
2981:from the original on June 1, 2021
2912:from the original on June 1, 2021
2870:from the original on June 2, 2021
2817:from the original on June 2, 2021
2778:from the original on June 1, 2021
2716:from the original on June 1, 2021
2582:from the original on June 1, 2021
2486:. Boston: G.K. Hall. p. 67.
2458:from the original on June 2, 2021
2369:from the original on June 1, 2021
2289:from the original on June 1, 2021
2250:from the original on June 1, 2021
2159:from the original on June 1, 2021
2016:from the original on June 1, 2021
1947:"Working Girls in Evening School"
1871:from the original on June 1, 2021
1832:from the original on June 1, 2021
1793:from the original on June 1, 2021
1713:. Chicago Tribune Press Service.
1703:Fisher, John (December 4, 1952).
1679:from the original on June 1, 2021
1533:from the original on June 1, 2021
1493:from the original on June 1, 2021
1413:from the original on June 1, 2021
1160:from the original on June 1, 2021
1118:from the original on June 1, 2021
1078:from the original on June 1, 2021
3550:American people of Dutch descent
3545:American Labor Party politicians
3143:Hague, Amy E. (September 1992).
3015:Rochester Democrat and Chronicle
2355:Mullinax, Gary (March 7, 1999).
2246:. U.S. G.P.O. pp. 522–535.
2213:"U.S. Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 466"
904:American Statistical Association
795:National Recovery Administration
601:Rockefeller coal and steel works
580:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
3530:Activists from New York (state)
3018:. November 3, 1948. p. 3.
2562:Castledine, Jacqueline (2012).
859:— Gertrude Springer writing in
629:National Interracial Conference
607:), the Dutchess Bleachery, and
392:to support social activism and
264:and Robert Boyd van Kleeck, an
3490:People from Kingston, New York
3293:. Cambridge University Press.
2746:. October 18, 1931. p. 42
873:American Civil Liberties Union
410:Women in the Bookbinding Trade
346:New York Child Labor Committee
338:College Settlement Association
1:
3560:American women in World War I
2139:McGuire, John Thomas (2006).
1945:Van Kleeck, Mary (May 1915).
453:Women's City Club of New York
3515:American women statisticians
3495:People from Flushing, Queens
2961:Donohue, William A. (1985).
2243:Handbook of labor statistics
1951:Journal of Political Economy
766:new Roosevelt administration
584:United States Women's Bureau
525:, and as a result President
462:Journal of Political Economy
414:Wages in the Millinery Trade
248:. She died aged 88 in 1972.
203:women entering the workforce
3480:Flushing High School alumni
3387:. New York: Facts on File.
2931:Springer, Gertrude (1897).
2312:. Chichester, West Sussex.
1589:. In Nelson, Daniel (ed.).
1316:. Ablex Pub. Corp. p.
803:Rocky Mountain Fuel Company
663:Central Casting Corporation
649:, the powerful head of the
3591:
3308:Kaufman, Bruce E. (2004).
3287:Hendrickson, Mark (2013).
2178:Hendrickson, Mark (2013).
1393:Hendrickson, Mark (2013).
1185:(1st ed.). New York:
929:Congress of American Women
892:Technology and Livelihood.
758:Women's Trade Union League
457:Women's Trade Union League
354:Alliance Employment Bureau
242:Soviet-American friendship
166:as well as a proponent of
3416:. Yale University Press.
3274:. New York: The Society.
2943:(6): 179–189 – via
2541:10.1017/S0898030600004486
2528:Journal of Policy History
2402:10.2979/FIL.2006.18.2.129
2145:. ABC-CLIO. p. 624.
2010:search.credoreference.com
1744:. Facts On File. p.
609:Filene's Department Store
546:unsafe working conditions
224:, she became a prominent
41:
3379:Reef, Catherine (2007).
3358:O'Connor, Alice (2007).
1812:O'Connor, Alice (2007).
1736:Reef, Catherine (2007).
1068:"Mary van Kleeck papers"
1031:, New York. She was 88.
1010:Margaret Storrs Grierson
984:hearing, March 25, 1953
705:, which she co-led with
665:was born the next year.
406:Artificial Flower Makers
344:She also worked for the
3520:Russell Sage Foundation
3442:Sophia Smith Collection
3156:Smith College Libraries
2855:10.15453/0191-5096.1701
2693:10.15453/0191-5096.2724
2362:Wilmington News Journal
2047:Encyclopedia Britannica
1787:Encyclopedia Britannica
1072:Smith College Libraries
1006:Sophia Smith Collection
826:U.S. Employment Service
791:U.S. Employment Service
715:Lillian Moller Gilbreth
386:Russell Sage Foundation
380:Russell Sage Foundation
299:— Mary van Kleeck, 1900
246:anti-communist movement
191:Russell Sage Foundation
164:American labor movement
126:Russell Sage Foundation
3575:American statisticians
3438:Mary van Kleeck papers
3010:"State Senate Results"
2480:Fisher, Jacob (1980).
2220:World War I Centennial
992:
986:
877:Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
865:
829:
761:
707:Mary (Mikie) Fleddérus
676:
642:
502:
492:
479:School of Philanthropy
424:
311:Van Kleeck studied at
308:
301:
2357:"A Cast of Thousands"
2029:registration required
916:New York State Senate
823:
799:Miners and Management
755:
719:Jacqueline Castledine
637:
625:Secretary of Commerce
603:(in cooperation with
567:, was hired from the
500:
489:for several decades.
422:
306:
234:New York State Senate
168:scientific management
3470:Smith College alumni
3410:Ware, Susan (1989).
3253:. Psychology Press.
3123:United States Senate
2522:Alchon, Guy (1991).
2451:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
1851:Ware, Susan (1989).
1582:Alchon, Guy (1992).
1443:Alchon, Guy (1999).
1308:Alchon, Guy (1999).
920:American Labor Party
687:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
511:War Industries Board
390:Margaret Olivia Sage
286:Flushing High School
238:American Labor Party
156:Mary Abby van Kleeck
137:American Labor Party
55:Mary Abby Van Kleeck
18:Mary Abby Van Kleeck
3565:Socialist feminists
3540:American socialists
2012:. Credo Reference.
937:Mary McLeod Bethune
886:, viewing it as an
811:means of production
531:Department of Labor
475:Columbia University
370:Henry Rogers Seager
366:Columbia University
328:Beginning of career
236:as a member of the
183:settlement movement
3505:American feminists
3383:Working in America
3060:The New York Times
2774:. August 7, 1933.
2771:The New York Times
2640:"Historic Fellows"
2606:The New York Times
2090:on August 16, 2019
1740:Working in America
1523:"van Kleeck, Mary"
1219:Logan, Mrs John A.
980:— Transcript from
959:and questioned by
830:
762:
643:
550:Secretary of Labor
503:
425:
309:
81:Kingston, New York
3423:978-0-300-04621-2
3394:978-1-4381-0814-8
3371:978-1-61044-430-9
3342:978-1-56750-405-7
3321:978-92-2-114153-2
3300:978-1-107-02860-9
3260:978-0-415-93399-5
3231:978-0-691-01749-5
3212:978-0-8142-0567-9
2974:978-1-4128-3844-3
2905:978-0-8014-7122-3
2810:978-0-618-34087-3
2575:978-0-252-03726-9
2319:978-0-470-67115-3
2282:978-1-61044-266-4
2189:978-1-107-34192-0
2152:978-1-85109-770-8
1916:978-0-674-62733-8
1864:978-0-300-04621-2
1825:978-1-61044-430-9
1755:978-1-4381-0814-8
1672:978-0-415-93399-5
1625:diglib.auburn.edu
1406:978-1-107-02860-9
1327:978-1-56750-405-7
1279:978-0-691-01749-5
1153:978-92-2-114153-2
778:economic planning
711:Adelaide Anderson
565:Howard University
471:John P. Mitchel's
449:Eleanor Roosevelt
374:Franklin Giddings
372:and sociologists
258:Glenham, New York
153:
152:
114:Years active
62:Glenham, New York
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1933:mary van kleeck.
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1367:on June 21, 2015
1363:. Archived from
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927:founding of the
924:MacNeil Mitchell
855:
807:Creative America
727:Boston marriages
693:
680:
673:
655:casting industry
563:, a graduate of
542:wage disparities
515:Herman Schneider
436:department. The
350:Consumers League
295:
284:of her class at
278:Charles F. Mayer
222:Great Depression
218:central planning
185:, investigating
160:social scientist
109:Social scientist
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998:
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949:Joseph McCarthy
945:fellow traveler
912:
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596:
594:Interwar career
495:
442:Robert DeForest
398:Florence Kelley
382:
330:
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216:, arguing that
172:planned economy
133:Political party
96:Alma mater
83:
78:
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72:
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58:June 26, 1883
53:
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33:
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19:
3570:Mayer family
3500:YWCA leaders
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3169:February 21,
3167:. Retrieved
3155:
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3094:. Retrieved
3082:
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3013:
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2799:
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2780:. Retrieved
2769:
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2750:February 22,
2748:. Retrieved
2740:TimesMachine
2739:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2683:
2679:
2654:September 5,
2652:. Retrieved
2643:
2634:
2624:September 5,
2622:. Retrieved
2605:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2564:
2531:
2527:
2482:
2460:. Retrieved
2449:
2393:
2390:Film History
2389:
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2360:
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2309:
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2291:. Retrieved
2271:
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2242:
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2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2141:
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2113:
2104:
2094:September 5,
2092:. Retrieved
2088:the original
2083:
2057:September 5,
2055:. Retrieved
2046:
2037:
2018:. Retrieved
2009:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1932:
1927:February 24,
1925:. Retrieved
1900:
1873:. Retrieved
1853:
1846:
1834:. Retrieved
1814:
1807:
1797:September 5,
1795:. Retrieved
1786:
1739:
1731:
1719:. Retrieved
1708:
1681:. Retrieved
1661:
1635:February 23,
1633:. Retrieved
1624:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1590:
1554:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1526:
1495:. Retrieved
1485:
1445:
1415:. Retrieved
1395:
1369:. Retrieved
1365:the original
1360:
1313:
1269:
1232:
1223:
1213:
1181:
1174:
1162:. Retrieved
1142:
1120:. Retrieved
1102:
1080:. Retrieved
1071:
1014:
999:
993:
989:
975:
972:
969:
966:
941:
913:
891:
884:World War II
881:
870:
866:
860:
851:
846:
831:
815:collectivism
806:
798:
788:
781:
763:
734:Soviet Union
731:
700:
695:
685:
683:
677:
669:
647:Will H. Hays
644:
639:Will H. Hays
605:Ben Selekman
597:
575:
573:
539:
504:
477:'s New York
460:
446:
434:
426:
413:
412:(1913), and
409:
405:
383:
343:
341:employers).
331:
310:
291:
255:
207:
176:
155:
154:
75:(1972-06-08)
73:June 8, 1972
29:
3465:1972 deaths
3460:1883 births
3096:November 7,
2985:November 1,
2916:November 1,
2586:November 1,
2293:November 1,
2254:November 1,
2163:November 1,
2114:www.dol.gov
2020:December 3,
1875:November 1,
1836:November 1,
1683:November 1,
1558:. pp.
1497:November 1,
1417:November 1,
1233:van kleeck.
1164:November 1,
1122:November 1,
888:imperialist
863:, June 1934
838:progressive
696:grande dame
561:Helen Irvin
507:World War I
394:Progressive
195:World War I
139:(1948–1956)
128:(1910–1948)
88:Nationality
3454:Categories
2937:The Survey
1957:(5): 528.
1035:References
951:'s Senate
910:Retirement
861:The Survey
760:convention
617:Coolidge's
447:Alongside
430:empiricism
322:Silver Bay
252:Early life
106:Occupation
3403:234178110
3280:228773633
3203:1811/6191
2864:140510770
2710:141669070
2702:0191-5096
2614:0362-4331
2426:145124485
2410:0892-2160
2336:cite book
2328:773301091
2198:852158215
1764:234178110
1112:228773633
1021:Christian
1017:Woodstock
982:US Senate
906:in 1945.
770:socialist
659:Hollywood
645:In 1924,
631:in 1928.
613:Harding's
569:Red Cross
519:U.S. Army
483:Taylorism
358:milliners
266:Episcopal
262:Baltimore
226:left-wing
214:socialist
117:1904–1948
3351:39300048
3240:37806197
3160:Archived
3127:Archived
3087:Archived
3020:Archived
2979:Archived
2910:Archived
2868:Archived
2815:Archived
2776:Archived
2714:Archived
2648:Archived
2618:Archived
2580:Archived
2456:Archived
2367:Archived
2287:Archived
2248:Archived
2224:Archived
2157:Archived
2118:Archived
2051:Archived
2014:Archived
1921:Archived
1869:Archived
1830:Archived
1791:Archived
1789:. 1999.
1715:Archived
1677:Archived
1629:Archived
1604:June 21,
1595:Archived
1537:June 13,
1531:Archived
1491:Archived
1411:Archived
1371:June 21,
1336:39300048
1288:37806197
1221:(1912).
1205:60492309
1158:Archived
1116:Archived
1076:Archived
1029:Kingston
977:America.
961:Roy Cohn
774:New Deal
723:romantic
416:(1914).
408:(1913),
348:and the
274:Brooklyn
230:New Deal
122:Employer
91:American
3440:at the
3182:Sources
3145:""Never
3083:GovInfo
3026:June 1,
2502:5448943
2462:June 1,
2418:3815630
2373:June 1,
1973:1819349
1721:June 1,
1082:May 12,
902:of the
144:Partner
3420:
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3391:
3368:
3349:
3339:
3318:
3297:
3278:
3257:
3238:
3228:
3209:
3147:
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2902:
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2807:
2708:
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2408:
2326:
2316:
2279:
2196:
2186:
2149:
1971:
1913:
1909:–709.
1861:
1822:
1762:
1752:
1669:
1461:
1403:
1334:
1324:
1286:
1276:
1203:
1193:
1150:
1110:
900:Fellow
854:
692:
672:
621:Hoover
619:, and
294:
170:and a
64:, U.S.
3195:(PDF)
3163:(PDF)
3152:(PDF)
3130:(PDF)
3119:(PDF)
3090:(PDF)
3079:(PDF)
2860:S2CID
2706:S2CID
2422:S2CID
2414:JSTOR
2227:(PDF)
2216:(PDF)
1969:JSTOR
1598:(PDF)
1587:(PDF)
1562:–383.
3418:ISBN
3399:OCLC
3389:ISBN
3366:ISBN
3347:OCLC
3337:ISBN
3316:ISBN
3295:ISBN
3276:OCLC
3255:ISBN
3236:OCLC
3226:ISBN
3207:ISBN
3171:2022
3098:2019
3028:2021
2987:2020
2969:ISBN
2918:2020
2900:ISBN
2876:2019
2823:2019
2805:ISBN
2784:2019
2752:2022
2722:2019
2698:ISSN
2656:2019
2626:2019
2610:ISSN
2588:2020
2570:ISBN
2498:OCLC
2488:ISBN
2464:2021
2406:ISSN
2375:2021
2342:link
2324:OCLC
2314:ISBN
2295:2020
2277:ISBN
2256:2020
2194:OCLC
2184:ISBN
2165:2020
2147:ISBN
2126:2019
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