129:(February 25, 1868 - March 27, 1915) was an American detective who became an early advocate for fingerprint identification in criminal investigations. She was one of the expert witnesses in the first case in which a criminal was convicted by fingerprint evidence in the United States. She "single-handedly was responsible for the accelerated acceptance of the Henry system" for classifying fingerprints in the United States. She was once called "the most noted woman criminologist in the world."
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She became an advocate for forensic fingerprint identification and began training local police departments around the U.S. to use it. According to
Hawthorne she was the "strongest proponent" of the Henry system against some rivals, and was responsible for its general acceptance throughout the U.S.
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in
Chicago, Holland was one of several experts called to verify the fingerprint evidence used to convict the accused. The conviction, upheld on appeal, was the first time fingerprint evidence was used to convict a suspect in the United States. Jennings was executed on February 16, 1912.
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in
Chicago. As a private detective she sometimes consulted on cases with the Chicago police. In one dramatic case, she was hired to assist in a lease dispute and she ended up in a gunfight over possession of a saloon.
156:, a magazine for law enforcement professionals that ran photos of wanted criminals and cataloged criminological supplies. Mary was the co-editor. When the magazine became successful they moved their offices to
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while in the military, and became an admirer of his work. He collected detective books, which Mary would read, sparking her interest in detective work.
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There is no work a man does that a woman cannot do just as well. My belief in my sex, its brain and ability is strong and deep-rooted.
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242:, who had a system of identifying suspects by measurements and classification of mugshots. Holland became the American agent for the
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195:. Mary Holland met Ferrier there and attended classes with him for seven and a half months. She also travelled to
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141:, the daughter of Elias Daniel Troxel and Sarah Troxel (nee Miller). Her father, a Methodist Minister, had met
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Mary
Holland died on March 27, 1915 at age 47. She died of pneumonia following a surgery. She was buried at
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Cole, Simon A. (1998). "Witnessing
Identification: Latent Fingerprinting Evidence and Expert Knowledge".
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for further training and there she passed proficiency tests administered by
Scotland Yard.
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798:. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. pp. 132, 191, 263.
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Women in Blue : 16 Brave
Officers, Forensics Experts, Police Chiefs, and More
484:(5). Southern California Association of Fingerprint Officers: 1, 2. Archived from
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187:'s jewels. He also had an exhibit and taught classes regarding the then-novel
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Mary Troxel married Philip
Cosmore Holland in 1888. Beginning in the 1880s in
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Pistols and
Petticoats: 175 Years of Lady Detectives in Fact and Fiction
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Mary
Holland also ran the Holland Detective Agency with offices in the
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and trained others on it and sold it to local police departments.
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Silent Mystery and Detective Movies: A Comprehensive Filmography
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Madelyn Mack was the main character in two silent films by the
835:"Who was the inspiration behind Miss Madelyn Mack, Detective?"
692:"The First Criminal Trial That Used Fingerprints as Evidence"
266:" Miss Madelyn Mack in a series of stories by Hugh C. Weir.
474:"Mary E. Holland - America's First Fingerprint Instructor"
513:"Criminals Have Little Love For This Remarkable Woman"
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839:UNCG Special Collections & University Archives
404:. Pomona, California. April 13, 1915. p. 3
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137:Mary E. Troxel was born February 25, 1868, in
112:Early advocate of fingerprint evidence in U.S.
588:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 66.
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521:. Detroit, Michigan. June 3, 1908. p. 7
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398:"Noted Woman Detective, Mrs. Holland, Dies"
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206:In 1906 Holland trained personnel from the
843:University of North Carolina at Greensboro
722:"Mrs. Mary Holland, Noted Detective, Dies"
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183:as part of the security for an exhibit of
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19:For other people named Mary Holland, see
624:. Ottawa, Kansas. May 3, 1912. p. 8
308:Fingerprints: Analysis and Understanding
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690:Uenuma, Francine (December 5, 2018).
262:Holland was the inspiration for the "
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550:. Boston: Beacon Press. p. 82.
428:"Women Who Have Won Out in Business"
277:. Both films are now believed to be
618:"Armed Women Hold A Chicago Saloon"
849:from the original on June 29, 2020
14:
472:Bradford, Russell R. (May 1993).
426:Stephen, Isabel (March 2, 1913).
311:. CRC Press. pp. 8, 10, 13.
702:from the original on May 2, 2020
1:
371:. October 9, 1909. p. 10
21:Mary Holland (disambiguation)
894:American forensic scientists
762:. Boston: The Page Company.
759:Miss Madelyn Mack, Detective
730:. March 31, 1915. p. 17
230:In the 1910 murder trial of
582:Mullenbach, Cheryl (2016).
412:– via newspapers.com.
361:"Scientific Identification"
238:Holland also studied under
189:Henry Classification System
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661:10.1177/030631298028005002
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899:Women forensic scientists
823:– via Google Books.
649:Social Studies of Science
606:– via Google Books.
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884:People from Vinton, Iowa
305:Hawthorne, Mark (2008).
171:Sgt. John K. Ferrier of
152:, Mr. Holland published
792:Wlaschin, Ken (2009).
756:Weir, Hugh C. (1914).
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120:Philip Cosmore Holland
904:Private investigators
544:Janik, Erika (2016).
740:newspaperarchive.com
889:People from Chicago
845:. August 19, 2015.
488:on January 22, 2017
251:Mount Hope Cemetery
622:The Evening Herald
518:Detroit Free Press
369:Cedar Rapids, Iowa
240:Alphonse Bertillon
222:Detroit Free Press
150:Cedar Rapids, Iowa
16:American detective
318:978-1-4200-6864-1
219:Mary E. Holland,
177:1904 World's Fair
165:Schiller Building
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101:Years active
84:Chicago, Illinois
62:February 25, 1868
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486:the original
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436:. p. 36
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406:. Retrieved
402:Daily Review
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379:– via
373:. Retrieved
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338:Google Books
336:– via
330:. Retrieved
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253:in Chicago.
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193:fingerprints
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78:(1915-03-27)
879:1915 deaths
874:1868 births
696:Smithsonian
365:The Gazette
275:Alice Joyce
104:1904 - 1915
868:Categories
768:1130265292
734:August 11,
440:August 11,
408:August 11,
327:7349965510
286:References
91:Occupation
58:1868-02-25
814:298304604
677:144396685
604:920683298
566:920817633
478:The Print
208:U.S. Navy
181:St. Louis
133:Biography
95:Detective
853:June 28,
847:Archived
819:June 29,
773:June 28,
706:June 28,
700:Archived
628:June 29,
525:June 28,
492:June 28,
375:June 28,
332:June 28,
217:—
158:Chicago
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225:, 1908
197:London
117:Spouse
673:S2CID
665:JSTOR
855:2020
821:2020
810:OCLC
800:ISBN
775:2020
764:OCLC
736:2020
708:2020
630:2020
600:OCLC
590:ISBN
562:OCLC
552:ISBN
527:2020
494:2020
442:2020
410:2020
377:2020
334:2020
323:OCLC
313:ISBN
279:lost
191:for
73:Died
48:Born
657:doi
179:in
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