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529:, Thomas was among the volunteers who brought supplies to Indiana soldiers serving at Vicksburg, Mississippi. She returned north aboard a steamboat with 200 sick and wounded soldiers including 47 of them who were under her direct care. In addition to her service at Vicksburg, Thomas nursed wounded soldiers at hospitals in Washington, D.C.; Nashville, Tennessee; and Natchez, Mississippi. In 1864, Thomas was appointed superintendent and served for eight months at a hospital for war refugees and freed slaves in Nashville as assistant physician with her husband, who was the hospital's surgeon. Two of the Thomases daughters, Paulina and Julia, served as teachers for the refugees. After the
417:, Elizabeth Wright, and Mary Birdsall served as her vice presidents. In her opening remarks Thomas stated "that while we were still deprived of many rights and privileges, we had accomplished a great work for we now occupied a position much in advance of what we did a few years ago". She also explained, "By my example, as well as my words, I have tried to teach women to be more self-reliant, and to prepare themselves for larger and more varied spheres of activity” and continued to do so for the remainder of her life.
546:
appearances before joint sessions of the
Indiana General Assembly. On January 3, 1877, Thomas and women's rights activist Zerelda Wallace, the wife for former Indiana governor David Wallace, addressed the state legislature in support of a women's suffrage resolution, but the measure was defeated by a vote of 51 to 22. Thomas and other women's suffrage supporters also spoke before a joint session of the state legislature on February 24, 1879, but the state legislature took no action on the issue.
42:
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against women should be eradicated, woman's rights were also universal rights, equal opportunities were for everyone, and that men should help the movement but not lead it since this was a woman's movement. Thomas and her husband were among the thirty-two original signers of the assoction's constitution
October 13, 1852. Other notable signers include
589:"alert to all injustice suffered by women under the law, and energetic in her efforts to secure a remedy. Though not a lobbyist in any sense of the term, her influence and work aided materially in bringing about better legislation in Indiana for women and children." According to an obituary published in 1889 in the
513:, women's public roles were expanded out of necessity as men joined the military. Some women organized events to raise funds to aid soldiers' families, ran family businesses and farms, or volunteered as nurses to help care for wounded soldiers. Thomas was active in these efforts. In March 1862, Indiana Governor
588:
Thomas is remembered as a pioneer woman physician, for her work as a temperance advocate and an abolitionist, her leadership in the women's suffrage movement, and her service to the
Indiana Women's Suffrage Association. As a “champion of the oppressed”, especially women and children in need, she was
556:
In 1875, about twenty years after Thomas had moved to
Richmond, she was elected to the Wayne County Medical Society. (Earlier, while practicing medicine in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the Allen County Medical Society twice rejected Thomas's election into its membership, which some sources conclude was most
478:
when it met to hear a petition for women's rights. Thomas became the first woman to present a petition before the state legislature. The
Indiana Women's Rights Association’s petition, which included more than one thousand signatures, called for passage of laws to provide property rights for married
521:
to help raise funds and gather supplies for troops in the field. Thomas initially worked in
Richmond, Indiana, for a year gathering supplies for the war effort. Beginning in January 1863, Governor Morton and the Indiana Sanitary Commission enlisted the aid of women, including Thomas, to help carry
392:
During the
Indiana Woman's Rights Association's fourth annual meeting in 1855, Thomas was elected as one of the vice presidents of the organization for the following year. At the fifth annual meeting in October 1856, when she served as vice president to Amanda M. Way with fellow vice presidents
368:
in 1869.) The association's constitution proclaims as the basis for women's equality "a undeniable and self-evident truth" that God created "every one of his creatures 'free and inalienable rights.'" Resolutions incorporated within the initial constitution also point out that discriminatory laws
335:
in
Cleveland, Ohio, from 1852 to 1853; and returned to graduate from Penn's Medical College in 1854. She was one of the first women to earn a medical degree in the country. In Penn's Medical College for Women catalog of 1860, Thomas is listed as having graduated in 1854 as a "lady graduate" and
545:
Thomas continued to dedicating her life to medicine in her later years and remained an advocate for women's rights. In addition to her service as president of the
Indiana Women's Suffrage Association and a one-year term as president of the American Woman Suffrage Association, she made other
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Mary and Owen Thomas had three daughters. Their oldest daughter died young; their middle daughter, Paulina (Thomas) Heald, later lived at
Hartford, Michigan; their youngest daughter, Julia (Thomas) Irvine, graduated from Cornell University and became a teacher in New York.
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Various contemporary accounts of the event reported different descriptions of the atmosphere in the statehouse as the women spoke. Some reports described the men in the crowd as "rough, outspoken and boisterous"; other accounts indicated that everyone listened "politely."
553:. The Richmond facility had a similar mission to the Indianapolis Home for Friendless Women, which was established in the 1860s "for the aid and improvement of abandoned women." Thomas served as a physician at the Richmond home from 1875 until her death in 1888.
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in 1833 when Mary was a teen to escape the pro-slavery atmosphere in Washington, D. C. The Meyers siblings, which include Mary, her two sisters and one brother, helped their parents work the Ohio farm. Samuel Meyers tutored his children in the evenings.
331:. She planned for her departure several months in advance, which included preparing her home and sewing clothing for Paulina, her only child at that time. Thomas studied at Penn's Medical College for Women in 1851 and 1852; took additional courses at
319:, Thomas began attending lectures with her husband on medicine. At the time when Thomas made the decision to become a physician, it was rare for women to pursue a career in medicine. In addition to practicing medicine and advocating for
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483:. Thomas presented the petition usng logical arguments and strongly advocated for equal rights after pleading with the assembly to listen respectfully. Birdsall spoke after Thomas and called for
585:, the Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association, and the Richmond, Indiana, Home for Friendless Women, and two African-American women to represent all races and the struggle for rights for all.
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deliver an address on women's rights. Several sources indicate that this speech inspired Thomas to become an advocate for women. After hearing Mott speak, Thomas became active in the
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597:, and beloved physician indeed to the poor." An Indiana State Historical Marker commemorating Dr. Mary F. Thomas was dedicated in Richmond, Indiana, in 2023.
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Thomas died in Richmond, Indiana, on August 19, 1888. In her final wishes she requested that her six pall bearers be women: four white women to represent the
1319:
438:, temporarily filling in for her fellow suffragist and Indiana Woman's Rights Association vice president Mary Birdsall, who had purchased the magazine from
405:, Thomas was elected as the president of the association for the next year's meeting. In 1857, Thomas presided over the association's meeting as president.
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Owen Thomas was supportive of his wife's ambitions to become a doctor, seen through his appointing her as his assistant physician, as well as her work as a
578:
774:
812:, while others describe the location as Columbiana, Ohio. See: Adkinson, pp. 1–2. Also: "Dr. Mary F. Thomas (1816–1888)", Morrisson-Reeves Library, and
87:
188:. At the national level she served a one-year term as president of the American Woman Suffrage Association. In the mid-1850s, she was a coeditor of
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Thomas served the city physician of Richmond, Indiana, and on its Board of Public Health. In addition, she was one of the founders of Richmond's
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565:. Thomas also became the AMA's second female member. Between 1880 and 1887 several of her essays on medical topics were published in the
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336:"ovarian dropsy" listed as her specialty. After completing her medical training, Thomas returned to Indiana to practice medicine in
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1049:. Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology and the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
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184:, calling for passage of laws to provide property rights for married women and a women's suffrage amendment to the
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debates. Quakers in the 19th century in Indiana and around the country were active in criminal justice reform and
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428:, "devoted to the interests of women." It was published in Peru, Indiana, by Lizzie Bunnell and Mary F. Thomas.
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340:. In 1856 she and her family moved to Richmond, Indiana, which was her home for the remainder of her life.
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and a founding member of the Woman's Rights Association of Indiana (established in 1852 and renamed the
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On January 19, 1859, Thomas, Mary Birdsall, and Agnes Cook addressed a special joint session of the
1044:"Register of Historic Places – Sample Nomination Form – Mary Birdsall House, Wayne County, Indiana"
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977:. Vol. III (Reprint ed.). Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishing. p. 534.
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in 1854 and was publishing it in Richmond, Indiana. The magazine focused on issues ranging from
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978:
859:
858:. Vol. I (Reprint ed.). Salem, New Hampshire: Ayer Company Publishing. p. 314.
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154:
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135:
1102:"A Public "Jollification": The 1859 Women's Rights Petition before the Indiana Legislature"
561:. In 1877 she was the first woman to represent the state organization as a delegate to the
153:
Myers; 1816–1888) was a pioneer American woman physician, abolitionist, and temperance and
767:"This Day in Indiana History - August 19, 1888 - Mary F. Thomas Dies - Richmond Physician"
593:, "she was always deeply interested in the care of the helpless and needy, -- a veritable
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Beginning in March 1857, Thomas became a coeditor of a national woman's magazine called
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While the family was living in the nation's capital, Mary's father took her to observe
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1200:(6). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Friends' Intelligencer Association. February 9, 1889
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Because the Meyers family believed slavery to be morally wrong, they moved to rural
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in 1869), serving as a vice president and president of the Indiana organization.
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likely due to her sex). In 1876 Thomas became the first female member of the
491:. Despite their efforts, the state legislature to no action on the petition.
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364:, and in 1852 joined the Woman's Rights Association of Indiana (renamed the
323:, Thomas decided to take formal medical courses beginning in 1851 at the
27:
American physician, abolitionist and temperance and women's rights leader
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158:
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leader who advocated for women, as well as those in need. Born into a
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In 1859, she became the first woman to present a petition before the
797:
Ladylike Reformers: Indiana Women and Progressive Reform 1900-1920
419:
307:'s constitution, he signed the document directly after his wife.
272:
224:. Her father, a farmer and an abolitionist, was an associate of
162:
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who also became a physician. They married in 1839 and moved to
901:
Lucy Jane King, M.D. (Fall 2013). "Pioneering Women Doctors".
1076:"A Public 'Jollification': The 1859 Women's Rights Petition"
1028:"Amelia Bloomer - Women's Rights National Historical Park"
973:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, ed. (1985).
854:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, ed. (1985).
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with Lizzie Bunnell. Thomas also contributed articles to
1146:"She Went to War: Indiana Women Nurses in the Civil War"
1030:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
817:
Indiana's 200: The People Who Shaped the Hoosier State
458:. In 1858 and 1859 Thomas was associate editor of the
228:
and helped organize the first anti-slavery society in
292:, where the couple began studying medicine together.
1009:
1007:
814:Linda C. Gugin and James E. St. Clair, ed. (2015).
522:supplies to the front line and to serve as nurses.
216:Mary Frame Meyers was born on October 28, 1816, in
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909:(2). Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society: 6.
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799:. Diss. Indiana U, 1985. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
487:; Cook concluded the remarks with an appeal for
284:While living in Ohio, Meyers met Owen Thomas, a
820:. Indiana Historical Society. pp. 348–49.
220:, to Samuel and Mary Meyers, both of whom were
808:Sources indicate the farm’s location was near
680:. Indiana Commission for Women. Archived from
537:, where they continued their social activism.
479:women and a women's suffrage amendment to the
470:First address to the Indiana state legislature
46:Photograph of Dr. Mary F. Thomas, unknown date
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169:. Thomas was an active member of the women's
8:
887:Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association. 1851.
626:Florence M. Adkinson (September 29, 1888).
525:During the summer of 1863, just after the
40:
29:
1156:(1). Bloomington: Indiana University: 1–2
567:Transactions of the State Medical Society
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252:. Other notable white abolitionists and
202:with Lizzie Bunnel and a contributor to
1078:. Indiana Public Media. August 22, 2011
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325:Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania
198:, and later an associate editor of the
327:(Penn's Medical College for Women) in
1360:American women civil rights activists
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1100:Pat Creech Scholten (December 1976).
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903:The Hoosier Genealogist: Connections
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366:Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association
305:Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association
175:Indiana Woman's Suffrage Association
736:Morrisson-Reeves Library Local Home
1194:Friends' Intelligencer and Journal
949:"Pioneer Women Doctors in Indiana"
591:Friends' Intelligencer and Journal
583:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
111:Woman's rights advocate, physician
25:
1325:American women's rights activists
1144:Peggy Brase Seigel (March 1990).
773:. August 19, 2016. Archived from
505:Indiana in the American Civil War
1239:. Families First. Archived from
732:"Dr. Mary F. Thomas (1816–1888)"
638:(39). Boston, Massachusetts: 1–2
348:In 1845, when Thomas attended a
256:who had Quaker backgrounds were
88:Penn's Medical College for Women
1320:Indiana Women's Rights Movement
1276:"Dr. Mary F. Thomas, 1816-1888"
343:
333:Western Reserve Medical College
93:Western Reserve Medical College
62:Montgomery County, Maryland, US
1042:David Duvall (July 21, 1997).
165:and spent most of her life in
119:Dr. Owen Thomas (m. July 1839)
1:
1335:American temperance activists
559:Indiana State Medical Society
563:American Medical Association
90:(1851-1852; graduated 1854),
1218:Stanton and Anthony, eds.,
1150:Indiana Magazine of History
1130:Stanton and Anthony, eds.,
1106:Indiana Magazine of History
1013:Stanton and Anthony, eds.,
1001:, v. I, pp. 306 and 827–28.
997:Stanton and Anthony, eds.,
928:Gugin and St. Clair, eds.,
519:Indiana Sanitary Commission
424:November 15, 1861 issue of
303:. In the 1851 draft of the
218:Montgomery County, Maryland
1376:
738:. Morrisson-Reeves Library
502:
499:American Civil War service
466:, among other newspapers.
1220:History of Woman Suffrage
1208:– via Google Books.
1132:History of Woman Suffrage
1015:History of Woman Suffrage
999:History of Woman Suffrage
975:History of Woman Suffrage
947:bhypes (March 26, 2012).
856:History of Woman Suffrage
551:Home for Friendless Women
258:Sarah and Angelina Grimké
39:
1315:Suffragists from Indiana
1237:familiesfirstindiana.org
476:Indiana General Assembly
182:Indiana General Assembly
671:"Dr. Mary Frame Thomas"
628:"The 'Mother of Women'"
344:Women's rights activist
311:Pioneer woman physician
161:family, she grew up in
18:Mary Frame Myers Thomas
1330:American abolitionists
429:
317:Wabash County, Indiana
290:Wabash County, Indiana
1222:, v. III, pp. 539–40.
795:Springer, Barbara A.
423:
350:Quaker yearly meeting
240:movements, including
78:Richmond, Indiana, US
1345:Quaker abolitionists
1243:on February 14, 2017
1190:"Dr. Mary F. Thomas"
481:Indiana Constitution
186:Indiana Constitution
1134:, v. I, pp. 308–09.
1017:, v. I, pp. 307–08.
771:My trending stories
527:Battle of Vicksburg
280:Marriage and family
1355:American feminists
1274:IHB (2023-09-14).
511:American Civil War
430:
315:While residing in
145:Mary Frame Thomas
687:on March 27, 2019
678:Writing Her Story
535:Richmond, Indiana
403:M. Collins Gordon
362:suffrage movement
171:suffrage movement
142:
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56:Mary Frame Meyers
34:Mary Frame Thomas
16:(Redirected from
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1340:American Quakers
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517:established the
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485:women's suffrage
395:Melissa J. Diggs
375:Mary B. Birdsall
266:Mary B. Birdsall
250:women's suffrage
230:Washington, D.C.
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136:Hannah Longshore
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456:femme coverture
407:Sarah Underhill
399:Hannah J. Small
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262:Rhoda M. Coffin
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1305:1816 births
1264:King, p. 7.
889:Record book
509:During the
383:Henry Hiatt
354:Salem, Ohio
254:suffragists
95:(1852-1853)
1299:Categories
1285:2023-11-02
1112:(4): 348.
1040:See also:
984:040500110X
953:spydersden
865:0405001088
601:References
541:Later life
503:See also:
489:temperance
444:temperance
411:Emily Neff
387:Agnes Cook
371:Amanda Way
338:Fort Wayne
301:suffragist
242:temperance
212:Early life
100:Occupation
1247:March 13,
1204:March 13,
1118:1942-9711
1053:March 13,
1034:March 13,
691:March 11,
642:March 11,
531:Civil War
460:Mayflower
246:abolition
200:Mayflower
132:Relatives
103:Physician
84:Education
1160:March 9,
742:March 7,
435:The Lily
195:The Lily
138:(sister)
124:Children
222:Quakers
167:Indiana
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581:, the
401:, and
385:, and
286:Quaker
264:, and
248:, and
159:Quaker
116:Spouse
1047:(PDF)
685:(PDF)
674:(PDF)
379:Fanny
1249:2019
1206:2019
1162:2019
1114:ISSN
1084:2016
1055:2019
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979:ISBN
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744:2019
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454:and
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