493:
160:
321:
194:ʿAbdallāh announces his purpose to Muḥammad, "to enquire of you the explanation of matters which are not clear to us from our own law." Convinced of their sincerity, Muḥammad permits the Jews to ask as many questions as they like, whereupon ʿAbdallāh produces "one hundred principal questions which had been carefully chosen." The exact number of questions asked is unclear, since some are clearly intended only as followups.
30:
477:
600:
In western Europe, it was seen "as a supplement to, or commentary on, the Qurʾān". It was commonly regarded as an authoritative text second only to the Qurʾān. Although the work was widely copied and quoted in Arabic, it was never a highly regarded text among
Islamic theologians. In twentieth-century
300:
and engage in sexual intercourse, since "if any kind of pleasure were missing, beatitude would not be complete.". The final question posed by ʿAbdallāh is, "What will become of death?" Muḥammad answers that "death will be changed into a ram", that "the people of heaven, for fear of death, will plot
201:
is a rambling work. The questions posed by ʿAbdallāh range across various fields well beyond theology. The first question is, "Are you a prophet or a messenger ?" Muḥammad answers that he is both. Asked about prior prophets, Muḥammad claims that they all proclaimed the same "law and faith". True
462:
is quoted to help make sense of
Islamic customs. Thus, because of the Latin edition, Christians from the North Sea and Muslims from the Banda Sea could make use of the same text for a basic understanding of Islam in the early modern period.
605:
advised against reading it. Nevertheless, it "came to be regarded as a catechism of
Islamic belief" among Muslims in insular southeast Asia. Steven Wasserstrom labelled it "a popular mini-encyclopedia of Islamic cosmology and doxology".
301:
its destruction; the people of hell, in the hope of dying, will desire it to survive" and that in the ensuing battle the ram (death) will be killed between heaven and hell. After this, ʿAbdallāh announces his conversion and recites the
336:
is an apocryphal work, a late development of the ʿAbdallāh legend, "amplified dramatically" and not an authentic record of actual discussions. It ultimately derives from Jewish sources and was probably composed by a "Jewish renegade".
580:. Like some later Arabic versions, it gives the number of questions as 1,404. The Malay version, on the other hand, was translated from Persian. It is known from over thirty manuscripts and goes by variations of the title
400:
from 1143. This survives in one manuscript of the twelfth century and in many of the thirteen and fourteenth. It provides indirect testimony of an early Arabic version. The Latin translation, entitled
1253:
De la Cruz Palma, Óscar; Ferrero Hernández, Cándida (2011). "Hermann of
Carinthia". In David Thomas; Alex Mallett; Juan Pedro Monferrer Sala; Johannes Pahlitzsch; Mark Swanson; Herman Teule;
270:
293:
492:
509:
was translated into
Persian by the sixteenth century. There are several additions found in the Persian text. It was in Persian that it first became known as the
1534:
266:
1231:
576:
by 1711. It was translated into
Javanese by the late seventeenth or early eighteenth century, probably from Arabic. Its Javanese title is
159:
1308:
332:
was probably written in the tenth century. Although ʿAbdallāh was a historical Jewish convert to Islam from the time of Muḥammad, the
258:
1473:
Ricci, Ronit (2009b). "Saving Tamil
Muslims from the Torments of Hell: Vannapparimalappulavar's Book of One Thousand Questions". In
1391:
Ricci, Ronit (2008). "A Jew on Java, a Model Malay Rabbi and a Tamil Torah
Scholar: Representations of Abdullah Ibnu Salam in the
1200:
277:. These are often scriptural, e.g., "What land did the sun see once, but will never again see to the end of time?" The answer is
1320:
1384:
Translating
Conversion in South and Southeast Asia: The Islamic Book of One Thousand Questions in Javanese, Tamil and Malay
1192:
The
Religious Polemics of the Muslims of Late Medieval Christian Iberia Identity and Religious Authority in Mudejar Islam
66:
1183:
Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (Doctrina Mahumet): Kritische Edition des arabischen Textes mit Einleitung und Übersetzung
444:
1337:
1217:
413:
1208:
1316:
618:
381:
541:
in 1572. It was based on a Persian version and is the earliest Muslim work in Tamil that survives complete.
368:. The earliest manuscript of the former type dates to the fifteenth century, while the earliest copy of the
1539:
627:
545:
448:
278:
254:
183:, Muḥammad receives advanced warning of the approach of ʿAbdallāh and his three companions from the angel
1495:
Ricci, Ronit (2014). "Islamic Literary Networks in South and Southeast Asia". In David Damrosch (ed.).
585:
397:
433:
405:
320:
109:
416:. The Latin version was first printed as part of the Corpus in 1543. It was later translated into
1474:
1461:
1422:
1292:
565:
453:
409:
273:. Muḥammad quotes the Qurʾān seventeen times in support of his answers. ʿAbdallāh tests him with
133:
537:, that was translated by Vaṇṇapparimaḷappulavar and published in a ceremony at the court of the
345:
1488:
Islam Translated: Literature, Conversion, and the Arabic Cosmopolis of South and Southeast Asia
179:. The Jews therefore send ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām to ascertain if Muḥammad is indeed a prophet. In
1347:
1227:
622:
610:
602:
557:
553:
125:
121:
349:
1451:
1412:
1404:
1282:
639:
429:
137:
105:
81:
17:
1244:(2014). "Introduction: World Literature in Theory and Practice". In David Damrosch (ed.).
614:
425:
421:
250:
101:
97:
386:
The Errors of Mohammedanism Exposed: or, A Dialogue Between the Arabian Prophet and a Jew
365:
498:
Guillaume Pijper published a study of the Malay version with a Dutch translation in 1924
1514:
1363:
1359:
1332:
1324:
1304:
1266:
1241:
1212:
1204:
561:
538:
530:
476:
417:
274:
235:
231:
227:
215:
129:
117:
93:
29:
1528:
1426:
1328:
1312:
1254:
609:
The Latin translation was influential in Europe. It was used as a source on Islam by
242:
73:, with neither the questions nor the answers attributable to the named protagonists.
58:
1047:
1045:
589:
207:
483:
262:
153:
89:
1456:
1435:
1408:
1287:
1270:
303:
1351:
188:
289:
70:
1506:
Dutch Colonialism and Indonesian Islam: Contacts and Conflicts, 1596–1950
440:
246:
1465:
1296:
191:
to meet them and greet them by name. His foreknowledge impresses them.
184:
172:
164:
1417:
408:
as part of a body of Islamic translations for Christian scholars, the
163:
A sixteenth-century copy of the Latin version, with space for a large
203:
180:
50:
1174:
The Latin Qur'an, 1143–1500: Translation, Transition, Interpretation
360:
circulated as a standalone work, but was also incorporated into the
76:
Originally composed in the tenth century and widely translated, the
1516:
Between Muslim and Jew: The Problem of Symbiosis under Early Islam
396:
Earlier than the surviving Arabic texts is a Latin translation by
377:
319:
297:
223:
219:
176:
158:
85:
54:
28:
1135:
1051:
974:
919:
152:
consists of a series of questions and answers within a fictional
573:
518:
206:. He refers to the written revelation he received from God, the
113:
62:
33:
Start of the Latin translation in a twelfth-century manuscript
1271:"Javanese Versions of the 'Questions of ʿAbdallah b. Salam'"
701:, p. 90 n82, counts 125 questions in the Latin version.
1261:. Vol. 3 (1050–1200). Leiden: Brill. pp. 497–507.
529:
and was popular in the nineteenth century. There is also a
214:('separation') because it came to him in parts, unlike the
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
658:
656:
654:
372:
is from the sixteenth. The first printed edition of the
241:
Subsequent theological questions concern the Torah, the
92:
one by the sixteenth. From Latin it was translated into
43:('Questions of ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām'), also known as the
171:
Muḥammad has sent a letter to the Jews of the oasis of
1032:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1013:
1011:
942:
940:
891:
889:
887:
874:
872:
1508:. Translated by Jan Steenbrink; Henry Jansen. Rodopi.
1259:
Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History
1172:". In Cándida Ferrero Hernández; John Tolan (eds.).
120:. From the Arabic, translations were also made into
380:in 1867. An English translation from the Arabic by
292:is the centre of the world. In Heaven, the blessed
1168:Cecini, Ulisse (2021a). "Qurʾan Quotations in the
1386:(Doctoral dissertation). University of Michigan.
689:, p. 90. Quotations from the Latin edition.
1481:. Princeton University Press. pp. 190–200.
1005:(thousand) often meant merely "a great number".
88:version appeared in the twelfth century and a
1136:De la Cruz Palma & Ferrero Hernández 2011
1052:De la Cruz Palma & Ferrero Hernández 2011
975:De la Cruz Palma & Ferrero Hernández 2011
920:De la Cruz Palma & Ferrero Hernández 2011
8:
1444:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1275:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
1123:
839:
324:A fifteenth-century copy of the Arabic text
1499:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 437–459.
1338:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1218:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
962:
770:, p. 320, based on the Latin edition.
1455:
1416:
1286:
1226:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 636–639.
1147:
1111:
1075:
907:
851:
815:
803:
791:
779:
755:
743:
731:
698:
686:
662:
226:, which were revealed, respectively, to
1248:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 1–12.
931:
827:
767:
719:
674:
650:
863:
638:is sometimes treated as an example of
1436:"Conversion to Islam on Java and the
1151:
1099:
1087:
1063:
1036:
1019:
1001:, p. 39, notes that the Persian
998:
986:
958:
946:
895:
878:
249:(including their respective levels),
202:faith is required for admission into
61:'s answers to questions posed by the
7:
1397:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
384:was printed in 1847 under the title
1373:Pijper, Guillaume Frédéric (1924).
1346:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 51.
1190:Colominas Aparicio, Mònica (2018).
1535:10th-century Arabic-language books
25:
414:a Latin translation of the Qurʾān
491:
475:
443:based on the 1598 expedition of
80:is today regarded as a piece of
1513:Wasserstrom, Steven M. (1995).
1479:Islam in South Asia in Practice
1176:. De Gruyter. pp. 337–348.
175:requesting their conversion to
1490:. University of Chicago Press.
1438:Book of One Thousand Questions
1393:Book of One Thousand Questions
515:Book of Twenty-Eight Questions
511:Book of One Thousand Questions
340:The earliest reference to the
257:. There is an exchange on the
46:Book of One Thousand Questions
1:
1519:. Princeton University Press.
1504:Steenbrink, Karel A. (1993).
1368:. Princeton University Press.
1365:Peter the Venerable and Islam
1181:Cecini, Ulisse, ed. (2021b).
525:(One Thousand Questions) and
344:dates to 963 and is found in
404:, was commissioned by Abbot
354:Annals of Apostles and Kings
261:1–100. Other topics include
1375:Het boek der duizend vragen
505:In South India, the Arabic
445:Jacob Corneliszoon van Neck
279:"the bottom of the Red Sea"
259:significance of the numbers
245:, the nature of Heaven and
40:Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām
18:Masāʾil ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām
1556:
1497:World Literature in Theory
1246:World Literature in Theory
348:'s Persian translation of
49:among other titles, is an
1457:10.1163/22134379-90003641
1409:10.1017/S135618630800864X
1288:10.1163/22134379-90003361
1170:Liber de Doctrina Mahumet
517:. It was translated into
460:Liber de doctrina Mahumet
402:Liber de doctrina Mahumet
69:. The work is considered
619:Dionysius the Carthusian
584:('thousand questions').
439:In a description of the
288:has Muḥammad claim that
243:creation of Adam and Eve
1434:Ricci, Ronit (2009a).
628:Theophrastus redivivus
625:and the author of the
572:seems to have reached
546:Indonesian archipelago
412:, which also includes
325:
168:
34:
1486:Ricci, Ronit (2011).
1382:Ricci, Ronit (2006).
1309:"ʿAbd Allāh b. Salām"
1199:Daiber, Hans (1991).
1150:, p. 10, citing
961:, p. 38, citing
323:
294:will not consume pork
187:. He therefore sends
162:
32:
1201:"Masāʾil wa-adjwiba"
601:India, the reformer
552:was translated into
449:Wybrand van Warwijck
398:Hermann of Carinthia
167:that was never added
112:; from Persian into
1138:, pp. 504–505.
934:, pp. 317–318.
842:, pp. 175–178.
677:, pp. 318–319.
406:Peter the Venerable
67:ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām
1475:Barbara D. Metcalf
1321:Lévi-Provençal, E.
486:on paper from 1827
410:Corpus Cluniacense
326:
169:
35:
1233:978-90-04-08112-3
1114:, pp. 89–90.
1102:, pp. 37–38.
1078:, p. 89 n75.
1066:, pp. 35–36.
989:, pp. 38–39.
965:, pp. 31–33.
758:, pp. 91–92.
734:, pp. 90–91.
623:Ludovico Marracci
611:Alfonso de Espina
603:Ashraf Ali Thanwi
586:François Valentyn
521:under the titles
467:Eastern tradition
392:Western tradition
16:(Redirected from
1547:
1520:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1469:
1459:
1430:
1420:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1300:
1290:
1267:Drewes, G. W. J.
1262:
1249:
1237:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1155:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1127:
1124:Wasserstrom 1995
1121:
1115:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1090:, p. 40–41.
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1034:
1023:
1017:
1006:
996:
990:
984:
978:
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966:
956:
950:
944:
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929:
923:
917:
911:
905:
899:
893:
882:
876:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
840:Wasserstrom 1995
837:
831:
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813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
783:
777:
771:
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735:
729:
723:
717:
702:
696:
690:
684:
678:
672:
666:
660:
640:world literature
513:and also as the
495:
482:A Malay copy in
479:
457:
428:(printed 1540),
424:(printed 1625),
420:(printed 1658),
362:Pearl of Wonders
296:, but will have
82:world literature
21:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1549:
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1546:
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1525:
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1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1472:
1433:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1360:Kritzeck, James
1358:
1305:Horovitz, Josef
1303:
1265:
1252:
1242:Damrosch, David
1240:
1234:
1205:Bosworth, C. E.
1198:
1189:
1185:. Harrassowitz.
1180:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1146:
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993:
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969:
963:Steenbrink 1993
957:
953:
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938:
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697:
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669:
661:
652:
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615:Nicolas of Cusa
598:
503:
502:
501:
500:
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496:
488:
487:
480:
469:
451:
394:
318:
313:
311:Textual history
146:
57:in the form of
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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1551:
1543:
1542:
1537:
1527:
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1522:
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1501:
1492:
1483:
1470:
1431:
1403:(4): 481–495.
1388:
1379:
1377:. E. J. Brill.
1370:
1356:
1317:Kramers, J. H.
1313:Gibb, H. A. R.
1301:
1281:(2): 325–327.
1263:
1250:
1238:
1232:
1209:van Donzel, E.
1196:
1187:
1178:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1156:
1140:
1128:
1126:, p. 178.
1116:
1104:
1092:
1080:
1068:
1056:
1054:, p. 504.
1041:
1024:
1007:
991:
979:
977:, p. 506.
967:
951:
936:
924:
922:, p. 505.
912:
900:
883:
868:
856:
844:
832:
830:, p. 318.
820:
808:
796:
784:
772:
760:
748:
736:
724:
722:, p. 319.
703:
691:
679:
667:
649:
647:
644:
597:
594:
588:saw a copy on
539:Madurai Nayaks
497:
490:
489:
481:
474:
473:
472:
471:
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468:
465:
393:
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317:
314:
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309:
145:
142:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1552:
1541:
1540:Islamic texts
1538:
1536:
1533:
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1148:Damrosch 2014
1144:
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1129:
1125:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1112:Kritzeck 1964
1108:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1093:
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1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:Kritzeck 1964
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1039:, p. 40.
1038:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:, p. 39.
1021:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
971:
968:
964:
960:
955:
952:
949:, p. 37.
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
916:
913:
910:, p. 89.
909:
908:Kritzeck 1964
904:
901:
898:, p. 36.
897:
892:
890:
888:
884:
881:, p. 35.
880:
875:
873:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
852:Horovitz 1960
848:
845:
841:
836:
833:
829:
824:
821:
818:, p. 96.
817:
816:Kritzeck 1964
812:
809:
806:, p. 95.
805:
804:Kritzeck 1964
800:
797:
794:, p. 94.
793:
792:Kritzeck 1964
788:
785:
782:, p. 93.
781:
780:Kritzeck 1964
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
756:Kritzeck 1964
752:
749:
746:, p. 91.
745:
744:Kritzeck 1964
740:
737:
733:
732:Kritzeck 1964
728:
725:
721:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
704:
700:
699:Kritzeck 1964
695:
692:
688:
687:Kritzeck 1964
683:
680:
676:
671:
668:
665:, p. 90.
664:
663:Kritzeck 1964
659:
657:
655:
651:
645:
643:
641:
637:
632:
630:
629:
624:
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616:
612:
607:
604:
595:
593:
591:
587:
583:
582:Seribu Masala
579:
575:
571:
568:. The Arabic
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:ʿAqāʾida Nāma
524:
523:Hazār Masʾala
520:
516:
512:
508:
494:
485:
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466:
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461:
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450:
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379:
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371:
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363:
359:
356:. The Arabic
355:
351:
347:
343:
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1161:Bibliography
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982:
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932:Cecini 2021a
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828:Cecini 2021a
823:
811:
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768:Cecini 2021a
763:
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720:Cecini 2021a
694:
682:
675:Cecini 2021a
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535:Āyira Macalā
534:
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510:
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382:Nathan Davis
376:appeared in
373:
369:
366:Ibn al-Wardī
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53:treatise on
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26:
1450:(1): 8–31.
1333:Pellat, Ch.
1325:Schacht, J.
1213:Pellat, Ch.
864:Daiber 1991
634:Today, the
484:Jawi script
452: [
316:Arabic text
154:frame story
1529:Categories
1418:1885/31315
1255:John Tolan
1222:Volume VI:
1152:Ricci 2014
1100:Ricci 2011
1088:Ricci 2011
1064:Ricci 2011
1037:Ricci 2011
1020:Ricci 2011
999:Ricci 2011
987:Ricci 2011
959:Ricci 2011
947:Ricci 2011
896:Ricci 2011
879:Ricci 2011
434:Portuguese
352:'s Arabic
346:al-Balʿamī
110:Portuguese
71:apocryphal
1427:162585802
1352:495469456
1342:Volume I:
1329:Lewis, B.
596:Reception
592:in 1726.
566:Sundanese
533:version,
350:al-Ṭabarī
290:Jerusalem
271:geography
212:al-Furqān
134:Sundanese
65:inquirer
1466:43817799
1362:(1964).
1335:(eds.).
1307:(1960).
1297:27863760
1269:(1986).
1257:(eds.).
1224:Mahk–Mid
1215:(eds.).
1194:. Brill.
558:Javanese
554:Buginese
441:Moluccas
267:medicine
222:and the
144:Synopsis
126:Javanese
122:Buginese
59:Muḥammad
1477:(ed.).
636:Masāʾil
570:Masāʾil
550:Masāʾil
544:In the
507:Masāʾil
430:Italian
374:Masāʾil
358:Masāʾil
342:Masāʾil
334:Masāʾil
330:Masāʾil
304:shahāda
286:Masāʾil
275:riddles
224:Gospels
199:Masāʾil
185:Gabriel
173:Khaybar
165:initial
150:Masāʾil
138:English
106:Italian
90:Persian
78:Masāʾil
1464:
1425:
1350:
1331:&
1295:
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548:, the
458:, the
426:German
422:French
251:angels
220:Psalms
218:, the
208:Qurʾān
204:Heaven
181:Medina
102:German
98:French
63:Jewish
51:Arabic
1462:JSTOR
1423:S2CID
1311:. In
1293:JSTOR
1203:. In
1003:hazār
646:Notes
590:Ambon
578:Samud
562:Malay
531:Tamil
456:]
418:Dutch
378:Cairo
370:Pearl
236:Jesus
232:David
228:Moses
216:Torah
210:, as
177:Islam
130:Malay
118:Tamil
94:Dutch
86:Latin
55:Islam
1348:OCLC
1228:ISBN
574:Java
564:and
519:Urdu
447:and
432:and
328:The
298:wine
284:The
269:and
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247:Hell
234:and
197:The
189:ʿAlī
148:The
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116:and
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1452:doi
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1283:doi
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