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ceased to exist after the fall of the
Umayyads, as the Abbasids favoured a universal interpretation of Islam that was not the exclusive religion of the Arab elite. However, throughout the centuries, the rise of political power of regional Arab dynasties and non-Arab ethnic groups eventually
230:, formed private corps entirely composed of non-Arabs in the service of the Caliph. These men were the mawali of the Caliph and were thus considered to be more loyal to the Caliph. This practice persisted throughout Islamic history through to the
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argue that in the context of the sermon (Ghadir Khumm), intended that the word "mawla" to be taken as "leader". They therefore see this to be the official designation of Ali as the
262:."). There have been mentioned meanings for this use of the word "mawla", including leader, administrator,, Lord, owner, master, follower, one who has more right in something,
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rulers of the 9th century, the non-Arab converts comprised an important part of the army. The institution of wala' as a requirement to enter
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were clients of an Arab people, but with the advent of Islam, the term came to refer to non-Arab
Muslims and other allies.
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and lived through the
Abbasid Revolution. He famously stated in one of his sayings: "The belief of a newly converted
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can have reciprocal meanings, depending on whether it is used in the active or passive voice: "master" Originally,
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This institution continued in the
Abbasid period on a much smaller scale when the 8th Abbasid Caliph,
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it is used in a number of senses, including 'Lord', 'guardian', and 'trustee'.
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A.J. Wensinck, Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Mawlā", vol. 6, p. 874.
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event (regarding the sentence which was declared by the
Islamic prophet
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Roman, Provincial and
Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate
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word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.
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After
Muhammad's death, this institution was adapted by the
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The word "Mawla" is regarded as a considerable word in the
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Slave
Soldiers and Islam The Genesis of a Military System
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gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab
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Patronate And
Patronage in Early And Classical Islam
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576:Mawlas: Freed slaves and converts in early Islam
499:. Trans. and eds. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone.
565:, P. Crone, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
87:, the term originally applied to any form of
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30:For the novel by Surender Mohan Pathak, see
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193:began to form independent and autonomous
137:, which was used by the Islamic prophet
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109:dynasty to incorporate new converts to
545:Conversion and Poll-Tax in Early Islam
254:, when he said: "For whoever I am his
113:into Arab-Muslim society and the word
571:, M. Bernards, J. Nawas, Brill, 2005.
416:Encyclopædia of Islam, Second Edition
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219:is the same as that of an Arab from
181:restricted the power of the Abbasid
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475:al-islam.org Retrieved 8 Dec 2018
439:pasokhgoo.ir Retrieved 1 Dec 2018
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547:, D.C. Dennett, Cambridge 1950.
451:makarem.ir Retrieved 8 Dec 2018
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490:A History of the Arab People
149:speech, is derived from the
603:Ethno-cultural designations
559:, P. Crone, Cambridge 1980.
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551:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
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29:
623:Racism in the Middle East
593:Archaic words and phrases
189:, as Persian, Turkic and
613:Arabic words and phrases
37:Not to be confused with
618:Anti-Iranian sentiments
461:Meaning and Implication
386:Muhammedanische Studien
203:was the founder of the
503:Pipes, Daniel (1981).
408:Vaglieri, Laura Veccia
514:Yale University Press
437:The meaning of Mawla
598:Islamic terminology
497:The Meadows of Gold
272:prophet's successor
80:Before the Islamic
633:Abbasid Revolution
412:"G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm"
123:Islamic caliphates
89:tribal association
608:Religion and race
553:, second edition.
488:Hourani, Albert.
473:"wali"and "Mawla"
389:. Halle. p.
248:Muhammad in Islam
16:(Redirected from
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529:28 December
510:(hardcover)
314:Shu'ubiyyah
228:al-Mu'tasim
213:Sunni Islam
27:Arabic word
628:Shia Islam
587:Categories
483:References
422:11 October
207:school of
201:Abu Hanifa
195:sultanates
172:Under the
72:polysemous
495:Mas'udi.
321:Umm walad
133:The word
129:Etymology
61:, plural
410:(2012).
383:(1889).
278:See also
234:period.
139:Muhammad
85:Muhammad
70:), is a
67:مَوَالِي
335:Wilayah
328:Walayah
300:Mawlānā
232:Ottoman
211:within
187:Baghdad
174:Abbasid
145:in the
119:Muslims
107:Umayyad
100:hadiths
94:In the
82:prophet
59:مَوْلَى
520:
307:Mullah
293:Jizyah
250:about
205:Hanafi
183:caliph
167:mawāli
141:about
115:mawali
75:Arabic
63:mawālī
55:Arabic
355:Notes
268:Shias
260:mawla
256:mawla
221:Hejaz
163:Mawla
159:w-l-y
155:و ل ي
135:mawla
111:Islam
96:Quran
50:Mawlā
43:Maula
18:Mawlā
531:2021
518:ISBN
424:2019
286:Ajam
264:wali
217:Turk
151:root
98:and
391:105
252:Ali
223:."
185:in
143:Ali
41:or
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