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ceased to exist after the fall of the
Umayyads, as the Abbasids favoured a universal interpretation of Islam that was not the exclusive religion of the Arab elite. However, throughout the centuries, the rise of political power of regional Arab dynasties and non-Arab ethnic groups eventually
219:, formed private corps entirely composed of non-Arabs in the service of the Caliph. These men were the mawali of the Caliph and were thus considered to be more loyal to the Caliph. This practice persisted throughout Islamic history through to the
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argue that in the context of the sermon (Ghadir Khumm), intended that the word "mawla" to be taken as "leader". They therefore see this to be the official designation of Ali as the
251:."). There have been mentioned meanings for this use of the word "mawla", including leader, administrator,, Lord, owner, master, follower, one who has more right in something,
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rulers of the 9th century, the non-Arab converts comprised an important part of the army. The institution of wala' as a requirement to enter
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were clients of an Arab people, but with the advent of Islam, the term came to refer to non-Arab
Muslims and other allies.
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and lived through the
Abbasid Revolution. He famously stated in one of his sayings: "The belief of a newly converted
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can have reciprocal meanings, depending on whether it is used in the active or passive voice: "master" Originally,
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This institution continued in the
Abbasid period on a much smaller scale when the 8th Abbasid Caliph,
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it is used in a number of senses, including 'Lord', 'guardian', and 'trustee'.
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A.J. Wensinck, Encyclopedia of Islam 2nd ed, Brill. "Mawlā", vol. 6, p. 874.
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event (regarding the sentence which was declared by the
Islamic prophet
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Roman, Provincial and
Islamic Law: The Origins of the Islamic Patronate
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word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.
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After
Muhammad's death, this institution was adapted by the
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The word "Mawla" is regarded as a considerable word in the
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Slave
Soldiers and Islam The Genesis of a Military System
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gained currency as an appellation for converted non-Arab
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Patronate And
Patronage in Early And Classical Islam
150:, meaning "to be close to" or "to have power over".
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565:Mawlas: Freed slaves and converts in early Islam
488:. Trans. and eds. Paul Lunde and Caroline Stone.
554:, P. Crone, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
76:, the term originally applied to any form of
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19:For the novel by Surender Mohan Pathak, see
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182:began to form independent and autonomous
126:, which was used by the Islamic prophet
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98:dynasty to incorporate new converts to
534:Conversion and Poll-Tax in Early Islam
243:, when he said: "For whoever I am his
102:into Arab-Muslim society and the word
560:, M. Bernards, J. Nawas, Brill, 2005.
405:Encyclopædia of Islam, Second Edition
7:
208:is the same as that of an Arab from
170:restricted the power of the Abbasid
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47:
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464:al-islam.org Retrieved 8 Dec 2018
428:pasokhgoo.ir Retrieved 1 Dec 2018
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536:, D.C. Dennett, Cambridge 1950.
440:makarem.ir Retrieved 8 Dec 2018
1:
479:A History of the Arab People
138:speech, is derived from the
592:Ethno-cultural designations
548:, P. Crone, Cambridge 1980.
638:
540:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
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18:
612:Racism in the Middle East
582:Archaic words and phrases
178:, as Persian, Turkic and
602:Arabic words and phrases
26:Not to be confused with
607:Anti-Iranian sentiments
450:Meaning and Implication
375:Muhammedanische Studien
192:was the founder of the
492:Pipes, Daniel (1981).
397:Vaglieri, Laura Veccia
503:Yale University Press
426:The meaning of Mawla
587:Islamic terminology
486:The Meadows of Gold
261:prophet's successor
69:Before the Islamic
622:Abbasid Revolution
401:"G̲h̲adīr K̲h̲umm"
112:Islamic caliphates
78:tribal association
597:Religion and race
542:, second edition.
477:Hourani, Albert.
462:"wali"and "Mawla"
378:. Halle. p.
237:Muhammad in Islam
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546:Slaves on Horses
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136:Ghadir Khumm
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518:28 December
499:(hardcover)
303:Shu'ubiyyah
217:al-Mu'tasim
202:Sunni Islam
16:Arabic word
617:Shia Islam
576:Categories
472:References
411:11 October
196:school of
190:Abu Hanifa
184:sultanates
161:Under the
61:polysemous
484:Mas'udi.
310:Umm walad
122:The word
118:Etymology
50:, plural
399:(2012).
372:(1889).
267:See also
223:period.
128:Muhammad
74:Muhammad
59:), is a
56:مَوَالِي
324:Wilayah
317:Walayah
289:Mawlānā
221:Ottoman
200:within
176:Baghdad
163:Abbasid
134:in the
108:Muslims
96:Umayyad
89:hadiths
83:In the
71:prophet
48:مَوْلَى
509:
296:Mullah
282:Jizyah
239:about
194:Hanafi
172:caliph
156:mawāli
130:about
104:mawali
64:Arabic
52:mawālī
44:Arabic
344:Notes
257:Shias
249:mawla
245:mawla
210:Hejaz
152:Mawla
148:w-l-y
144:و ل ي
124:mawla
100:Islam
85:Quran
39:Mawlā
32:Maula
520:2021
507:ISBN
413:2019
275:Ajam
253:wali
206:Turk
140:root
87:and
380:105
241:Ali
212:."
174:in
132:Ali
30:or
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388:^
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