309:, in contrast with services. In MPS the economy is divided up into three sectors: (1) productive enterprises, (2) the non-productive sphere, and (3) households. Typically the planning authorities also collected comprehensive data on the physical units of products produced. This is normally not the case in conventional national accounts, which measure only the momentary market value of outputs produced.
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In that case, it is argued, a more appropriate strategy is to measure what physical goods and services people actually consume, and to what benefits they are entitled. Whatever the case, it is clear that there is a big difference in valuation methods between MPS and UNSNA, since MPS in large part works with
435:, edited by Zoltan Kenessey, IOS Press, 1994, p. 218 and 236. The full list of countries that used the MPS is: USSR, Albania, Bulgaria, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Cambodia, the Korean Democratic Republic, Laos, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Vietnam and Yugoslavia.
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has shown that a large proportion of prices in
Western countries are in reality also a type of administered prices or regulated prices). For example, if corporations transfer goods and assets between their corporate branches in different countries, they may not value them at market prices at all, but
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in the USSR. However, supporters of the system argued that, if many goods and services are supplied to ordinary consumers free of charge, or below cost (a "socialized" component of household income) then valuing consumption expenditures in money prices becomes both difficult and rather meaningless.
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The main structural differences between MPS and UNSNA are attributable to a different interpretation of newly created value, and of the accumulation of stocks of wealth. Consequently, there are differences in grossing and netting procedures for the main aggregates. In MPS, many services are not
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Critics of MPS accounts argue that by providing a lot of detail about the value and physical quantity of tangible products produced, but very little detail about those who depended on that production as consumers, how income, consumer items and capital wealth were truly
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have continued to use MPS alongside UNSNA-type accounts. Today it is difficult to obtain detailed information about accounting systems which are an alternative to UNSNA, and therefore few people know that such systems exist and have been used by various countries.
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The MPS accounts originated in the Soviet Union, around the same time that the first
Western attempts were also made to create systematic social accounts (i.e. in the later 1920s and 1930s). They were influenced by the ideas
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set by the state, whereas UNSNA largely uses (real or imputed) "market" prices (these market prices should not be understood as being necessarily "free market prices" –
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in capitalist society. However, Marx himself never attempted to create any system of social accounts for socialist economies; his own economic categories concerned the
247:
498:
A study of Cuba's material product system, its conversion to the system of national accounts, and estimation of gross domestic product per capita and growth rates
327:
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Tatiana A. Khomenko, "Estimation of Gross Social
Product and Net Material Product in the USSR", Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University,
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regarded as value-adding, and therefore excluded from the total net output. As the name suggests, the MPS aims to measure the annual output of
67:
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Conversion of
National Income Data of the U.S.S.R. to Concepts of the System of National Accounts in Dollars and Estimation of Growth Rate
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Basic methodological principles governing the compilation of the system of statistical balances of the national economy, Vol. 1 and 2
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at prices which incur less tax and levies – prompting governments to set rules for how the goods must be valued and priced (see
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countries (until around 1990), Cuba, China (1952–1992) and several other Asian countries. The MPS has now been replaced by the
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507:(2 Vols). Studies in methods. Series F / Statistical Office, ISSN 0498-014X ; no. 20. New York: United Nations, 1977-81.
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economy. Further, the MPS accounts used a definition of "unproductive labor" which was closer to that of
521:. Studies in Methods, Series F, no. 17, rev. 1, ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/rev.1. New York: United Nations, 1989.
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Planned economies. A guide to the data. 1993 edition featuring economies of the former Soviet Union
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Comparisons of the system of national accounts and the system of balances of the national economy
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514:. Studies in Methods, Series F, no. 17,ST/STAT/ser. F/2/17. New York: United Nations, 1971.
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Mirrors of the economy: national accounts and international norms in Russia and beyond.
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UN Department of international economic and social affairs, Statistical office,
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UN Department of international economic and social affairs, Statistical office,
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UN Department of international economic and social affairs, Statistical office,
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Paul
Studenski, "Methods of Estimating National Income in Soviet Russia",
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accounts in most countries that used MPS, although some countries such as
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500:. World Bank staff working papers, ISSN 0253-2115 no. 770, 1985, 104 pp.
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than to that of Marx. The MPS standard accounting system was adopted by
528:(World Bank Staff Working Paper). Washington: World Bank, December 1985
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62:
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52:
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Janos Arvay, "The
Material Product System (MPS): A Retrospective,"
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Janos Arvay, "The material
Product System (MPS): A Retrospective,"
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Janos Arvay, "The
Material Product System (MPS): A Retrospective,"
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Basic principles of the System of
Balances of the National Economy
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Vaclav
Holesovsky, "Karl Marx and Soviet National Income Theory",
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National accounts and international norms in Russia and beyond
543:, edited by Zoltan Kenessey, IOS Press, 1994, pp. 218ff.
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had about the creation and accumulation of wealth, and about
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System of national accounts used by Eastern Bloc countries
461:, edited by Zoltan Kenessey, IOS Press, 1994, pp. 218
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for different lengths of time, including the former
534:. Washington D.C.: The World Bank, December 1993.
484:, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Jun., 1961), pp. 325–344.
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548:Marx's theory of price and its modern rivals
477:. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965.
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448:Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010.
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496:Carmelo Mesa-Lago, Jorge Pérez-López,
68:Supreme Soviet of the National Economy
172:Hyperinflation in early Soviet Russia
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475:Anatomy of Social Accounting Systems
550:. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
582:World Bank documents & reports
394:Productive and unproductive labour
324:productive and unproductive labour
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557:. Cornell University Press, 2010.
222:Business and economics portal
96:Scientific production association
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399:Soviet-type economic planning
328:capitalist mode of production
313:Attribution to Marx and Smith
524:Robert Wellington Campbell,
489:Studies in Income and Wealth
482:The American Economic Review
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267:) refers to the system of
562:Discussion Paper No. 172
362:Post-Keynesian economics
541:The Accounts of Nations
459:The Accounts of Nations
433:The Accounts of Nations
261:Material Product System
149:Material Product System
91:Production association
346:Measurement of prices
82:Business group types
553:Yoshiko M. Herrera,
491:, Vol. 8, NBER 1946
444:Yoshiko M. Herrera,
389:Net material product
300:Differences from SNA
154:Net material product
414:Socialist economics
358:administered prices
342:countries in 1969.
273:Communist countries
121:Linear optimization
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