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characterization of the basic physical phenomena that, from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales, govern microstructure formation and CET will be pursued. CET occurs during columnar growth when new grains grow ahead of the columnar front in the undercooled liquid. Under certain conditions, these grains can stop the columnar growth and then the solidification microstructure becomes equiaxed. Experiments have to take place on the ISS due to the long-duration required to solidify samples with the objective to study the CET. Indeed, the length scale of the grain structure when columnar growth takes place is of the order of the casting scale rather than the microstructure scale. This is due to the fact that, to a first approximation, it is the heat flow that controls the transition rather than the solute flow. Experimental programs are being carried out on aluminium-nickel and aluminium-silicon alloys.
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and controls experimentally the fluid-flow patterns that affect microstructure evolution during casting processes, and to develop analytical and advanced numerical models. The microgravity environment of the
International Space Station is of special importance to this project because only there are all gravity-induced convections eliminated and well-defined conditions for solidification prevail that can be disturbed by artificial fluid flow being under full control of the experimenters. Design solutions that make it possible to improve casting processes and especially
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experiment samples containing toxic compounds are contained in SCAs that support the detection of potential leaks. The volume between the experiment sample and the cartridge tube is filled with a pre-defined quantity of krypton, allowing leak detection by mass spectrometry. However the first batch of experiments does not contain any toxic substances.
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of the
Materials Science Research Rack and MSL inside MSRR. The commissioning included the processing of the first two samples which took place at the beginning of November. After bringing those two samples back to ground for analysis by the scientists the rest of the samples from batch 1 will be processed in early 2010.
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MICAST studies microstructure formation during casting of technical alloys under diffusive and magnetically controlled convective conditions. The experimental results together with parametric studies using numerical simulations, will be used to optimize industrial casting processes. MICAST identifies
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mission at the end of August 2009. It was transferred from the Multi-Purpose
Logistics Module to the Destiny Laboratory shortly after the shuttle docked at the International Space Station some two days after launch. After that the commissioning activities started to check out first the functionality
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Ground MSRR-1 in launch configuration. The right side of the rack contains the MSL Engineering Model. The left side contains the MSRR-1 Rack
Support Subsystems (lower portion) and the stowage container (upper portion). The left side has the accommodations/interfaces to support an additional furnace
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The SQF is designed mainly for metallurgical research, with the option of quenching the solidification interface at the end of processing by quickly displacing the cooling zone. It consists of a heated cavity and a water-cooled cooling zone separated by an adiabatic zone. It can establish medium to
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laboratory on board the ISS. Its purpose is to process material samples in different ways: directional solidification of metals and alloys, crystal growth of semi-conducting materials, thermo-physical properties and diffusion experiments of alloys and glass-forming materials, and investigations on
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The samples to be processed are contained in experiment cartridges, the SCAs, that consist of a leak-tight tube, crucible, sensors for process control, sample probe and cartridge foot (i.e. the mechanical and electrical interface to the process chamber). The MSL safety concept requires that
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and of the grain microstructure in solidification processing. This aims to give industry confidence in the reliability of the numerical tools introduced in their integrated numerical models of casting, and their relationship. To achieve this goal, intensive deepening of the quantitative
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NASA Image: ISS020E037829 European Space Agency astronaut
Christer Fuglesang (top foreground) and NASA astronaut Tim Kopra, both STS-128 mission specialists, install a Materials Science Research Rack-1 (MSRR-1) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space
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The LGF is designed mainly for
Bridgman crystal growth of semiconductor materials. It consists of two heated cavities separated by an adiabatic zone. This assembly can establish low and precisely controlled gradients between two very stable temperature levels.
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is already produced and waiting on ground for future operations. The FI can be moved with a dedicated drive mechanism, to process each sample according to requirements from the scientists. Processing normally takes place under vacuum.
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A FI is an arrangement of heating elements, isolating zones and cooling zones contained in a thermal insulation assembly. On the outer envelope of this assembly is a water-cooled metal jacket forming the mechanical interface to the
232:(FIs), within which sample processing is carried out. The processing chamber provides an accurately controlled processing environment and measurement of microgravity levels. It can house several different
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Pettigrew PJ, Kitchen L, Darby C, Cobb SD, Lehoczky S. Design features and capabilities of the First
Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1). Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference. ;1:55-63.
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Cobb SD, Higgins DB, Kitchens L. First
Materials Science Research Facility Rack Capabilities and Design Features. IAF abstracts, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, The Second World Space Congress. ;J-6-07.
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Carswell W, Kroeger F, Hammond M. QMI: a furnace for metals and alloys processing on the
International Space Station. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Aerospace Conference. ;1:1-74. 2003
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steep temperature gradients along the experiment sample. For creating large gradients, a Liquid Metal Ring enhances the thermal coupling between the SCA and the cooling zone.
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A close up view the Low
Gradient Furnace (LGF) and Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF) developed by the European Space Agency located on the right side of the MSRR-1.
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Schaefer D, Henderson R. Concept for Materials Science Research Facility. 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reno, NV. Jan 12 -15, ;AIAA-1998-259. 1998
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are two investigations which will examine different growth patterns and evolution of microstructures during crystallization of metallic alloys in microgravity.
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supports FIs with up to eight heating elements, and provides the mechanical, thermal and electrical infrastructure necessary to handle the FIs, the
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Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MICAST)
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332:(AlSiFe) cast alloys on the microstructure evolution during directional solidification with and without rotating magnetic field.
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with well-defined properties will be provided. MICAST studies the influence of pure diffusive and convective conditions on
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Up to 12 scientific thermocouples provide the sample's temperature profile and allow differential thermal analysis.
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Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing (CETSOL)
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MSL's low-gradient furnace and the Sample Ampoule Cartridge Assembly in 2004.
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The major objective of CETSOL is to improve and validate the modelling of
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The major characteristics of the two produced Furnace Inserts are:
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in Friedrichshafen, Germany. It is operated and monitored by the
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first Materials Science Research Rack which is placed in the
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consists mainly of a vacuum-tight stainless steel cylinder (
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Science facilities on the International Space Station
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
228:) capable of accommodating different individual
508:. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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236:. During the first batch of experiments the
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283:Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF)
242:Solidification and Quenching Furnace (SQF)
158:polymers and ceramics at the liquid-solid
1660:Displayed and current expeditions are in
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
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830:Window Observational Research Facility
7:
1238:International Space Station Insignia
44:adding citations to reliable sources
240:is installed. Another furnace, the
211:International Standard Payload Rack
1246:International Space Station Emblem
337:Columnar-Equiaxed Transition (CET)
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171:Microgravity User Support Center
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1626:List of spaceflights to the ISS
1006:Multi-Purpose Logistics Modules
254:Sample Cartridge Assembly (SCA)
31:needs additional citations for
782:International Docking Adapters
370:Scientific research on the ISS
55:"Materials Science Laboratory"
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471:"Material Science Laboratory"
207:Materials Science Laboratory
146:experiments in low gravity.
128:Materials Science Laboratory
1147:International Space Station
819:Pressurized Mating Adapters
599:International Space Station
177:(DLR) in Cologne, Germany.
140:International Space Station
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787:Integrated Truss Structure
777:ExPRESS Logistics Carriers
772:External Stowage Platforms
272:Low Gradient Furnace (LGF)
238:Low Gradient Furnace (LGF)
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293:Sample cartridge assembly
165:MSL was built for ESA by
1078:Manufacturing of the ISS
1052:Universal Docking Module
1057:Russian Research Module
797:Mobile Servicing System
503:"MSL-CETSOL and MICAST"
175:German Aerospace Center
1666:Future expeditions in
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1047:Science Power Platform
1011:Interim Control Module
330:aluminium-silicon-iron
216:The MSL consists of a
185:MSL was launched with
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960:Axiom Orbital Segment
132:European Space Agency
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1716:Destiny (ISS module)
1646:visiting expeditions
1631:List of ISS visitors
1164:Uncrewed ISS flights
1062:Science Power Module
767:European Robotic Arm
344:Related publications
40:improve this article
1083:Assembly of the ISS
1042:Crew Return Vehicle
792:Life Support System
483:on November 6, 2005
389:module if required.
149:It is installed in
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1159:Crewed ISS flights
964:US Deorbit Vehicle
597:Components of the
557:MSL Website of DLR
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1037:Habitation Module
1027:Propulsion Module
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762:Electrical System
562:ESA's MSL website
326:aluminium-silicon
144:materials science
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160:phase transition
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230:Furnace Inserts
226:Process Chamber
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181:Mission summary
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29:This article
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1180:Expedition 1
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839:Experimental
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528:"Fact Sheet"
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
1143:Expeditions
733:Tranquility
512:November 4,
328:(AlSi) and
305:Experiments
1705:Categories
1641:commanders
1542:Since 2020
1157:See also:
924:components
750:Subsystems
669:US Segment
452:August 20,
432:References
66:newspapers
1662:underline
1436:2015–2019
1325:2010–2014
1254:2005–2009
1173:2000–2004
1020:Cancelled
888:PK-3 Plus
873:ISS-CREAM
802:Canadarm2
538:August 9,
487:August 9,
190:Discovery
1678:Category
1101:Category
999:hardware
972:Proposed
893:SAGE III
718:Leonardo
683:Columbus
606:Orbiting
365:See also
1668:italics
1619:Related
1145:to the
1071:Related
953:Planned
841:devices
727:airlock
704:Harmony
697:Destiny
644:Rassvet
637:Prichal
426:Station
375:Gallery
194:STS-128
192:on its
155:Destiny
136:payload
80:scholar
979:Node 4
946:Future
915:Former
848:AMS-02
826:cranes
824:Strela
807:Dextre
690:Cupola
658:Zvezda
151:NASA's
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997:Spare
984:XBASE
922:Major
883:NICER
853:CALET
740:Unity
725:Quest
651:Zarya
630:Poisk
623:Nauka
506:(PDF)
481:(PDF)
474:(PDF)
448:. DLR
134:is a
87:JSTOR
73:books
1688:List
1636:crew
932:Pirs
878:MAXI
868:HDEV
863:GEDI
858:CATS
711:Kibō
677:BEAM
540:2009
514:2009
489:2009
454:2009
360:2003
353:2002
312:and
248:The
205:The
142:for
126:The
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